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Diversidade de mirmecofauna (Hymenoptera, formicidae) e sua potencialidade para o monitoramento de áreas guiadas pela agricultura sintrópica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Benedetti, João Fernando de Almeida; Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774; Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8713337564289835
Sintropic Agriculture (AS) contributes to the improvement of ecosystem services: it increases biodiversity, promotes nutrient cycling and promotes high interaction capacity. This is pointed from a dominance of forest environment as productive strategy. Ernst Götsch considers ants as our "teachers", always present in the productive area. From this point of view, they are considered great bioindicators to monitor AS. The collected was made with help of pitfall trap in two rural properties: 1. Fazenda São Luiz / SP and 2. Fazenda Olhos d'Água / BA. Each one with three sampling areas: I. MT- Forest Fragment, SAFI - older agroforestry system and SAFII - more recent. Seventy-one species / morpho-species were collected in six subfamilies and 29 genera. The sintropic practice to handle the SAFs favors the trophic chain, community structure, composition and complexifies the systems creating niches for the ants. It is necessary to expand the diversification of studied niches. The collection was distributed in 13 guilds and managed to point out some alternatives for the elaboration of a participatory monitoring protocol. Suggested the guilds are: great predators, camponotíneas patrolmen, desfolheadoras (leaf mower), myrmecíneas generalists, small specialists, pseudo mirmecíneos patrolmens, small opportunists, crípticas de serrapilheira (leaf litter) poneríneas, and crípticas de serrapilheira (leaf litter) myrmecíneo.
Ações do Núcleo de Acessibilidade na EAD de uma Instituição de Educação Superior Privada e a satisfação dos estudantes com deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Fantacini, Renata Andrea Fernandes; Almeida, Maria Amélia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316944549621648; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0048520911576659
There is a growing debate about the inclusion of students with disabilities in Higher Education, since the official documents of the Ministry of Education guide Higher Education Institutions to the creation of Accessibility Programs. Once the Accessibility Nucleus was set up in a Private Higher Education Institution, the interest arose to check how it happened the articulation of the principles of inclusion and formulation of the institutional practices policies in the pedagogical scope and of the management in the undergraduate distance courses in that institution. The general objective of this research was to describe and analyze how the actions of this Accessibility Nucleus were taking place in undergraduate courses of the Distance Education modality of a Private Higher Education Institution and to evaluate the satisfaction of students with disabilities in relation to these actions. This research was carried out in the Nucleus of Accessibility of a private Institution. This is a documental, exploratory and descriptive research, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Participated in this research, five teachers who make up the Accessibility Nucleus and 21 students who declared themselves to be students with disabilities participated in this research and requested support from the Accessibility Nucleus. The results show that the members of this Accessibility Center are adequately trained to perform this function; that through the mapping the students with disabilities, it was possible to verify that the Institution had, by the end of 2016, 137 students with disabilities included in its Distance Education courses. However, only 26 students with disability confirmed their self-declaration and requested some kind of help from the Accessibility Nucleus. Finally, it was possible to know through the application of the Satisfaction and Attitudes - ESA Scale the level of satisfaction and attitudes of this population in relation to the actions of the Accessibility Nucleus, in addition to making it possible to identify and point out some ways to overcome structural, operational, psycho-affective barriers and attitudes towards obstacles. It was concluded that the measurement of the level of satisfaction of this population is necessary and can contribute to the construction of inclusive contexts in Distance Education of this institution and, this study, can constitute an important tool for the Accessibility Nucleus, in the sense of to help develop actions not only to follow and monitor the actions implemented, but also to ensure the inclusion in Higher Distance Education of this Higher Education Institution, can bring contributions for other institutions. It is suggested that: other research on this topic be developed, as well as the implementation of Specialized Educational Assistance in Higher Education; the formation of a collaborative consulting team; the creation of permanent training programs for the entire academic community, aiming at promoting the inclusion of students with disabilities in the university environment, as well as the implementation of specific programs in university settings.
