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Hegel intérprete de Aristóteles : a questão teleológica na filosofia da história hegeliana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-30)
França, Lincoln Menezes de
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Baioni, José Eduardo Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6566744119224225
For G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), the historical deployments demonstrate as a whole a progression in the recognition of the Self of the Spirit and the knowledge of freedom, which enables the philosophy of history to verify the effectiveness of reason in the world and the progressive achievement of the absolute ultimate End purpose. As Hegel considers that the conception of purpose is the main determination that arrives at us from the Aristotelian philosophy, the central objective of this thesis is to understand the role of the Aristotelian philosophy of the history of Hegel. The singularity of the Hegelian teleological conception is characterized by resorting to Aristotelian philosophy as a necessary moment for Hegel's reaction to Kantian and post-Kantian idealism, providing greater clarity about Hegel's understanding of the teleological question in history and its relation to its conception of the history of philosophy according to its own conceptual heritage. The analytical starting point of this thesis is the Phenomenology of the Spirit, a work in which Hegel develops the introduction to his philosophical system and also presents a peculiar teleological perspective, which is systematically exposed later in the texts of the Science of Logic and the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences. These works of systematic character has a central importance for the understanding of the teleological question in the Lectures on the Philosophy of History, since they are deployments of their own philosophical system. In the Lectures on the History of Philosophy there is a more detailed exposition of Aristotelian philosophy and the teleological question. However, the philosophical problems faced by Hegel are specific to his time, which implies conceptual peculiarities concerning teleology in the Hegelian system and, consequently, in the Philosophy of History. In addition, Hegel has a very specific conception of the interpretation of the history of philosophy, linked to the systematic notion of the development of the Spirit. In this sense, by accepting a conceptual heritage in relation to Aristotelian teleology, Hegel searches one more internal coherence for his own systematic conception of the history of philosophy, in other words, one conception where there is a progression of the Spirit from which Aristotle and the other philosophers were part of it, rather than a philosophical fidelity or a strict conceptual affiliation to Aristotle.
Percepção de serviços ecossistêmicos por agricultores familiares em transição agroecológica e sua contribuição para a conservação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-30)
Kadry, Vívian Oliveira
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8875742857678460
Knowing the perception of ecosystem services is a tool in establishing actions for the conservation of ecosystems. Especially in areas covered by the Atlantic Forest such as Ubatuba-SP, where communities use these services generated by nature. This study evaluated the perception of ecosystem services of 20 farmers that are in transition to ecologically-based farming practices in Ubatuba. Semi-structured interviews were used to identify witch services were perceived by the farmers. The responses were classified according to the functions of regulation, habitat, production and information. Then was calculated the Ecosystem Perception Consolidation Index (ICPE). In general there was low perception of the ecosystem services, and regulation and information functions got higher ICPE. There was dissociation of the relation between forest and agricultural production, because the services generated by the habitat function were perceived only by 30% of the farmers. The results showed the need to incorporate an integrated technical assistance linking extension and conservation agencies. Therefore, rescuing cultural values alongside modern technologies, farmers can contribute more significantly to the conservation of the local Atlantic Forest.
Influência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares como promotores de crescimento de porta-enxertos de citros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-30)
Miranda, Priscila Batista
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Mello, Andrea Hentz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5704584745306992
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Kupper, Katia Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900622063392740
Plant growth promoting microorganisms have been widely used in agriculture. As an example, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which associate with the roots of plants and help them in the better absorption of nutrients and water, have been widely used as biological input in several studies. However, their use is mostly associated with phosphorus addition, and it is also important to carry out studies evaluating the isolated effect of these microorganisms and the dependence of the plants on them. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of the mycorrhizal association of Glomus clarum and G. etunicatum on the initial growth of rootstocks: Rangpur lime, Swingle Citrumelo and Tangerine Sunki. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, with 5 replications, corresponding to 3 rootstocks, 4 managements (mineral fertilization, inoculation with G. clarum or G. etunicatum and control). The inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and fertilization with P were performed simultaneously and before the sowing, respectively. In addition, after germination, N and micronutrients were applied by the irrigation water. The following parameters were evaluated: height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry mass, colonization and mycorrhizal dependence and the macro and micronutrients content from shoots. There was a significant interaction between the rootstocks and treatments applied in this study for most of the evaluated variables. The highest values of height, leaf number and dry mass of the aerial part were provided by the mineral fertilization management. Rangpur lime and Swingle Citrumelo obtained higher height. The largest diameter of the stem was reached by Swingle Citrumelo and the management that provided the largest diameter was inoculation with G. etunicatum. Rangpur lime presented moderate mycorrhizal dependence for G. clarum and marginal for G. etunicatum, while the other rootstocks present marginal dependence on the two microorganisms. There was a low percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in the rootstocks. There was a significant interaction between the rootstocks and the applied managements, and mineral fertilization provided higher levels of N, P, Ca and S to the plants. Regarding the micronutrients, mineral fertilization also excelled in the absorption of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. G. clarum presented values of Cu, Mn and Zn higher than the control. However, considering all the evaluated parameters, the management through the use of mycorrhizal fungi was not satisfactory, the best result was obtained with mineral fertilization, such effect can be justified by the high content of P in the substrate, which can be affected the efficiency of mycorrhization.
