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Electronic and optical properties of Quasi-2D nanostructures and exfoliated systems
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-30)
Meneses Gustin, Diana Mercedes
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Richard, Victor Lopez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4492188799583104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0910995987339213
This thesis is aiming to study, according to a theoretical approaches, the electronic and optical properties of quasi-2D semiconductor quantum systems. Using the k · p model as basis we obtained a satisfactory set of results that explain certain optical processes, described below, of nanoscale confined systems such as quantum wells or monolayer atoms. The need and the systematic implementation of new and higher levels of approximation from the original electronic structure models also are themes broadly described here. One of the first contributions of this study was the verification of the necessity of a new approach to describe the phonon-carrier interactions in GaAs-based quantum wells beyond the deformation potential theory. Thus, the Frohlich interaction was considered in our model, revealing the existence of phonon assisted couplings between different states in the valence and conduction band, which resulted in significant changes in the electronic structure. The results of this approach, as well as the simulations and new predictions allowed us to explain two intriguing effects: (i) the potential observation of magneto-polarons of light-heavy holes, (ii) the relevance of 2D states as intermediaries in relaxation processes, assisted by phonons, from a 3D structure to a 0D. Another system studied was the two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ), in which the carrier scattering depends on perturbation locally induced in the material. One version of the Dirac Hamiltonian for massive particles was used. The scattering processes have been described in terms of the phase shift and the corresponding cross sections. By comparing the results of this model with those obtained using a parabolic dispersion relation with an appropriate effective mass was possible to obtain interesting information regarding the conductivity of both electronic models. The asymptotic regimes of each of the models were also studied, and for low energies, where both dispersions coincide in parabolic bands, the scattering process is dominated by channels with low angular momentum and still result in almost comparable dispersion amplitudes. On the other hand, the differential cross section in the high energy regime has the clear signature of the two scattering relations. The understanding of the electronic dynamics in these systems is promising for the design of structures with desired functionalities, as exemplified by presenting the differential cross sections for different types of scattering centers.
Os sistemas de treinamento de força pirâmide crescente e drop-set não promovem maiores ganhos de força, massa muscular e mudanças na arquitetura muscular comparado ao treinamento de força tradicional em homens treinados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-30)
Angleri, Vitor
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Libardi, Cleiton Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516265500891144
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effects of crescent pyramid (CP) and Drop-set (DS) systems with traditional resistance training (TRAD) with equalized total training volume (TTV) on maximum dynamic strength (1-RM), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), pennation angle (PA) and fascicle length (FL). Methods Thirty-two volunteers had their legs randomized in a within-subject design in TRAD (3-5 sets of 6-12 repetitions at 75% 1-RM), CP (3-5 sets of 6-15 repetitions at 65-85% 1-RM) and DS (3-5 sets of ~50-75% 1-RM to muscle failure) protocols. Each leg was trained for 12 weeks. Participants had one leg fixed in the TRAD while the contralateral leg performed either CP or DS to allow for TTV equalization. Results The CSA increased significantly and similarly for all protocols (TRAD: 7.6%; CP: 7.5%; DS: 7.8%). All protocols showed significant and similar increases in leg press 45º (TRAD = 25.9%; CP = 25.9%; DS = 24.9%) and leg extension 1-RM loads (TRAD = 16.6%; CP = 16.4%; DS = 17.1%). All protocols increased PA (TRAD = 10.6%; CP = 11.0%; DS = 10.3%) and FL (TRAD = 8.9%; CP = 8.9%; DS = 9.1%) similarly. Conclusion CP and DS systems do not promote greater gains in strength muscle hypertrophy and changes in muscle architecture compared to traditional resistance training.
