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Introdução ao estudo da Álgebra para alunos do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-11)
Kucinskas, Ricardo
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Barbosa, Grazielle Feliciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368292206467565
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1476150846493125
This dissertation of professional masters proposes the introduction of the Algebra study for elementary school students. Our main objective was to develop a work outlined in didactic sequence, based on instigating problems that would challenge the independent thinking, essential for the effectiveness of the meaningful learning. For this purpose, a didactic sequence will be presented by three phases: Algebraic Thinking, Algebraic Expressions and First Degree Equations. In order to develop algebraic thinking, students were mobilized to study models and regularities. After that, problems that explored the variation of quantities and the generalization of patterns led them to read and represent some algebraic expressions as well as to calculate its numeric value in various contexts. Finally, our intention was to translate situations through first degree equations, analyzing them, finding their respective roots and validating the results found. As for the development of this research and the data analysis, we were guided by a qualitative approach, since the interactive contact of the researcher as a teacher at a municipal school provided the construction of a reality of students inserted in a particular universe of beliefs, values and several meanings. As the most important result, we realized that 7th grade students initially had only intuitive conceptual notions and had some difficulty in dealing with algebraic calculations. Therefore, problem solving proved to be an effective methodology for students to appropriate Algebra as a meaningful knowledge.
Um estudo sobre a percepção da qualidade do saneamento ambiental, das práticas cotidianas e da história das propriedades certificadas produtoras de orgânicos em Ouro Fino, MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-16)
Resende, Rachel Germiniani
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Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7429967326868588
The present research had the objective of characterizing and analyzing the quality of rural environmental sanitation in the organic producing properties in the municipality of Ouro Fino, through a survey on environmental issues in the properties with emphasis on: water, soil, solid waste management and sanitation, in order to minimize the knowledge gap on rural environmental sanitation in areas of organic production. To collect data, a qualitative approach was used through semi-structured interviews with seven farmers, which made it possible to understand farmers' perceptions regarding various health, environmental and social aspects. The interviews were composed of thematic blocks: history of the property, profile of the owner, characteristics of the area surrounding the home, environmental sanitation, associativism and environmental perception. The data were analyzed and discussed in a descriptive way based on previous studies and quotations on the subject, as well as excerpts from the producers' statements. The data infer that the fact of being organic producers did not configure as a determinant aspect so that the conditions of the sanitation in their properties were presented ideal, unlike the environmental perceptions. Note the importance of the research that portrays the perception of individuals, whose results reproduce the real needs and desires of the population in question, in the search for more efficient and structured public policies in the rural area.
A recepção e circulação da teoria clausewitziana no Exército brasileiro (1889-1959)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-16)
Ferezin, Carla Cristina Wrbieta
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8157447462904324
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0439807619383825
Clausewitz is an icon among those who are engaged in research war strategy, considered one of the main makers of modern military thinking. His ideas have been read and repeatedly quoted at least since 1871, especially in the military means. However, there is a hiatus in the literature regarding the reading of this author among the Brazilian military. In this sense, the aim of this research is to understand the reception and circulation of Clausewitz conceptions in Brazil, mainly, but not exclusively, between soldiers belonging to the Brazilian Army between 1889 and 1959, such period that the prosecutors have been searching for professionalization, modernization and restructuring of the Brazilian Army, under instructions from Germany, France and the United States of America. We hypothesize that Brazilian readers may have disregarded the context of production and cast their own perceptions and desires of their context on Clausewitz's work, On War. In this direction, we selected a temporal clipping that allowed us to investigate if the war conjunctures (internal and external) and the process of military professionalization that impacted the Clausewitz reading in Brazil. The research process on the reception and circulation of Clausewitz in Brazil was made through the analysis of a series of articles published in a military journal, A Defesa Nacional, and in several contemporary periodicals that grant sessions to discuss military topics. From a qualitative perspective, based on methods of bibliographical research, documentary research and content analysis methodology, we reach the understanding that the reception and circulation of the Clausewitzian theory in Brazil between the years 1889 to 1959 is marked by misunderstandings (disregard of the context of production, insertion of perceptions and problematics proper to the context of the reader, instrumentalized readings and partial translations) proper to the great classics. Moreover, the context of wars greatly impacted Clausewitz's readings in Brazil, with several mentions to the Prussian general as the theoretician of the immoral war, bloodless and without limits, however, a less negative reading also had space, especially those that dealt with the relationship between war and politics. The process of professionalization was also found to be relevant in Clausewitz's reception in Brazil, since it probably enabled the first partial translation into the Portuguese language of excerpts from On War, in the years 1931 and 1932, in the magazine A Defesa Nacional, at the time of the French Military Mission in the Brazilian Army.
