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Letramento matemático e histórias infantis : significações matemáticas em um 2º ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Souza, Talita Fernanda de; Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297203444364327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8092897619486496
This research is based on a qualitative methodological approach and investigates the mathematical meanings produced by Second Grade students and how they are evidenced when in the Mathematical teaching with children’s stories, in order to answer the research question: “What is the process of mathematical meanings of a Second Grade student in a teaching combining children’s histories and numeracy?”. Through a partnership between the researcher and the teacher of a Second Grade class, children’s histories were used as a pedagogical resource in the Mathematical teaching. Since this proposal was part of the PNAIC of numeracy (BRASIL, 2014), a program dedicated to the training of literacy teachers, we established as a requirement that the partner teacher had been part of such program. The analysis of the student’s mathematical meanings was based on transcriptions of recorded lessons when children’s histories were used as a pedagogical resource; students answers for problematizations based on such histories; and an interview with the partner teacher. For the data analysis, we choose three categories: the first with respect to the mathematical meanings demonstrated by the students in the moments of reading and discussion of the children’s histories; the second refers to the students mathematical meanings when solving problems based on the children's book; and the third category refers to the teacher’s perception of the students learning of Mathematics regarding the children’s histories approach, it’s usage and the partnership. We can highlight that the student’s mathematical meanings are contextually present and they are related to mathematical concepts presents in the children’s histories used for the Mathematical teaching during the research. The students connected mathematical concepts, the histories narrative, and daily and nondaily concepts, evidencing such meanings on reading, problem-solving, and socialization via orality, writing and drawing. We believe that the teacher’s performance during the lessons was essential to produce meanings by the students, serving them as a model for literacy. Moreover, we could observe how a PNAIC proposal was developed in class, bringing up relevant questions about teaching and teacher’s training.
Construção empírica do conceito de infância: o significado de Infância para os professores da Educação Infantil de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Calderan, Andréa; Gomes, Luiz Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1763993732987192
In the last years the concept of childhood has gained new meanings, as well as the children's practices. Perhaps the greatest challenge of these new meanings lies within the school context in dealing with the child pluralism. In order to analyze how schools have been dealing with the transformations of the concept of childhood and its plurality, this work has sought to analyze the present concept of childhood in a kindergarten. To this end, this work sought to analyze the main educational policies that focus on Early Childhood Education, as well as to know more closely the daily life of a school, its teachers and its pedagogical practices. The theoretical-methodological contribution of the Objective Hermeneutics was used in this work from the data collection to the analysis of the interviews with the teachers. Finally, the Critical Theory of Society was used as a theoretical basis to carry out a final analysis on the themes that permeated the study. With the conclusion of the study, it was possible to verify that the school is not carried by a single conception of childhood, since this conception is diversified from different factors: based on the policies, between the formations of its teachers, its pedagogical proposals or, even in the problem of child's adultifying, which goes beyond the walls of the school.
Preparação e caracterização de sílicas híbridas com surfactantes catiônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Silva, Laura Lorena da; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1831331222186951
The silica with structure MCM-41 has a hexagonal mesoporous arrangement with one dimensional pore system. This silica as synthesized contains cations (usually the CTA+) in your pores and catalytic sites with basic character due to the presence of anions siloxy (≡SiO-) associated with these cations. In this work, the synthesis route of MCM 41 silica was modified using a cationic surfactant different from the usual CTABr (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), variation in the synthesis composition and sources of hydroxyl ion. Among a large number of cationic surfactants, the CADMABr (cetilalildimetilamônio bromide), CPyBr (cetylpyridinium bromide) and CnTABr (alkyltrimethylammonium bromide) were used. The CADMABr differs from CTABr by the substitution of a methyl group with hydrophilic head for an allyl group, the CPyBr has a pyridine group in place of the trimethylamine, while the CnTABr has a change in the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic tail. The hybrid silicas were synthesized using different molar ratios of surfactant and sources of hydroxyl ion, keeping the temperature at 30 °C and synthesis time in 2 hours. The surfactants were characterized by electric conductivity, in order to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and their aqueous dispersions at different concentrations by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to verify the micellar behavior. The hybrid silicas were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, together with thermogravimetry (TGA), nitrogen physisorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was measured to verify the basicity of the siloxy sites (≡SiO-) with the modification of the cations in the hybrid silicas synthesis. The catalytic properties of these silicas were evaluated using the transesterification model reaction of monoester and the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil to biodiesel manufacture, both under mild conditions. The results show improvement in catalytic stability with increasing basicity and the molar ratio of Surfactant: SiO2 of the silicas synthesis mixture. In addition, the hybrid silicas obtained by the method of Araújo et al. (2013) modified, with higher molar ratio Surfactant: SiO2, had higher values of IR (%) and smaller particle size.
