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A obesidade abdominal acelera o declínio da força neuromuscular em pessoas com mais de 50 anos de idade? Conclusões do Estudo ELSA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-07) Carvalho, Danilo Henrique Trevisan de; Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9870989415070720
Objective: The present study aimed to analyze how the presence of abdominal obesity can hasten the muscle strength decline in individuals aged 50 years or older over eight years of follow-up. Methods: We used longitudinal data from 5.181 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). The presence of abdominal obesity was defined by the waist circumference > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women. After the baseline evaluation, new assessments were performed after 4 and 8 years subsequently. It was used generalized linear mixed models controlled by sociodemographic status, behavioural characteristics, clinical conditions, neuropsychiatric factors, serum and functional markers with handgrip strength decline as the outcome. Results: Although abdominal obese men started the trajectory with greater muscle strength, they had a higher muscle strength decline over eight years of follow-up (- 0.12 kg per year, 95% CI - 0.24 – - 0.01) compared to those men without abdominal obesity. The same results were not observed in women. It is important to mention that the non-stratified models, controlled by sex, incorrectly demonstrated that this outcome was valid for both sexes. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity has different effects on muscle strength decline among men and women over time. The larger adiposity in the abdominal area is predictive for worse trajectory of muscle strength decline only in men.
O Programa Cidadania na Mesa e a perspectiva dos direitos humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-07) Silva, Williana Angelo da; Novelli, Jose Marcos Nayme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4424638298219589; Sola, Fernanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2265749626773521; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2157247936853770
This dissertation aims to analyze the possibility of operationalizing a human right, in the case of food, through the implementation of public social policy, demonstrating that to ensure continuity of said policy it is important that it is properly regulated. For this purpose, the Citizenship in the Table Program - PCM, elaborated and operationalized in the city of Sorocaba was taken as object of study. The PCM in its implementation was composed of three fronts of action: healthy cooking in motion, the green basket and the food voucher, the latter being the only one regulating by municipal law. The PCM analysis was theoretically subsidized by the bibliographical research around the concepts of human rights, public policies, public management, human right to adequate food, and food and nutritional security. Data collection was promoted through semi-structured interviews, focus group and documentary analysis, with a qualitative approach. As a result, it was possible to verify possible points of improvement, of recovery and positive points in terms of attending to the population. The profile of the program was also evidenced as an action in line with the food and nutrition security policy, which should have its own apparatus and should not be subordinated to a specific transversal policy. During the course of the research, through the exchange of municipal management and cuts promoted by the federal government, the 'green basket' action and 'healthy cooking in motion' were canceled and the families were no longer met, confirming the hypothesis that regulation in law is fundamental for guaranteeing the continuity of a program linked to a specific policy and overcoming the practice of government policies, which are sometimes replaced without due impact and feasibility analysis.
Avaliação do mosto fermentativo de leveduras provenientes de cervejarias e otimização do processo de autólise industrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-07) Marcon, André; Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5060619928177915
Brewer's yeast, widely used in the fermentation industry, is an excellent source of protein, thus used by human and animal nutrition industries. Biomin Animal Nutrition of Brazil is an Austrian company that is renamed in the area of biotechnology, beginning its activities in 2008 in the city of Piracicaba - SP. Among its products is the autolysate yeast coming from the brewing process, acquired from large breweries in partnership with Biomin. This raw material can go through several fermentation cycles in the production companies, and these cycles can obviously cause interferences in the quality of this material. The detection of low levels of total protein in the final product (autolysed yeast), by Biomin, led to the interest of classifying the raw material from these breweries, in order to better understand its variables and how it can interfere with the process, also considering the steps of the standard treatment process of the raw material as well as the process of autolysis in a laboratory scale, in order to identify its flaws and promote optimization, aiming the quality improvement of the final product. The raw material was fully evaluated in the Biomin’s laboratories, where the parameters of pH, temperature, sensory (smell and color), dry matter content, cell viability, presence of residues, Brix level and the amount of protein, alcohol, acids and sugars were verified. It was found that there are small differences between the two main suppliers, mainly regarding alcohol, lactic acid, total protein present in the supernatant and cellular viability, being able to conclude that supplier "A" keeps better quality than "B" for physical-chemistry chacacteristics and higher viability too. However, generally speaking, the raw materials were considered to be of better quality than the expected before the experiments. There was also the analysis of the supplier "C" that contributed with different parameters from the two main suppliers. The knowledge of the nitrogenous content present in the in natura yeast (> 50 percentage) and its variation throughout the process was also recorded. As for the bench tests, which simulated the process of large-scale autolysis, it was possible to understand which stages were more harmful in the operation carried out in the company. Where, among them all, the most impacting was the exposure time of the yeast to the heating before centrifugation. Finally, by matching the understanding of the raw material characteristics to the better understanding of the stages of the process, it was possible to implement actions to a better handle of the raw material towards the desired final product and to define improvements for the production process.
