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Contribuição da ergonomia da atividade no uso de artefatos na colheita manual de laranja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-18) Costa-Belussi, Simone Emmanuelle Alves; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8806699748610507
The International Labor Organization (ILO) presents rural labor as significantly more dangerous than other activities and estimates that millions of farmworkers suffer serious health problems. The challenge of Ergonomics is even greater in the agricultural universe when supporting worker’s well-being and productivity, due to the considerable variability of situations encountered and organizational relationships. It was observed a lack of studies regarding working conditions related to the use of artifacts in manual orange harvesting, even more noteworthy in a market of great economic importance both in Brazil and the world. From a qualitative analysis, were explored the relationships between the development of manual harvesting activity and the design of artifacts in real situation of use. As methodological reference was used the approach of activity analysis, aiming to acquire knowledge, from the case study, on the different operative modes and the variabilities present in the environment, the changes made in the artifacts and the artifact transformation into an instrument, associated to the regulatory process. The research recommends design features for the construction of manual orange harvesting artifacts, embracing the vision of continuous design, highlighting the worker’s logic of skills development and artifacts’ appropriation as a way of reducing physical demand and achieving higher productivity on the journey. This study also made possible to broaden the debate about ergonomics contribution to innovation and knowledge transfer in the artifacts work design in agricultural sector.
A atividade de linguagem nos deslocamentos enunciativos temporais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-18) Onofre, Stéfano Grizzo; Onofre, Marilia Blundi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7054502406292879
Ce travail de recherche est né de la lecture et de l’analyse d’un corpus composé par 154 textes de « vestibular ». Dans l’ensemble de ces compositions nous identifions un mécanisme d’énonciation nommé « desréférenciation » énonciative. Le choix de cette thématique, créé à partir de l’observation empirique, a été motivé par la Théorie des Operations Enonciative, qui défend l’articulation entre le langage et les langues naturelles. A partir du rapport entre la théorie et l’analyse linguistique, nous défendrons l’hypothèse que les discussions théoriques proposées par la TOE nous permettent créer des explications métalinguistiques de l’usage du déréférencement des temps verbaux dans les textes de « vestibular ». Ainsi, nous proposons une analyse linguistique des plans énonciatifs dans les textes de « vestibular », ce que nous apporte des contributions, dans la perspectif culiolienne, pour penser la production et l’interprétation des textes. Notre objectif est utiliser le métalangage culiolianne pour expliquer dans quel mesure l’emploi des temps verbaux influe dans la construction argumentative d’un texte. Dans ce sens, nous voulons mettre en évidence les parcours nécessaire pour l’stabilisation des plans énonciatifs temporels de façon à aider le professeur/chercheur à aborder les évènements de visualisation difficile quand on ne peut pas considérer la prédication comme un processus dynamique et articulé à l’énonciation. Nous explorons linguistiquement les plans temporels dans les textes de « vestibular », principalement ceux dont l’argumentation peut être améliorée ou repensée. En effet, dans ce travail de recherche, nous souhaitons penser à des formes diverses de discuter le texte de « vestibular » et établir des hypothèses par rapport les motifs dont un choix lexique grammatical peut être inadéquat du point de vue de la constitution des plans énonciatifs. Par le biais de notre réflexion, nous concluons que les opérations de localisation sont fondamentales pour constater et analyser les évènements sélectionnés et que les mécanismes énonciatifs observés ne se laissent pas catégorisés facilement.
Histórias de vida e saberes de professores de educação física que atuaram nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental nas décadas de 1980 e 1990
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-18) Costa, Catia Silvana da; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857947314718836
Based on the oral narratives of Antônio Carlos, Romilda Augusta and Dinalva Aparecida, retired Physical Education teachers, in this PhD research, we analyze their life histories in the construction of the teaching knowledge in the context of the initial years of Elementary School of the state education network in the 1980s and 1990s. We chose life histories as a qualitative research, with the use of in-depth and open interviews and documentary analysis. We explain the search and selection process, the profiles of the participants and the process of construction of the analysis themes. The themes - related to the teaching knowledge that emerged from the extracurricular, school, training and professional trajectories of teachers - also settled on the data themselves and made real the possibility of apprehending several stories in the same history of life. In order to develop the aforementioned objective, themes and data analysis, we will discuss life histories, teacher knowledge and identity, teaching learning, reflection possibilities based on life histories and the context of formation - based on a curricular model "traditional-sports" - of teachers in Santo André and Bauru and of professional performance in several schools of public and private education networks in the State of São Paulo. The influence of some tendencies and the technization of Physical Education, the dependence between the reminiscences of the different trajectories of the teachers and the family, social, scholastic, religious and professional relations of each one of them and the focus in the first moment of the History of Physical Education in the State of São Paulo, where his classes were taught by a specialist teacher in the initial years, were also, among others, the object of these dialogues. We have identified in the teachers' stories knowledge from their own trajectories, we have understood the influences of the various moments and contexts of formation and work they have lived in the construction of their knowledge, we have established relationships between these knowledge, the formation received and the personal aspects of the teachers , and between training, the purposes of teaching Physical Education in the 1980s and 1990s and the characteristics of the students of the early years. The identified elements - with consideration for the time and space of training and professional performance of the participants - evidenced the process of building their knowledge throughout their life and profession trajectories, indicated successes and difficulties in their actions and contributed to reflect on the guidelines that we systematize for the initial training courses in Physical Education and, therefore, for the public policies of teacher training. As final considerations, we affirm that the life histories of the teachers indicated elements that contribute to reflect on the professional practice of teaching in Physical Education in the initial years, through the purposes of teaching, the characteristics of the students and the training gaps. These elements should therefore be considered and guaranteed in teacher training in order to meet the demands of the profession and to stimulate new studies based on this type of approach, on successful trajectories and teachers.
Modelo e ferramenta para reconhecimento e classificação de gestos do corpo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-18) Brasil, Gustavo Jordan Castro; Trevelin, Luis Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6788628362546580
Multimodal interfaces are becoming more popular, and increasingly require natural interaction as a resource to enrich the user experience. Computational systems that support multimodality provide a more natural and flexible way to perform tasks on computers, since they allow users with different levels of skills and knowledge to choose the mode of interaction best suited to their needs. Among natural forms of interaction are the gestures, the natural interaction through gestures is becoming more popular, since it's an alternative to the conventional style of interaction based on keyboard and mouse, and also by the growth and advent of motion capture devices, with low-cost visual depth sensors. In this context, this dissertation presents a study about all the necessary steps for the construction of a model and tool for the recognition of static and dynamic gestures, these being: Segmentation; Modeling; Description; and Classification. Proposed solutions and results are presented for each of these steps and, finally, a tool that implements the model is evaluated in the recognition of gestures, using a finite set of gestures. All the solutions presented in this dissertation were encapsulated in the GGGesture tool, which aims to simplify research in the area of gesture recognition, allowing communication with multimodal interfaces systems and natural interfaces.