Interações de sistemas nanoestruturados de zircônia/ácido oleico em diferentes solventes orgânicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Ferreira, William Alberto Leonel; Leite, Edson Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995502508425518
The promising technologies to modify the future, demands materials with special properties. The functionalized nanocrystals represents the building blocks that can leverage these technologies. This project aims at the study of ZrO2 nanocrystals of oleic acid functionalized (AO) called NCf in dispersions in three different solvents, hexane, toluene and chloroform. In previous studies, it has been observed that the organic layer can modify the conformation of the molecules on the surface (the organic layer) depending on the solvent, the affinity allows it to swell, if it has high affinity or contracts, if the affinity is low. These studies were performed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the direct study in solutions is challenging due to the difficulty of the characterization of this system in relation to the nanometric size and the hybrid character of the nanomaterial. In order to overcome these difficulties, density and viscosity measurements of the NCf dispersions were used at concentrations. 1x10-3, 5x10-3, 1x10-2, 5x10-2 and 1x10-1 g.ml-1 in triplicate. The nucleus of the NCf was characterized by TEM as a spheroid of larger radius 2.5 + 1,1 nm and a smaller radius of 1.9 + 0,6 nm, X-ray diffraction with monoclinic phase and organic load of 35% identified by thermogravimetric analysis. From the viscosimetric measurements, the intrinsic viscosity of the NCf was obtained in the solvents cited using the empirical power equation. With the intrinsic viscosity it was possible to approximate the NCf to a molecule using the Einstein molecular viscosity model and find the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) with values of 4.2 + 0.1 nm for hexane, 4.1 + 0.2 nm for toluene and 4.0 ± 0.2 nm for chloroform. These Rh values were compared to nanostructure characterization techniques, low angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The SAXS values were 4.2 ± 0.1 nm for the NCf in hexane and 4.0 ± 0.1 nm in toluene, not having counts in chloroform due to high X-ray absorption by the solvent. With DLS the values found were 7.0 ± 0.1 nm for the hexane dispersion, 4.9 ± 1.5 nm for the toluene and 3.5 ± 0.3 nm for the chloroform. There was excellent agreement of the data showing the success of the approach of the nanocrystal to a molecule and the viscosimetric characterization. It was observed the importance of the organic layer in the NCf behavior, which represents more than 85% of the volume and is responsible for the high dispersivity of nanocrystals even in high mass fractions (mixture of 80% by mass of NCf in dispersions using toluene). The one-step synthesis in oleic acid showed excellent reproducibility, which allowed the elaboration of this project that used more than 20 g of NCf, an amount considered as ultra-high scale for this type of nanomaterial. The unique properties of this NCf together with the detailed understanding of its behavior in solutions and high-scale synthesis denote a nanomaterial with potential for various industrial applications.
Estimativa de propriedades de resistência e de rigidez de madeiras tropicais brasileiras pela técnica de colorimetria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Almeida, Diego Henrique de; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7043956540589502
There is no consensus in the estimation of the number of native species coming from the Amazon Forest, and it is necessary to study the technological properties of tropical wood species for the rational use of this material. Southern and southeastern Brazilian regions are the main consuming centers of the Brazilian tropical wood species from Amazon Forest, for permanent (structures, roofs and floors) or temporary constructions. The aim of this research is to generate regression models to estimate the strength and stiffness properties of wood via colorimetric parameters and density. For this research were used Brazilian tropical wood species, which meet the strength classes established by the ABNT NBR 7190:1997 Standard Code for dicotyledons, according to their characteristic strengths, between them: Caixeta (Simarouba amara Aubl.), Cajueiro (Anacardium giganteum W. Hancock), Cambará (Erisma uncinatum Warm), Tatajuba (Bagassa guianenses Aubl.) and Roxinho (Peltogyne sp.). Density at 12% moisture content (ρap,12) strength and stiffness properties were estimated: compression parallel to the grain strength (fc0), hardness normal to the grain (fH90), modulus of rupture (fM) and elasticity (EM) in static bending. The following colorimetric parameters were estimated according to the CIE L*a*b* system using a Konica Minolta colorimeter: brightness (L*) and shades on the red/green (a*) and yellow/blue (b*) axes. Eighteen specimens were fabricated for each mechanical properties studied for the five Brazilian tropical wood species used. Quadratic multivariable regression models were used to estimate the mechanical properties of wood. For each of the species the regression models were tested using the colorimetric parameters L*, a* and b*. For all species, density of wood was also considered as an independent variable. The coefficient of determination (R²) for each wood specie varied between 45.50% (fH90 for Roxinho) and 85.30% (fM for Tatajuba). Proposed regression models to group involving all species using density as independent variable were excellent, because, R² values were equal to 94.63, 87.62, 94.14 and 96.08% for estimating EM , fM, fc0 and fH90, respectively.