Imobilização de lipases pela técnica CLEA para síntese de biodiesel em reator de fluxo em vórtice
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-30)
Díaz-Ramos, Margarita
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Kopp, Willian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3856554957880380
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
Due to the heterogeneity of the vegetable oils used in the synthesis of biodiesel, they can be transformed more quickly using a mixture consisting of lipases with different activities and specificities instead of single lipases. In this context, this PhD work aimed to evaluate the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel in vortex flow reactor catalyzed with a mixture of lipases. The lipases were selected and later immobilized by a low-cost technique known as CLEA (cross-linked enzyme aggregate). Mixtures of two lipases from different sources including Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Candida antarctica fraction B (CALB), porcine pancreas (PPL) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) lipases were evaluated in the transesterification of soybean oil. The mixture of 50 % of PPL and 50 % of TLL reached the highest concentration of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). Under the conditions evaluated, it was obtained 22.03% in 8 h, whereas the individual lipases, TLL and PPL reached 4.32 % and 0.22 % of FAEE, respectively. These lipases were individually immobilized by CLEA technique and evaluated (individually and mixed) in the ethylic transesterification of soybean oil. The PPL CLEA, called PPL-SP-CLEA, reached around 60 % FAEE, a concentration 12 times higher than that achieved with soluble PPL after 34 h of reaction and with a 2-fold lower enzymatic loading. On the other hand, the LTL CLEA, called LTL-SDS-CLEA, was prepared using ethanol as a precipitant, the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and glutaraldehyde. The CLEAs LPP-PS-CLEA and LTL-SDS-CLEA were used in a mixture (50 % - 50 %) to catalyze the transesterification of soybean oil. The use of the mixture within 48 hours of reaction resulted in the increase of the final FAEE concentration of almost 20% relative to the individual CLEAs. Through 10 h of reaction, the mixture of CLEAs reached 90% of the FAEE mass concentration. Finally, this mixture was evaluated in the vortex flow reactor, reaching 86.1% of FAEE in 6 h of reaction and saving nearly 80% of activity through 5 cycles of reaction. The mixture of CLEAs LPP-PS-CLEA and LTL-SDS-CLEA showed to be a potential approach to improve the rate of the transesterification reaction, by the synergistic action of lipases.
Análise estrutural e relacional do sistema de avaliação da CAPES em programas de pós-graduação no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-31)
Matui, Paulo César
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Sacomano Neto, Mário
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3944258239162952
The objective of this research was to study how the academic field actors’ elaborate relational lines of action for transformation and stabilization of the field of scientific research. We have identified that the connection of the PPGs to the evaluation system is the key piece for understanding the evaluation process in the CAPES system. Also, there are indications that strategic action is associated with private organizations, and that action in public organizations is best understood as a dispositional relationship in a force field. For this study we rely on the field theories and sensemaking as the underlying theories of complex network analysis. The object, postgraduate programs in administration, production engineering and mechanics, was relationally represented from data of the CAPES portal. These are: notebooks, area reports, triennial evaluations, among others. For the 2004-2006, 2007-2009 and 2010-2012 triennia we have raised 148 events (PPGs, and CAPES councils and commissions) and 1054 teachers. The networks were elaborated from the affiliation of the teachers to the events for each triennium. Another aspect to be observed is the profile of the curves of modularity and density over the triennia. The relationship between these metrics in time shows us conditions of stability or instability, which found confirmatory triangulation in the interviews performed after the networks analysis. The decrease in density (D) and increase in modularity (Q) represent, in addition to the conditions of a field, its topology. What has proved powerful in the representation of fields, in the identification of socially skilled actors - collective and individual.
O Contra-iluminismo do Marquês de Sade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-31)
Mattos, Elizângela Inocêncio
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Monzani, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7750062710372317
This work aims to analyze the theoretical bases by which the Marquis de Sade built his philosophy, namely precisely the influence of La Mettrie and Holbach, which includes a study of nature and the mechanical question in the composition of beings, incurring to a fundamental determinism in the materialist current of the eighteenth century. It is important to understand how he took the thesis of mankind as a machine and the idea of a creative-destructive nature which allowed him to have a declared immoralism, based not only on nature, but also on militant atheism. The consequences of this path, incurs on the thesis of the counter-enlightenment of the Marquis de Sade who, man of his time, built a work based on combat, on denunciation, on the dominant discourse that characterizes the difference between strong and weak. The happiness demand is achieved by the total flow of passions, exploring all the dimensions of the corporal machine that can be happy, under the libertine optics, in the practice of crime. The way how Sade anticipates on treating evil as a component of nature, source of pleasure, also results in the intolerance of the libertine towards the victim.