Avaliação do papel da amídala na antinocicepção induzida pelo medo : análises comportamental, imunoistoquímica e farmacológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-30)
Sorregotti, Tatiani
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Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2475842684688693
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9354501882831474
Exposure of rodents to an open elevated plus maze (oEPM, an EPM with all four open arms) elicits antinociceptive responses, high level of plasma corticosterone and defensive behaviors. However, very little is known about the neural substrates and neurotransmitters that modulate the antinociceptive responses and the defensive behavior of oEPM-exposed animals. It is known that the amygdala plays an important role in the modulation of defensive behavior and pain responses. Accordingly, the Experiment 1 investigated the effects of chemical inactivation of the amygdala [through local injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2: a nonspecific synaptic blocker)] on the nociception of mice injected formalin into the right hind paw (nociceptive test) and on the defensive behavior of oEPM-exposed mice. Results showed that the amygdala inactivation induced an antinociceptive response in mice injected formalin into the right hind paw when exposed to the glass-cage (safe situation). However, the antinociceptive response was not altered when mice were exposed to the oEPM (aversive situation). In addition, the mice amygdala inactivation reduced the time spent in the proximal area of the arms as well as the frequency of stretched attend postures (SAP), and increased time spent in the arm ends and the head-dipping frequency, suggesting an anxiolytic-like effect. Experiment 2 assessed the pattern of activation of the basolateral (BLA) and central (CeA) nuclei of the amygdala through quantification of Fos protein expression in mice exposed to the oEPM (aversive situation) or injected with formalin into the right hind paw. Fos-positive labeled cells were bilaterally increased in the amygdaloid complex, particularly in the BLA, compared to the control groups. Whereas the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a role in the modulatory system of defensive and antinociceptive responses to aversive situations, the Experiment 3 investigated the effects of intra-amygdala microinjections of CRF1 antagonist (CP376395) on these responses on mice exposed to the oEPM. Results showed that the antinociceptive and defensive responses did not change by the blocked of CRF1 in the amygdala. These results are suggestive that the amygdala (in particular, its BLA nucleus) plays a role in the modulation of nociceptive response induced by formalin test and in the modulation of defensive behaviors in oEPM-exposed mice.
Caracterização dos materiais lignocelulósicos da castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa), preparação e caracterização de seus compósitos com polipropileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-31)
Petrechen, Gustavo Pinto
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Ambrósio, José Donato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9470914895315270
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8859527807505452
This research aimed to characterize the lignocellulosic materials of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) extraction process and to develop biocomposites incorporating these materials with homopolymer and copolymer polypropylene matrices. The study and characterization of lignocellulosic materials involved the research of the socioeconomic context and the morphological, physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical behavior characteristics. The development and characterization of biocomposites involves the beneficiation and compatibilization of the lignocellulosic fillers with polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride, the extrusion of the biocomposites in different formulations, the injection molding of test specimens and the characterization of the resulting biocomposites in relation to general physical properties, moisture absorption, thermal behavior, mechanical behavior under tensile and flexural stress, and impact resistance behavior. The results showed that the lignocellulosic materials are composed of the pericarp of the fruit and of the seed shells, respectively with three and five distinct layers, each one with its characteristics. The biocomposites presented higher hardness, higher elastic modulus, higher tensile and flexural strength, higher moisture absorption, lower impact strength and lower rupture elongation when compared to the pure polypropylenes of the matrices. The utilization of the polypropylene copolymer matrix provided better performance in relation to the impact absorption behavior. The performance of the filler from mesocarp of the pericarp biocomposities was superior to those filled with seed shells. Compared to other biocomposites, common woods and plastics, in general, the developed biocomposites showed good performance.
