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Aspectos da docência no processo de apropriação da cultura escolar do curso de licenciatura em Química da UFSCar/Araras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Rinzo, Tiemi; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852
This monograph aimed to understand aspects of teaching within the context of the appropriation of school culture, as experienced by undergraduate students in the Chemistry program at UFSCar/Araras. The theoretical framework was supported by authors such as Julia, Chervel, Forquin, Viñao Frago, and Perez Gomez, important references when it comes to reflections on school culture, and Tardif, for more specific discussions on teaching knowledge. The final paper adopted qualitative research principles as its investigative premise, also supported by Bogdan and Biklen (1994). The methodological procedure used semi-structured interviews with both beginning and graduating students. The results were described and analyzed under three general categories: student characterizations; the students' trajectories from elementary school to university admission; and university and teacher education. The data allowed us to identify various aspects of teaching that permeate practices, norms, customs, values, expectations, hierarchy, in the information that circulates within the university environment; in short, in the university experience.
Uma apresentação dos métodos de Pontos Interiores na radioterapia e sua comparação com o método Simplex
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Freitas, Paula Renata de Morais Gomes; Carvalho, Silvia Maria Simões de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8244087426759161; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0040475583715968
This work aims to present the Internal Points Methods and to compare the Simplex Method, when applied in the resolution of problems related to the optimal concentration of radiation in the treatment of cancer through radiotherapy. The optimum concentration is related to the higher intensity of radiation associated with less damage to the vital organs. This dissertation was based on works on radiotherapy treatment, aiming to make a comparison between two methods widely used to find an optimal concentration.
Estratégias competitivas e tecnologia de informação no polo calçadista de Jaú/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Moschetto, Danilo Augusto; Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0234923460537082
This thesis aims to investigate how Information Technology (IT) can support the formulation and implementation of competitive strategies in small and medium-sized companies in the footwear hub of Jaú / SP. Technological development in the areas of IT and telecommunications, especially since the end of the 20th century, has resulted in dramatic changes in society and, among the most visible effects, is the increase in communication capacity and access to information. Along with the hardware development, several systems and methods were created and implemented to support and improve various business activities: from simple spreadsheet use in customer tabulation to complete management of activities through systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Despite the development of IT, companies make little use of technology to support the development and deployment of their competitive strategies. Few papers in the literature discuss this relationship of support to competitive strategy, especially in the footwear industry, where literature is scarce. This study was developed in two stages: a survey was carried out, aiming to collect data on the general state of the APL (local productive arrangement) in relation to the producers of footwear and their competitive strategies, and then five case studies were carried out. The results show that companies employ diverse competitive strategies as well have different levels of automation and IT support in their tasks. Although issues related to cost, labor and training are still considered limiting factors in the implementation of support systems, some companies employ IT in the development of differentiated competitive strategies, which gives them better conditions to operate in the market. The main results of this work include, in addition to the discussion of the IT support to competitive strategies of the companies: the presentation of a scenario of the local footwear industry from the survey data, which confirmed some indications from the literature; the creation of a model of IT used by companies that includes their driving elements (legal and industry requirements, administrative complexity and support of the competitive strategy); the theoretical and practical identification of strategic actions supported by IT elements; and the discussion about how IT can help the development of competitive strategies through the support of administrative operations and the creative elements of them.