Indivíduos com Teste de Assistência Escapular positivo apresentam alterações na cinemática escapular e força muscular?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Ribeiro, Larissa Pechincha; Camargo, Paula Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5136879002520200
Introduction: The Scapular Assistance Test has as principle the therapist to manually assist the scapula in upward rotation and posterior tilt during arm elevation performed by the patient in an attempt to reduce pain and increase arm range of motion of the arm. However, it is not yet clear in the literature if individuals with this test as positive really present scapular movement patterns and muscle strength different from those with the test as negative. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare scapular kinematics, characterize the coordination between scapula and humerus, and to compare muscle strength in individuals with unilateral shoulder pain with positive and negative Scapular Assistance Test. Methods: Sixty individuals with shoulder pain participated in the study and were allocated to one of the two groups: positive Scapular Assistance Test (n=30) and negative Scapular Assistance Test (n=30). Scapular kinematics during elevation and lowering of the arm in sagittal plane, and muscle strength of serratus anterior, lower trapezius and external rotators of the arm were assessed in all individuals. The coordination between scapula and humerus was analyzed in qualitative way during the entire range of elevation and lowering of the arm and from the beginning of the painful arc. Results: There was no group x angle interaction (p>0.05) and no group main effect (p>0.05) during internal rotation and upward rotation of the scapula. There was no group x angle interaction (p<0.05) during posterior tilt of the scapula, but there was group main effect during elevation (p<0.05) and lowering (p<0.05) of the arm, whereas the group with positive Scapular Assistance Test presented greater anterior tilt of the scapula. The group with positive Scapular Assistance Test had greater contribution of the internal rotation and lower of the posterior tilt of the scapula from the beginning of the painful arc. There was no difference (p>0.05) in the strength of the serratus anterior, lower trapezius and external rotators of the arm between both groups. Conclusion: The positive Scapular Assistance Test appears to be able to identify subgroups of individuals who exhibit reduced posterior tilt of the scapula, and increased internal rotation of the scapula during the painful arc of arm elevation. The pain seems to influence the coordination between scapula and humerus during the painful arc. There are no differences in upward rotation of the scapula, and in the strength of the serratus anterior, lower trapezius and external rotators of the arm among the individuals with shoulder pain.
Tradutor e intérprete de Libras: construção da formação profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Giamlourenço, Priscila Regina Gonçalves de Melo; Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9677657445752040
The process of deaf people inclusion in different social spaces becomes possible, mainly, by the professional practice of the translator and interpreter of Libras (Brazilian Sign Language), that to do it presupposes a condition of formation that contemplates the political and social advances in deafness´s field. The profession, recently recognized in Brazil, is consolidated, among others, by the social movements of deaf community, in which one this professional reflects expressive participation. In this sense, the present research aims to investigate the professional development of Libras translator and interpreter, specifically, to analyze the significant formative experiences and to characterize the formative processes. To do so, based on an interview with open questions, the construction of the professional training of translators and interpreters working in a city in the interior of the State of São Paulo is investigated. The participants of this research, three translators and interpreters of Libras, were indicated by local deaf association and through an interview with a script validated in a pilot study they shared the formative experiences considered significant. The qualitative study sought to apprehend contents and meanings of the formative processes in the construction of professional training, and the investigation allowed to contemplate that this training can be occur in a plural ways by the community formation, by the systematized formation and by the formation in service. The analyzes allowed to visualize that the formative plurality of the subjects studied is constructed from a reflexive posture based on the knowledge of the languages, based on the participation of the professional in the deaf community, on the linguistic exchange with deaf fluent in Libras, as well as the sharing with interpreters and professionals more experients. It is also worth noting the professional development of the knowledge built from the systematic training, the possible knowledge of being produced and reproduced in the continuous formation, the participation in events of the area and in the formation throughout the performance. It is understood that the critical reflection of the professional doing is determined by the formative processes, which also determine the own critical reflection and the construction of the professional formation. It is necessary more investigations that contemplate the object of study in question, having seen the dynamic movement inherent the actions of inclusion of the deaf in society and the valorization of the profession in the labor market, this research sought to compose the theoretical framework of the area that has reached a broad level, mainly, after the legislation of recognition and appreciation of Libras. The knowledge reflected in the study, although the limits of the research, seek to contribute to the professional training of the translator an interpreter of Libras
