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Análise de decisão multicritério para avaliação de alternativas de recolhimento de palhiço de cana-de-açúcar para a cogeração de energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Lemos, Paula Horta; Silva, João Eduardo Ramos da; Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal
The sugar and alcohol industry is among the most traditional and old biomass processing industries in Brazil. Cane biomass is divided into two categories: sugarcane bagasse, available in the industry after the extraction of the juice and already used as an energy input; and the trash, object of study of this research, that is available in the field after the cane harvest. With the permanence of trash in the soil after the prohibition of pre-burning in manual harvesting, new problems have arisen, such as pest infestation and cane sprout retardation. An alternative to excess trash in the field, can be the collection of this biomass in the field for cogeneration of energy. However, the high cost associated with the collection of trash is the most plausible explanation for the small generation of surplus energy by the sector. The most widely used picking alternatives are the whole harvest, partial harvest and the baling. In the alternative of integral harvest, the cane and the trash are transported to the plant, where in a cleaning station the separation of the trash is carried out. On the other hand, in the partial harvest part of the trash is in the soil and the other part of the trash is transported along with the cane for industry and then they are separated in the cleaning station. In the baling, after the conventional mechanized harvest, the trash is left in the field for natural drying, after which the trash is enclose, packaged in the field and transported to the plant. Many criteria should be taken into account when choosing the best alternative in the process of obtaining trash, such as transportation costs, trash wetness, trash quality, separation efficiency of the cane and trash, investment and operating costs with collection, revenue from cogeneration, among others, thus there is a trade off in relation to these criteria and the alternatives for collecting trash. Thus, a generic multicriteria decision analysis model was elaborated from the SMART tool (Simple Multi-Attribute Ranking Technique) to assist companies in the sugar and alcohol industry on the alternative of collecting trash for the cogeneration of energy. The model was applied in mills of the sector. As a provisional result, the integral harvest and baling option were the suggested alternatives. However, the proposed approach allowed us to robustly analyze the most appropriate decision by means of sensitivity analyzes such as variation in the weights os the cited criteria and Monte Carlo analysis for energy price variation. After a Monte Carlo analysis, the results showed that at 41% of the simulated energy prices the recommended solution is a harvest integral. The solution suggested by the methodology is not the optimal solution in visible cost. On the other hand, it provides the best overall performance by meeting the criteria of the hierarchical structure of objectives. In addition to an acceptable cost and a high expected value of revenue, this solution satisfies other needs of the model, this is an important contribution, especially in cases where many conflicting objectives appear.
Fatores associados à fragilidade em idosos jovens e com idade acima de 75 anos que vivem na comunidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Diniz, Maria Angélica Andreotti; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8507049568896292
Introduction: Frailty is defined as the physiological state of age-related physiological vulnerability resulting from reduced homeostatic reserve and decreased ability of the body to withstand stress. It is estimated that the prevalence of fragility is between 4% and 59% in men and women, respectively, aged 65 years or older living in the community. Early detection of frailty and care for the frail elderly can assist the health team in driving the effectiveness of actions with potential for health promotion and disease prevention. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the physical frailty of young adults (60-74 years old) and over 75 years or older in a context of high social vulnerability. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the city of São Carlos with 303 elderly people living in a neighborhood of high social vulnerability. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic and health characterization, Fried fragility phenotype, Katz, Lawton scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Social Outcome Scale of the Medical Outcome Study, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the data, considering p <0.05. The project was sent to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos, through the Brazil Platform, and was approved with the number of opinion 860.653/2014. Results: Of the 303 elderly interviewed, 12.2% were non-frail, 60.7% were pre-frail and 27.1% were frail. There was a prevalence of female (57.1%), age between 60-74 years (75.6%), 1 to 4 years of schooling (51.8%) and having a partner (57.4%). Factors associated with frailty in the elderly group were depressive symptoms (OR: 2.65 95% CI: 1.3-5.0) and in the longevity group, the factor associated with frailty was illiteracy (OR: 14.6 95% CI: 1.8-116.5). Older adults presented better means when compared to older people in the variables: schooling, cognitive alteration, number of medical consultations, physical activity level, number of falls, number of hospitalizations, number of medications and number of diseases. Conclusion: The results of this research may instigate professionals and health managers about the need to discuss and plan new strategies for health promotion and prevention of aggravating factors of fragility, respecting the differences found in the elderly at the beginning and at the end of old age.
