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Estudo da quiropterofauna (Chiroptera; Mammalia) em área nativa e de Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF) em Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-24)
Silva, Ana Elisa Teixeira da
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Rocha, Vlamir José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
The intense fragmentation of natural areas, like Semideciduous Forest (Native Area), with consequent pressure under native fauna, emphasizes the search for alternatives to the monoculture system, like Agroforestry Systems (AFSs), which simultaneously cultivate agricultural and native species and can contribute to the subsistence and conservation of species. The present study aimed to investigate which species of bats occur in the Native and AFS areas of CEPTA-ICMBio, Pirassununga (SP). It was recorded 228 individuals belonging to 20 species and three families. About species, 14 (N = 95) were captured in Native Area and 13 (N = 133) in AFS. The results point to a certain degree of species similarity among the studied areas, absence of significant differences on diversity index and similar richness coefficients among Native and AFS areas. Although the AFS can function as corridor between matrices and can contribute to the maintenance of common frugivorous, nectarivorous and insectivorous bats species, probably due the presence of spontaneous pioneer plants in studied areas, it is suggested the greater plant and structural diversity of Semideciduous Forest fragment can ensure the persistence of bat species considered uncommon. About the diet and dispersal seeds, the great majority of fecal samples (N=83 out of N=87) was obtained from phyllostomid bats and contained 16 food items: fruits of Solanaceae, Piperaceae, Urticaceae, Moraceae, Siparunaceae and exotic Muntingia calabura, nectar of Mabea sp., arthropods remains (insects and spider) and clay. While the other four fecal samples were obtained from vespertilionid bats and contained insects remains.
Influência do solo e do tamanho de semente no crescimento e sobrevivência de nove espécies arbóreas tropicais em área ripária degradada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-24)
Scaloppi, Julie Christine
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Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5189815801147165
Understanding the mechanisms that involves the relations between plants and the abiotic environment is vital for the knowledge of the successional dynamics of native vegetation in degraded areas. Several studies have shown that seed size positively influences survival and negatively influences the growth of plants in the early stages of their development. However, soil conditions can influence these relationships, since the availability of soil resources can generate variations in plant survival and growth. This study evaluated the influence of seed mass and soil properties on the performance of nine native tree species that formed a seed size gradient: Cedrela fissilis, Pterogyne nitens, Cariniana estrellensis, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Enterolobium timbouva, Platypodium Elegans, Schizolobium parahyba and Hymenaea courbaril. These species were introduced as seedlings with the objective of restoring a degraded riparian area. From a conceptual model, we simultaneously evaluated the survival and growth of plants in function of seed mass, initial plant size and soil chemical properties at four time intervals over the first three years after planting. During this period, the seed mass and the chemical properties of the soil influenced directly and indirectly, through initial plant size, growth and survival. In the first time interval, the period between planting and the two subsequent months, seed mass was the main factor influencing survival and growth rate, but the initial diameter (plant diameter when they where planted) and soil fertility also influenced growth. In the second time interval (between the first two months and the end of the first year), seed mass and initial diameter positively influenced survival. In this period, the initial diameter, soil fertility and seed mass influenced the growth rate. In the following two years, the survival of young plants was influenced only by their initial diameter and plant growth was influenced by seed mass and influenced negatively by soil potential acidity. In general, the smaller seed species generated smaller individuals and had a faster growth until the end of the first year, whereas the larger seed species generated larger individuals, but with a slower and constant growth, surpassing the growth of the small seeded species during the second year. Larger seeds also achieved higher survival rates during the first year. Larger plants grew more by the end of the first year and had greater chances of survival after the first year. Soil fertility stimulated plant growth resulting in larger plants, while potential acidity variation negatively influenced performance in some study periods. Our results corroborate with the hypothesis of seedling size and the metabolic hypothesis. Prior analysis of soil properties, improvement of edaphic conditions in degraded areas and consideration of functional traits in the choice of tropical tree species can improve the effectiveness of restoration projects.