Distribuições preditiva e implícita para ativos financeiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-01)
Oliveira, Natália Lombardi de
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Diniz, Márcio Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8948404469003829
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Campos, Adriano Polpo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867996651212204
We present two different approaches to obtain a probability density function for the stock?s future price: a predictive distribution, based on a Bayesian time series model, and the implied distribution, based on Black & Scholes option pricing formula. Considering the Black & Scholes model, we derive the necessary conditions to obtain the implied distribution of the stock price on the exercise date. Based on predictive densities, we compare the market implied model (Black & Scholes) with a historical based approach (Bayesian time series model). After obtaining the density functions, it is simple to evaluate probabilities of one being bigger than the other and to make a decision of selling/buying a stock. Also, as an example, we present how to use these distributions to build an option pricing formula.
Análise de políticas públicas: o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) em assentamentos rurais no município de Araras, estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-01)
Villar, Gustavo Henrique do Lago
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Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016
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Bergamasco, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863899187043019
The evaluation of a public policy becomes important when it aims at important points within society, which is the generation of income for family agriculture in rural settlements and the acquisition and distribution of quality food for people at risk of food and nutritional assistance Institutions. The research had as general objective the evaluation of the PAA in the rural settlements of Araras, demonstrating the effectiveness and social cohesion and the relation of agroecology in the productive processes of these families. In this sense, the specific objectives were to analyze the quality of life and the change provoked in the productive matrices within the lots analyzed. As a theoreticalmethodological reference, this research was based on the work of scholars of neo-institutionalism in order to understand the role of institutions in the behavior of individuals affected by public policy. The data presented were obtained by questionnaires previously elaborated with information taken from the field diaries, as a methodological tool contributed to a better refinement of the discussions among the researchers. With this, we conclude that the PAA did not reach all the settlements located in Araras in an egalitarian way and does not fulfill some proposed objectives within its scope. There was no change to a significant organic productive matrix provoked by the access to the program, demonstrating a low effectiveness, just as there was no incorporation of one of the settlements due to lack of structure and disbelief in public institutions and social organization, which characterizes little social cohesion.
Secagem de materiais pastosos e granulares no leito de jorro mecânico e convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-02)
Sousa, Robson Costa de
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Freire, Fábio Bentes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
This study had the objective to assess the behavior of a mechanically spouted bed compared to a conventional spouted bed through attrition of particulate matter, thermal and mass analysis during water evaporation and through the drying of pastes and granular materials. Based on the obtained results, two mathematical models were applied to represent attrition, the CST model and the two-parameter diffusive model to describe the drying of the paste and grains, respectively. Therefore, a stainless steel spouted bed with cylindrical column of 0.95 m of height, 0.30 m of diameter, inferior and superior conical base (60° angle) with 0.30 m of diameter and 0.20 m of height. For the mechanically spouted bed dryer, a helical screw with the following measures was used: outside diameter of 0.01 m, length of 1 m, 0.70 m of spiral with diameter, and pitch of 0.0508 m. The attrition experiments were conducted with dolomite particles, and glass and alumina spheres. With the exception of the glass beads, there was attrition for the other particulate materials in both spouted beds; however, at larger proportions when the conventional set was used. It was also observed that attrition influenced the fluid dynamics of the conventional spouted bed. Of the models used, the one proposed by Gwyn (1969) provided acceptable predictions regarding the results observed in this study. For water evaporation, glass beads of 3.2 mm of diameter were used as inert particles. It was verified that operational variables (velocity, temperature and water flow) had direct influence on temperature and relative and absolute humidity of air at the outlet of the spouted bed. For the drying of pastes, skimmed milk and the glass beads employed in the water evaporation trials were used. The skimmed milk interfered in the circulation of inert particles, causing changes in the dimensionless pressure drop and air humidity at the outlet of the mechanically spouted bed dryer. Relative and absolute humidity as well as the moisture of the powder collected at the outlet of the cyclone were influenced by the operational variables. The results predicted by the CST model presented satisfactory agreement with the majority of results obtained in the skimmed milk drying experiments. When it comes to the drying of alumina spheres, the dimensionless data of grain moisture and of temperature and relative humidity of the fluid phase as a function of time were influenced by the operational conditions. The results predicted by the two-parameter mathematical model reached satisfactory accuracy regarding the observed data and allowed for a qualitative analysis of the drying operation. In general, all results obtained in this study showed behavior which is consistent with what has been observed in the literature.