Estudo da eletrodeposição dos sistemas Mo-Zn-Cu e Ni-Mo-Cu com aplicação na reação de desprendimento de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Santos, Hugo Leandro Sousa dos; Mascaro, Lucia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6058068729091395
Molybdenum compounds and alloys have large applicability due to its great properties such as: corrosion protection and electrocatalytic activity. This work reports the electrodeposition study of Mo-Zn-Cu and Ni-Mo-Cu alloys/composites and its electrocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution reaction. The films were electrodeposited in both potential and constant current. The HER catalytic activity these materials were evaluated by cathodic polarization and Tafel curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The amount of molybdenum in these deposits ranged from 3 to 14%, copper content ranged from 30 to 75% and zinc from 34 to 84%. The deposits obtained in the baths with lower concentration of Mo (VI) exhibited type structures cauliflower and compact, and with the increase of concentration of Mo (VI) became less compact and irregular. From polarization curves, it was evident that the increase of molybdenum in the deposits of the Mo-Zn-Cu alloy improved HER electrocatalytic activity, and current density of the order of -100 mA cm-2 was obtained at -300 mV of overpotential. For these deposits, Tafel slopes close to -118 mV dec-1 and the IES measurements indicated a reaction mechanism type Volmer-Heyrovsky for HER where Heyrovsky is the rate reaction determining step (r.d.s.). For Ni-Mo-Cu deposits, the amount of molybdenum varied from 8 to 25%, the nickel content varied from 30 to 45% and copper from 35 to 50%. These deposits exhibited structures well defined with grain outlines being these in pyramidal and rounded forms of different sizes. The Ni-Mo-Cu deposits obtained in the baths with higher concentrations of Cu showed better HER electrocatalytic activities, with current density of the order of -100 mA cm-2 obtained in the overpotential of -116 mV. The Tafel slope close to -38 mV dec-1 and the IES measurements indicated the reaction mechanism Volmer-Heyrovsky for HER with Heyrovsky the r.d.s.
Morcegos do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, Sudeste da Mata Atlântica: taxonomia e saúde ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Cláudio, Vinícius Cardoso; ; Rocha, Ricardo Moratelli Mendonça da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1067399121895452; Rassy, Fabrício Braga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716428943268681; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8778478370716591
The Atlantic Forest in one of the 25 biodiversity hot spots in the world, but has suffered with a severe exploitation in the past and the biome area was reduced to 8% of its original extent. This fact, associated to the constant threats to the fauna, is pushing many species to the threshold of extinction. Carlos Botelho State Park (CBSP) is a large remnant on the Brazilian southeastern Atlantic Forest, with more than 37000 ha and no previous studies on bats. Therefore we aimed to perform the first bat inventory on CBSP, to provide data on the distribution, natural history and taxonomy of the species, focusing on the external morphology, once many species are externally similar and hard to identify on field. Additionally, we describe the microbiota diversity from oral and rectal cavities of frugivore, nectarivore, insectivore, sanguivore and carnivore bats from CBSP, and their antibiotic-resistance patterns. We conducted monthly fieldworks between October 2016 and September 2017, capturing 412 bats of 34 species of the families Phyllostomidae, Molossidae and Vespertilionidae. Captures were made using ground level mist-nets (39600 m².h), canopy mist-nets (2017.5 m².h) and searches for roosts (42 h). Bacteria were identified using the MALDI-TOF technique and the antibiotic-resistance patterns were evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer’s antibiotic disc diffusion technique on eight selected bacteria. Species rarely sampled on the Atlantic Forest of São Paulo were captured on canopy mist-nets. The species Micronycteris schmidtorum and Molossus currentium were registered for the first time in the state of São Paulo. The elevated number of species captured on CBSP surpasses most of the studies conducted on similar areas, and reinforces the importance of employing mixed capture methodologies, such as elevated mist-nets and searches for roosts. We identified 596 isolates at genus level and tentatively species level. The most common bacteria between groups were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia marcescens. The frugivore bats presented the most diverse microbiota, followed by the insectivore bats. The general results exhibited a low occurrence of resistant bacteria, which could be related to the effectivity of the Park in conserving the wildlife and environment. Once the major causes of resistance-acquiring are related to antropic activites, the limited access for tourists on certain regions of the Park seems to be effectively protecting the environment.