Distribuição da variação genética nos canídeos Cerdocyon thous e Chrysocyon brachyurus de paisagens antropizadas da região centro-oeste e sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-24)
Rodriguez Castro, Karen Giselle
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505422022027092
The Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and the Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) are a fundamental part from the habitats where they occur, due to the ecosystemic functions they play, as seed dispersers and controlling the population size of their preys. In order to protect these species is necessary to know about its genetic population structure in the current scenario of anthropized and highly transformed landscape. In this context, this work aimed to gather genetic, biological and ecological information for both species from molecular-genetic approach. Thus, we assessed and compared population sizes and densities, we evaluated genetic variation distribution and population structure, besides we evaluated possible sex-biased dispersion, and finally relatedness between and within sampled areas for both canids species. For that propose, we collected tissue, blood and scat samples of both species in three anthropic areas of three states in the central-west and southeastern regions of Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and São Paulo. We extract the total DNA and amplify it for species identification (using mtDNA), for sexing (using nuclear genes) and for population genetic analyses (using microsatellites). A total of 122 Crab-eating foxes belonging to the three different sampled populations were studied. The relatedness values to Crab-eating foxes were high and migrant individuals are present among the studied areas. We found two populations for the Maned Wolfs (N=93): one including the São Paulo state individuals and the other one including Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás individuals. The two identified populations showed no population isolation. We found a positive correlation between the geographic and genetic distances, resulting in isolation by distance in both species. Fragment size was not so important, while landscape conservation status and permeability level cause strong impacts on the genetic diversity of both species. Thus, more altered, anthropized and less permeable landscapes, such as the São Paulo state, showed genetic diversity reduction, mainly in the Maned Wolf, a solitary, more sensitive and a lower population density species. None of the species showed philopatry evidence or preferential dispersion for neither sex.
Aplicações entre 3-variedades Sol e números de Nielsen para coincidências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-24)
Panzarin, Karen Regina
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3082816481278839
Let MA be the torus bundle over S1 obtained using as gluing map an Anosov matrix A. In this work we discuss maps from MA to MD and compute the coincidence Nielsen numbers for some families of such maps, moreover we use that such manifolds are double covers of torus semi-bundles and compute the coincidence Nielsen number for selfmaps of Sol 3-manifolds which are torus semi-bundles.
Impacto do princípio da sustentabilidade nas contratações públicas de duas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-25)
Tada, Telma de Oliveira
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Faria, Luiz Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754
The public is also a source of environmental degradation alike the private sector, not only for its direct action but also for the incentive through public purchases. Therefore, recently Brazilian legal instruments try to incorporate the environmental issue, since the obligation of the Public Power to defend and preserve the environment for present and future generations. One of these instruments was the amendment of art. 3º of Federal Law 8.666/93, which deals with public procurement, whose purpose was to promote "national promotion of sustainable development" via "sustainable" contracting. Given the premise that the existing legislation is known to public operators, this study aimed to evaluate the extent to which the sustainable criteria are being used in bidding notices of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and the Federal University of ABC (UFABC), both located in the State of São Paulo. The notices were obtained through the Comprasnet system. As a result of the research, it was detected that the Normative Instruction n° 01/2010 directly influenced the biddings in both IFES, however, serving only as mention without, however, effective means of evaluating its compliance. This was probably because the criteria expressed in this standard are not measurable most of the time. It was also verified that, when present, the sustainability clause does not express criteria to verify the sustainability of the product or service. The study allowed to conclude that, in general, it is not effective application of the principle of sustainability in the contracting of both IFES, which shows the difficulty of the public manager in using, in practice, substantial normative mandates on sustainability in bidding documents.
Alternative regression models to beta distribution under bayesian approach
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-25)
Paz, Rosineide Fernando da
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Bazán Guzmán, Jorge Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7302778157579178
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0773010734982168
The Beta distribution is a bounded domain distribution which has dominated the modeling the distribution of random variable that assume value between 0 and 1. Bounded domain distributions arising in various situations such as rates, proportions and index. Motivated by an analysis of electoral votes percentages (where a distribution with support on the positive real numbers was used, although a distribution with limited support could be more suitable) we focus on alternative distributions to Beta distribution with emphasis in regression models. In this work, initially we present the Simplex mixture model as a flexible model to modeling the distribution of bounded random variable then we extend the model to the context of regression models with the inclusion of covariates. The parameters estimation is discussed for both models considering Bayesian inference. We apply these models to simulated data sets in order to investigate the performance of the estimators. The results obtained were satisfactory for all the cases investigated. Finally, we introduce a parameterization of the L-Logistic distribution to be used in the context of regression models and we extend it to a mixture of mixed models.