Inferência em modelos de mistura via algoritmo EM estocástico modificado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-02)
Assis, Raul Caram de
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Milan, Luis Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7435391829973844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0787098516252091
We present the topics and theory of Mixture Models in a context of maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferece. We approach clustering methods in both contexts, with emphasis on the stochastic EM algorithm and the Dirichlet Process Mixture Model. We propose a new method, a modified stochastic EM algorithm, which can be used to estimate the parameters of a mixture model and the number of components.
Caracterização da pecuária leiteira do município de Muriaé, MG: uma reflexão sobre perspectivas futuras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-05)
Vasconcelos, João Marcos Carvalho
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5880919055676173
The objective of this work is to evaluate the current situation of the activity, production base and technological level used by the producers affiliated to the Muriaé Livestock Program, in the following points: characteristics of the properties, productivity, animal nutrition, techniques developed and animal health. The work includes a micro-region of the municipality of Muriaé / MG, 129 producers affiliated to the Muriaé Livestock Program were interviewed, with a semi-structured questionnaire application. The questionnaire included: characteristics of the properties, productive activities, animal nutrition, techniques developed and animal health. Small farms, consumer goods, leased and lending station, main income dairy production, household base labor in most of the properties, non-agricultural activities in the part of the dynamics of the properties, Variation of five species of grasses, breeds European cattle, and the cross between them. The productive process in the properties and directed to the milk production, as well as a herd aptitude, with media production of 113 liters, commercialization in laboratory, cooperative, fair free and informal commerce. Animal nutrition computes in fourteen different food management. The animals of the properties are in the preventive program of diseases and diseases, result obtained by veterinary interaction carried out by the program, as well as the conventional management. A livestock activity of the family producers of Muriaé is with low specialization, its base production is the production of milk, followed by secondary activities without increase of income, as the properties are with the technological deficiency in the use of the maximization of production of milk.
Bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e raízes de alface empregados como biossorventes de íons metálicos em meio aquoso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-05)
Milani, Priscila Aparecida
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Carrilho, Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5147872007117167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2420667904233275
Sugarcane bagasse and hydroponic lettuce roots were used as biosorbents for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) removal from mono and multielement solutions, as well as in lake water, at pH 5.5, in batch processes. These biomasses were studied in natura (lettuce roots, NLR, and sugarcane bagasse, NSB) and chemically modified with HNO3 (lettuce roots, MLR, and sugarcane bagasse, MSB). The results showed that higher adsorption efficiency was achieved with the modified biomass, with the exception of lettuce roots, which also presented similar efficiency when used in natura. The removal experimental quantities (qexp) in monoelement solution, calculated using the Langmuir isothermal model for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) were respectively, 1.22, 1.08, 1.40 and 1.23 mg g-1 in NLR, and 1.69, 1.68, 1.09 and 1.48 mg g-1 in MLR and 0.58, 0.036, 0.40 e 0.24 mg g-1 in NSB, and 1.30, 1.41, 1.55 and 1.02 mg g-1 in MSB. The removal experimental quantities (qexp) in multielement solution containing Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) in multielement solution were 1.28, 1.41, 1.29 and 1.05 mg g-1 in NLR, and 1.30, 1.09, 1.72 e 1.64 mg g-1 in MLR, and 0.47, 0.58, 0.09 and 0.02 mg g-1 in NSB, and 1.30, 1.09, 1.06 and 1.62 mg g-1 in MSB, respectively. We used the isothermal models of Langmuir and Freundlich, however for multielement solutions the adsorption did not conform to the Freundlich isotherm. In the kinetic studies with modified biomasses, sorption was achieved in the first 5 minutes and reached equilibrium in 30 min. The O-H, C-O-C, C-C, C-H, and C=O groups were found in the characterization of the biomass sorption sites by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). In the determination of the biomass surface charges using blue methylene and red amaranth dyes, there was a predominance of negative charges. Modified biomasses were used in the adsorption of Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) in lake water, in which retention of 24.31, 14.50, 8.21, and 8.03 mg g-1 by MLR, and 13.15, 10.50, 5.14 and 6,10 mg g-1 by MSB was found, respectively.