Turbidimetria in-line na quantificação do tamanho de partícula de misturas poliméricas na extrusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-16)
Bernardo, Felipe Oliveira Campos
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Silva, Jorge Manuel Jardim da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5480257384064266
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Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
The morphology of mixtures and polymeric compounds is usually evaluated by off-line characterization methods, which require time for sample preparation and analysis of results. In-line rheo-optical characterization techniques during extrusion involve the quantification of the attenuation of an incident light beam caused by changes in the phase morphology and/or orientation of the polymer chains under flow. Processing conditions, including temperature, flow and pressure outputs are the variables that define the rheological behavior. This project has as main objective a particle size’s evaluation of a second polymer phase of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) in polystyrene (PS) by the quantification of incident light attenuation via turbidimetry. The optical device used was bench-tested using standard samples for ceramic particles by light scattering, and for organic dyes by colorimetry, which were prepared in such a way that their parameter (second phase concentration, size of the dispersed particle or dispersed particle type) was changed in a known manner. The systematized study of the samples and the device’s validation were allowed. The analyzes were performed in real time by the pulse addition system during the melt blending process in a W&P ZSK 30 extruder coupled to an instrumented slit die while maintaining the screw rotation and the extruder flow rate constant. During the extrusions, by varying the concentration of the added pulses, different contributions of turbidity collected were obtained. Thus, the particle sizes for the polypropylene and polyethylene pulses were calculated, and such results showed the validity of the particle size analysis system developed, since, for the polymer particles added to the flow, the obtained values of average particle size were satisfactory, with consistent values according to the available literature.
Laboratório de Inclusão: espaço multidisciplinar e intersetorial em um CAPS Infantil no município de São Paulo. (Inter) Invenções possíveis entre Saúde, Educação e Assistência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-17)
Saad, Fabio Luis
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Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650
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Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035
Our research focused on an intersectional collaboration program that takes place in a psychosocial Brazilian public service for children, CAPSi – Centro de Atenção Psicossocial infantil – in the extreme South of the city of São Paulo, in which twenty-eight Public Health, Education and Assistance Workers, who work with children and/or adolescents with psychic suffering participated. The Inclusion Laboratory is a recognized program by the network in its area of coverage as an important environment, in which workers can share cases and difficulties in the treatment and in the daily life with children and adolescents with psychic suffering. These workers arrive at the Inclusion Laboratory in severe and critical moments, that is, when the conflicts or impasses originated from the relationship with children and/or adolescents with psychic distress become unbearable or uncontrollable, assigning to them the responsibility of the maladjustment. The research and conduction of the meetings were carried out by the author/professional who is guided by theoretically based psychoanalysis in his management and understanding of the phenomena presented. This approach gave the Laboratory participants greater implication in the process and broadened the singular look of the case by case. The method that was used was the research-intervention from case study. The data was collected from sixteen recorded meetings, transcribed and, then, analyzed with a psychoanalytical and public health theoretical reference; there were also used an initial questionnaire and interview. The results were demonstrated step by step, since the arrival of the participants in the Laboratory, the dynamic of the meetings, until its effects. There were defined three categories of analysis: i) arrival; ii) process; iii) arrival and process. We noticed important displacements between the arrival of the participants in the Laboratory and the process experienced by them, in this program. Initially, they have presented fragilities in the emotional aspect that disabled the relationship with the children and/or adolescents with psychic suffering: they believed that their technical capacities were insufficient in dealing with this population and the condition of discomfort showed up as a result of anunease, fruit of the daily routine. The meetings provided to the participants relief, reflection and creativity, elements that changed the way they were thinking about this children and started to see them as subjects with difficulties and potentials. Therefore, there was demonstrated the interest in being with them in a welcoming and inclusive way. We demonstrated how the conduction of an analyst in the institution, specifically in the Inclusion Laboratory produced these movements. We noticed significant changes in the emotional condition of the participants, which arrived distressed and left relieved. They stopped to assign the responsibility of the maladjustment only to the other e began to share the responsibility by the dynamic and the relation. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of the studied program, its relevance in the mental health field, as an important room for debate.
Morfologia de ionômero E/MMA-Na+ proposta por técnicas termo-ópticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-19)
Higuita, German Dario Gomez
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Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9084337154840257
The DSC low temperature endothermic peak shown by sodium neutralized poly(ethylene-random-methacrylic acid) (E/MAA) ionomers has been shown here to be the result of two different and dependent morphological transformations, i.e. relaxation of the ionic aggregates and molecular reordering of ethylene chain segments. These two events could be separated by applying a hydrothermal treatment that swells the ionic clusters and allows the thickening the secondary PE crystals. Water plasticizes the ionic aggregates, shifting his glass transition temperature downwards. On the other hand the endothermic peak due to the molecular reordering of the thicker secondary crystals independently shifts upwards. The relaxation of the ionic aggregates was detected either by static (DSC) or dynamic (DMTA) thermal analysis. The reordering of ethylene segments were observed optically following the cross-polarized transmitted light intensity and by X-Ray diffraction pattern. Both, primary and secondary PE crystals, after either dry or wet thermal annealing improve the PE chains packing by expelling out the non-crystallizable methacrylic comonomer mers.
