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Avaliação experimental de um ciclone adaptado com bocais pulverizadores de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Achiles, Ana Elisa; Béttega, Vádila Giovana Guerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6581211792042747
Brazil is a world leader in the production of sugar and ethanol by using sugar cane. Nonetheless, in order to supply the energy demands of this sector, the sugarcane bagasse is used as a fuel in boilers and its burning generates a significant quantity of particulate matters which are highly nocive to the environment and human beings' health. Thus, this study objectives to evaluate, empirically, the performance of a cyclone adapted with liquid atomization nozzles for the purpose of collecting ashes that are derived from the burning of sugarcane bagasse and have median volumetric diameter of 7,47 μm. So, the behavior of collection efficiency and pressure drop was investigated through varying of the following parameters: gas inlet velocity (from 8,02 to 13,57 m/s); atomizer nozzle position; liquid-gas ratio (from 0,10 to 0,43 L/m³) and atomizer type (hollow and full cone). The overall collection efficiency was determinated by using the isokinetic sampling technique and the grade efficiency was obtained through the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer spectrometer. The results indicated that to atomize water into cyclones with a liquid-gas ratio of 0,43 L/m³ increased, significantly, the overall collection efficiency from 81,00 to 98,44%, and decreased the pressure drop from 657,1 to 392,3 Pa. With regarding to the grade efficiency, it was checked that water atomization increased, expressly, the fine particulate removal (PM_2,5) which are extremely harmful to human health. Furthemore, it was verified that the gas inlet velocity; the atomizer nozzle position; the liquid-gas ratio and the drop size distribution are parameters that affect the wet cyclone performance. Also, it was found out that the water spraying in cyclones declined, considerably, the outlet temperature of the gaseous stream in 20,2 °C, and raised its relative humidity in 42,5%. In general, it was achieved that water atomization in cyclones improves the performance of this equipment, especially the fine particles collection, apart from promoting the gas cooling and humidification. Hence, the wet cyclone showed to be a promising technology in removing particulate matter from gaseous stream.
Desenvolvimento de manual instrucional para ensinar conceitos de igual e diferente através de Matching-to-Sample (MTS) em crianças público-alvo da educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Lazzarini, Fernanda Squassoni; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0296605637608176
The education of the TEA individual is a delicate area that demands a lot of care, but if there is commitment, this individual can develop his skills, essential for satisfactory social and school inclusion. Some teaching strategies, treatments and packages developed for individuals with commitments in school repertoire are available, but ABA is the set of interventions that produce the best results. For this, the present research aims to investigate the functionality and applicability of a didactic material based on the tasks used by the Applied Behavior Analysis to aid students with ASD in regular schools where teachers are not traditionally trained to work with ABA. This material was developed in two handbooks (a) Stimulus Apostille, containing all the visual stimuli that will be used to teach a specific content and (b) Teacher's Handbook, individualized per student, where the simplified registration sheets and information the student's personal needs. To evaluate the initial repertoire of the participants, a task of choice was chosen according to the adapted model, based on the notion of network of relations between stimuli and between stimuli and responses. In this research, 3 students from the municipal school system diagnosed with ASD participated. The results showed the efficacy of the adapted task and of the teaching procedures used, and it was verified the acquisition of the concept of equal and different, in a reduced period of time.
O eu, o outro e o nós: um caminho para compreender a diversidade na educação física escolar na perspectiva das crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Francisco, Cristiane Pereira de Souza; Alves, Fernando Donizete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9314655403204888
Throughout its history, Physical Education has divided many people by excluding them from its training as they aim for healthy and strong bodies, due to ideas embedded in its concept. However, as well as the historical context, Physical Education has been changing to fit into this adjustment, which currently requires including “everybody” in its trainings. With this new context, I aimed to understand how Diversity has been addressed in School Physical Education classes; but I aimed to go beyond on what teachers, specialists and renowned authors say about such theme. I aim to consider Diversity from the view of children of the 1st grade of Elementary Scholl and answer to the following question: on the situations experienced in School Physical Education classes: how do they lead children to comprehend the Diversity around them? For them, what Diversity is? How do they live with such Diversity? These are three questions that complement each other within the same research field and that support our target, which is to understand and research Diversity around the universe of children of the 1st grade of Elementary Scholl during the trainings and conversations about School Physical Education. The method used was a qualitative research based on the participant observation and round table, aiming to collect information and carried out in the first semester of 2017 in a state school of Araraquara city. The information gathered with the children lead me to develop three categories, namely: me and the other; the Cultural Diversity around the children’s universe and the Cultural Diversity in Physical Education classes. Therefore, I could realize that, even before the challenge in School Physical Education classes, the Cultural Diversity around the children’s universe is clear in the social markers of diversity, such as skin color, height, weight and gender. In addition to these markers, other dialogues arise in conversations about the differences of race and ethnic relations and relations with special education, gender and religion. I also found that, for the children, Cultural Diversity has several meanings: from fun and playing to differences between people. All that surrounded by interactions that are not always easy to handle, where everybody wants to speak, even if they are not heard. Due to the Cultural Diversity, often their actions are not challenged; for this reason, they freely act to immediately solve questions and to continue playing or talking.