Estudo taxonômico das espécies de Heterospilus Haliday, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Doryctinae) em área de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-06)
Santiago, Diogo Fernandes
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7073246014942522
Taxonomy and systematics are fundamental Sciences for categorization, description of species and how they relate and are distributed throughout the planet. Hymenoptera parasitoids are considered as the major components of the vast majority of terrestrial ecosystems with approximately 20% of all insects, comprising the most common group of the order Hymenoptera. The species of Heterospilus Haliday were captured in the cerrado stricto sensu area at the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Brotas, SP, using Moericke traps for a period of two years, from July 2013 to September 2014. A total of 324 specimens were collected, Doryctinae being the most abundant subfamily, probably to the method of capture used, since most of its hosts are found together in the soil. The total abundance of the collected material was higher in the rainy season, probably due to climatic variation and variation in the availability of food resources. There are nine different species for the group of granulated vertex, eighteen with striated vertex and none with smooth vertex, totaling twenty-seven, representing 6.7% of the total of species described worldwide, which can be considered high compared to what has already been described. The Cerrado, despite being a highly deforested Biome, presented a large number of new species, with the most frequent that with striated vertex
Estudos ecológicos da comunidade planctônica de vinte e cinco ecossistemas aquáticos temporários tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-06)
Passos, Rodrigo Ferroni
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Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4032882355970828
Ecological studies were carried out in twenty-five natural temporary aquatic environments, located in the cities of Urucuia, Lagoa Grande and Pirapora, in the north and northwest of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In each environment, collections were carried out in April 2015, May 2016 and January 2017, during which limnological variables were measured and samples from the phytoplankton (qualitative) and zooplankton (qualitative and quantitative) communities, as well as from sediment, were collected. Experiments were also carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effects of different temperatures and luminosity on the hatching of diapause eggs of zooplankton species present in these environments. In general, the values obtained for the physical and chemical variables of the studied environments were in a favorable range to the development of the phytoplankton community. However the low concentration of chlorophyll a and the low richness of phytoplankton species may be reflections of the low water transparency, and the turbidity may limit the growth of the phytoplankton. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the zooplankton community indicated low species richness in these ponds. Although Rotifera presented a greater richness of taxa, Copepoda Cyclopoida was the most abundant and numerically representative group. The presence or absence of the Anostraca Dendrocephalus brasiliensis does not seem to interfere in the composition and density of the zoplanktonic community. Species richness and local diversity should be related to disturbances and environmental dynamics. The results obtained in the experiment of hatching of zooplankton diapause eggs showed that the different ponds have similar hatching values, and low temperatures (20°C) and absence of light have a negative influence on hatching these eggs. In addition, it was observed that higher temperatures (35°C) accelerated the hatching of the diapause eggs during the first days of incubation. Thus we can infer that, in general, zooplankton community present in all the studied temporary aquatic environments behave in a similar way.
Política externa americana no pós-guerra fria : como se posicionam democratas e republicanos?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-07)
Contrera, Flávio
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8376542572229961
The starting point of this thesis is the understanding of the theoretical perspective of the new institutionalism of the rational choice that the behavior of the parties can be considered an optimal adaptation to an institutional environment. We sought to demonstrate that the American foreign policy was set up after the end of the Cold War as a game (considering one arena) or a set of games (considering multiple arenas), restricted to only two parties, within a space of competition in which they employ centripetal/moderate or centrifugal/ideological strategies in order to obtain political victories. We found that the parties sought both political victories and the manifestation of ideological positions in all arenas. These positions characterized the Democratic Party as center-liberal and the Republican Party as center-conservative in the ideological spectrum of the foreign policy. However, in specific political contexts, the parties have made ideological inflections in order to obtain only victories. These inflections can be explained by variations on the perception of external threat, on the evaluation of the presidential administration, on the degree of control of the Executive over the Legislative, on the composition of the Executive's foreign policy Office, and on the ideological alignment of public opinion. In fact, the parties presented different behaviors in each of the arenas. They were most contentious in the electoral arena than in others. This difference suggests that parties have used seemingly sub-optimal strategies. However, we demonstrate that these strategies rationally express the functions that the parties assume in each of the arenas, being an optimized response to the strategic interaction between them and the political context.