O Marco Referencial da rede municipal de ensino de Sorocaba: análise do escrito e de sua influência no trabalho docente, à luz de Paulo Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-31)
Bravo, Daniela Gaete Sewaybricker
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Torres, Juliana Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0012269449134102
This study aims to study the Referential Framework of the Sorocaba municipal school network and aims to verify the extent to which the presence of Paulo Freire's Liberating Education, present in the Referential Framework of the Municipal Education Network of Sorocaba, is aligned with the teaching work of school units. It presents a qualitative approach and made use of some instruments of data collection and analysis. We used bibliographical research, documentary analysis structured in a Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) approach and questionnaires with open and closed questions, which were applied to educators of the Sorocaba-SP municipal school system. Thus, we used the bibliographical research to present the Sorocaba Referential Framework and the process of its elaboration, as well as to highlight and characterize Paulo Freire's Liberating Education assumptions related to the fundamentals of the Frankfurt School and Critical Theory. Later, the conception of Education of Freire, the Liberating Education, was made explicit. The analysis of the Referential Framework was carried out through the discursive textual analysis, which culminated in the systematization of metatexts organized into two broad emerging categories: Extracts that refer to Freire and Extracts that do not refer to Freire. Beyond these broad categories, some subcategories emerged: dialogicity, awareness, education, problematization and emancipation. We also conducted a field survey through the application of questionnaires (with open and closed questions) to the teachers, in order to relate the analysis of the document to the interpretations of the reality experienced in the municipal schools of Sorocaba.
Registros de representação semiótica: contribuições para o letramento probabilístico no 9º ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-31)
Moraes, Carlos Afonso Silveira
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3344538280370589
This research had the objective of describing and analyzing a teaching-learning concept of Probability in two classes of the ninth elementary school, in a municipal public school in Salto de Pirapora, in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The acquisition of probabilistic language in learning concept of probability was a motivating factor for the research project. The theoretical contributions of this research involved the records of semiotic representation by Raymond Duval and the literary probabilistic in the perspective of Iddo Gal. The guiding question of the research was: "How are records of semiotic representation mobilized and coordinated in tasks involving the context probabilistic? "A field work was elaborated with activities involving classical and frequentist probability, counting and statistics and a didactic sequence using experiments sample space, probability of simple events, events composites, bar graphs, relative frequency, frequency distribution and the tree diagram. As a teacher-researcher, the production of information originated from activities developed by students in the form of written protocols, in addition to audio records of dialogues that occurred in the correction of activities and records in the logbook. The results of the analysis of the empirical material of the research revealed that the students used different registers of semiotic representation in the resolution of tasks. The mobilization and coordination of these registers support the development of students' probabilistic literacy. Like this work was derived from the analysis of a pedagogical practice, it is expected there are contributions to the teaching practice in content involving combinatorial, statistical and probability for elementary school.
A ascensão da lógica financeira sob a perspectiva da teoria do capitalismo acadêmico: consequências para a formação do engenheiro de produção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-31)
Sigahi, Tiago Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti
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Saltorato, Patrícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3446837123289659
This research explores the ways through which a network of actors inside (e.g. administrators, professors, students, departments) and outside (e.g. governments, corporations, multilateral organizations, private foundations) university – including the university itself – engages in the process of blurring the boundaries between public and private, a phenomenon known as academic capitalism. This study articulates research on organization theory, higher education and sociology of economy, and employs theoretical (systematic literature review, narrative literature research and document analysis) and empirical (questionnaires, case study, business press, social networks, interviews) approaches. Initially, an overview on Theory of Academic Capitalism' research is presented, comparing it with competing/complementary theories, and proposing classification schemes based on analytical level, research focus, and findings. In analyzing transformations of Brazilian higher education from macrostructural/organizational perspectives, it will be argued that academic capitalism takes its first steps after the Reform of 1968; rises and gains more intense contours in the 80's; consolidates in the 90's; instrumentalizes itself in the 2000s and based on the associations between the current government and the business sector, threatens to take an even more aggressive form in the coming years. This process has facilitated the entry of actors of the Finance field (banks, investment funds, gurus of management, CEOs-celebrity) into the field of higher education, who find in student organizations the meanings to reproduce narratives, discourses, behaviors, and performance metrics aligned with financial logic, legitimizing a new ethos and influencing student education. In the case of the production engineers' education, which is the focus of this work, such transformations can be perceived in the rapid expansion of the Financial Market Leagues (FML), a movement that gained projection only in 2015, but have already reached 56 Brazilian universities. A survey with 82 members of these organizations revealed that these students, influenced by the perception that such environments represent not only greater financial gains but also more challenging/dynamic opportunities, have increasingly fueled expectations of inclusion in the financial sector. A case study conducted in the undergraduate course of Production Engineering at a national public university (NPU) allowed to verify an increase of 450% in the annual average of internships in this sector after the creation of the FML on this campus, in addition to the decrease (33%) of graduates in the industrial sector. On the one hand, the FML-NPU fostered a dynamics that strengthened the ties between university and financial sector actors, boosting the insertion of students in this sector. On the other hand, it triggered a sociocultural dynamic that sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly, hierarchizes the students between "the selected and the unselected", between those who "went to the bank" and those who did not, segregating them. Interviews with the founders of FML-NPU revealed the strategies used to co-opt "easy-to-shape" students, catechizing them according to the aggressive culture of results. It will be sought to demonstrate that the data presented here represent to some degree one of the consequences of the rise of the aforementioned financial logic, firstly announced in the productive sphere and now sneaks into the education of production engineers itself.