Pigmentos inorgânicos como tema para interdisciplinaridade e contextualização no ensino de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Volpe, André Luís Della; Marques, Rosebelly Nunes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2909445423484956
This paper presents the results obtained during the development of a didactic, interdisciplinary and contextualized alternative, using an approach that promoted elements of the Science-Technology-Society (CTS) and History and Philosophy of Science (HFC) movements. Three Didactic Sequences (SDs) were elaborated for the teaching of General and Inorganic Chemistry concepts, emphasizing the study of the inorganic functions and the synthesis of inorganic compounds. Within this proposal, guided by the official documents of Brazilian education, Chemistry and its relation with the use of Inorganic Pigments (IPs) in the social-historical scenarios played a fundamental role in the development of the aforementioned contents. The research methodology used in this work was characterized as qualitative, seeking a better understanding of the problem researched from observations directly extracted from the subjects with whom the researcher sought to establish a direct interaction. From the application and analysis of the previous questionnaires and characterization of the profile of the institution where the research was developed, SDs were elaborated that related the contents with the pictorial use of the PIs. The first SD dealt with oxides chemistry in rock paintings; the second SD dealt with the Acids, Bases and Sals involved with the pigments used in the Egyptian funerary murals (both SDs applied to students of the High School Integrated to the Technician in Chemistry); the third SD approached in an integrated way the Chemistry of the four Inorganic Functions from the perspective of the works of the natural artist of Capivari, Tarsila do Amaral (applied in Chemistry Technician in the Concomitant / Subsequent modality). After the application of the SDs, the materials produced by the students (mock-ups, panels, written evaluations and technical-scientific reports) were analyzed and it was possible to verify evidence of the presence of elements of CTS and HFC the occurrence of learning chemistry, but also a more humanistic and integrated approach to social aspects, as recommended in the National Curricular Parameters for High School (PCNEM). This research also made possible the students' contact with aspects related to the creativity of the Chemical Science and its contribution to the Plastic Arts, a role little explored by textbooks.
Análise do desempenho de gráficos de controle X-Bar considerando diferentes estimadores do desvio padrão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Sobue, Cássio Eduardo Faria; Oprime, Pedro Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0615356356531238
The reference works about control charts consider the statistical parameters as known to calculate the control limits. However, in the last decades, the literature about SPC (Statistical Process Control) has indicated a difference between the theoretical and the real performance of control charts which use estimated statistical parameters, increasing the incidence of false alarms. Reference researchers in SPC, as Castagliola and Chakraborti, propose new designs of control charts, improving the performance of Shewhart’s control charts. This work aims to compare the X-bar control charts performance, using five standard deviation estimators, based on the analysis of proportion of ARL values (Average Run Length, the average number of samples until the incidence of a false alarm) in the interval between 0 and 200 of the ARL distribution and varying the sample size and the number of the samples. The five estimators are: the estimator calculated from the average sample range; the estimator calculated from the average sample standard deviation; the estimator calculated from the pooled standard deviation divided by the result of c4 (constant influenced by the sample size) in function of ν (number of degrees of freedom, resultant from the number of samples times the sample size minus one); the estimator calculated from the pooled standard deviation times the result of the constant c4 in function of ν; and the estimator based only on the pooled standard deviation. The method applied is the simulation, developing five programs to simulate productive in-control processes, each one for each standard deviation estimator. After the comparison of proportions, the third estimator is indicated for the situation with the lowest samples values tested (m=20 and n=5 and n=10), and the first estimator is indicated for the situation with the highest samples values tested (m=200 and n=5 and n=10). Only for m=100 and n=10, there is no evidence that proves an estimator has a better performance than another. This work also proved that the sample size and the number of samples influence the performance of the control charts.