Discursos (des)valorizados sobre a avaliação: compreensão dos movimentos discursivos da ABMES e da Andifes no mercado linguístico das políticas públicas de avaliação da educação superior brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Bernardes, Joelma dos Santos; Rothen, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235977620512681
This work aims to identify which were the political discourses of educational agents regarding the evaluation of higher education were articulated towards the evaluative State in the formulation of public policies of higher education evaluation in Brazil, in a period ranging from 1993 to 2010. By analyzing the scientific and academic literature dealing with public policies of higher education evaluation, 61 educational agents were identified, classified, and selected. They had interlocution and articulation, either directly or indirectly, with the evaluative State during the period of the research. After applying investigative criteria, the Brazilian Association of Maintainers of Higher Education (Associação Brasileira de Mantenedoras de Ensino Superior - ABMES), and the National Association of Directors of Federal Institutions of Higher Education (Associação Nacional dos Dirigentes das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior - Andifes) were selected. The theoretical foundations of the research were grounded on Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual-interpretative appropriations of the linguistic market of the field of educational evaluation, as well as educational field and educational agent; and Guy Neave's evaluative State, reconfigured by Almerindo Janela Afonso constituted the theoretical-methodological reference of the research. The nature of the work was quanti-qualitative, being used as methodological procedures of data collection the bibliometric study, the bibliographical survey and the documentary research. The role performed by agents on the formulation and implementation of public evaluation policies were evidenced through the Program of Institutional Evaluation of the Brazilian Universities (Programa de Avaliação Institucional das Universidades Brasileiras - PAIUB), in 1993, as well as through the National Courses Exam (Exame Nacional de Cursos - ENC), in 1995, and the National System of Evaluation of the Higher Education (Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior - SINAES), in 2004. Educational agents negotiated political discourses, whether valued or devalued, during the period. Tensions and disputes were generated in the linguistic market of the field of educational evaluation, so that these discourses were recognized and legitimized in the social magic through regulation of policies of higher education evaluation. In the first years of SINAES, in which the university reform proposal was executed, ABMES and Andifes agreed that it would be a moment of appreciation of political discourses and changes of positions within the educational field. To do it, ABMES' discursive negotiations were carried out with the following utterances: "representativeness, evaluation, and regulation". In its turn, Andifes' utterances were "financing and institutional autonomy". It is concluded that, in the linguistic market of the field of educational evaluation, ABMES and Andifes negotiated their political discourses, which sometimes were unified in favor of an evaluation policy for the improvement of the quality of teaching, and sometimes opposed in the way the evaluation results should formulate educational and evaluative policies on how they could go over into the expansion of higher education by the public sector and the private sector. In this sense, there was the universal message within the linguistic market that evaluative policies would be indispensable for the expansion with quality of higher education, although there are different objectives for evaluation, expansion, and use of results among agents. In this way, discourses moved the linguistic market through symbolic and linguistic exchanges, aiming to obtain appreciation price (value) on the devaluation of the other.
Turbulência de Ondas em condensados de Bose-Einstein
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Santos Filho, Marcos Alberto Gonçalves dos; Santos, Francisco Ednilson Alves dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0500176058863562; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4904620606086595
In this work we used as a starting point the theory developed by Zakharov and Nazarenko for treating wave turbulence in systems with weak non linearity such as atomic Bose-Einstein condensates with low enough temperature to be described by the Gross-Pitaevskii model. After we obtained the kinetic equation for the condensate and extracted the out of equilibrium stationary solution, the so called Kolmogorov-Zakharov cascates, we set course to our objective of demonstrating that it is possible to conciliate this solutions of the kinetic equation with the hydrodynamical properties of the condensate. In order to do that we calculated the correlation function of the condensate current for both the weak condensate state and the strong condensate state using the respective wave turbulence cascates. With this result we have shown that there is a connection between the arising of wave turbulence and the variables related to the hydrodynamical turbulence of this system, which are essential for the comprehension of quantum turbulence as a whole.