Intervenção cirúrgica e tratamento fisioterapêutico no pós-operatório do câncer de mama: efeitos na cinemática escapular, morbidade dos membros superiores e qualidade de vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Ribeiro, Ivana Leão; Camargo, Paula Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054; Salvini, Tânia de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4391969032505723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790397480315029
The major dysfunctions of the upper extremity related to postoperative (PO) breast cancer, such as functional limitations and muscle weakness, have been studied. The three-dimensional (3D) scapula movement may be altered in the short and long term, but conclusive studies on this subject are still lacking. Although upper extremity rehabilitation programs are recommended after surgery, the great variability in intervention protocols associated with the lack of specificity of training hinders referral to clinical practice. Thus, the general objectives of this Doctorate project were: to evaluate the 3D scapula movement during both elevation and lowering of the arm of individuals treated by breast cancer surgery and to compare with a healthy and asymptomatic control group for shoulder pain; to evaluate the effectiveness of early physiotherapy interventions in the preservation of upper limb function; to investigate the short-term effects of surgery on kinematics and scapuloumeral rhythm after a physical therapy program in the immediate postoperative period. The thesis gave rise to three studies: 1 - Case-control study of 3D kinematics of the scapula, 2 - Systematic review on physiotherapy in the immediate PO, 3 - A series of cases of the short-term effects of surgery on kinematics and rhythm after a physiotherapy program in the immediate postoperative period. A total of 47 women (Study 1, n = 21 surgery group and n = 21 control group, Study 3, n = 05) participated in this study. The 3D kinematics were collected using superficial electromagnetic sensors during arm movement in the scapular plane, the range of motion (ROM) and shoulder muscle strength were evaluated by a digital inclinometer and manual dynamometer, respectively. Pain intensity, upper limb function, and quality of life were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (EVA), Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF36), respectively. A series of databases were consulted to select the studies relevant to the review, based on the Cochrane recommendations, the PEDro scale was used to verify the methodological quality of the included studies and the GRADE was used to analyze the synthesis of evidence (Study 2). Data from studies 1 and 3 were analyzed according to the comparisons between groups (Study 1) and within groups (Studies 1 and 3), using the SPSS version 21 program and the Cohen d index to calculate the effect size. The main results of study 1 were: lower superior rotation of the scapula (120º), lower ROM and shoulder strength, in addition, high scores of EVA, DASH and SF36 in the surgery group; study 2: moderate level of evidence regarding the efficacy of both isolated and associated ROM exercises to muscle strength training for shoulder ROM gain; study 3: lower upward rotation and more anterior scapula tilt along the arm movement, decrease of the scapulohumeral rhythm, high EVA and DASH scores during the evaluations; After the surgery of the breast cancer functional alterations of the scapular kinematics, ROM and shoulder strength, scapuloumeral rhythm as well as self-report of pain and incapacities are evidenced. Early rehabilitation of the upper limb after surgery should be focused primarily on the preservation of shoulder ROM. Future randomized and controlled clinical trials should investigate the efficacy of physiotherapeutic treatment to restore upper limb function, especially considering periods of long-term treatment.
Eosinófilos como células apresentadoras de antígeno durante a infecção experimental por toxocara canis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Rodolpho, Joice Margareth de Almeida; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4211898266944174
Eosinophils are multifunctional cells that have pro-inflammatory cytotoxic activities and stimulate CD4 + T cells in experimental models of allergy and parasitic infections. Eosinophils, when exposed to antigens are activated and express CD38 / CD69 molecules and exhibit increased expression of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC-II), CD80 and CD86, suggesting their role as atypical cells in the Presentation of Antigens. In the present study, we evaluated the hypothesis that, in addition to professional APCs (monocyte, dendritic and B cell), eosinophils are activated by Toxocara canis antigens and express a range of cell surface markers characteristic of antigen presenting cells. Thus, contributing to the immune responses induced in the experimental model by Visceral Migrans Larva syndrome associated with T. canis infection (VLMS). By means of flow cytometric assays the cell profiles of antigen-presenting cells were evaluated during T. canis experimental infection. Data analysis demonstrated that, during murine T. canis infection, peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow eosinophils showed regulated expression of CD69 / MHC-II / CD80 / CD86, assuming a role as APC in comparison with the antigen presenting cells. Unlike eosinophils of the spleen and bone marrow, circulating eosinophils showed increased expression of activation markers along with APC-related molecules after T. canis infection. The same activation was not observed for professional APCs in the same compartments. Improved connectivity between eosinophils and T cells in T. canis infected mice in all three compartments (peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow) also supports the hypothesis that eosinophils may play a role as PCA during T. canis infection. In addition, in vitro stimulation of T. canis antigen resulted in activation and elevation of regulation of APC-related molecules by eosinophils derived from bone marrow. These findings strongly suggest that T. canis infection reshapes eosinophils to act as APCs in this infection and not only as an effector cell in the control of parasitic infection.
