Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2017-10-06"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5

Produção e caracterização de biochar de palha de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-06) Pires, Isis Cristina de Souza Adhmann; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
The aim of this work was to study pyrolysis conditions (thermal degradation in a controlled presence of oxygen) for make biochar is a kind the raw-material used was the sugarcane straw (Saccharum sp.), that is an abundant residue in the fields. Pyrolysis techniques were used with fixed time of 3 hours and temperature variations of 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 ° and 400 °C, totalizing four treatments. The Biochar produced was characterized by immediate and thermogravimetric analyses. The obtained results showed the lignocellulosic materials transformation to fixed carbon, and the direct influence of pyrolysis temperature on cellulose and lignin degradation. The fixed carbon content obtained for the treatments carried out were T1 = 42 %, T2 = 51 %, T3 = 59 % and T4 = 65 %. The gravimetric yields were T1 = 55 %, T2 = 36 %, T3 = 30 % and T4 = 25 %. It can be observed the direct influence of the pyrolysis temperature in the cellulose and lignin degradation in the thermogravimetric analyses. Aiming the equilibrium between gravimetric yield and fixed carbon content, can be concluded that the better temperature for the slow pyrolysis, in the conditions developed in this work, was about to 250 °C.
Planejamento espacial marinho de áreas de proteção ambiental do litoral brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-06) Bolta, Paula Mathias Paulino; Martines, Marcos Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5317839291904450; Toppa, Rogério Hartung; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9985558794793165
The subjects of sea protection meet in disadvantage in relation to the subjects of terrestrial protection. The challenges and socioeconomic pressures that the sea territory is subject healthy extremely wide. Now the development of the industrial and port activities in the coastal areas, together with the disordered tourism, they generate countless conflicts and use incompatibilities. However, as it guarantees that those and do other activities happen in a certain passage of sea territory in an orderly and maintainable way? Is, it still, preserving and conserving the different coastal and sea habitats and his/her rich biodiversity? In this context, The Protected Marine Areas become primordial strategies for the conservation of biodiversity while they look for to soften the process of environmental degradation. The Marine Spatial Planning is a public process of analysis and allocation regarding the activities that happen in the sea territory in space and temporary scale, seeking to reach maintainable objectives, through political process. It is also considered a process with views to the future and he/she offers tools to solve conflicts and, still, it selects administration strategies to contribute to protect the services necessary ecosystem. The objective of the research is to characterize Marine Spatial Planning in Areas of Protection Environmental Coasts and Navies of Brazilian Northeast. Three APA were selected under administration of ICMBio, inserted in the bioma Atlantic Forest of coastal atmosphere and marine of the Brazilian Northeast: APA Barra do Rio Mamanguape (PB); APA Fernando de Noronha (PE) e APA Costa dos Corais (PE/AL). The respective handling plans and the creation ordinances were analyzed. Besides they were applied questionnaires to the managers of APA, and also interviews with servants of different sections of ICMBio, seeking to obtain information on the process of elaboration of the environmental zoning. In agreement with the analyzes, it was verified that are different necessary approaches for the handing of each UC; standardization lack in criteria of marine zoning, and still administration susceptible to institutional flaws that contemplate in the administration of the sea atmosphere were observed through the research. Being treated of Protected Marine Areas is necessary to understand the three-dimensional and interlinked sea atmosphere in way to the continent; to consider the environmental dynamics and other specificities in the zoning, and still, to foment the social participation and of other institutions of the public power seeking an effective administrations of the marine and coastal atmosphere.
Identificação da emoção facial na ansiedade social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-06) Simonetti Filho, Pedro Luiz; Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2466881950447208
Emotional recognition seems to be an important component of our nonverbal communication system, essential for adaptation and effectiveness in interpersonal relationships. Different theorists have proposed that individuals with different psychopathologies, particularly in both mood and social anxiety disorders, would present selective attention to emotionally negative facial stimuli (eg, anger, fear, sadness), being less sensitive to positive ones (eg, cheerful faces). The present study aimed to investigate the identification of emotional faces (particularly joy, anger, fear, sadness and neutrality); the study addresses individuals with social anxiety, comparing their performance of identifying emotions with other participants who do not have this particular disorder. Nineteen undergraduate students with social anxiety (six) and without (19) participated. The designation of the participants in the groups depended on a psych diagnostic evaluation, implemented in Phase 1 by psychologists in trainees, under the supervision of the counselor. During the evaluation, the following instruments were applied: 1) PROMIS-Level 1; 2) PROMIS - Level 2 anxiety; 3) Liebowitz Social Phobia Scale. For both groups, a single experimental computerized experimental session was implemented and controlled by computer. Twenty (20) visual stimuli in the form of faces with emotional expressions were used during the session: five different facial expressions of emotion (joy, sadness, anger, fear and neutral) with four different actors. 120 experimental attempts provided three different tasks of conditional discrimination, namely: 1) Appointment (indicate the correct naming of a facial expression, 20 attempts); 2) Identification with four 4 photos that would best be described by the emotion available in the model; 20 attempts. In the last 80 attempts, the participant should identify facial expression by comparing two distinct faces of emotions; the negative comparison stimulus could be lighthearted or neutral. The results seem to indicate that individuals with social anxiety seem to respond promptly to fear. Some considerations were examined with reference to the relation between 1) number of care disorders and the effect on accuracy and latency; and, 2) some methodological conditions to be addressed in future research.