Propriedades de sistemas de pontos quânticos semicondutores acoplados e sua resposta óptica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-10-31)
Cabral, Luís Antônio
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Silva, Juarez Lopes Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7424727996189469
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Richard, Victor Lopez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4492188799583104
The study of doped semiconductor quantum dots with magnetic impurities has been a challenging task when adding spin-orbit coupling and exchange interaction with asymmetry effects. The combination of all these factors within a single theoretical model, simultaneously analyzed with external fields, reveals interesting properties. Within this framework, the adjustment of the effective Zeeman splitting due to the asymmetry and the character of the ground state are determined. The effective mass model of the electronic structure, that allows combining different confinement profiles with reduction of controllable symmetry, spin-orbit interaction effects and external fields under a variety of configurations, in a systematic way has been complemented with atomistic simulations. The connection between the effective mass model and such atomistic approaches was done through a characterization of the main trends for the manganese positioning (Mn) in cells containing cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots covered by zinc selenide (ZnSe), as well as the exchange interaction terms, which is calculated with a fully ab initio technique. Imperfections in nanostructures are also within the scope of this Thesis. Defects can induce magnetism in low-dimensional systems, wherein the challenge is to identify the source of this nano-magnetism in non-magnetic semiconductors, such as CdSe. In this Thesis, we present an optical evidence of this nano-magnetism due to the presence of vacancies. The formation energy analysis and the effects of the stress fields for the charged and uncharged defects under various geometries provided a better understanding of the experimental results. In addition, a study of the local deformations was performed using the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Within the density functional theory, an organic molecule, called azobenzene, was placed on the MoS2 layer in order to investigate the adsorption properties of the system.
Descoberta do estilo de aprendizagem pela experiência do estudante e expectativa do professor para a recomendação de REA'S
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-01)
Silva, Marco Antonio Colombo da
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Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5676243666925658
Now a days, many teachers and apprentices use Open Educational Resources (OER) to boost the learning teaching process. Development and popularization of the internet and various devices that support them increased interest in OERs. However, many teachers still find difficulties in adoption. The barriers encountered are technological, cultural or economical. Initiatives which freely offer the possibility of authorship and adaptation of Open Educational Resources (OERs) with no need of specific knowledge in computing, and also enable their reuse and sharing, act to mitigate such barriers. This work was done in order to develop an approach to assist the teacher in creating activities with OERs able to generate registries of their experiences, which are the basis for discovering learning style for the subsequent recommendation of other OERs that fit this style. To achive this goals, the work presents an architecture for the approach, a model for interpretation of experience using expectation, as well as a use scene and a logical design for an instance of the approach as a proof of concept.