A dinâmica das políticas de saúde e de assistência social no Brasil : incrementalismo e pontuações na atenção governamental entre 1986 e 2003
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-20)
Brasil, Felipe Gonçalves
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2390988873671777
This thesis analyzes the process of policy agenda setting focused on changes in health and social assistance policies in Brazil between 1986 and 2003. By mapping and analyzing the attention of actors and institutions involved in this policy process, we try to demonstrate moments of both balance and incremental change, as well as moments of rapid and profound changes in the chosen sector policies. Known in the public policy literature as the policy dynamics analysis, this thesis is based on the theoretical and methodological precepts of the Baumgartner and Jones (1993, 2005) Punctuated Equilibrium Theory. To do so, six types of documents were selected to analyze policymakers' attention: the legislative production approved in the period, messages to the National Congress sent annually by the Presidency of the Republic, minutes of the Subcommittee on Health, Assistance and Environment of the National Constituent Assembly of 1987, the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the reports of the National Conferences of Health and of Social Assistance realized within the temporal period of this thesis. In all, 23.174 data reflecting the attention of these actors on health and social care policies have been mapped, treated and analyzed in relation to their frequency, diversity and concentration over time. The thesis identifies the existence of institutional and cognitive frictions that constitute a propitious environment for changes during the first decades of Brazilian re-democratization. It also displays that variations in the attention of the actors can highlight moments of inflection and changes in policies. Still in the more general aspect, it puts in evidence the relation of the political, economic and social context and political turnovers with changes in attention on policies, sometimes leading to changes in public policies. The analysis of sector health and social assistance policies shows that, despite thematic proximity, these policies operate in distinct subsystems and focus the attention of decision makers independently. When analyzing health and care policies individually, this thesis confirms the existence of incremental moments, adjustments and small changes, but also points to changes that are specific and of great impact in both sectors. Finally, the paper reaffirms the importance of applying the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory as a theoretical and methodological basis for the study of agenda setting, policy change and policy dynamics, with this, opens a promising research agenda in this field of knowledge.
Estudo integrado das etapas de pré-tratamento e hidrólise enzimática da palha de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-20)
Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos
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Almeida, Renata Maria Rosas Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3745446778086537
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
The use of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production, such as, the sugarcane straw, suggests that additional steps should be included aiming the sugars release, that will be converted to ethanol via fermentative route. In this way, it is essential to conduct a pretreatment step, to disrupt partially the recalcitrant structure, increasing cellulose accessibility to hydrolysis by cellulases. This work aims the study of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis strategies of sugarcane straw. The goal is evaluate the best configuration to bioethanol production, taking into account key factors correlated to these two steps. Firstly, the hydrothermal pretreatment (HPT) was conducted in a straw/water ratio of 1:5 to 1:20 (w/v), at 195°C, 10 min and 200 rpm. HPT was followed by alkaline pretreatment (APT, H2O2 1% v/v, pH 11.5). An experimental design (variables: ratio of wdry straw /vwater during the HPT and temperature during the APT) was performed to choice and optimization of the operational conditions. On enzymatic hydrolysis step, 20 FPU/gcellulose and 15% (w/v) of solid loading were applied. The experimental design responses were: cellulose content and cellulose-to-glucose conversion. It was observed that the enzymatic hydrolysis was not improved after the alkaline pretreatment. Thus, taking into account the high efficience of the hydrothermal pretreatment identified in this study, operational costs concerning the alkaline step can be eliminated. In a study concerning HPT mathematical modeling, the assays were conducted applying 10% (w/v) of solid loading and by vary the temperature (180 a 210°C) and time of reaction (0 to 40 min), aiming the identification, from a proposed kinetic model, the optimal temperature and time regarding to sugars degradation and inhibitors formation. At 195 °C/15 min, the pretreatment reached 85% of hemicellulose removal. This condition promoted a little degradation of cellulosic fraction, only 21%. The models proposed in this work can be utilized for engineering studies, including technical and economic feasibility analysis of 2G ethanol production. In addition to the studies developed in this thesis, enzymatic hydrolysis assays were performed in stirred tank reactors, with a reaction volume of 50-mL, applying solids loading of 10, 20, and 30% (w/v), in batch and fed-batch modes. Experiments were conducted in 3-L working volume, under different feeding strategies of substrate/enzyme (fed-batch), reaching 30% (w/v) of solids loading. The assays showed that as the solids loading increases, a decrease in the cellulose-to-glucose conversion is observed. The experiments conducted in fed-batch mode showed high performance when compared with those performed in batch mode. An increase of 3.4 (10% w/v); 9.2 (20% w/v) and 19.8 % (30% w/v) in the cellulose-to-glucose conversion was obtained, taking into account the assays performed in fed-batch mode. Concerning the assays conducted in 3-L working volume, the results showed that the best condition was the one where the feeding profile was smoother (lower solid concentration added in each feed time, but more substrate additions). Both the power consumption per unit volume and the rheology presented lower values to the condition where the feeding profile was smoother. This behavior indicates that this operational mode is more suitable from process point of view, reaching results industrially feasible in terms of glucose content and the energy consumption.