Geometridae (Lepidoptera) e Hymenoptera parasitoides em área de Mata Estacional Semidecídua na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-07)
Geraldo, Mariana
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Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
Larvae of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) were obtained with an entomological umbrella, from October 2013 to September 2015, in two areas of semi-deciduous forest (Mata/Cerradão and Mata) at Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, São Paulo state. The larvae of Geometridae were kept in the laboratory until the adult or parasitoid emergence. Especimens of the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were obtained, from January 2014 to February 2015, with two Malaise traps located in the same local of collection of Geometridae larvae. The material obtained in the Malaise traps was sorted, the individuals of the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were identified in subfamily level and the Microgastrinae, Cheloninae and Rogadinae, Campopleginae and Mesochorinae subfamilies were identified at the genus level. A total of 416 larvae of Geometridae weas collected, 190 in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 226 in the Mata stretch, of which, 52 and 39, respectively, were parasitized. Among the Geometridae, the subfamily Ennominae was represented by individuals of 14 genera (Argyrotome, Glena, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Lomographa, Macaria, Nepheloleuca, Patalene, Phrygionis, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Rhomboptila and Trotopera), the subfamily Larentiinae by four (Eubaphe, Eupithecia, Euphyia and Pterocypha) and the subfamily Sterrhinae by two (Cyclophora and Idaea). A total of 91 larvae of Geometridae, from 11 genera, were obtained parasitized by 198 parasitoids. The parasitoids obtained belong to the families Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae and Diptera. The Malaise traps provided 2720 individuals of the Ichneumonoidea superfamily, of these 1210 are Braconidae and 1510 are Ichneumonidae, in the Mata/Cerradão stretch, and 702 in the Mata stretch, of which 214 individuals of the Braconidae family and 488 individuals of the Ichneumonidae family. Among the Braconidae, the subfamily Microgastrinae was the most abundant, with 44.5% of individuals in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 31.8% in the Mata stretch. Eighteen genera of Microgastrinae were recorded (Alphomelon, Apanteles, Choeras, Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles, Hypomicrogaster, Iconella, Microplitis, Papanteles, Parapanteles, Pholetesor, Prasmodon, Promicrogaster, Protapanteles, Pseudapanteles and Rasivalva), five of Rogadinae (Aleiodes, Choreborogas, Rogas, Stiropius and Yelicones) and four of Cheloninae (Ascogaster, Chelonus, Microchelonus and Phanerotoma). Between the Ichneumonidae collected, 161 individuals were obtained from the subfamily Campopleginae in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 35 in the Mata stretch. The genera of Campopleginae obtained were Campoletis, Campoplex, Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Cymodusa, Diadegma, Dusona, Hyposoter, Microcharops and Venturia.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos para a síntese e caracterização de catalisadores e de biodiesel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-08)
Gonçalves, Alexandra Mary
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
ABO3 basic catalysts were synthesized by the nitrate-b-alanine solution combustion method. The catalysts powders were produced by self-combustion in times up to 5 min, presenting high crystallinity and single-phase, without the calcination step. XRD analyses showed that the produced calcium oxides (CaZrO3 and Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3) presented perovskite structure with the orthorhombic system, whereas a monoclinic structure was observed for Li2ZrO3 oxide, results confirmed with the Rietveld refinement. Different techniques were used to characterize the catalysts, such as MEV-FEG, TPD-CO2, TGA, N2 (BET), ICP OES, MIP-OES, WD-XRF and FT-IR. Different methods of acid decomposition were employed, instead of HF, for elemental analysis of the oxides. Recovery values were observed between 92 and 101%, with low deviations and LOQs. The catalytic activity of the synthesized materials was tested by the reaction of ethyl transesterification with methyl acetate (model reaction). The Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3 was the most active oxide, reaching 92% conversion to ethyl acetate, followed by oxide Li2ZrO3, with 64% conversion. The CaZrO3 had negligible catalytic activity. Reagent tests of Li-containing catalysts indicated average conversion of about 50% up to the 6° recycle. The Li incorporation to zirconate produced changes in the textural and basic properties, resulting in more efficient and promising catalysts for the transesterification. The Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3 was also evaluated in the oil transesterification reaction for biodiesel production, with a yield of 60% m/m under mild reaction conditions (molar ratio 1:12 oil/ethanol and 50 °C for 30 min). Although the metallic ions leaching from the most active materials has been detected, no reaction was observed in the homogeneous phase. A system composed of a rotating packed bed reactor and a microwave oven (RPB + MW) was developed for the continuous flow biodiesel production by the ethylic transesterification instant reaction under heterogeneous catalysis. Total ester content of 19% was obtained with 1 min of product collect time, demonstrating a promising system for the proposed application.