Blendas de amido termoplástico e PBAT processadas com auxílio da pulverização por cisalhamento no estado sólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-07) Lopes, Henrique Solowej Medeiros; Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5006391678583766
The use of biodegradable materials arise as a potential alternative for reducing environmental polution. For being found in abundance, low cost, biodegradable and provided from renewable source, starch has been a material of growing researches. Due to its low mechanical properties, high moisture absorption and recrystallization after storage, its use is limited. In this work, thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends with biodegradable polyester Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were produced assisted by Solid-State Shear Pulverization (SSSP). The starch was plasticized in the presence of glycerol (25 starch wt%) and water (10 wt%) and processed under various PBAT contents (50, 60, 70 and 80 wt% of TPS). After blending, films were obtained by extrusion. The films were then evaluated for their processability, such as feeding, material handling, visual aspect and water absorption. Their thermomechanical properties were also evaluated by Dynamical-Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) and tensile strength. Its crystallinity and retrogradation were measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and its morphology observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM). The SSSP processing step presented greater processability and material handling, with a better visual aspect. For high content starch blends (70 and 80 wt%), techniques showed similar mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, and water absorption. For low starch content (50 and 60wt%), materials produced by conventional extrusion presented higher mechanical properties, such as elongation, and lower water absorption. Both materials showed increased crystallinity over time. It was possible to observe native starch granules in both techniques’ steps, indicating low plasticizing degree.
Trabalho e Autonomia: entre as atribuições e caminhos do exercício do supervisor de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-07) Ribeiro, Elidia Vicentina de Jesus; Marques, Sílvio César Moral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047434055828372; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6034946635459600
The present research aims to analyze how the categories work autonomy in the development of the atribuitions of the superviser of the teaching in the state network São Paulo. As a research focus, we chose to conceptualize the term work, based on the theoretical foundations of Marx, and the term autonomy, presenting it initially as a polysemic concept and then emphasizing the analysis from the relation with the conceptions of Adorno and Horkheimer on emancipation. As specific objectives, the research sought to characterize the teaching supervisor, with a historical survey of the supervisor's performance, situating it in relation to the constitution of the position and identifying the existing relationships with the functions currently exercised by the supervisor of teaching, besides situá them within the structure of the State Secretariat of Education of the State of São Paulo. The methodology used is composed of bibliographical research on the themes of work and autonomy, a historical survey on teaching supervision in the State of São Paulo and the attributions of the position and its current characterization, documentary research from the legislation that concerns the functions of supervision of teaching, research through questionnaire application to the teaching supervisors of the Teaching Board of Itapetininga and interview with the Regional Director of the same Teaching Board about the work of the teaching supervisor. The data collected in the application of the questionnaires form and semi-structured interview were articulated with the bibliography researched, in order to seek a conclusion to respond the scope of the present study. The main results obtained refer to the analysis of the conceptions about autonomy that are present in the understanding of the professionals researched and how these relate to the possible paths of supervision of teaching, going beyond the limits of alienated work, aiming at the conquest of actions that represent the work and emancipation.