Análise cinemática dos membros inferiores e morfofuncional dos músculos do quadril e suas relações com a cinética de mulheres com e sem dor patelofemoral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Nunes, Guilherme Silva; Serrão, Fábio Viadanna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0722121177593722
Approximately 10% to 20% of the population is affected by patellofemoral pain (PFP), with higher prevalence in females. Last years, proximal factors to the knee joint have been related to PFP, such as poor control of hip movements in weight-bearing activities and weakness in hip muscles. The objectives of the present thesis were to compare females with and without PFP regarding muscle function of the hip and knee muscles, morphology of the gluteus medius and maximus, landing biomechanics from jumps, and to correlate muscle function and kinematic outcomes with the impact measure during landings. The objective of the present thesis were also to compare individuals with and without PFP regarding hip muscle function clinically evaluated and to review the literature regarding the methods for patellofemoral stress calculation. Hip abductors and extensors and knee extensors muscle function (rate of force development, power and torque) was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. Morphology of the gluteal musculature was evaluated using ultrasonography. Landing biomechanics was assessed using a camera system and force plate. For the clinical evaluation, hip abductors and extensors strength was evaluated isometrically using hand-held dynamometer and dynamically using 10 repetitions maximum tests, hip abduction and extension power were assessed using a linear position transducer, and endurance was assessed using the maximum number of repetitions. Females with PFP had deficits in muscle function compared to asymptomatic females including lower power and strength of hip abductors and extensors and knee extensors. During landings, females with PFP generated greater impact combined to lower hip, knee and ankle range of motion in the sagittal plane. Clinically evaluated, individuals with PFP had lower strength and power of hip abductors and extensors compared to asymptomatic individuals. Finally, the literature presents inconsistencies regarding the methods for patellofemoral stress calculation and no valid method is defined as gold standard. Therefore, different factors related to muscle function should be considered during PFP rehabilitation, especially muscle power. Interventions targeting impact and movement control during landings may also be useful.
Objetos educacionais digitais no livro didático de Biologia: um estudo de obras aprovadas no PNLD 2015
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Kapp, Alessandra Miguel; Freitas, Denise de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3330976062026878; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4871741918979382
The world we live, both physical and social, over time has undergone profound changes. Most of these changes, due to technological development, modify the way people think, act and relate. Regarding the demands of the contemporary society to qualify citizens able to use ICT as access to information through educational processes allied to the fact that school is increasingly being asked to contribute to the construction of digital communities, this research is inserted in the field of analysis of the digital didactic resources production, specifically on the digital educational objects (DEO). Thus, this research aimed to configure the insertion of digital educational objects in biology high school textbooks approved in PNLD 2015 and its contributions to teaching. As research specific objectives, it is important to locate and identify: i) The presence of DEOs in biology textbooks; ii) the themes, the textual type and /or visual representation, and the content approaches in the DEOs; iii) the type of DEO and its relation to the contents; iv) the role of DEOs in the teaching approach assumed by the textbook and v) the contribution of the DEOs in teaching. The analysis corpus selection was initially carried out by the search for information in the Didactic Book Guide of PNLD 2015 on the presence of interactivity in the DEOs, since it can contribute to the modification of the way in which it is taught and learnt the school contents. Two collections were selected, one marked by the excessive amount of non-interactive DEOs and the other with a varied degree of interactivity. During the analysis of the material we used the typology of the PNLD 2014 public notice that divided the DEOs into: audiovisuals, educational electronic games, simulators and infographics. The second type of classification refers to the textual type of DEOs contents, which brings a theoretical construction about the linguistic nature. Thus, they were divided into: narration, dissertation, exposition, injunction and description. However, in addition to the textual typology, it was also identified in the DEOs those which did not present verbal productions, these being interpreted through representations of image. For the analysis of the visual representations we classify the DEOs in: narrative representations and conceptual representations. During the exploration of the data, emergent categories based on the theoretical perspective of biology teaching were constructed. They are: to contextualize social and scientifically; to characterize the procedures of science; to approach reality; to illustrate an information or situation; and to represent scientific phenomena, models and hypotheses. From the systematization and interpretation of the data, we identify that one of the collections was marked by excessive quantity of non-interactive DEOs, categorized by an expository and illustrative format in order to facilitate biological concepts memorization and assimilation process. As much as the other collection sought to present DEOs with a higher level of interactivity, the education objects, in turn, were categorized, for the most part, as an illustrative textual type. The results indicated that most DEOs are still approaching limited resources, in which the student is asked to passively follow the information. It is concluded, in the analysis of these two textbooks, that the structuring and fundamental element that would make possible to expand the information presented in the printed book, based on degrees of interactivity, between the student and the content, in the learning process, was not yet in fact achieved by DEOs.