Entre pesos e medidas : discursos sobre a silhueta feminina no Brasil (1901-2017)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Lopes, Michelle Aparecida Pereira; Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4408019951524400
This thesis is part of the analysis of the French discourse, building on the reflection on how, historically, in the media discourse and in its associated domain, the female body was objectified and subjectified, as regards the control of its weight and its measures, receiving different denominations, raising different perceptions and, thus, producing senses and subjectivities. Our research is developed in the light of Michel Foucault, based on an archegenealogical methodology, in which the concept of device impels us to recognize the network in which the discursive and non-discursive practices on the female body, its weight and its measures were constituted / constitute; and looks for ways of analysis in the perspective of the Historical Semiology traced by Jean-Jacques Courtine. From the immense archive on the body, throughout the analysed period, historians have given us clues that the media discourse could be the right cutting: from printed publications from the early 1900s to the online of this 21st century, the sayings about woman, her body and her silhouette, in each age, showed themselves by naming the body of the woman, now supporting patterns, sometimes building them. In the announcements of Modernity, the first exclusively feminine journal - Revista Feminina - associated with the so-called journals considered as current – The Cigarra and FonFon - the woman of the early 20th century, envisioned the possibility of reaching new social positions, however, impelled to control other spheres of herself: the belly and, in sequence, the whole body. From the 1950s, the lifestyle sought by Brazilians was the US lifestyle: many appliances and a lot of ready and industrialized food were consumed, especially in the more affluent classes. At the same time, capitalist consumerism established as one of its enunciative regularities the use of the image of a woman with a long line silhouette in her major advertising campaigns. In addition, magazines such as Manchete, and the newspapers like O Globo discussed the causes of obesity, disseminating in society the medical knowledge built for this pathology. Since the 1990s, the national government has begun to consider the increase in obesity rates among the Brazilian population as a prerogative for the development of other onerous diseases to the State. Therefore, discourses based on biopolitical strategies came into play, so that the responsibility for the control of obesity fell on the subject, thus legitimating an intense vigilance over the body, as we can perceive it in the 21st century: in the statements that circulate in the various print and online media, obesity must be fought by every social body. Therefore, we can say that the control device of the female body, during the period observed by us, has expanded its strategic configuration, from controlling the behaviour to the tight control of weights and measures.
O trabalho formativo do coordenador pedagógico junto aos professores que ensinam matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Langona, Neichelli Fabrício; Gama, Renata Prenstteter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6219464742319161
The present study has as general objective to analyze the dimensions and centrality of the work developed by the pedagogical coordinators in the continuing formation in service of teachers who teach mathematics in the initial years of Elementary School in the Municipal Network of education of a city in the interior of the state of. This objective is broken down into three other specific objectives: (i) identify the responsibilities of the pedagogical coordinator; (ii) to select and analyze training proposals developed by the pedagogical coordinators on mathematics teaching; and (iii) seek, together with the pedagogical coordinators, the challenges and possibilities of formative work for the teaching of mathematics. For this, the research was qualitative and interpretative, using as a tool the first stage of the data collection a mixed questionnaire, offered to all the coordinators of the initial years of Elementary School of the municipal network. In the second stage of data collection, used and triangulated three instruments (questionnaire, interview and training projects) of two coordinators. For the analysis of the data we find the theoretical contribution referring to the work of the pedagogical coordinator, the formative work performed by this professional, authors who defend the school as a space of continuous formation, teacher training and about the teacher who teaches mathematics. As a result, we verified that the pedagogical coordinator has four different natures that correspond to the teaching and learning processes, school organization, democratic and participatory environment, and teacher training.