O papel do gênero na experiência do desemprego de casais portugueses e brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Aguiar, Joyce Cristina dos Santos; Fontaine, Anne Marie Germaine Victorine; Silva, Marisa Matias Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6459521603686551; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1326026335338719
Among the most notorious consequences of the current international financial crisis is the high unemployment rate, in both Brazil and Portugal. Studies indicate that, during periods of economic recession, there is an increase in psychosocial problems, as uncertainty about finding another job causes a decrease in individual well-being. Most studies on the effects of unemployment have been focused on the psychological impacts at the individual level. Few studies have examined how unemployment affects the family, by using different configurations of family unemployment (male unemployment, female unemployment and families in which both members of the couple are unemployed) or by investigating crossover effects, to understand how the condition of the unemployed individual affects other family members. In this study, a first qualitative analysis revealed not only negative aspects but also positive aspects of being unemployed, underscoring the importance of protective factors in this context. Given that families are complex systems, in which individuals participate simultaneously in at least three subsystems (individual, marital and parental), this research aimed to analyze the role of individual and family variables on each subsystem’ satisfaction (satisfaction with life, marital satisfaction and parental satisfaction). Given that professional and family involvements is different according to gender, three family configurations related to unemployment were examined (male unemployment, female unemployment and both couple members unemployment). In both the Portuguese and the Brazilian samples, the group in which both partners were unemployed was the most vulnerable group, with lower ratings of satisfaction. Marital empathy, self-efficacy and family cohesion were relevant predictors of parental, marital and life satisfaction. The protective effect of these variables differed according to the family configuration of unemployment and by gender, but not by country. Crossover effects between members of the couple were observed in families in which women were unemployed: the more empathic the men are, the greater the marital satisfaction of the wives. For the female unemployed group, both spouses’ perception of family cohesion affected their own satisfaction with life, as well as their spouse’s. The results highlight the intensity of unemployment over the family, regardless of the country, evidencing a universal component of the unemployment experience.
Estudo de nanocompósitos de pectina com nanopartículas de quitosana e carvacrol para aplicação em embalagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Souza, Juliana Reghine; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6950120957743619
Brazilian researchers have performed out several works and developed several products from nanostructured materials, which has resulted in an expansion in its research. One of these research fields is focused on minimizing the environmental impact caused by petroleum-derived packaging, which has been increasingly used in our daily lives. From this context, food industries are facing several challenges of reducing environmental damage caused by synthetic polymers, being the production of biodegradable films produced from renewable sources one of the alternatives. Therefore, this project aimed to formulate pectin films with chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) and carvacrol, the major substance of the oregano essential oil. The materials used were pectin (low methoxyl degree, MD), chitosan and carvacrol. The CSNP were synthesized by ionotropic gelatinization in the mass ratio 2:1 (chitosan/sodium triphosphate) and characterized by particle size distribution, zeta potential, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analyze, morphologies and antimicrobial activity. The mean size NPQS was close to 100 nm and Zeta potential above + 30 mV, indicating good suspension stability in water. The value of polydispersity index 0.5 indicates more homogeneous suspensions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for chitosan was 0.15 mg/ml, whereas the NPQS values were 0.10 mg / ml. The films were produced by continuous casting and batch casting at the volumetric concentrations of 5% and 2% pectin in aqueous solution. They were characterized by thickness, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical and thermal properties, water vapor permeability, morphology and antimicrobial activity. The addition of NPQS in the 1% mass concentration of the pectin mass resulted in 100% increments in the mechanical properties. The presence of NPQS and carvacrol increased the second degradation temperature (TD) indicating that there may be a hydrogen interaction between chitosan and pectin. The barrier property remained unchanged with the addition of NPQS and carvacrol, and there could be competition between both reinforcing effects produced by NPQS and the plasticizer of carvacrol.