Potencial de resíduos orgânicos na atenuação de contaminação por cobre de solo e água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-08)
Cipoleta, Nathalia Sprovieri
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Addad, João Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356106837787562
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Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468
The aggravation of environmental problems has stimulated discussion about new ways of producing in the field. The term alternative agriculture covers non-conventional agricultural systems, such as natural, ecological, biodynamic, permaculture, biological, organic and agroecological systems. In addition to organic inputs for fertilization and soil conditioners, crops grown in alternative systems also require natural products to combat pests and plant diseases. Heavy metals such as arsenic, cobalt, copper, lead, and zinc, which occur as impurities in these products, can reach undesirable levels and cause contamination of soil, water, and sediments. The Bordeaux mixture is a fungicide composed of hydrated copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O) and quicklime (CaO) and is legalized for use in alternative agricultural systems, but may increase copper (Cu) contents in the soil and affect soil and water quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil and water contamination potential of copper contained in the Bordeaux mixture; ii) to evaluate the retention of Cu in clay soil fertilized with waste and organic conditioners; and iii) estimate the potential for soil and water contamination. Copper contamination potential was evaluated based on a literature review focused on articles, dissertations and theses published, focusing on alternative agricultural production systems. The retention of Cu and its soil and water contamination potential were evaluated by means of a laboratory test using clay tubes filled with clay soil treated with three types of organic materials (Bokashi, coconut fiber, and leonardite) in three doses of Bordeaux mixture. The test lasted 47 days and regular percolate samplings were performed. At the end of the experiment, the content of Cu retained in the soil was determined. Residues and organic conditioners, in all tested doses, retained more than 55% of the applied Cu, even after extraction with strong acid. Bokashi presented the lowest concentration of Cu in the percolate (0.621 mg L-1) and the lowest concentrations retained in the soil, after extraction with weak acid (68.4% in the lowest dose) and with strong acid (59.9% in the highest dose ). Leonardite showed the highest concentration of Cu in the percolate (1.4% in the highest dose) and the highest concentrations retained in the soil, after extraction with weak acid (98.2% in the medium dose) and with strong acid (94.1% in the lowest dose). It is concluded that leonardite, a material rich in humic substances, has high Cu adsorption capacity and may be useful in organic production systems to mitigate contamination of soils and water with Cu.
Na arena discursiva : uma análise dos debates eleitorais presidenciais brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-09)
Pires, Livia Maria Falconi
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4769798375720121
The electoral television debate is configured as an arena for the discursive clash, to the extent that it is a space that promotes dialogue between candidates, functioning as another "platform" of public speaking. Despite its strongly, carefully construction, evidenced in the architecture of this electoral mise-en-scène, it is in the televised debate that candidates expose themselves and more directly speak to voters. Due to the audiovisual apparatus, we cannot dissociate the verb from the body that, in actuality, is essential to politics, especially at the time of electoral campaign; therefore, the presidential election debate is an empowering apparatus for the interlacing of verb and image. For this work, therefore, we will present an analysis of the electoral political subject's constitution along with the mutations of the televised debate genus, taking on the second round debates of presidential elections, from the re-democratization (1989) to the present (2014), and focusing on categories like "the architecture of debate", "the face", "the silhouette" and "the verb". To this end, we will be guided by reflections on the studies of Discourse Analysis, which take into account the syncretic wording in its historical density, as well as the studies on public speech, supporting ourselves by the contributions of J.-J. Courtine and the works of M. Foucault, thus focusing on the importance of discourse studies in conjunction with History, seen in its discontinuities.
