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Efeitos do pensar sobre o passado : pensamentos contrafactuais de estudantes universitários com e sem indicativos de depressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-07-28) Faccioli, Juliana Sarantopoulos; Schelini, Patrícia Waltz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0106802523076912
Counterfactual thinking is a type of imaginative thought, usually characterized by “What if” thoughts, in other words, hypothetical alternatives to reality, commonly spontaneously elaborated by negative or unexpected events. There are some functions of counterfactual thinking that are important for adaptation, such as re-elaboration about everyday life. Some researche indicate that the function of this type of thought can be a handicap. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare counterfactual thinking of undergraduates with and without signs of depression, to verify if there is any difference in the way they think about alternatives to reality and (2) verify what kinds of activities to generate counterfactual thinking are most effective. Participants were 145 undergraduates, with an average age of 22,1 years. For the comparison sample, the students were divided in two groups, according to their scores on the Beck Depression Inventory: people without signs of depression (less than 8 points) and people with signs of depression (more than 12 points). Participants answered identification questions, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Counterfactual Thought Evaluation Technique (including a self-report measure and three stories). Participants answers was categorized by content analysis and the frequency of each category was compared using between groups t-Test. Participants with signs of depression wrote more self-reports about affective relationship and participants without signs of depression wrote more self reports about academic situations. In general, the style of counterfactual thinking showed few statistical differences between groups. Counterfactual self-reports presented the greatest differences, and indicate that people with signs of depression tended to elaborate more counterfactual thinking than people without signs of depression, when they reflected on their situations. For the self-report, counterfactual thinking was, in general, categorized as upward, additive, self referent and based on an action/inaction. For the three stories, there was no difference between the styles of counterfactual thinking between the two groups and their responses were categorized as mostly upward, subtractive, self referent and based on an action/inaction. Only the story with a positive outcome led to more downward counterfactual thinking. From this research, concludes that people with indicative of depression tend to generate more counterfactual thoughts than people without indicative of depression, especially when they think about self-report and stories with negative outcomes. The style of counterfactual thinking described by both groups presented the same pattern, which indicates that the style of counterfactual thinking may not be related to maintenance or development of depressive symptoms.
Síntese em batelada ou fluxo contínuo de compostos N- e O-heterocíclicos e avaliação da atividade inibitória frente a enzima acetilcolinesterase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-07-28) Monteiro, Júlia Lammoglia; Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1959974228230652
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently the most common type of dementia, characterized by a progressive loss of memory and deterioration of cognitive functions. Most approved drugs for AD treatment are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (AChEI), mainly responsible for reduced rates of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in the synaptic process. In this context, organic synthesis, specially the synthesis of heterocycle compounds, plays a key role in drug discovery, since these compounds are related to a broad spectrum of biological activity. In the last decades, the use of continuous flow reactors in organic synthesis stands out as an important tool for developing safer, more efficient and sustainable methodologies. This thesis is focused on the synthesis of coumarins, hydantoins, indoles and pyrroles derivatives, aiming to obtaining potential AChE inhibitors. When possible, the synthesis of such compounds was conducted employing alternative methodologies based on green chemistry concepts, aiming to decrease the synthetic steps, use alternative energy sources, e.g. microwave reactors, substitute toxic solvents or even apply solvent-free protocols, and use continuous flow reactors. Initially, a new method was developed for the one-pot synthesis of high structural complexity piperidinocoumarins in good yields and selectivities, trough asymmetric organocatalysis followed by an Ugi-Smiles type reaction. One alternative route was also employed for the synthesis of reduced hydantoins over tree steps, starting from asymmetric aziridines. Also regarding the hydantoin’s synthesis, it was developed a continuous flow protocol of the Bucherer-Bergs reaction to afford 5- and 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins faster, safer, and more efficient when compared to the conventional methodology. Finally, we developed a protocol for the trifluoromethylation of indoles and pyroles under continuous flow conditions, based on the Minisci reaction, using perfluor halides as starting material. Aiming to collaborate with the structureactivity studies of the coumarins against AChE, hydantoin-coumarin hybrids were synthesized. All compounds were evaluated against AChE and showed low to moderate enzymatic activity.
Estudo da interação de campos eletromagnéticos na faixa de micro-ondas e luz visível na cultura de Rúcula (Eruca sativa) : desenvolvimento de dispositivo para a otimização da olericultura baseado na incidência da luz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-07-28) Alvares, Adriano de Souza; Trevelin, Luis Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736; Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0734593128098221
Faced with the increase in vegetable production in Brazil to 16 million tons and the collection of 8 billion reais in 2016, studies have begun on both planting and vegetables. Information from the market of vegetables shows that lettuce is the most consumed herbaceous in the country; However the consumption of arugula has been growing over the years and is currently a strong competitor of lettuce both in consumption and in terms of economic attractiveness.Due to this growing interest in recent years, in this study we analyze the interactions - and the effects - of electromagnetic waves in the visible light range and microwaves in the production of arugula. Through the obtained results, we developed a device that guarantees the correct color (wavelength) and light tonality to optimize the germination - and therefore the production - of the arugula.The analized samples were treated with light from light emitting diode (LED) sources at wavelengths of the visible spectrum at frequencies corresponding to red, green and blue colors and still with electromagnetic radiation in the range of micro (0.3 to 300 GHz) specifically at the 2.4 GHz frequency. These treatments were performed with the 8h LED setting, 8h of solar clarity and 8h night, while the 2.4 GHz treatment remained irradiated for 24h, receiving 12h of solar clarity and 12h night. Control samples were submitted to 12h of solar clarity and 12h night. All samples were treated for 7 days.The biometric measurements (leaf size, aerial part and root), fresh mass, dry weight and humidity percentage, chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid measurements and quantification of macro and micronutrients as Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na) and Zinc (Zn).The results shows that red LED light obtained better results in biometric characteristics, wet mass and macro and micronutrient values than indicated by ANVISA through the IDR (Recommended Daily Intake) index.The low-cost device developed, proved to be important for identifying and aiding in the parameterization of light through the appropriate use of each color and tonality of the electromagnetic radiation used, thus promoting different responses in the culture. The intellectual protection of this device with the INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property) has already been initiated through the Innovation Agency of UFSCar.The results obtained in this work with the red LED will allows the extension of this project to more sophisticated studies involving the concept of quantum coherence, as recently pointed out in a study published in the Nature journal.