Processo de laminação com resfriamento criogênico em ligas de magnésio para armazenagem de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-25)
Silva, Wágner Batista
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Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
The use of metallic hydrides is a competitive alternative to the hydrogen storage in the liquid or gas states. The magnesium is cheap and forms the metal hydride with higher gravimetric capacity. In this work, the commercial magnesium and its alloys as AZ91 and ZK60+2.5%Mm were processed by two combined processes: ECAP+CR and ECAP+LTR. In processing by ECAP, route Bc was used with four passes at 300 °C and 9 mm/min of run speed. After ECAP, the samples were cold rolled in three routes different forms: (1) by cold rolling at room temperature (CR); (2) cold rolling with the immersion of the alloys in liquid nitrogen for a time of tree minutes starting from the first and after 5 passes (LTR 1/5); (3) cold rolling with the immersion of the alloys in liquid nitrogen for a time of tree minutes every pass (LTR 1/1). According to the results the processing combination of ECAP followed by CR and ECAP followed by LTR, an intense [002] texture peak was observed, mainly for commercial Mg. The results of MEV SEM and microtomography have shown that the cryogenic temperature processing resulted in more brittle materials, causing more cracking on bulk and clear interfaces than the conventionally cold rolled ones. A highly refined microstructure and an introduction of defects with favorable [002] crystallographic orientation for samples processed by ECAP followed by LTR samples resulted in higher hydrogen storage capacities without observation or with short incubation time.
O átomo em foco : entendendo sua teoria a partir de uma situação de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-25)
Bezerra, Andrea do Amaral Carvalho
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Zanon, Dulcimeire Aparecida Volante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1811225448261362
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8104319253784218
The presente research was developed with the purpose of elaborating a teaching situation that facilitates students’ understanding of the construction of atom theory and also analyzes the understandings promoted and the identified difficulties. The locus of the research was in a state school district in the inland of the state of São Paulo where the research teacher teaches with students of the second grade of high school. Seven activities were developed and carried out in which the actie and effective partipation of the student was prioritezed, explaining the different atomic models with due care, aiming to promote the ruptures necessary for learning and to deconstruct the idea that the atom was discivered and thenstudied, showing that its theory was constructed.The activities were neither carried out individually or in pairs, according to their goals. At Each stage we identified that different understandings were promoted and presented difficulties. The tools used to diferente understandings were promoted and presented difficulties. The tools used to analyze the data were: the unitarization where all the units of meaning that were later grouped according to their similarities. Finally, the communicaton stge where the descriptive and interpretative texts about the thematic categories were elaborated. At all times we seek to articulate the results with the literatute that points out the importance of factors such as active participation and the development of cooperation activities for learning. The researcher developed diferente functions at each stage, sometimes articulating, explaining the activities that should be carried out by the students, and in others, making conceptual notes and promoting debates, Always with the purbose of analyzing the advances during the process. Among the implications or contributions ofthe research for the área we can highlight the importance of the teacher being attentive to the “design” of a didactic proposal that takes into accont the active participation of the students throughout the learning process of contentes, be they conceptual, atitudinal or procedural. The proposal Suggested and analyzed in this work evidenced its potencial for the study of the atom concept.
Estudo da poluição sonora por estudantes do ensino médio usando smartphone
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-25)
Pereira, Márcio Donizete
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Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567
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Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277
The main objective of the project was to develop a didactic sequence to be applied in the classroom aiming to address the study the physics of noise pollution, including measures of sound intensity using cell phones and specific mobile applications. The theme is justified by the need to raise awareness among students about the effects of noise pollution, which is increasingly present in people's daily lives. The idea is complemented by taking advantage of the interest and ease that adolescents usually have with these devices to make them allies of the teacher in the teaching-learning process. The educational product developed consists of a didactic sequence containing every theoretical and practical approach needed for its application in classroom. The study was applied in high school students of a public school in Embu das Artes city. The data needed for the analysis was collected in class.