Análise da suscetibilidade a incêndios por meio de geoprocessamento : um estudo no município de Ribeirão Preto, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-20)
Neves, Luiza de Lima
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Bourscheidt, Vandoir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2226821354604207
Fires are among the main environmental problems in Brazil. The country is considered one of the great potentials for the increase of greenhouse gases in the planet coming from the emissions of the burning of vegetal biomass. According to IBAMA, besides contributing to global warming and climate change, fires also pollute the air, cause economic and social damage and accelerate the desertification processes, as well as the deforestation and loss of biodiversity. In the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP), this is a problem that has been aggravating in recent years, mainly due to the recent and long periods of drought, religious ritual practices in the nearby forest and the extensive cultivation of sugarcane in the region. In order to analyze a fire occurrence and susceptibility, different methodologies can be adopted. One of them refers to the use of geoprocessing, which encompasses a series of tools that are of great importance for the collection and analysis of physical information related to geographic space, mainly through geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing. They make possible to study large areas quickly and objectively, and allow the interaction between different types of data. Through these tools, this paper aims to analyze the fire outbreaks susceptibility in the mentioned municipality through the identification, survey and weighting of previously established geographical indicators. The proposal of a new model sought to advance the existing methodologies through the inclusion of temporal variation in the study, as well as the use of vegetation indices with medium spatial resolution. The results indicate that the model is efficient for a fire susceptibility analysis, but is substantially dependent on data availability and continuous updating. The final maps emphasize the importance of each indicator and stress the need to explore the temporal variation in the study.
Aforização oitocentista: espaço de discursividades na Revista Illustrada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-20)
Lima, Rilmara Rôsy
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5617634759514977
S'appuyant sur le travail théorique-méthodologique de Dominique Maingueneau (2008, 2010a; 2010b, 2011, 2012a e 2014), la thèse actuelle vise à jeter un regard discursive sur le langage journalistique du XIXe siècle au Brésil, plus précisément entre la transition de la période politique monarchique au républicain. Pour tenir compte d'une telle entreprise, plus précisément, nous mobiliserons les concepts formulés par Dominique Maingueneau, à propos de aphorisation, surassertion, scène d'énonciation, citation et détachabilité. Pour composer le fichier de recherche, nous avons sélectionné la collection du Revista Illustrada (Rio de Janeiro: numéros 402 à 666. Année de 1885 à 1893), publiée par Angelo Agostini. Notre but est d'enquêter et de comprendre, d'une part, le rôle de la presse périodique du XIXe siècle dans les processus de production, circulation et de diffusion de textes entiers, fragmentés et adaptés tout au long des éditions du Revista Illustrada, et, d'autre part, vérifier comment cette mécanique de production / circulation / diffusion a entrainé les gestes de lecture des événements historico-politiques de la société brésilienne de la fin du XIXe siècle. Nous croyons que notre recherche au-delà et au-delà boire dans la source théorique proposée par Maingueneau concernant « l'énonciation aphorisante » ou des phrases sans texte, peuvent contribuer au développement de cette théorie, puisque notre corpus, différemment de celui utilisé par le théoricien français, est de nature historique.
Aviação agrícola no Brasil: caracterização, invisibilização e debates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-20)
Mhereb, Gabriel de Araujo
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Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0374754009716272
The aerial spraying of pesticides, carried out mainly by the agricultural aviation sector in Brazil, is defended by part of society as a fundamental technology for contemporary agricultural crops to increase production; on the other hand, institutions, researchers, NGOs and social movements related to the field and health are opposed to its use, due to its high hazard and to the accidents recorded, thus proposing its prohibition. From the controversy involving aerial spraying establishment, this study aims to develop a context and a characterization of the agricultural aviation sector in Brazil, going back to the modernization of the field and the emergence of agricultural aviation; it also presents a characterization of this sector based on available information on the area that is served, the evolution of the fleet and the accidents recorded. It will also be analyzed the main informational systems on poisoning by pesticides in Brazil, the data on intoxication related to the set of pesticides, as well as the instruments of information collection, focusing on the investigation/evaluation sheets used for the notification of human intoxication, investigating the existing bottlenecks in data collection involving the aerial spraying of pesticides. Public manifestations caused by agricultural aviation will be exposed, identified and subdivided by different social fields: the scientific field, the field of social movements and the media field. The results show that the agricultural aviation sector is expanding in Brazil, due to the increasing in the fleet of airplanes, service providers distributed throughout the country and also in the sprayed area. It is shown that agricultural aviation has considerably higher accident rates than other civil aviation segments. There is also a limitation in the form of registration of the official information and in the records presented by the organizations of the sector and also by the notification systems of intoxications. Through the manifestations reported, it was demonstrated that despite the absence of official data, there is an expressive set of reports of institutions and people living and/or working in rural and urban environments on the impacts of this sector.
