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Hegel intérprete de Aristóteles : a questão teleológica na filosofia da história hegeliana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-30) França, Lincoln Menezes de; Baioni, José Eduardo Marques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6566744119224225
For G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), the historical deployments demonstrate as a whole a progression in the recognition of the Self of the Spirit and the knowledge of freedom, which enables the philosophy of history to verify the effectiveness of reason in the world and the progressive achievement of the absolute ultimate End purpose. As Hegel considers that the conception of purpose is the main determination that arrives at us from the Aristotelian philosophy, the central objective of this thesis is to understand the role of the Aristotelian philosophy of the history of Hegel. The singularity of the Hegelian teleological conception is characterized by resorting to Aristotelian philosophy as a necessary moment for Hegel's reaction to Kantian and post-Kantian idealism, providing greater clarity about Hegel's understanding of the teleological question in history and its relation to its conception of the history of philosophy according to its own conceptual heritage. The analytical starting point of this thesis is the Phenomenology of the Spirit, a work in which Hegel develops the introduction to his philosophical system and also presents a peculiar teleological perspective, which is systematically exposed later in the texts of the Science of Logic and the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences. These works of systematic character has a central importance for the understanding of the teleological question in the Lectures on the Philosophy of History, since they are deployments of their own philosophical system. In the Lectures on the History of Philosophy there is a more detailed exposition of Aristotelian philosophy and the teleological question. However, the philosophical problems faced by Hegel are specific to his time, which implies conceptual peculiarities concerning teleology in the Hegelian system and, consequently, in the Philosophy of History. In addition, Hegel has a very specific conception of the interpretation of the history of philosophy, linked to the systematic notion of the development of the Spirit. In this sense, by accepting a conceptual heritage in relation to Aristotelian teleology, Hegel searches one more internal coherence for his own systematic conception of the history of philosophy, in other words, one conception where there is a progression of the Spirit from which Aristotle and the other philosophers were part of it, rather than a philosophical fidelity or a strict conceptual affiliation to Aristotle.
Avaliação do papel da amídala na antinocicepção induzida pelo medo : análises comportamental, imunoistoquímica e farmacológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-30) Sorregotti, Tatiani; Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2475842684688693; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9354501882831474
Exposure of rodents to an open elevated plus maze (oEPM, an EPM with all four open arms) elicits antinociceptive responses, high level of plasma corticosterone and defensive behaviors. However, very little is known about the neural substrates and neurotransmitters that modulate the antinociceptive responses and the defensive behavior of oEPM-exposed animals. It is known that the amygdala plays an important role in the modulation of defensive behavior and pain responses. Accordingly, the Experiment 1 investigated the effects of chemical inactivation of the amygdala [through local injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2: a nonspecific synaptic blocker)] on the nociception of mice injected formalin into the right hind paw (nociceptive test) and on the defensive behavior of oEPM-exposed mice. Results showed that the amygdala inactivation induced an antinociceptive response in mice injected formalin into the right hind paw when exposed to the glass-cage (safe situation). However, the antinociceptive response was not altered when mice were exposed to the oEPM (aversive situation). In addition, the mice amygdala inactivation reduced the time spent in the proximal area of the arms as well as the frequency of stretched attend postures (SAP), and increased time spent in the arm ends and the head-dipping frequency, suggesting an anxiolytic-like effect. Experiment 2 assessed the pattern of activation of the basolateral (BLA) and central (CeA) nuclei of the amygdala through quantification of Fos protein expression in mice exposed to the oEPM (aversive situation) or injected with formalin into the right hind paw. Fos-positive labeled cells were bilaterally increased in the amygdaloid complex, particularly in the BLA, compared to the control groups. Whereas the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a role in the modulatory system of defensive and antinociceptive responses to aversive situations, the Experiment 3 investigated the effects of intra-amygdala microinjections of CRF1 antagonist (CP376395) on these responses on mice exposed to the oEPM. Results showed that the antinociceptive and defensive responses did not change by the blocked of CRF1 in the amygdala. These results are suggestive that the amygdala (in particular, its BLA nucleus) plays a role in the modulation of nociceptive response induced by formalin test and in the modulation of defensive behaviors in oEPM-exposed mice.
Percepção de serviços ecossistêmicos por agricultores familiares em transição agroecológica e sua contribuição para a conservação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-30) Kadry, Vívian Oliveira; Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8875742857678460
Knowing the perception of ecosystem services is a tool in establishing actions for the conservation of ecosystems. Especially in areas covered by the Atlantic Forest such as Ubatuba-SP, where communities use these services generated by nature. This study evaluated the perception of ecosystem services of 20 farmers that are in transition to ecologically-based farming practices in Ubatuba. Semi-structured interviews were used to identify witch services were perceived by the farmers. The responses were classified according to the functions of regulation, habitat, production and information. Then was calculated the Ecosystem Perception Consolidation Index (ICPE). In general there was low perception of the ecosystem services, and regulation and information functions got higher ICPE. There was dissociation of the relation between forest and agricultural production, because the services generated by the habitat function were perceived only by 30% of the farmers. The results showed the need to incorporate an integrated technical assistance linking extension and conservation agencies. Therefore, rescuing cultural values alongside modern technologies, farmers can contribute more significantly to the conservation of the local Atlantic Forest.
Influência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares como promotores de crescimento de porta-enxertos de citros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-30) Miranda, Priscila Batista; Mello, Andrea Hentz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5704584745306992; Kupper, Katia Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900622063392740; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3020250840125516
Plant growth promoting microorganisms have been widely used in agriculture. As an example, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which associate with the roots of plants and help them in the better absorption of nutrients and water, have been widely used as biological input in several studies. However, their use is mostly associated with phosphorus addition, and it is also important to carry out studies evaluating the isolated effect of these microorganisms and the dependence of the plants on them. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of the mycorrhizal association of Glomus clarum and G. etunicatum on the initial growth of rootstocks: Rangpur lime, Swingle Citrumelo and Tangerine Sunki. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, with 5 replications, corresponding to 3 rootstocks, 4 managements (mineral fertilization, inoculation with G. clarum or G. etunicatum and control). The inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and fertilization with P were performed simultaneously and before the sowing, respectively. In addition, after germination, N and micronutrients were applied by the irrigation water. The following parameters were evaluated: height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry mass, colonization and mycorrhizal dependence and the macro and micronutrients content from shoots. There was a significant interaction between the rootstocks and treatments applied in this study for most of the evaluated variables. The highest values of height, leaf number and dry mass of the aerial part were provided by the mineral fertilization management. Rangpur lime and Swingle Citrumelo obtained higher height. The largest diameter of the stem was reached by Swingle Citrumelo and the management that provided the largest diameter was inoculation with G. etunicatum. Rangpur lime presented moderate mycorrhizal dependence for G. clarum and marginal for G. etunicatum, while the other rootstocks present marginal dependence on the two microorganisms. There was a low percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in the rootstocks. There was a significant interaction between the rootstocks and the applied managements, and mineral fertilization provided higher levels of N, P, Ca and S to the plants. Regarding the micronutrients, mineral fertilization also excelled in the absorption of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. G. clarum presented values of Cu, Mn and Zn higher than the control. However, considering all the evaluated parameters, the management through the use of mycorrhizal fungi was not satisfactory, the best result was obtained with mineral fertilization, such effect can be justified by the high content of P in the substrate, which can be affected the efficiency of mycorrhization.