Eficácia dos flavonóides hesperidina e naringenina e o fenol ácido isovanílico complexados com Mg (II), para o controle da bactéria xanthomonas citri ssp. citri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-25)
Silva, Danielle Fernandes da
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Martins, Carlos Henrique Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8076024656192550
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Forim, Moacir Rossi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
The present work describes the study of natural products complexed as bactericidal, bacteriostatic and biofilm inhibitors for the control of citrus canker, as well as their study regarding the mode of action of these complexes against citrus plants. Citrus canker is one of the main diseases of citriculture, where its etiological agent is a gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas citri ssp citri. For the control of this disease is used chemicals derived from copper, but some isolates of this bacterium already have resistance. The use of pesticides in world agriculture is of concern to the safety of the environment and human health. In this work, the hesperidin, naringenin and isovanilic acid complexes with metal magnesium ion (Mg) were prepared and characterized, and microbiological tests were performed with the complexes evaluating their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), their Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm at 50% (CIMB50) obtaining results such as CIM and CBM of 50 and 50 μg.mL-1 for the hesperidin complex; 12.5 and 50 μg.mL-1 for the naringenin complex and 6.25 and 6.25 μg.mL -1 for the isovanil complex, respectively. The free flavonoids and phenol presented MIC and MBC results equal to or greater than 400 μg.mL-1. Through studies of the activity of the complexes in microbial inhibition assays in citrus seedlings, it was possible to observe the control of the phytopathogen. The mechanism of action of the complexes in the plants was investigated by epifluorescence images being possible to visualize the compounds in the mesophyll of the leaves. The quantification of products complexed by HPLC-UV in the growth medium of the citrus seedlings allowed to confirm the proposal of action of the complexes via systemic action being strongly absorbed by the root.
Análise da relação entre as práticas ambientais e a qualidade dos serviços percebidos em uma biblioteca universitária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-25)
Kawaguchi, Elza Naomi
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Faria, Luiz Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6443879703448883
University libraries provide an important service to the academic community, because they provide informational support for the dissemination of knowledge, and of it operates in the area of service rendering, it is susceptible to quality collection, in addition another factor that has required attention by the managers of libraries is proper environmental management of their actions. Within this context, this research had the objective of analyzing whether the environmental practices adopted by the Campus Sorocaba (B-So) library have some relation with the quality of the services provided. Regarding the specific objectives, it was verified that the SERVQUAL method is the most used to measure the quality of services in university libraries and has been used for fifteen years by several institutions. For this reason, the model adapted by Figueiredo, Mergulhão and Rubi (2014) was used, which includes five dimensions: tangible aspects, reliability, readiness, safety and empathy. Regarding environmental practices, it was identified that many higher education institutions use the Sustainable Logistics Management Plan (PLS) to guide their actions in order to adopt sustainability practices and rationalization of expenses and processes in Public Administration, and among the actions adopted some initiatives have been detected that are applied in B-So. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistic version 21 software, the following results were obtained: Cronbach's alpha test indicated that both the SERVQUAL and the environmental practices variables presented acceptable levels of confidence, since all the indices were above 0.7; the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test had an index of 0.753 while the Bartlett's Sphericity Test was χ2 = 212.957, both considered good; Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test showed homogeneity among the populations presenting no significant differences between them; and finally the Spearman test that presented indexes above 0.30, which indicated that the degree of importance given to environmental practices presents a significant positive correlation in relation to perception of the quality of the services provided by the Campus Sorocaba Library. In relation to the critical points of the services provided only the aspect related to IT equipment, security and furniture needs improvement. Regarding the way users evaluate environmental practices, they all showed significant results, since all of them obtained over 90% positive evaluations, demonstrating that environmental awareness is very clear among the categories involved in the research.
Identificação de fatores críticos de sucesso nas certificações ambientais de sistema de gestão ambiental ISO 14001 e certificação florestal FSC (FM/CoC)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-25)
Consoni, Tatiana Bompani
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Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
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Pugliesi, Érica
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623
As consequence of the growing environmental concern in the last decades, companies had to get adapted to various demands and pressures. Due to the need to have universally valid and standardized environmental requirements, environmental certifications have emerged. Two of these have a strong presence in companies that own wood as raw material: ISO 14001 and FSC forest certification. Therefore, this research intends to identify the CSF for the implementation and maintenance of ISO 14001 and FSC certifications for forest management and chain of custody (FM/CoC) in companies that produce or use wood as raw material in Brazil. Through the systematic bibliographic review and the realization of a websurvey with the sending of questionnaires, it was possible to identify the main CSF listed by other authors as well as by the Brazilian companies. In this study, were divided into the stages of Implantation and Certification, and to the Maintenance phase of certification. Resultantly it was possible to identify which CSF are important in each steps for the different companies (ISO 14001 certified companies, companies with FSC certification and with both certifications), it was also possible to identify evidences that some FCS are similar in both stages, but that they also have their own particularities. Finally, it was possible to compare the CSF for the three types of organizations, identifying that the main CSFs are repeated, but not in the level of importance. This indicates the company size and the fact of having more than one type of environmental certification may influence on what is considered critical by them.