Influência da massa de semente e da fertilidade do solo no desempenho de espécies arbóreas em restauração de área ripária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-23)
Tomaz, Danilo Janczur
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Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4296907987261055
Riparian zones have been widely altered by deforestation and fragmentation in the last five decades, often being required human intervention for the recovery of these areas through the introduction of tree species. Direct seeding can be an alternative to the introduction of seedlings, being simpler and cheaper to implement. This study sought to understand the influence of seed mass on emergence and of seed mass, average time of emergence, initial height and soil fertility on the performance of nine tree species, reintroduced through direct seeding in the restoration of a degraded riparian area. The experiment was divided in four time intervals (1 – from seeding to 114 days (beginning of first dry season), 2 – 114 to 377 days (beginning of the second year), 3 – 377 to 728 days (beginning of the third year) and 4 – 728 to 1125 days (ending of the third year). We evaluated the influence of seed mass on emergence (in both field and nursery experiments), on survival after three years and on height after three years. The influences of seed mass, average time of emergence and soil fertility on survival and on height were simultaneously evaluated for the first interval, using a structural model. For the three following intervals, structural models were assembled, simultaneously evaluating the influence of seed mass, initial height and soil fertility on survival and on relative growth rate. Larger seeded species had higher emergence rates in relation to the smaller seed species, both in the nursery and in the field, with the highest rates detected in the nursery. Seed mass positively influenced the probability of survival after three years, with most mortality occurring in the first 114 days for all species. Structural model analyses revealed that seed mass influenced survival directly in the first 114 days, and indirectly through initial height in the later periods. Larger seeds generated larger seedlings, which tended to survive longer in relation to smaller seedlings. Soil fertility influenced survival only indirectly, through initial height. Larger seed species exhibited greater initial size, but after three years this difference was not detected, indicating higher growth rates of smaller seed species. Seed mass strongly influenced height in the first 114 days, but in later periods seed mass influenced growth rates only through initial height. In the second and third years, soil fertility indirectly influenced growth rates, through initial height. The relationship between seed mass and survival found for these nine species after three years is probably due to a combination of the effects of cotyledon reserves and seedling size, with larger seeds emerging earlier and originating bigger seedlings, which survive better due to their larger initial size. This study showed that direct seeding could be a viable alternative in the recovery of pasture areas for the nine species evaluated.
Vetores de mudança dos usos da terra e naturalidade da área de entorno da Floresta Nacional de Três Barras (SC)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-23)
Moraes Cavaliere, Mayra Cristina Prado de
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246771709401210
Anthropic activities generate impacts to the environment, among them, the biodiversity loss is highlighted. Protected Areas have emerged as a way to protect the remaining biodiversity, but they suffer from external pressures present mainly in their surrounding. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the effects of land use changes in relation to naturalness that configures the scenarios of the ecological sustainability condition of the Três Barras National Forest (Flona de TB) surrounding area among the, years 1986, 1997, 2011, and 2016, in order to understand the cumulative impacts of the anthropogenic activities that induced changes in the Flona’s buffer zone. We used images from the LandSat satellite of the years 1986, 1997, 2011 and 2016 and identified the land use cover by screen vectoring in a Geographic Information System environment. Based on the results of the land use and cover we obtaines the transition matrices between the intervals of the years 1986-1997; 1997-2011; 2011-2016 and 1986-2016. These procedures were developed in ArcGIS 10.2 software. An analysis was made regarding the area and frequency of native forest patches in each year, and the connectivity between these patches was evaluated using the Conefor Sensinode 2.2 software. The analysis of natural condition of the surrounding area of the Flona TB’s buffer zone was carried out using the Urbanity Index (UI) in IDRISI software. The results of connectivity of the forest patches and naturalness were processed statistically in software R to test the null hypothesis of similarity. During the 30 years studied, there were oscillations between the percentage of agricultural, urban and natural areas, evidencing that there is a tendency in the expansion of anthropic areas and loss of native forest. Over the years, natural patches have become less connected in the matrix. The expansion of agricultural areas is based on the driver forces related to public policies, socioeconomics, region history and the environmental characteristics of the Flona TB’s buffer zone. The scenarios of the natural condition presented oscillations between the years 1986 and 2016, with loss of high naturalness areas over the time, indicating that the buffer zone is in a gradual process of ecological sustainability loss due to the increase of the agricultural anthropic areas and decrease of natural areas. The understanding of the driving forces that act in the Flona TB’s buffer zone can be an essential ally for taking measures by the decision makers that increase the connection between the natural patches of the Flona and the buffer zone, ensuring ecological sustainability and the ecosystem services provision.