Modelo para a integração de decisões de localização e transporte na distribuição de medicamentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Osorio, Aura Maria Jalal; Toso, Eli Angela Vitor; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6663631731115739; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3005013606613112
Medicines are sensitive products to environmental factors, especially temperature and humidity. Pharmaceutical logistics must be well planned and executed, in order to ensure the preservation of products and provide the highest customer service levels. Logistic planning begins with the facilities location decision, such as production plants and distribution centers. The plants location is very long-term decision because it requires high investment of capital, time and technology, as well as licenses of sanitary and governmental entities. However, the distribution centers location is more flexible because services for pharmaceutical sector of specialized logistics operators can be hired. These logistic operators have distribution center structures that can be shared among several companies, offering lower logistics costs and flexibility in planning distribution networks. Transport and inventory management decisions, although they are tactical and operational level decisions, they have potential to significantly impact the network performance, therefore should be considered in planning from the beginning. In this context, this work focuses on the planning of the medicines distribution network, proposing a mathematical programming model to support the distribution centers location decision (selection existing sites of the logistic operator) and tactical decisions of transport, more specifically, product flow; modal, freight types and vehicle types selection; and use of escorts in cargo transportation. In the model are considered particular network characteristics, such as conservation of cold chain products and security dealings for the cargo transportation, as well as characteristics of the Brazilian tax context associated with the Tax of Circulation of Goods and Services (ICMS). The proposed model was analyzed based on the real data simplification of a multinational company of pharmaceutical sector. Due to the dimension of the problem, the K-means method was used for product aggregation in families and also the aggregation of demand in the planning horizon was studied, in order to achieve a suitable trade-off between the computational treatability and the practical problem representativeness. The integration of location and transportation decisions presents better results, in terms of logistic cost and ICMS amount payable, compared to a non-integrated approach of the decisions. The results show that the model adequately represents the decisions of the problem and therefore it has the potential to support the decision making process of pharmaceutical distribution network planning.
Resíduos de pneus e da queima do bagaço da cana-de-açucar na fabricação de blocos de concreto para pavimentação (pavers)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Altoé, Silvia Paula Sossai; Martins, Carlos Humberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1665294496138141; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9217197075822499
The use of waste in the construction industry is gaining more space in the scientific universe and a very discussed point is the real durability and possibility of using the materials developed. The real contribution of this form of waste recycling comes against major environmental issues of the various sectors of the industry, such as the use of natural waste, the inadequate disposal of waste generated and all the consequences generated by them. The present research had as proposal to analyze the potential of use of bagasse ash, sugar and the residue of tires in the manufacture of concrete blocks for paving in place of the small aggregate, the natural sand. For this, initially, the residues were characterized to know their characteristics and feasibility in the substitution, later several substitution contents were studied with the objective of reaching an optimal trait, determined from the physical and mechanical properties analysis of the pieces (dimensional standard , mechanical strength, water absorption and abrasion wear index). After determining the optimal trait, enough pieces were made to execute a prototype road, which was analyzed for a period of 4 months, according to the following parameters: general appearance, infiltration, surface temperature and durability (absorption and abrasion). The optimum substitution content was 27%, 25% of BCC and 2% of tire residue, due to the fact that the trait presented results in the tests performed very close to the reference trait, ie, not negatively influencing characteristics analyzed. An additional aspect analyzed was also the neutralization efficiency of the potentially contaminating metals present in both residues used when used in the proposed civient matrix, which was proven, thus showing that the paver can be considered an environmentally adequate destination for both residues. In the analysis of the behavior of the pieces along the use, no significant difference between the run with waste and the run without waste was observed or raised in the tests performed, which again demonstrate the potentiality of the initial proposal. It can be concluded that, for the conditions studied, the replacement of the small aggregate by CBC and tire waste is potentially feasible, thus contributing to the achievement of a sustainable product.