O crescimento de espécies arbóreas em plantios de restauração florestal e sua relação com atributos funcionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-01)
Reis Júnior, José Carmelo de Freitas
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Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3014529861521751
Forest restoration research focus mainly in tree growth and survival, missing research with functional aspects that explain evaluated growth parameters. Analyze functional attributes it is one of the ways to understand ecological strategies and function variations in organisms and, so useful to evaluate behaviors on different methods of restoration. Before that, we out lined hypothesis that growth, stated in basal area, of cover tree species was reduced in dense method or in under eucaliptus canopy method when compared o conventional method with 3 x 2 m and full sun. And the growth of these species in restoration methods was related to functional attributes. Six species were evaluated in three restoration methods. The species development, evaluated by basal area, varied according to the method. Generally, trees grew more in conventional method, with intermediate grew in under canopy method, and grew less in dense method. There was interaction between growth species in the different methods. Thus, the results indicate that some species would grow better than others in certain conditions, and future research should detail this aspects, searching change species for restoration projects. The basal area grew for species in methods was little explained by variations in functional strategy to explain the behavior of cover tree species.
Segurança e Educação em debates eleitorais da Colômbia : um estudo sobre discursos políticos nas eleições presidenciais de 2010
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-01)
Garay, Mónica Guerrero
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Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0423003429878585
Considerando la importancia del lenguaje en la política y entendiendo el análisis del discurso político, como un campo de saber que permite la descripción de efectos de sentido dados a partir de determinadas condiciones históricas, entre las cuales encontramos el contexto político electoral y las diferentes ideologías que este comprende, este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los enunciados sobre seguridad y educación producidos por los candidatos Antanas Mockus Sivickas, del Partido Verde, y Juan Manuel Santos, del Partido de la U (Unidad Nacional), en los dos últimos debates electorales del período de elecciones del año 2010. Partiendo del postulado de Pêcheux en el que existe una relación constitutiva entre la lengua y las ideologías, en la medida en que esta última se materializa en la primera, cuando se produce un discurso, (Pêcheux, 2011) y a su vez Orlandi (2012) sintetiza en los siguientes terminos: “o discurso é a materialidade específica da ideologia e a língua é a materialidade específica do discurso”, es desde ese sentido que emprendemos el análisis de los enunciados sobre seguridad y educación formulados y mencionados por los dos candidatos los debates finales de las elecciones presidenciales de Colombia en el año 2010. Los análisis se iniciarán con la presentación de las condiciones de producción de los discursos, que comprenden factores del contexto electoral y la historia política de Colombia, deduciendo las ideologías que se encuentran materializadas en las formaciones discursivas, así como los recursos lingüísticos, enunciativos y textuales que los candidatos emplean en sus discursos. En resumen, la propuesta consiste en entender los discursos políticos electorales de estos candidatos Santos y Mockus, identificando y comparando sus afinidades discursivas y consecuentemente sus identidades y diferencias ideológicas. A partir del análisis de los procesos discursivos se puede constatar que los candidatos Mockus y Santos enuncian desde la posición ideológica en la que se encuentran inscritos, evidenciando en sus discursos posiciones históricas que a su vez producen diferentes efectos de sentido entre los electores.
A educação militar aeronáutica brasileira: um estudo sobre a origem da formação de oficiais aviadores para a FAB (1941-1950)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-01)
Bercho, Carolina Fuzaro
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Godoy, Tânia Regina Pires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5950885336061489
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
The aim of this research is to analyze the formation of the Officers for the Military Aviation area from the beginning of the Ministry of Aeronautics’ creation, from 1941 to 1960 at the Aeronautics School, located in Campo dos Afonsos, Rio de Janeiro. We start from the assumption that from the 1940s onwards, the developmental initiative of Getúlio Vargas's government caused the union of the Aviation Forces in Brazil from the Creation of the Ministry of Aeronautics, and, consequently, the formation necessity of military officers for The "newcomer" Brazilian Air Force. In this context, we raise the following research question: How did the initial military education of these officers occur during and after World War II? There were prerogatives for the formation of "air warriors" through which methodological perspectives? Through the analysis of the state of the art on military education, the history of the School of Aeronautics and the collection and analysis of primary sources of research, such as the student curriculum analysis sheets and the Esquadrilha Review (elaborated by the student officers themselves). Between the years of 1941 and 1960, we will observe the educational profile and the cultural scene of the official student, its uses and customs and the routine in the form of boarding school necessary for its formation. The research contributes to the History of Education, in military format, since the object of the research involves the profile of Aeronautical Military Teaching, in a training school for Officers responsible for the air defense of the country. To speak in Military Education is to speak of methods, norms, traditions and historical legacies that refer to the beginning of education in Brazil, since the traditional educational model in the training school remains the same until the present day. Primary sources located at the University of the Air Force's Teaching Memory Center in the archives of the Air Force Academy's teaching division, legislations and interviews will serve as a database for the composition of this research.