A organização social e o estabelecimento de redes sociais a partir do acesso às políticas públicas no Assentamento XX de Novembro, Cordeirópolis-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-23)
Filus, Veridiany
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Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016
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Bergamasco, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863899187043019
This dissertation brings a panorama of XX November Settlement, located in the municipality of Coordeirópolis-SP. It identifies its dwellers and expose informations as age, schooling, work/job and income; it maps the settlements that come under the scope of Pronaf, Pnae and PAA and analyses the networks built upon PAA and Pnae programs aiming to report the successes and hindrances for PAA and Pnae into the reality of the settlement and contribute to the improvement of the programs. In the first paper our first concern was analyzing the programs and policies towards familiar agriculture: PAA, Pnae and Pronaf in the context of XX November settlement. In order to do so, we've used the quantitative methodology as a tool, through the application of semi-structured questionnaires, as well as qualitative through the participative observation. In the second paper, we've analyzed how the relation between peasants from XX de Novembro Settlement and the organisms which represent them is configured. For such, we've used the systematization of questionnaires applied to the peasants along with the interviews with municipal agents and with the peasants representatives. Still, in the third paper, we analyze networks established around PAA and Pnae, in XX November Settlement, looking for understanding the impact of this network on the involved actors' social life. The informations were gathered by means of the instruments already mentioned while the overview on the first and second papers. Nevertheless, these informations were systematized with the help of the software Pajek prompting the network characterization and sociogram. In general we've identified that the community is composed by a equilibrated mix of men and women and that the community has an expressive number of its members with high school degree. Concerning to the acess to Pronaf, PAA and Pnae programs, Pronaf was the most accessed, from the beginning of the settlement up to 2016 nine families accessed PAA and two did access Pnae. The production outflowing to PAA and Pnae programs happens through the Cascalho Cooperative, Rio Claro Cooperative as well as directly to Rio Claro and Cordeirópolis municipalities and contributes for a R$ 1.086.47 monthly average income by family. Concerning to the attendings, in 2016 we've identified 5.118 attendings, by Pnae in Cordeirópolis, 39.000 by Pnae in Rio Claro and 850 baskets by PAA in Rio Claro, what adds up to an articulation of more than 48.000 people, only in this year. Meanwhile, concerning to social cohesion analysis, for this outflowing relation we've found a high degree of social cohesion improve the phrasing which reached to 85% what flags to a high integration between the outflowing net-work actors, being the issue on inspection, mainly of the amount of delivered food, the greatest difficulty pointed out within the net-work. Among the interviews' results, what has called our attention the most was peasants lack of information. Nevertheless this negative factor, regarding to the lack of information within the net, the issue on food quality improvement has been remarked, it was identified by the municipal agents who pointed out an improvement on the quality of the food received by schools and institutions and the educational factor added to the food being it purchased from the local familiar agriculture. With the aid of the software Pajek we achieved to identify some key relations and actors who will be able to play an outstanding role in order to enhance the programs from within; believing that keeping the focus on weak rings actors characterized so as having an intermediation role may be an strategy for relations improvement and widening within the net-work with no need to work review it throughly.
Papel do exercício físico associado a diferentes Inibidores da Enzima de Conversão da Angiotensina (iECA) sobre o fator de crescimento endotelial de vasos – VEGF e angiogênese em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos e normotensos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-23)
Macedo, Anderson Geremias
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Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742243414991502
Hypertension (HA) is a complex and multifactorial disease, considered as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is known that high blood pressure (BP) levels are maintained by increased Total peripheral resistance (TPR). Among the factors that contribute to the maintenance of high TPR, there are arterioles remodeling and rarefaction, which occurs in several tissues. Physical training (T) has been considered as an important adjunct to pharmacological treatment in the control and treatment of HA. In this sense, exercise has been effective in improving vascular remodeling and promoting angiogenesis. Among the pharmacological therapies used clinically, angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have shown great effectiveness, mainly by reducing mortality. It has been suggested that due to some different biochemical and pharmacological characteristics between captopril and perindopril, there may be some differential effect on T-induced angiogenesis. It has been demonstrated that captopril may inhibit T-induced angiogenesis after acute exercise, but almost nothing is known about it effects after chronic exercise. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of the chronic use of captopril and perindopril on angiogenesis induced by T in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats and to investigate some of the possible mechanisms involved in these alterations. For this purpose, 48 normotensive Wistar rats and 48 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent T protocol (60% maximum physical capacity, for 8 weeks) or maintained sedentary. During the last 6 weeks, the animals were treated with captopril (25 mg / kg per day, i.p.) or perindopril (3 mg / kg per day, gavage) and the control animals received water. Body weight and baseline values of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were analyzed. The anterior tibial muscle (TA) and myocardium were removed for the morphometric analyzes of the capillary / fiber ratio (C: F) and analyzes of the protein production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptor (VEGFR-2) and enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). As expected, the values of SBP, DBP and MAP were higher in the sedentary SHR (+ 30%, + 33% and + 32%, for SBP, DBP and MAP respectively) when compared to sedentary Wistar. Both T and pharmacological treatments reduced BP values by a similar magnitude. The C:F ratio in TA was reduced in all sedentary SHRS compared to sedentary Wistar, and this reduction was associated with lower levels of VEGF (~ -26%) and eNOS (~ -27%). Training increased C:F ratio in trained Wistar rats compared to sedentary Wistar because of increased production of VEGFR-2 (+ 17%) and eNOS (+ 31%). In addition, T prevented TA rarefaction in SHRs, mainly by preventing reductions in VEGF and eNOS production. Chronic treatment with captopril or perindopril significantly attenuated angiogenesis in Wistar animals, although this effect was greater after treatment with captopril (-19%) when compared to perindopril (-13%). In the SHR animals, perindopril did not attenuate T-induced angiogenesis. On the other hand, captopril attenuated this effect (18%). This response occurred due to normalization of eNOS levels after PT in trained Wistar and SHR rats treated with perindopril alone. The myocardial C: F ratio was reduced in all sedentary SHR compared to sedentary Wistar. T increased myocardial C: F ratio in trained Wistar rats (~ + 14%) in all groups compared to sedentary ones. Similarly, T increased C: F ratio in trained SHR compared to sedentary SHR and normalized to number of vessels compared to sedentary Wistar. This response was also mediated by increased production of eNOS in all trained groups. These findings allow us to conclude that T promoted angiogenesis in skeletal and cardiac musculature and chronic use of ACE inhibitors attenuated this response in the skeletal muscle, and perindopril did not attenuate T-induced angiogenesis in hypertensive animals. In this way perindopril may be suggested as the best drug of choice for hypertensive patients who do exercise.
Avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente na atenção primária à saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-24)
Galhardi, Nathalia Malaman
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1172987410833035
The patient safety as a fundamental dimension for health quality is focused on improvement provides care in the prevention of errors, in learning from them and in the involvement of all health professionals. It is more common heard about this subject in the hospital services, however, it is known that errors and consequently adverse events also occur in the Primary Health Care (PHC) compromising the patient safety. Despite the initiative of the organizations in promote the patient safety, the adherence on the services is still low, precisely because they does not have a culture focused on patient safety. It is understood that the organization culture and team attitudes can influence directly the quality of the results and for this reason it is necessary study this subject in this work place. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of professionals about the culture of patient safety in primary health care. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study of the type of survey. It was did in the period from December 2016 to March 2017 at the Family Health Centers (CSF) in a city in the interior of the State of São Paulo, where 564 professionals work. It was used the questionnaire "Patient Safety Culture for Primary Care" that evaluates twelve dimensions of the patient safety culture and the quality of care provided. The response rate was 52%. Seven of the twelve dimensions evaluated presented high reliability in the responses and were analyzed. For the dimensions "overall perception of patient safety and quality", "organizational learning", "information exchange with other settings", "teamwork", "patient care tracking", "patient safety and quality issues", the practitioners demonstrated a positive perception of the patient's safety culture. The "leadership support" dimension has proven to be a weak area for the patient's safety culture. In the overall assessment of patient safety and quality of care, the service was rated by the participants as "Good". In the comparison of the variables of service time and professional category with the average of the percentages of positive responses there was a significant difference. For service time the lower the time the greater the positive perception for the dimensions "organizational learning" and "leadership support" and as for professional category, the physician showed more positive perception for the dimensions "overall perception of patient safety" and "teamwork". It was concluded that most of the dimensions presented had positive scores in the assessment of the patient safety culture and that the dimension that most needs improvement and actions focused on patient safety are mainly to the leadership. It is necessary to support a just culture, where the professional does not feel threatened from the occurrence of the error. Leadership involvement in patient safety encourages a safe and secure environment.
Testes de superioridade para modelos de chances proporcionais com e sem fração de cura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-24)
Teixeira, Juliana Cecília da Silva
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Cobre, Juliana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042802390444616
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9944342253270136
Studies that prove the superiority of a drug in relation to others already existing in the market are of great interest in clinical practice. Based on them the Brazilian National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) grants superiority drugs registers which can cure faster or increase the probability of cure of patients, compared to standard treatment. It is of the utmost importance that hypothesis tests control the probability of type I error, that is, they control the probability that a non-superior treatment is approved for use; and also achieve the test power regulated with as few individuals as possible. Tests of hypotheses existing for this purpose or disregard the time until the event of interest occurrence (allergic reaction, positive effect, etc.) or are based on the proportional hazards model. However, in practice, the hypothesis of proportional hazards may not always be satisfied, as is the case of trials whose risks of the different study groups become equal over time. In this situation, the proportional odds survival model is more adequate for the adjustment of the data. In this work we developed and investigated two hypothesis tests for clinical trials of superiority, based on the comparison of survival curves under the assumption that the data follow the proportional survival odds model, one without the incorporation of cure fraction and another considering cure fraction. Several simulation studies are conducted to analyze the ability to control the probability of type I error and the value of the power of the tests when the data satisfy or not the assumption of the test for different sample sizes and two estimation methods of the quantities of interest. We conclude that the probability of type I error is underestimated when the data do not satisfy the assumption of the test and it is controlled when they satisfy, as expected. In general, we conclude that it is indispensable to satisfy the assumptions of superiority tests.
Degradação do cabelo humano causada pelo uso de alisantes contemporâneos e outros processos químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-26)
Colenci, Ana Vivian Parrelli
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5161034466253507
In the XXI century, there has been an increasing research on cosmetic agents including chemical changes. Consequently, new smoothers have come up, such as: carbocisteine, glyoxylic acid and the forbidden formaldehyde. Ammonium thioglycolate is classified as a classic smoother and the smoothing products such as glyoxylic acid, carbocisteine and formaldehyde are considered as contemporary smoothers. Scientific studies that address the mechanism, action of the contemporary smoothers are scarce, and few of them approach the impact of those substances on the hair fiber. Those smoothers have been generating a capillary structure with different chemical, physical and structural characteristics. These changed molecular / atomic characteristics are still largely unknown. Thus, this study analyses the effects of the smoothers containing glyoxylic acid, carbocisteine, formaldehyde and ammonium thioglycolate in cases of one application and successive applications, and concomitantly with other chemical processes such as staining and discoloration of the hair fiber. Mechanisms of the glyoxylic acid, carbocisteine and formaldehyde were presented. Techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, electron microscopy of field emission and mechanical resistance have been applied. The aim was a better understanding of the diverse types of damages on the hair fibers caused by the studied smoothers. In addition to it, the staining and discoloration processes were analysed together the action of the smoothers from the macro and microscopic standpoints.