Vulnerabilidade externa estrutural: uma análise comparativa do Brasil frente aos BRICS de 2003-2012
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Silva, Raphael de Oliveira; Roselino Júnior, José Eduardo de Salles; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7410971805108456; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1607374084886589
This study analyzes the dynamics of Brazilian structural external vulnerability in perspective compared to the other BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) in the period of high commodity prices from 2003 to 2012. Taking into account Given the need to achieve the proposed objectives, this study reviews the literature on external vulnerability, changes in the capitalist system, and the BRICS performance profile. The methodology is based on the indicators proposed by Filgueiras and Gonçalves (2007) and with statistical significance, especially in Kaminsky, Lizondo and Reinhart (1998), Chinn and Ito (2006), Loayza and Raddatz (2007) and Hausmann et al. (2011). This paper seeks to contribute to the literature on structural external vulnerability in Brazil in a comparative perspective during a period favorable to its economic growth.
Análise da sazonalidade e regionalidade em suco de laranja natural por ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) e quimiometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Oliveira, Clayton Rodrigues de; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7172297688805316
The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been become increasingly helpful as an analytical tool to assess the food quality, specially to highlight fruit juice in the last few years. In this context, NMR has presented solutions to identify frauds such as addition of unauthorized or not allowed compounds in fruit juices, wines, honeys, spirits, coffees, olive oil, etc.. The development of databases is used for this purpose which enables to perform at the same time the quantification of large numbers of compounds into the samples, as well as to provide the information about origin, variety and type of fruit that were used throughout orange juice production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seasonality and regionality in fresh orange juice used to produce concentrated orange juice for exportation through the orange varieties hamlin, pera, natal, and valência (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). 1H NMR and 2D analysis enabled us to characterize more than 20 compounds in fresh orange juice, and also to quantify the content of sugars (sucrose, α and β-glucose, and fructose), acids (citric, malic, ascorbic, succinic, and γ-aminobutyric (GABA)), aminoacids (proline, arginine, alanine, threonine, and valine), ratio and ethanol. The seasonality effects were evaluated by using principal components analysis (PCA), where it was possible to determine that region 3 showed more explicity defined seasonality stages for the varieties pera, natal and valência across the 2014 harvest. In contrast, the hamlin type presented more defined seasonality stages in region 2 for 2014´s harvest. The 1H NMR allied to supervised analysis of Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) lead to development of models where it was possible to distinguish the year of harvest, type of orange (early or late), type of variety (hamlin, pera, natal or valência) and the region (1, 2 or 3) where the orange juice was obtained.
Comparação transcricional dos túbulos de Malpighi e corpo gorduroso de Zophobas morio: função de AMP-CoA ligases nos túbulos e relação com lanternas de Arachnocampa luminosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-27) Silva, Jaqueline Rodrigues da; Viviani, Vadim Ravara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3942043373510668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5385528342715589
The Malpighian tubules in insects play an essential role in osmoregulation, performing transport of ions and fluids during the formation of primary urine, whereas fat body is usually associated with the intermediary metabolism. The tubules also are involved in excretion of organic solutes and xenobiotics, and in unusual functions such as bioluminescence in Diptera. However, with the exception of a preliminar transcriptional survey of the Zophobas morio larval tubules, there are no detailed transcriptional analysis of this organ in Coleoptera. A luciferase-like enzyme that displays weak luminescence activity in the presence of firefly D-luciferin was cloned from the tubules of Z. morio larvae. Therefore, to better understand the molecular physiology of tubules and fat body in Coleoptera and analyse the AMP-CoA ligases enzymes, we performed a comparative transcriptional analysis of these tissues from Z. morio. As expected, the tubules displayed organic and inorganic transporters, xenobiotic metabolism enzymes, V-ATPases, channels, and pumps. Fat body showed proteins that are synthesized in this tissue and secreted to the hemolymph, lipidic and carbohydrates metabolism enzymes. Although these tissues perform distinct physiological functions in insects, they are also involved in common pathways, such as nitrogen metabolism to degradation/excretion, eye pigments biosynthesis, immunity, and detoxification. Ours results corroborate to the physiological versatility of tubules and fat body in a Coleopteran larvae. Futhermore our analysis also indicates the presence of coumarate like-ligases isoforms that could be related to degradation of coumaric acids derivatives or biosynthesis of eye pigments.