Projeto de vida e ENEM : uma análise do questionário socioeconômico e suas implicações para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-28)
Anjos, Tiago Ribeiro dos
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Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1074981691441018
This work has the objective of analysing the relationship between the interest of participating in the entrance test, considering social, economic and racial aspects and the building of a life plan of teenagers from public and private schools of the state of São Paulo. In order to comprehend the relationship previously mentioned, we used the data for the answers of the socioeconomic survey of applicants for the 2012 exam in the state of São Paulo. The database containing the answers that refer to the interest in participating in the exam are made available by INEP and were processed using statistical software SPSS version 17. Altogether, seven questions were selected and grouped into three categories: (i) The ENEM as a possibility of self-knowledge; (ii) The ENEM as a possibility for social development; relationship with work and (iii) The Enem as a possibility to enter higher education. As a result of this study, it was possible to verify significant differences between the responses of students from social classes and racial profiles, showing that inequality in Brazil, especially racial inequality, is embodied in the interest of adolescents, thus becoming an institutionalized phenomenon.
Modelo preditivo de situações como apoio à consciência situacional e ao processo decisório em sistemas de resposta à emergência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-28)
Berti, Claudia Beatriz
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1262819226009736
Situation Awareness (SAW) is a concept widely used in areas that require critical decision making, and refers to the ability of an individual or team to perceive, understand and anticipate the future state of a current situation, which is influenced by the dynamicity and critical nature of events. SAW is considered as the main precursor of the decision-making process. In the emergency response area, obtaining and maintaining SAW requires a great effort from the human operator, the cognitive overload required in the activity, high level of stress involving the care, exhaustive shifts that may negatively reflect the care process and consequently the decision process as one all. Decision support systems that address aspects of the SAW can contribute to the enrichment and maintenance of the operator's SAW and in the decision-making process. Given this context, this work presents a Situational Predictive Model to systematize the development of modules to support the human operator's SAW in emergency response systems, which provides for the use of service models and protocols of institutions acting as prototypical situations. Objectively the model proposes the prediction and or the premature identification of the situation while the applicant has emergency assistance. A Conceptual Model was developed that guided the construction of the Predictive Model and will serve as basis for other developments. So-called human sensors and social sensors have become important sources of information especially in social networks. For the treatment of this data, text classifier methods are used with satisfactory results that cover the areas of education, security, entertainment, commercial, among others. For the emergency responses domain, object of this thesis, human sensors are the main source of information and machine learning techniques as text classifiers show important alternatives. In order to be validated, the Predictive Situations Model was implemented with the creation of a vocabulary based on the actual decision-making models of the Military Police of the State of São Paulo (PMESP) and the development of algorithms two classifying methods (Bag of Words and Naïve Bayes). Tests were performed with four different types of input instances (sentences). For all the metrics analyzed (accuracy, accuracy and coverage) the tests demonstrated superiority of the Naïve Bayes algorithm. The difference between the hit rates in relation to the Bag of Word algorithm for the class of instances with the highest degree of identification difficulty was over 37%. These results demonstrated good potential the Predictive Situations Model to collaborate with the existing systems of emergency services, allowing more attendance effectiveness and reduction of the cognitive overload that the attendants are routinely subjected to.
Otimização dos parâmetros de soldagem a ponto por Fricção (FSpW) da liga AlMgSc e avaliação das propriedades mecânicas estáticas e dinâmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-28)
Lage, Sara Beatriz Miranda
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Santos, Jorge Fernandez dos
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1637997332860660
Aluminum alloys are widely used in transportation industry to reduce structural weight and fuel consumption. The development of advanced alloys and more effective technologies for joining materials contribute to achieve such objectives. AlMgSc alloys emerge as an interesting option to structural applications due to low density and high mechanical performance, as well as an attractive cost. Friction spot welding (FSpW) process is a novel solid state joining technology that has proven to be suitable for joining lightweight materials. This process is carried out in a few steps and in a short time with low thermal cycles and energy consumption as well as without extra materials addition. Thus, this process is an alternative to industrial techniques such as riveting and resistance spot welding. This work presents, for the first time, the application results of FSpW on AlMgSc sheets in overlapping configuration. The effect of the process parameters, such as rotational speed, plunge depth and plunge time, was investigated in order to obtain joints with higher lap shear strength. The Taguchi method and the analysis of variance were applied to study the influence of each parameter on mechanical properties of the joints. In addition, the welds were submitted to microstructural characterization and a material flow analysis provided an initial understanding about the formation of microstructural features. Therefore, the fatigue performance was analyzed for the condition of higher lap shear strength and the S-N curve was drawn. The results indicated a good static performance of the welds, although the fatigue performance was less satisfactory. Finally, failure mechanisms of static and dynamic tests seemed to be strongly related to geometric features, such as hook, bonding ligament and microstructural transition regions.