Interações de sistemas nanoestruturados de zircônia/ácido oleico em diferentes solventes orgânicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27)
Ferreira, William Alberto Leonel
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995502508425518
The promising technologies to modify the future, demands materials with special properties. The functionalized nanocrystals represents the building blocks that can leverage these technologies. This project aims at the study of ZrO2 nanocrystals of oleic acid functionalized (AO) called NCf in dispersions in three different solvents, hexane, toluene and chloroform. In previous studies, it has been observed that the organic layer can modify the conformation of the molecules on the surface (the organic layer) depending on the solvent, the affinity allows it to swell, if it has high affinity or contracts, if the affinity is low. These studies were performed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the direct study in solutions is challenging due to the difficulty of the characterization of this system in relation to the nanometric size and the hybrid character of the nanomaterial. In order to overcome these difficulties, density and viscosity measurements of the NCf dispersions were used at concentrations. 1x10-3, 5x10-3, 1x10-2, 5x10-2 and 1x10-1 g.ml-1 in triplicate. The nucleus of the NCf was characterized by TEM as a spheroid of larger radius 2.5 + 1,1 nm and a smaller radius of 1.9 + 0,6 nm, X-ray diffraction with monoclinic phase and organic load of 35% identified by thermogravimetric analysis. From the viscosimetric measurements, the intrinsic viscosity of the NCf was obtained in the solvents cited using the empirical power equation. With the intrinsic viscosity it was possible to approximate the NCf to a molecule using the Einstein molecular viscosity model and find the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) with values of 4.2 + 0.1 nm for hexane, 4.1 + 0.2 nm for toluene and 4.0 ± 0.2 nm for chloroform. These Rh values were compared to nanostructure characterization techniques, low angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The SAXS values were 4.2 ± 0.1 nm for the NCf in hexane and 4.0 ± 0.1 nm in toluene, not having counts in chloroform due to high X-ray absorption by the solvent. With DLS the values found were 7.0 ± 0.1 nm for the hexane dispersion, 4.9 ± 1.5 nm for the toluene and 3.5 ± 0.3 nm for the chloroform. There was excellent agreement of the data showing the success of the approach of the nanocrystal to a molecule and the viscosimetric characterization. It was observed the importance of the organic layer in the NCf behavior, which represents more than 85% of the volume and is responsible for the high dispersivity of nanocrystals even in high mass fractions (mixture of 80% by mass of NCf in dispersions using toluene). The one-step synthesis in oleic acid showed excellent reproducibility, which allowed the elaboration of this project that used more than 20 g of NCf, an amount considered as ultra-high scale for this type of nanomaterial. The unique properties of this NCf together with the detailed understanding of its behavior in solutions and high-scale synthesis denote a nanomaterial with potential for various industrial applications.
Ações do Núcleo de Acessibilidade na EAD de uma Instituição de Educação Superior Privada e a satisfação dos estudantes com deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27)
Fantacini, Renata Andrea Fernandes
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316944549621648
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0048520911576659
There is a growing debate about the inclusion of students with disabilities in Higher Education, since the official documents of the Ministry of Education guide Higher Education Institutions to the creation of Accessibility Programs. Once the Accessibility Nucleus was set up in a Private Higher Education Institution, the interest arose to check how it happened the articulation of the principles of inclusion and formulation of the institutional practices policies in the pedagogical scope and of the management in the undergraduate distance courses in that institution. The general objective of this research was to describe and analyze how the actions of this Accessibility Nucleus were taking place in undergraduate courses of the Distance Education modality of a Private Higher Education Institution and to evaluate the satisfaction of students with disabilities in relation to these actions. This research was carried out in the Nucleus of Accessibility of a private Institution. This is a documental, exploratory and descriptive research, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Participated in this research, five teachers who make up the Accessibility Nucleus and 21 students who declared themselves to be students with disabilities participated in this research and requested support from the Accessibility Nucleus. The results show that the members of this Accessibility Center are adequately trained to perform this function; that through the mapping the students with disabilities, it was possible to verify that the Institution had, by the end of 2016, 137 students with disabilities included in its Distance Education courses. However, only 26 students with disability confirmed their self-declaration and requested some kind of help from the Accessibility Nucleus. Finally, it was possible to know through the application of the Satisfaction and Attitudes - ESA Scale the level of satisfaction and attitudes of this population in relation to the actions of the Accessibility Nucleus, in addition to making it possible to identify and point out some ways to overcome structural, operational, psycho-affective barriers and attitudes towards obstacles. It was concluded that the measurement of the level of satisfaction of this population is necessary and can contribute to the construction of inclusive contexts in Distance Education of this institution and, this study, can constitute an important tool for the Accessibility Nucleus, in the sense of to help develop actions not only to follow and monitor the actions implemented, but also to ensure the inclusion in Higher Distance Education of this Higher Education Institution, can bring contributions for other institutions. It is suggested that: other research on this topic be developed, as well as the implementation of Specialized Educational Assistance in Higher Education; the formation of a collaborative consulting team; the creation of permanent training programs for the entire academic community, aiming at promoting the inclusion of students with disabilities in the university environment, as well as the implementation of specific programs in university settings.