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Visualização, caracterização e manipulação de paredes de domínios em filmes finos ferroelétricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-10) Gonçalves, André Marino; Eiras, José Antônio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6653223814715498; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0563057979926309
In this work, conductivity in ferroelectric domain walls, in materials whose domains are insulating, was investigated at the nanoscale using a combination of techniques based on atomic force microscopy. Polycrystalline and epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 tetragonal thin films were synthesized by different routes, with crystallization after deposition (ex-situ) and during deposition (in-situ). The manipulation of the domain structures and properties of the walls was explored, from the synthesis parameters, aiming the obtaining, optimization and manipulation of the conductivity in walls of ferroelectric domains. In polycrystalline films, complex domains composed of 180° and 90° walls were obtained. The reorientation of the polarization by the application of localized electric field, using the AFM tip, revealed substantially different responses in thin films with different thicknesses and grain sizes. Through the epitaxial growth path, films oriented in the [001] direction with monodomain structure and, with multidomain structure with walls of 90 °, were obtained by changing the epitaxial strain exerted on the film, using different substrates. With the application of localized electric field using the AFM tip, it was demonstrated the possibility of creation/destruction, with a certain level of control, of both 180° and 90° walls. The investigation of the local conductivity revealed that, in both the epitaxial and the polycrystalline films, the 90° walls are more conductive than the 180° walls, related to the greater deviation of the electroneutrality position, imposed by the mechanical restrictions on the 90° walls. It was also observed that, using oxides, the conductivity is stable, whereas with metal electrodes there is a decay of the current over time, possibly related to the trapping of carriers due to oxygen vacancies accumulated in the film/metal electrode interface. Finally, the processing route was also decisive in the electrical properties. Better electrical responses were obtained in films crystallized during the deposition than in films crystallized after the deposition. The observed differences are possibly related to the quality of the interface obtained by the different routes.
A constituição profissional do professor em início de carreira: percepções dos egressos dos cursos de licenciatura da UFSCar- Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-10) Dessotti, Elise; Gama, Renata Prenstteter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8821776329203903
The present work has the objective to describe and understand the professional constitution of graduated students from teaching courses of UFSCar campus Sorocaba. The methodology is qualitative and interpretative, it has used as instruments to build the data a survey with the graduated students and semi-structured interviews with graduated students that became teachers in order to deepen the data. To understand the context of the research it has been done a documental analyses of the Political Pedagogical Project, the curricular matrixes and the general and specific curricular guidelines of each course. The first step of the building data was the application of a survey to all the graduated students of the teaching courses (Full time and nocturnal Biology, Geography, Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics) to create and analyze it has been used as categories three moments from teaching formation: initial formation, career beginning and continuous training (PACHECO; FLORES, 1999). The second step of the data building was the interviews with one graduated student from each course and to analyze were used the theoretical bases about teaching formation which involves initial and continuous training (PACHECO; FLORES, 1999; VAILLANT; MARCELO, 2012) the career beginning and its sustainability (HUBERMAN, 1997; MARCELO; VAILLANT, 2012; GUARNIERI, 2005. LIMA, 2006; HARGREAVES, 1998; FULLAN; HARGREAVES, 2000) and about professional identity (HALL, 2015; DUBAR, 2009) The main results highlighted that the graduated students feel secure about the specific contents and acknowledge that the professional constitution is a complex process, that it may gain contribution if university and school establish associations to diminish the distance from the institutions and between the theoretical-academic contents and practical. In relation to the career beginning and its sustainability the graduated students describe difficulties with the responsibilities and the conditions of the teacher work and the confrontation of the “real shock” (HUBERMAN, 1997); despite the difficulties, they keep themselves in the career because they find themselves in the students´ relationship and they like the profession. The professional identity is build along the lived experiences, but, they must deal with an identity crises (HALL, 2015) because the expectations from the scholar community are not the same as their own. They highlight the initial formation has a huge contribution to the career beginning and the professional constitution, but even bigger is the contribution from the school.
A gestão por competências em Universidades Federais : um estudo comparado na perspectiva do campo CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-10) Perseguino, Silvana Aparecida; Pedro, Wilson José Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8135701448186851; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7708875177512113
Considering the social commitment played by the federal universities, as producers of new knowledge, and the training of qualified professionals and researchers able to contribute to the development of the society, this research develop a critical analysis, following the spectrum of the field of studies Science, Technology and Society (STS), regarding the parameters detailed in the Decree no. 5.707, from 2006/02/23, which established the National Policy for Human Resources Development, encouraging the paradigm of competences within the public sector, and some of the implications for the federal universities. The specific objectives are: 1) to draw the panorama regarding implementation of the management by competences model within the federal universities from the perspective of the Human Resources Management area; 2) To develop a comparative study between two institutions located in the State of São Paulo, in order to identify the institutional specificities, structure and parameters adopted by the people management area in its management model; 3) to suggest guidelines for the model of management by competences in universities based on the social commitment approach. The qualitative-quantitative methodology combines exploratory/descriptive and empirical research, following the literature review, survey and case studies, using content analysis to analyze the results. The results seem to demonstrate that the adoption of the management by competences in the context of federal universities is not consolidated and there are challenges to be faced that may contemplate the complexity of the environment of these institutions. It was also possible to identify that the field of STS studies can contribute to construct guidelines that consider the complexity of both, the model and the universe of the federal higher education institutions in general.
Ética e ontologia em Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-10) Vieira, Marcelo Marcos Barbosa; Silva, Franklin Leopoldo e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705628195902884; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316324326130024
L’investigation de la liberté qui inaugure la philosophie de Bergson est, elle aussi, l’origine d’une nouvelle conception sur l'existence. Définie comme source de création, la durée interne de la conscience qui émerge dans l’acte libre constitue l’expérience à partir de laquelle d’autres dimensions de la réalité seront abordées. Nous cherchons, alors, approfondir les rapports entre l’éthique et l’ontologie présents dans la philosophie de la durée, en ayant comme référence les trois niveaux de conscience travaillés par Bergson : conscience humaine, conscience vitale et conscience mystique.