Fazer estado, produzir ordem: sobre projetos e práticas na gestão do conflito urbano em favelas cariocas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-07)
Motta, Luana Dias
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102
This thesis deals with the urban conflict in contemporary Brazil, which in recent decades has had violence as the core of its figuration. Specifically, it reflects on the contours assumed by state management in the effort to contain this conflict through social projects and programs with poor populations. Looking at state management through social projects contributes to the debate about state interventions in poverty areas by highlighting other forms of intervention besides the police action, but above all by pointing out the relationship and complementarity between management via social and that one supported by state repression. The research was developed from ethnographic work carried out in the favela Cidade De Deus (City of God), in Rio de Janeiro, focused on the routine of police-teachers assigned from the local UPP to teach courses and on the work of counselors and tutors who performed individual assistance for young people. The perceptions of these state agents about the urban conflict and about the strategies to intervene with it are synthesized from the descriptions of their daily practices with the so-called vulnerable young people. Their strategies for approaching these young people, categorizing them as dangerous or virtuous, and explaining the reasons for the different profiles signal a way of doing management that is not restricted to the Cidade de Deus. There are four dimensions of this way of doing social management to be remarked. The social origin of these state agents "on the edge" is very similar to those they deal with; when "poor people are taking care of poor people" identifications and familiarity are produced, but also hierarchies and distinctions, which allow the affections and engagements to combine with the effort to produce order and normalization. The second dimension refers to the centrality of the category of vulnerable youth, not only as a part of the population but, above all, as an operating category that integrates the grid from which the urban conflict itself is read. Making vulnerable youth legible to intervene on it is an imperative. The third dimension touches on the fact that vulnerability is the metric through which it has been possible to differentiate the poor, classifying them according to the risks of them becoming agents of violence and threat to society. The fourth dimension concerns the fact that the management of urban conflict via social does not appear as an alternative to or opposes to public security; rather the social has been constituted as a complementary form of doing public security, having its objectives strongly coupled with efforts to produce order, prevent and combat violence. In this perspective, state practices directed to poor populations are increasingly synonymous with containment of urban conflict. In this sense, observing the practices of state agents who are "on the edge" of social interventions in poverty territories allows us to reveal the "making state" in and by the efforts to produce order.
Uma abordagem para captura automatizada de dados abertos governamentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-07)
Ferreira, Juliana Sabino
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Álvaro, Alexandre
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9929982894313130
Currently open government data run an important job on regards to public transparency, besides being obligated by law. But most of this data are stored in non-standard ways, isolated and independent, making it very hard for its use by third party systems providers. This work proposes the creation of an approach for capturing this open government data in an automated way, allowing its use in various applications. For that a Web Crawler was built for the capture and storing of this open government data, as well as an API for making this data available in JSON format, that way developers can easily use this data on their application. We also performed an evaluation of the API for developers with different levels of experience.