Campesinato e agroecologia na Colômbia: um estudo sobre as práticas produtivas e a relação com a natureza dos camponeses da Associação de Apicultores do Maciço Colombiano - APIMACIZO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Cadena Bastidas, Diana Carolina; Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3528440634665404
The aim of this research is to analyze the model of appropriation of nature from the concept of Agroecology, in a group of peasants associated in the Association of Beekeepers of the Colombian Macizo -APIMACIZO-, located in the municipality of La Vega, department of Cauca, Colombia. The fieldwork was developed during the second semester of 2016 in the first semester of 2017, a period in which semi-structured interviews were carried out with questionnaires, which were applied to 41 members of the Association, as well as open interviews that served as an input to implement the oral history methodology. The text is organized into four chapters, whereby three (chapters, one, two, three) are articles of this research. Chapter one aimed to analyze the process of emergence and consolidation of apicultural activity in APIMACIZO, the methodology used was based on semi-structured interviews and oral history (in order to understand the dynamics of the group through time through the oral reports), as a result there was an articulation of different sectors in apicultural practice, as well as the vindication of the peasant-beekeeper identity in the region. Chapter two aimed to describe the organizational form of the members of APIMACIZO, as well as their family productive systems and labor relations in the region. For this, questionnaires were used among the peasants of the association, as a conclusion it was possible to show that the relationships of the agricultural work are based on principles of reciprocity and solidarity, which have been fundamental for the organization of this group. Chapter three aimed to analyze the production model made by the members of the Association, based on the theoretical framework of agroecology. Methodologically, a bibliographic review was first carried out on the concept of Agroecology in Colombia, as well as on public policies of sustainable rural development. Subsequently, data collected in the field was used to investigate the knowledge of the interviewees about agroecology. One of the most significant results was to verify that peasants of APIMACIZO have a great respect for nature by not abandoning their traditional productive practices (sowing with shade, short and medium rotation crops, species diversity and variety of native seeds) and labor relations, which are based on solidarity and reciprocity among family members and neighbors. These working relationships in rural production are the way the peasants of APIMACIZO articulate with nature, that is, they appropriate nature through work to make it a social element.
Caminhos cotidianos de Txeramõi e Txedjaryi: interlocuções sobre saberes e fazeres guarani
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Neves, Amabile Teresa Modenez; Barros, Denise Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6607056840278610; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3876806754872742
This work aims to understand which are the everyday practices of txeramõi (old men) and txedjaryi (old women) and how they contribute to the circulation and maintenance of Guarani know-doings on transmission of nhandereko (way of being Guarani), considering their intergerational, social and cultural dynamics. This study has its methodological basis on ethnography, with interviews and fieldwork realized among Guarani Mbya villages in Aracurz-ES. It was realized that the everyday practices of elder men and women in familiar and community context don’t encompass only spiritual activities, but also educational and from-the-word activities, in a way that the roles taken travel among grandparents, advisers, religious leaders, prayers, healers and educators. Beyond this, the intention of maintenance and circulation of nhandereko (way of being Guarani) is the same in all everyday activities that were watched. This experience purposes to think about the relevance of the being/person notion to theoretical framework and to the intervention practices in Occupational Therapy, Gerontology and its areas and sociocultural contexts, once that, being a conception that precedes the human doing, it was noticed that it is related to the development of approaching ways and dialogues to differentiated realities and problems, especially in a socio-cultural way. Thereby, there is a collaboration to intercultural dialogue and to the enlargement of knowings and debates about the ways of living in old age in a context of traditional people and communities, especially Guarani Mbya.