Saberes docentes pressupostos em um livro didático e em um manual do professor de língua espanhola: implicações na formação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-29)
Silva, Silvana Aparecida Duarte da
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Gregolin, Isadora Valencise
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9967006035083840
The present study had the objective of identifying and problematizing the teaching knowledge assumed in some pre-selected sections from the Spanish-language book: Enlaces: Español para Jóvenes Brasileños volume1 (OSMAN, 2013), approved by the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD, 2015) and also, observing the guidelines proposed by the Teacher's Guide (TG) in the same work in order to identify and problematize the teaching knowledge as well. As a theoretical basis, a brief reflection was made on the importance of the textbook and the teacher's guide for foreign language teaching, and the evolution and main characteristics of the PNLD were presented. The theoretical basis was based on Tardif (2002, 2005, and 2012) and Gauthier et al (2013). Nevertheless, to carry out the analysis of the textbook, it was only used the studies of Gauthier et al (2013), since it presents more indications of the types of knowledge that are mobilized by the teachers, besides being based on a vision of a pedagogical practice more pragmatic. Then the analysis was based on a descriptive and interpretative view of the teacher knowledge assumed in the analyzed pages and on the knowledge observed through what the teacher's guide prescribes. As a result, the analyses showed the predominance of the "knowledge of pedagogical action" in the guidelines contained in the teacher's guide. It also demonstrated that the recommendations are not sufficient for the concreteness of the specific objectives of the activities neither for the attitudinal proposals listed by the sections of the units defined for analysis, requesting other knowledge for the adequacy of the proposed contents too. In this sense, the recurrence of the knowledge of pedagogical action has indicated that for the good performance of a teaching based on a textbook will depend mainly, on the acuity of the teacher, for having to adapt the book in the attempt to accomplish the disciplinary content and mainly to achieve the attitudinal contents and objectives stipulated by the sections.
A experimentação no ensino de Física: proposta de aplicação para temas do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-29)
Costa, Farley William da
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López, Johnny Vilcarromero
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2842871947259606
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2209910329544471
This work approaches theoretical topics of physics addressed to high school, which don’t usually appear in the literature of physics teaching but cause questions and curiosity in the students. This work used experimental techniques with everyday instruments. The topics covered were: the Circular Movement for First Year classes; study of Lenses and Vision for the second year, and the Electrical Circuits, series and parallel for the third year. The first and third year classes belong to a public school and the second year class in a private school, both at the city of Campinas. The experiments had the goal of using materials from the students' daily life, allowing a simple and low cost construction through donations and obsolete objects. This work also aims at the easy access to experimentation and to integrate theory to practice of the topics addressed in classes. In this way, it allows the experimentation as a catalyst or a facilitator of the learning, through motivation, the trial and error method, and by approximating the daily educational system to the scholar, in order to lead the student to build a meaningful learning. The data from the Physics teaching extent were collected using the qualitative research through questionnaires and testimonials from the students, which demonstrate the acceptance and the beginning of learning by them. The construction of the educational product takes into account several items: a lesson script, theoretical contributions to be developed and the experiments carried out with the students.