Os especialistas escolares no trabalho de mentoria : desafios e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-09)
Borges, Fabiana Vigo Azevedo
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Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250195451890332
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270770104034713
This thesis presents a research on the performance of mentors – experienced teachers that guide and support early-stage teachers in their initial teaching practice – during their participation in an online program for mentorship training (Programa de Formação Online de Mentores – PFOM). PFOM is a program offered by UFScar in distance education, with live mentorship training in public schools. The main goal of the research is to analyze the type and extent of the learning and of the contributions that these participations provoked to the knowledge base of these experienced teachers. It also aimed to observe the challenges and possibilities faced by these mentors, as well as the similarities and differences between the vary roles they have as coordinators, directors and supervisors at the school with those they had to perform during the mentorship. The research, thus, investigated how the performance of the experienced teachers as mentors contributed to their own professional development and learning, verifying whether there was any change in their knowledge base for the teaching and guiding of the early-stage teachers. To do so, a qualitative study of a descriptive-analytical nature was conducted through a detailed intervention-research carried out at PFOM, which is based on a constructive-collaborative approach and whose subjects are three participants of the program. The participants are all experienced teachers who work as a director, a coordinator and a supervisor each at a public school, and who became the mentor of early-stage teachers during their participation in the PFOM. Narratives produced by the subjects were used for data-gathering, which were analyzed under the following categories: (i) initial conceptions and beliefs about early-stage teaching and mentorship; (ii) similarities and differences between the tasks performed at school and those accomplished during the mentorship; (iii) the contributions of the program for the teaching practice of the subjects and the expansion of their docent knowledge base; and (iv) the construction of a mentor identity. Theoretically, the research is grounded on authors who study teacher education, programs for induction of early-stage teachers, the knowledge base for teaching practice, and the knowledge of teacher trainers, such as Marcelo Garcia (1999, 2009), Mizukami (2004,2010); Reali et. al (2008, 2011), Vaillant (2003, 2004), among others. At the end of the analysis, it was found that the context where the early-stage teachers teach, their academic formation and their knowledge base influence their professional practice and, thus, result in specific challenges in the classroom, which are solved with the help of the mentors – mainly based on their personal teaching experiences rather than on their expertise. Besides, it was noted occasional interferences of some tasks of the experienced teachers in their mentorship, considering the hierarchy and varied duties related to their position at the school. Therefore, special attention to contextual issues and to the amount of time required for the fulfillment of tasks related to the school position is needed when planning the mentorship. Additionally, the specific formation of mentors in induction programs is essential so they are able to well support, orient and guide, the development of early-stage teachers during their first professional practices, in order to minimize the challenges observed in the research. Accordingly, it is necessary a well-planned work of mentorship, considering the professional experience of the early-stage teachers, a reflexive teaching and guiding practice, and contextual demands.
Desenvolvimento de nanofibras poliméricas por fiação por sopro em solução visando aplicação em engenharia de tecido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-09)
Paschoalin, Rafaella Takehara
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3170218211847010
Tissue engineering is now essential for medical applications, such as in implants for biomedical devices, artificial organs, healing and skin regeneration. The success of these applications depends on the development of biomaterials, which should be accompanied by the study of biomaterial/cell interactions. In this work, nanostructured polymer mats were developed with a solution blow spinning technique (SBS). Polymers mats were characterized aiming the knowledge of their physicochemical properties as well as the processing effects and their effects in the biological response. Specifically, mats composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers and PLA/polyethyleneglycol (PEG) blends were produced in the ratio of PLA/PEG 99:1, 95:5, 90:10 and 80:20 (m/m). PEG dissolution of the PLA/PEG polymer mats was evaluated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture medium. Also, the biodegradation of polymer mats was evaluated by culture in agar, which was performed by inoculating the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the fibers. The results of the polymer mats with PBS and cell culture medium demonstrated that after 12 hours of exposure a portion of PEG on the fiber surface was dissolved, probably due to PEG solubility in water, that can be used to adjust the polymeric fibers degradation rates. The biodegradation results allowed observing the degradation in function of the polymer fibers incubation time by means of the action of S. aureus bacteria. Cytotoxicity of mesenchymal stem cells (CTM) seeded on polymer mats were determined by the LDH release medium and MTT (Abbreviation for the dye compound 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor) assay. The release of LDH into the culture medium and MTT assay demonstrated that the scaffolds are not cytotoxic. The response of immature dendritic cells (iDCs) interaction with polymers mats was analyzed. The results showed that dendritic cells physically interacted and furthermore moved along nanofibers. After contact with biomaterials DCs cells showed the costimulatory molecules levels and MHC class II were similar to the immature DCs control group. DCs retained an immature phenotype, which is characterized by low or absent expression of up regulation of surface marker and cytokines. Thus, PLA fibers and the PLA/PEG blends do not stimulated DCs maturation. PLA nanofibers and PLA/PEG blends are not cytotoxic and do not induce dendritic cell maturation then, they become interesting for tissue engineering application.