Variação de atributos funcionais e sua influência no desempenho de espécies arbóreas reintroduzidas em áreas degradadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Fernandes, Janaina de Fátima; Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4250822030431392
The study of tree species functional traits can be a useful tool in the context of forest restoration in degraded environments. That is because understanding relationships between different traits and their interactions with abiotic components of degraded environments can allow stronger generalizations and predictions on the performance of different reintroduced species in these environments. The present thesis is composed of three independent chapters that have the same objective of evaluating variations of functional attributes and how they determine the performance of reintroduced tree species in degraded areas. In the first chapter, we investigated native tree species reintroduced in a degraded Brazilian cerrado area. We evaluated changes in functional attributes over plant initial development and the relationships between them. We found that the largest changes in functional attributes occurred in the initial months, and that environmental filters must have influenced strongly these changes since the beginning of species development. In the second chapter, we evaluated the influence of functional traits and growing conditions on the survival and growth of plants in the same study area of the first chapter, in two different stages of species development in the field. We found that, at each stage, different functional attributes contributed to survival and growth, and this can be attributed to different environmental limiting factors at each stage. In the third chapter, we carried out a study in another area which was in restoration process, where soil presented a fertility gradient. We evaluated whether variations in functional attributes within species were a direct response to different levels of soil nutrients or due to the different sizes of plants. We found that variations in most functional attributes were related only to plant size, which grew more vigorously in more fertile soils. In general, we showed that functional attributes varied over the initial development of species, were related to the environmental conditions of degraded areas and to plant size, determining the performance of species in these areas. Functional traits can be useful for predicting plant response to the environmental conditions in degraded areas and can help in the planning of more efficient forest restoration strategies.
Aprendendo a ser professor: contribuições da Rede de Aprendizagem da Docência (ReAD)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Batista, Miriam Lucia Martins; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250195451890332; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3894465331580263
The objective of this research has been to investigate how ReAD (Teaching and Learning Development Net) contributed for the overcoming and operation of difficulties beginner teachers who participated the first offer of this learning net (2016) had. With its hybrid character, the net integrated experienced and novice (with less than five years of experience) teachers as well as graduating students from college courses of Pedagogy. The READ goal was to foment the exchange and interaction among the participants and discussing issues related to teaching and difficulties faced by novice teachers at the beginning of one’s career. The theoretical reference was lined in literature about both novice and experienced teachers and the apprenticeship of teaching. The data was collected through three main instruments, the activities produced during ReAD’s development, an online quiz, which had as respondents’ five teachers, and an online interview that used four beginner teachers who completed all the proposed activities. The results show the struggles in the beginning of a teacher’s career and the lack of support those professionals face, besides the limitations of the initial teacher education. The results also show the importance of the integration of professionals in different steps of their career through a learning net, in order to share experiences and enhance knowledge regarding the teaching career.
Síntese e caracterização de vanadatos de prata e formação de nanopartículas de prata por eletro-Irradiação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-19) Oliveira, Regiane Cristina de; Longo, Elson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4418790685669021
Due to its physico-chemical, bactericidal and photocatalytic properties, Silver vanadium oxides (SVOs) have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent physicochemical properties and diverse applications. The aim of this work was to synthesize, by Co-Precipitation (CP) method, SVOs in especial the Ag4V2O7 pyrovanadate. The synthesis methods of this material proposed in the literature, require high temperatures, long processing times and sophisticated equipment. In addition, the final product is obtained with nonhomogeneous sizes and morphologies and containing deleterious phases. In this sense, the objective of this work was to perform an optimization of the CP method, in order to obtain the monophasic Ag4V2O7 with defined morphology. The materials were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, Raman, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The morphologies of the materials were studied by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Theoretical calculations of first principles, based on the Functional Density Theory (DFT), were used in the understanding of the experimental observations. Recently, our group reported, for the first time, nucleation and in situ growth of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of semiconductors of silver binary oxides, conducted by an electron beam, accelerated under high vacuum (from an electron transmission/scanning microscope) and observed that this phenomenon highlights the properties of this material. Finally, a study of the growth of Ag NPs on the surface of Ag4V2O7 was carried out, the effect of growth of Ag NPs on the electronic properties of the material were evaluated.