A cor da advocacia em Salvador: uma análise do perfil racial da advocacia privada na capital baiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-09)
Santos, Marcelo Rocha dos
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Oliveira, Fabiana Luci de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9487149052862292
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8531700674853605
This paper aims to analyze the insertion of black professionals in the legal market, with emphasis on private advocacy, in the city of Salvador - Bahia. The interest is to verify, about a decade after the implementation of affirmative action in higher education, as is the professional field of Law, and how is the black presence in this field of training and professional performance. In the scope of formation, two higher education institutions, UFBA (Federal University of Bahia) and UCSAL (Catholic University of Salvador), selected based on their tradition in the teaching of Law, are the two oldest in the state of Bahia, and also due to the high performance of these universities in ENADE and the OAB Exam. Initially, we sought to analyze the enrollment of black students in these two universities, covering the period between 2003 and 2016. We then analyze the insertion of black professionals in the corporate market and large law firms in the city of Salvador, observing the most prestigious offices in the city, Selected based on the magazine Análise Advocacia 500. The theoretical framework that informs the research is the Sociology of Race Relations, anchored in the conception of race as a social construct, as proposed by Guimarães (1999), and in the dialogue with the Sociology of Professions, Based on the theoretical contributions of Eliot Freidson (2001), and Bonelli research (2002, 2008, 2013). In terms of method, we use secondary quantitative data (Inep data) and the generation of primary qualitative data, based on the iconographic analysis of the websites of the largest offices in Salvador, based on the publication Análise Advocacia 500, as well as in the publication itself , As well as semi-structured interviews with UFBA and UCSAL Law Teachers (in the area of education) and black lawyers and attorneys (in the market), seeking to understand their perceptions about racial relations in the market of soteropolitan law. Our main conclusion is that affirmative action policies have promoted the democratization of access to the teaching of law in Salvador, forming a large number of black lawyers, but the absorption of these professionals by the private law market still finds racial barriers, which make it impossible to access them. To the large offices in Salvador.
Mixotrophy in Chlorella sorokiniana : physiology, biotechnological potential and ecotoxicology
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-09)
Marchello, Adriano Evandir
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7882503178913936
In aquatic environments, phytoplankton consists mostly of photosynthetic microorganisms that serve as the basis of food chains. However, besides photoautotrophy, it is widely reported in the literature that many microalgae can take up dissolved organic matter present in the environment concomitantly with the photosynthesis, a metabolic pathway known as mixotrophy. Little is known about the ecophysiology of mixotrophy in microalgae, and almost all studies are focused on the use of this metabolic pathway to increase the production of algal biomass and stimulate the production of specific biomolecules. Another important issue, considering the current anthropic activity, is that most of the contaminants eliminated in aquatic environments, such as metals and nanoparticles, affect the phytoplankton. However, so far, no ecotoxicological study involving mixotrophic metabolism was found in the literature. To better understand mixotrophy in microalgae, this work chose the chlorophycean freshwater Chlorella sorokiniana as test organism. We divided the study into two parts: the first focused on the physiological/biotechnological interest through the study of growth, photosynthetic parameters, changes in cellular volume, and production of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids); the second part focused on the ecotoxicological effects of cadmium (Cd) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs-TiO2). To stimulate mixotrophy, glucose (1.0 g.L-1 or 5 x 10-3 mol.L-1) was used as the organic carbon source. The results showed that during mixotrophy, the microalga C. sorokiniana presented higher population growth and production of biomolecules, such as chlorophyll a and lipids, when compared to photoautotrophic cultures. It was also observed that the photosynthetic parameters were affected by mixotrophy, although they did not interfere in the growth of the microalga, and that the presence of bacteria in the cultures acted as a stimulant factor in the production of algal biomass. Regarding the ecotoxicological effects of contaminants, microalgae in mixotrophy were more resistant to both Cd and NPs-TiO2 than those in photoautotrophy, but with changes in the biochemical composition what can affected the energy transfer in the environment. In general, we can conclude that mixotrophy should be considered in studies with phytoplankton, since aquatic environments present a myriad of organic carbon that can be used by these microorganisms. As general conclusions, we can mention that organic carbon acted as an extra source of structural carbon and energy for microalgae, not necessarily relying solely on photosynthesis to survive, so stimulating the growth and production of biomolecules of biotechnological interest, and increased cellular viability in environments contaminated with metals and nanoparticles. This study is a contribution to the understanding of mixotrophy and photoautotrophy metabolisms in a freshwater Chlorophyta with biotechnological potential.