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Abordagens de otimização para apoiar a elaboração e análise de roteiros turísticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-13) Silva, Admilson Alcantara da; Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9202201560058916; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7243812527134395
Considering the tourism policies and their effects in touristic routes, it is important to consider the context in which those routes formed during the development of these itineraries and to take into account similar characteristics of locations and municipalities. In this view, the touristic routes could encourage the discovery of new tourism regions to benefit the local communities, visitors and all organizations directly involved in touristic activity. In this work, we propose a new method based on mathematical programming to support the elaboration and formatting of touristic itineraries considering variables such as profile of visitors, planning of the trip, visitor preferences and nature attractive. Other parameters are also considered such as costs, distances, equipment valuation (museums, churches, fairs and others), services provided to tourists. We also regard several regions available for visits, the various segments of tourism, the various tourists profile and the variation cost/time throughout the seasons/periods of the year. In this proposed method, we apply mathematical models and optimization techniques to maximize the customer´s satisfaction and minimize the costs involved on the touristic routes. To evaluate the potential of the proposed method in practice, it applied in a case study to build routes in the touristic sights of the City of Belém, State of Pará. For the problems modelling and optimization, we used approaches based on the Prize-Collecting Traveling Salesman Problem (PCTSP) and the Traveling Salesman Problem with Priority Prizes (TSPPP) in order to represent appropriately the problem. We are not aware of other works in literature that studied and proposed optimization methods of touristic routes in this research line. In this study, we applied some statistical techniques for the preparation and analysis of data, such as correspondence analysis type and other important techniques to definition and evaluation of the problem and preparation of parameters required by the optimization models. The results showed how the routes could be optimized highlighting the potential of the proposed method to reduce operating costs as well as to maximize the level of the valuation of services offered to tourists. They also contribute to the strengthening of the regional identity and can help to consolidate more satisfactory and competitive tourist itineraries in the tourism market, as well as the expansion and diversification of tourism.
Métodos de categorização de variáveis preditoras em modelos de regressão para variáveis binárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-13) Silva, Diego Mattozo Bernardes da; Pereira, Gustavo Henrique de Araujo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4536501674241631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5148139200509403
Regression models for binary response variables are very common in several areas of knowledge. The most used model in these situations is the logistic regression model, which assumes that the logit of the probability of a certain event is a linear function of the predictors variables. When this assumption is not reasonable, it is common to make some changes in the model, such as: transformation of predictor variables and/or add quadratic or cubic terms to the model. The problem with this approach is that it hinders parameter interpretation, and in some areas it is fundamental to interpret the parameters. Thus, a common approach is to categorize the quantitative covariates. This work aims to propose two new classes of categorization methods for continuous variables in binary regression models. The first class of methods is univariate and seeks to maximize the association between the response variable and the categorized covariate using measures of association for qualitative variables. The second class of methods is multivariate and incorporates the predictor variables correlation structure through the joint categorization of all covariates. To evaluate the performance, we applied the proposed methods and four existing categorization methods in 3 credit scoring databases and in two simulated cenarios. The results in the real databases suggest that the proposed univariate class of categorization methods performs better than the existing methods when we compare the predictive power of the logistic regression model. The results in the simulated databases suggest that both proposed classes perform better than the existing methods. Regarding computational performance, the multivariate method is inferior and the univariate method is superior to the existing methods.
O programa CATAFORTE e o trabalho dos catadores de recicláveis : as ambivalências da economia solidária no limiar da precarização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-13) Andrade, Marconi Tabosa de; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3209801564397878
The object of this thesis is the work of the collector of recyclable materials, in the context of the institutional changes that had as a milestone the approval of the Solid Waste Law (12.305/2010). The experiences of collective organization of the collectors, inserted in the broader movement of the Solidary Economy, were covered by public policies that aimed at its consolidation, as a strategy of creation of work and income. Within the framework of these public policies, the CATAFORTE program aimed to materially structure and professionally train collectors organized in cooperatives and production networks to be included in the Municipal Plans for Integrated Solid Waste Management, as provided for in the National Policy on Solid Waste. We follow the action of CATAFORTE, observing two networks of cooperatives, one in Maceió and another in Campinas, in a comparative perspective. The intention was to verify if, in this process, the insertion of the collectors would take place in the configuration of precarious work or if the objectives of the Solidary Economy would be fulfilled, of positive insertion in work regimes capable of providing income and dignified conditions. We focus attention on income, access to rights linked to the world of work and management of enterprises. The impact of CATAFORTE was different in the cases observed, resulting in the consolidation of economic sustainability and access to labor rights in one case, and in the absence of these elements, in another. Successful experience points to the possibility that collector cooperatives may be able to generate sufficient income to remove its co-workers from the poverty situation. Regarding management, both experiences demonstrate hybridity between elements of hetero-management and self-management, with hierarchical organization based on consensus. Another aspect that distinguishes them from typical capitalist enterprises is their participation in the municipal political sphere, with expression of the demands in the field of labor.