A Educação das relações étnicorraciais na creche : trançando as mechas da legislação federal, formação e prática das professoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Alves, Elizabeth Conceição; Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0646640714425766
This study presents a research in association with Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Narrativas, Formação e Trabalho Docente -NEPEN (Study and Research Center of Narratives, Teachers´ Education and Practice). It was developed in the Graduate Program of Education of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba Campus. This dissertation aims at answering the following research question: What are the perceptions of daycare teachers about the implications and consequences of de courses that deal with race relations for their pedagogical training and practice? The aim is tounderstand the challenges that daycare teachers face in dealing with racial issues. To answer the research question, a qualitative study was adopted and a questionnaire was applied to daycare Center teachers who had taken, in 2016, the Ethnic–Racial Relationship courses in continuing studies offered by the City education board in Campinas-SP. The theoretical and methodological bases rely on the contributions to revive the stories of the daycare center by Kramer (1984), and Rosemberg (1984;2012). Concerning racial issues, the references were Gomes (2011; 2012), Monteiro (2010). Oliveira; Abramowicz (2010), Dias Bento (2010) were consulted to understand Child Education and Education of the Ethnic-Racial Relationships: Candau (2007), Gonçalves e Silva (2011) and Freire (2008) contributed to the concepts presented here. The methodology for analisis was based on, Formosinho (2009), Bardin (1997) and Franco (2005). The results imply that there are developments of the courses on Ethnic –Racial Relationship, offered in teacher’s continuing education, shown on both the pedagogical formation and practices. However more investment is needed in political action regarding racial issues. The teachers now recognize that there is racism in the context of education and have, as a result, invested in better pedagogical practices.
Efeitos da bandagem elástica na propriocepção do ombro e desempenho sensório-motor durante atividade de beber em indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Santos, Gabriela Lopes dos; Russo, Thiago Luiz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1832255035854519
Around 50 to 70% of subjects post-stroke presented reduction of upper limb (UL) function even during chronic phase. Therefore, several therapeuticstrategies have been proposed. Anadjuvant technique widely used in neurorehabilitation istheapplication of elastic tape (taping). However, its efficacy in the treatment of post-stroke subjects still require further investigation. Objectives: Toverify the immediate effects of taping applied on paretic shoulder on proprioception (joint position sense -JPS) and sensorimotor performance of UL during functional task (drinking). Methods: Thirteen subjects with chronic hemiparesis were randomly allocated into two groups: 1) those who received Sham Tape (ST) first and after one month they received Elastic Tape (ET); 2) those who received Elastic Tape (ET) first and after one month they received Sham Tape (ST). JPS was assessed using a dynamometer and quantified by absolute error of shoulder at 30° e 60° of abduction and flexion. Sensorimotor performance during drinking task was assessed using tridimensional analysis and quantified by spatiotemporal and scalar kinematic parameters (starting angles, rangeof motion, and angles at the end) as well as by study of time-normalized kinematic waveforms of trunk, scapula, shoulder and elbow through Statistical Parametric Mapping analysis. Tapes were applied on deltoid muscle (anterior, middle, and posterior)without tension followingthe muscle facilitation direction. All assessments were performed before and 10 minutes aftertapes application. Results: No differences were observedbetween groups at baseline for all variables. In the taping condition, both groups decreased absolute error for all movements and angles (moderate effect), improved shoulder position (moretomidline), reduced scapula protraction and trunk flexion with no changes in spatiotemporal parameters. In addition, taping provided an improvement in shoulder elevation, scapula lateral rotationand elbow extension (small to medium effects). No effects of sham tape were observed for both groupsin any variable. Conclusion: Taping provided an improvement in the shoulder JPS and UL joint motions during functional activity, pointing to its role as adjuvant therapy.
“Entre lírios e delírios”: a (des)institucionalização e as (re)invenções do feminino na saúde mental de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-16) Momberg, Thaiga; Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3928826225965966
The present study sought to investigate the specificities of women in the process of deinstitutionalization in the city of Sorocaba/SP, considering how gender issues are articulated with their tutelage and / or independence. It also sought to understand how the women currently living in the Therapeutic Residences Services (SRTs in Portuguese) experience their independence, taking into account all the historical silencing experienced by institucionalized women and the stigma of the madness attributed to them. Participant observation and interviews were carried out in two SRTs where these women live. The bibliography used showed that female sexuality is a locus of control across history, bringing an interface with madness. The results demonstrated devices of control of sexuality and femininity in the asylum, and also outside them, leading to the infantilization and tutelage of the residents. From this, it is necessary to intersect the discussion of the thematic, problematizing the peculiarities about femininity, considering the questions strongly present regarding gender, race and class.