Análise da cadeia cinética em atletas arremessadores com e sem dor no ombro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-06) Pogetti, Lívia Silveira; Nakagawa, Theresa Helissa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3020771286419217; Camargo, Paula Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1009401301199185
Shoulder pain is quite prevalent in throwing athletes. The high incidence may be the result of a deficit of the integrated action of the kinetic chain during the throwing movement. There is lack of studies that have evaluated the components of the kinetic chain in throwers with and without shoulder pain. Researches in this area are important since it could provide knowledge about the kinetic chain components in this population, in order to obtain better treatment and evaluation protocols. In this way, the purposes of the thesis were (1) to evaluate the muscular performance of the kinetic chain of throwing athletes with and without pain in the shoulder; (2) to evaluate the function of the shoulder, trunk, pelvis and lower limb in this population; and (3) to analyze the correlation between these variables and the muscular performance in athletes with shoulder pain. Endurance time test and maximum voluntary isometric contraction were used to evaluate the trunk flexors, extensors and lateral flexors muscles. Isometric contraction was measured by handheld dynamometer (Lafayette Instrument Company, Lafayette, IN). Isokinetic dynamometer Biodex Multi-Joint System 3 (Biodex Medical System Inc., NY, USA) in the concentric mode was used to evaluated peak torque of external and internal rotation of the shoulder at 90º/s, 180º/s and 240º/s. Questionnaires, shoulder satisfaction level and range of motion were used to measure the shoulder function, while the modified star excursion balance test (SEBT) and transverse pelvic alignment test were used to assess the hip, trunk and lower limb function. In general, the results showed that throwing athletes with shoulder pain presented shorter endurance time of the trunk lateral flexors and balance, and worse shoulder function compared to asymptomatic athletes. However, shoulder pain does not seem to affect the development of shoulder isokinetic peak torque and ROM compared to athletes without shoulder pain. Furthermore, the results showed the weak to moderate positive correlations between internal and external rotation of the arm and endurance and isometric strength of the trunk flexors. Peak torque of the shoulder was not correlated to transverse pelvic alignment. Such results support the kinetic chain theory based on the interdependence of segments to generate and transfer of forces during functional movements. In addition to suggesting that exercises that work neuromuscular control of the lower limb and isometric strength and endurance, particularly for the trunk lateral flexor and flexor muscles should be stimulated in throwers with shoulder pain as part of the rehabilitation plan.
Construção de equipamento de tratamento de superfície a plasma com fonte DC pulsada para tratamento de nitretação iônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-06) Cruz, Daniel; Moreto, Jeferson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7570605360654899; Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0139027055418391; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9783859926362995
Surface treatment techniques such as plasma aided nitriding, although very well consolidated in the industry, must still be studied well and improved. Based on this idea and with the objective of looking for better treatment conditions, this work presents the development, construction and commissioning of a reactor for plasma treatment and treatment of plasma nitriding of P-20 steel samples.The reactor was constructed in order to improve conditions for thermochemical treatment and for this purpose a chamber of stainless steel AISI 316L was built as thermochemical treatments are carried out at a very high temperature (above 500ºC). Other equipments such as Vacuum System, Power Source (Direct Current and Pulsed Direct Current), Thermocouple, Manometer, Valves and a meter for gas flux were also attached to the system. After making the equipment, it was commissioned to verify its stability. Parameters such as pressure and tension were analysed together with their influences on temperature. Five nitriding treatments were executed on this equipment in the following way: One treatment was executed during the commissioning, two of them evaluated the treatments by DC tensions and finally 2 more tested Pulsed DC treatments. Treated samples were characterized by Micro Hardness Vickers, Metallography, SEM and EDS. It was observed that treatment tension and pressure affect the temperature stabilization time and the highest temperature it can reach. Treated samples during the commissioning phase have shown edge effect. Samples treated with DC tension show non uniform treated layers. Samples treated with Pulsed DC present highly uniform layers of nitrites both in microstructure and thickness. It can be concluded, however, that the equipment shows high efficiency and serves very well for what it was built for and that, for plasma nitriding treatment, it presents much better performance with Pulsed Direct Current.