Unicidade para equações dos tipos: Burgers, Kuramoto-Sivashinsky e Schrödinger
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Zapata, Miguel Angel Cuayla; Kondo, Cezar Issao; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0900348462714778; Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2404733136036136
Based on Carleman's estimates and under certain conditions of linear exponential decay we prove uniqueness for equations of type: Burgers, Kuramoto-Sivashinsky and Schrödinger.
Cognições sobre o passado: avaliação do pensamento contrafactual em grupos específicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Justino, Florença Lucia Coelho; Schelini, Patrícia Waltz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9103038882479439
Imagining and reasoning about hypothetical possibilities is an exclusively human characteristic and confers on cognition an important status for the study of different themes. The need for studies about imaginative processes is based on the inventive capacity of the human mind and on the flexibility that it must take in the face of the technological evolutions of today's world. Counterfactual thinking is a type of imaginative thinking characterized by mental simulation of alternatives to past events to alter the sequence of events to arrive at a different outcome from what actually occurred. Studies have indicated that this type of cognition is involved in different cognitive processes, such as decision making processes, moral judgments, motivations, inferences that enable behavioral changes and the adaptation of the individual and emotional elaborations. The studies on cognitions about past events in specific groups are necessary since they can give indications of the function that this type of thinking has for each group and also to focus on the different ways that the groups have in perceiving and to modify their thoughts in relation to the lived reality, as well as the consequences of thinking counterfactually to the emotions, cognitions and behaviors of each group from its specific characteristics. This doctoral thesis is organized in the form of three articles. The first one refers to the literature review of the area of counterfactual thinking that aimed to gather, evaluate and systematize the main findings of research on the subject between the years 2005 and 2015. The second article refers to the evaluation of counterfactual thinking in two specific groups: women victims of intrafamily violence and women with indicative of depression and analyzed the modifications from explicit request, called directed counterfactual thoughts. The third and last article deals with the evaluation of counterfactual thoughts elaborated spontaneously and under the choice of pre-defined alternatives.
Adição de resíduo termofixo em matriz de polipropileno reciclado: análise de propriedades térmicas e mecânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-15) Prestes Pires, Pamela Galera; Botaro, Vagner Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2457571522407885
The proper disposal of solid waste has driven studies to enable the use of recycled materials and waste. So, in this work were molded composites using raw materials from industrial waste and evaluated several mechanical and thermal properties of composites developed. As thermoplastic matrix was used recycled polypropylene (PP) and as filler was used the residue containing thermosetting powder from high-pressure laminate manufacture process (HPL) in the proportions 10%, 14%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight, obtaining the composites. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of recycled PP and their composites were performed test of tensile, flexural and Charpy impact. In order to evaluate the thermal properties were performed test of softening temperature, thermal deflection temperature, dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and degree of crystallinity. In addition, were performed analyzes of density and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The elongation, tensile and flexural strength reduced with the addition of the HPL. The flexural modulus did not change until an addition of 20%, however, the stiffness increased with 30% and 40% of HPL which contains thermosetting. The softening temperatures in relation to the recycled PP increased with the addition of 40% of the HPL. In the temperature of thermal deflection the addition of 40% of the residue caused increase when compared to the recycled PP. The presence of thermoset residue reduced tenacity of the recycled matrix from addition of 14% of HPL. The density showed increase from adding 10% of HPL. The storage modulus improved with the addition of filler. There was no change in the melting and crystallization temperature. The degree of crystallinity of recycled matrix increases with increasing amount of HPL present in the composite; and an addition of HPL showed good dispersion in the recycled PP matrix. In general, it is considered that the best results of mechanical properties (flexion and tensile) and thermal properties of composites were obtained with addition of 40% of HPL. So the use of HPL as reinforcing filler in composites is feasible and can be used for example in the manufacture of supermarket boxes, pallets, chairs, internal coating of vehicles and among others.