Conferências Nacionais dos direitos da pessoa com deficiência 2006, 2008 e 2012: educação em debate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-29)
Duarte, Lourdes do Nascimento
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6446222672650387
The present research analyzes the proposals on Education in the deliberations of the National Conferences of the Person with Disabilities - 2006, 2008 and 2012. First it discusses the social movements of the person with disability, the social participation theme, the composition of the national council of the rights of the person with disability - CONADE proposes the conferences at the municipal, state, regional and last national level, which have a great impact in the elaboration of public policies for people with disabilities. From there, you will ask how special education is designed for people with disabilities. The theoretical methodological foundation adopted for this work is dialectical historical materialism. We understand that this theoretical methodological paradigm is a set of ideas, values and actions in the search to understand the contradictions between man, society and politics, considered as parts of the totality of reality. The methodology used was documentary analysis in primary sources: minutes of the national conferences held by CONADE for the years 2006, 2008 and 2012, available on the website of the national council, in the form of annals. The analysis of the deliberations in education was made in two axes: Education and Teacher Training; Education and Accessibility. The results that the deliberations contemplated were the demand for curricular and thematic components alluding to people with disabilities from basic, technological and vocational education to higher education, among them, universal design, assistive technologies, linguistic resources and the highlight is for the social movement of the deaf with the proposition of the bilingual school. Even if education in an inclusive perspective is a significant reference in the total of deliberations, among the chosen axes; the difficulties that arise from the implementation of public policies in a country with the size of Brazil are a huge challenge
Implantação de um programa de envolvimento do trabalhador inspirado no Kaizen: China vis à vis ao Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-30)
Domingues, Larissa Cecília
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Saltorato, Patrícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7277772302457958
Since the 1980s, after a series of publications in the academic and business literature, initiatives to implement the Toyotist approach become common in companies located in developed countries and, consequently, in organizations located in Latin America, Asia and Africa, as the headquarters begin to spread their learning to their subsidiaries. Thus, this work aimed to study the multi-plant adoption of a kaizen-based employee involvement program in two branches of an organization, located in Brazil (BR) and China (CH). Among the various programs and techniques associated with Lean Manufacturing, the choice for kaizen was due to the interest in understanding the possible mismatches between the discourses present in the Toyotist literature and the reality of modern companies that call themselves lean. The analysis of the results allowed to understand the main differences between BR and CH programs, with emphasis on the level of employee participation, the use of group ideas, the rewards system and the gains obtained. It should be noted that in BR the level of employee adherence to the program has been greater and this fact can be explained in part by its alignment with critical managerial practices to the establishment of the environment and model conducive to the culture of continuous improvement. However, the research found that the organization has failed in 9 of the 18 practices evaluated for BR and in 13 of the 18 practices evaluated for CH. That is, although the Toyotist literature presents kaizen programs as a form of partnership, collaboration and sharing between employee and employer, this becomes subject oof questions in the context studied.
O responder por exclusão em bebês nascidos pré-termo e baixo peso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-08-30)
Sertori, Natália Maria
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4989052052680767
The responding by exclusion is defined as the immediate choice of an unknown comparison stimulus (figure or object) in front of a model stimulus also unknown. For Behavior Analysis, it is one of the processes by which children learn to relate new words to new objects or qualities, aiding in vocabulary acquisition research. Thus, for populations at risk for language development, such as babies born preterm and underweight, analyzes of the response by exclusion can serve as a basis for formulating proposals for rapid learning of new words. Such a process has been extensively investigated on an experimental basis and is based on studies generally carried out by teaching "conditional discriminations" with the model pairing technique (MTS). The arms of this study were to attest to the occurrence of the exclusion response in preterm and low birth weight infants with ages between 18 and 21 months; To verify the learning of object-object relations after a single exclusion probe and to verify the maintenance of the emergent relation (name-object) seven days after the exclusion probe. Participants were selected through contact with those responsible, as soon as the initial repertoire of the babies' overall development was surveyed. The general procedure employed three phases with the following sequence: Phase 1) selection response teaching; Teaching of auditory-visual conditional relations in baselines using defined stimuli; Probes of exclusion and learning without mask; Phase 2) teaching response to the mask; Teaching of auditory-visual conditional relations in baselines with defined stimuli with mask; Probes of exclusion, control and learning with mask; Phase 3) reexposure to the teaching of auditory-visual conditional relations in baselines with defined mask stimuli; exclusion, control and learning probes with mask and verification probe maintenance of the emergent relation (name-object), after seven days of performing the exclusion probe. The performance of each participant was analyzed according to the programmed controls for the establishment of conditional discrimination in both the teaching stages and the various probes used. All participants responded by exclusion in the procedure without mask and in sessions with mask only one participant did not respond by exclusion for an indefinite object-object relationship; The control and learning probes showed variety in the results. The overall results suggest that infants with preterm and low birth conditions responding by exclusion and that some participants in the emergence relationship verification probe showed learning for one of the name-object relationships.