A interdisciplinaridade na ótica de graduandos da saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-09)
Ramalho, Maria Tereza
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El-Khatib, Umaia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8417513594802650
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Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650
The interdisciplinarity in health care implies the articulation between different areas of knowledge around a common health care project, which has been pointed as an alternative to the mismatch between the training of new professionals and the needs of health users. One of the main components of professional training in health is the curricular stages provided in the pedagogical projects of undergraduate courses. The Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) has the Health School Unit (USE), a center for training and production of health knowledge in which teaching, research and extension activities are carried out, including undergraduate curricular internships. With the objective of investigating the interdisciplinarity under the eyes of undergraduate students of the courses of Physical Therapy, Gerontology, Medicine, Psychology and Occupational Therapy in curricular stages in USE, a qualitative approach was carried out. The participants were fifteen students, of the last year of the graduation, of both sexes, in the age group between twenty and twenty-six years. As a data collection technique, the semi-structured interview was used from a script with six guiding questions, which were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The results showed that undergraduates consider the interdisciplinary practice in health care as important and their contribution to the acquisition of new knowledge and knowledge, which can generate benefits for the users. They also revealed that, although interdisciplinarity is considered fundamental, its application in the daily practice of internships is far from what is considered ideal, recognizing that it demands time, interest, dedication, negotiation and dialogue among professionals with diverse academic backgrounds, as well as interaction relations between different areas of knowledge in order to qualify the health care offered. These results suggest the need for joint management and planning, based on the articulation of undergraduate courses – in order to achieve the interdisciplinary objectives contained in the Pedagogical Political Plans – and the professional learning field, the UFSCar Health School Unit, for promote and favor interdisciplinary practice in the process of training in Health.
Formação continuada na creche: fatos e fotos que revelam um percurso formativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-09)
Pinto, Adriana Santos
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Fernandes, Hylio Laganá
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1788143538998611
We understand that it is important and necessary to learn about the profession and teacher training, seeking in the territory of the school the gaps and spaces to strengthen the continuous training, providing the professional basis for reflection and transformation of their practices. The present research investigated a Continuous Formation of the professionals of the nursery was held in the year 2016, and their challenges in providing professional education to raise awareness of the look for the nursery as a space of childhood and reflection on the pedagogical practice. The research presented is related to the qualitative with phenomenological approach, and its development was from the combination of strategies, investigative approaches, with semi-structured interviews mediated by photographs of the formation process searched for; technique that approaches photo-elicitation. About the choice of photographs as elicitadoras we understand that the images are producers of meanings, as well as the relevant data source, and memory. The results show that we can follow in the against-hand of the model of ongoing formation, the cartesian, where if separates the body and mind. The narratives that emerged from the interviews and the choices meaningful images of the training expressing the experiences and experiments with the elements of nature, the use of other spaces and the aesthetic sense of the organization of the environment, cause reverberations, and changes in the practice of the actors involved, revealing the possibility of another model of continuing education in the daily life of the nursery.
Reversão de função de estímulos matemáticos com procedimentos de discriminação em escolares com ansiedade à matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-11-09)
Fioraneli, Rogério Crevelenti
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Elias, Nassim Chamel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695
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Carmo, João dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
The presence of aversive control during mathematics teaching can produce a response pattern called mathematics anxiety, which involves escape and avoidance every time an individual is requested to use mathematical knowledge; besides negative physiological reaction, and negative self-attributions. Typically individuals with math anxiety, besides its mathematics difficulties, forms conceptual classes in which mathematics stimuli are associated to unpleasant and punitive events. The literature about reversals of equivalent stimuli classes has pointed out promising directions, but none study has yet been conduct to document the reversals of negative meanings of math stimuli present on pre-experimental classes of math anxiety individuals. The present study aims to: (1) reverse pre-experimental classes formed by math stimuli; (2) establish a new class with positive social aspects and math stimuli; (3) ample the data about reversals of equivalence classes; (4) inaugurate studies about reversals of classes containing pre-experimental and aversive math stimuli in individuals with math anxiety. Three studies were conducted with primary school students who presented anxiety about mathematics in response to a specific scale. The procedure will consist of pre, training and post tests involving stimuli reinforcing social patterns, non-reinforcing social patterns, abstract forms, numeric visual stimuli and reinforcing social situations. According to the results, it can be inferred that the participants showed emergence of equivalent relations, but with inconsistent data on transfer of function between the members of the established classes.