A percepção e a atuação de aprendizes em relação à autonomia em um curso de inglês para propósitos acadêmicos no contexto do programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Della Rosa, Stefanie Fernanda Pistoni; Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8572524714158423
This study aims at analyzing learners’ attitudes and perceptions regarding autonomy in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course, focused on writing skills (academic writing), based on the comprehension of their roles and responsibilities, as well as roles and responsibilities of teachers and teaching materials. Such comprehension is imperative when the development of autonomy beyond classroom is considered within the language learning-teaching process, mainly when active engagement in a discourse community is intended by such learner-researcher. For this reason, this research is based on studies about English for Specific Purposes (ROBINSON, 1991; HUTCHINSON e WATERS, 2006; DUDLEY-EVANS e ST. JOHN, 2010) and its subarea English for Academic Purposes (FLOWERDEW e PEACOCK, 2001, HYLAND, 2006; JORDAN, 2012), as well as on theories of Autonomy (BENSON, 2006; 2011) e (LITTLE, 1991; 1995) and Teaching Materials (TOMLINSON, 2012, 2014; HARWOOD 2005, 2010, 2014; RICHARDS 2001, 2014). The methodological perspective is the case study, guided by the qualitative approach of research whose data was collected through semistructured questionnaires, class observation and interviews. The data was collected in an Academic Writing English course offered by the program Languages without Borders in one of its affiliated universities. The data analysis reveals that in order to foster learners’ autonomy in English for Academic Purposes courses collaborative work between teachers and learners is necessary, suggesting the redefinition of their roles, highlighting: i) learners’ control over their responsibilities in the teaching-learning process through their active engagement and reflection over such process and ii) teaching practice guided by both orientation and learners’ inclusion in the decision-making process. The results indicate the relevance of courses of English for Academic Purposes to aim at raising awareness towards both academic genre and discourse community, focusing on learners’ reflection of informed use of the language in order to reach any communicative purpose shared among the discourse community; as well as the consideration of teaching materials as a relevant resource to foster learners’ autonomy. For future studies we emphasize the need for more attention to teacher’s autonomy, since their initial education, because of the intrinsic relation between teachers’ autonomy and learners’ autonomy.
Confiabilidade intra e inter avaliador do teste de 10 RM com resistência elástica na DPOC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Facio, Carina Araujo de; Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1327120732383040
Resistance training programs, especially concerning quadriceps muscle, have been indicated for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to improve muscle strength. These patients present reduced muscle mass and strength, mainly in lower limbs, which is associated with worsening in functional capacity, quality of life and mortality prognosis. Resistance training may be performed with elastic resistances, which are less expensive, easily available, practical for use and have already been associated with improving in strength and muscle mass in patients with COPD. However, training load with elastic resistance is difficult to be determined, because of its properties. Submaximal tests, such as ten-repetitions maximum test (10RM), are better for elastic resistance. Even though 10 RM test with elastic bands has a qualitative evaluation with subjective concepts to determine load, it is not yet standardized. Moreover, it is not clear whether different raters are able to determine the training load by this test. This study aims to assess intra- and inter-rater reliability of the 10 RM test with elastic resistance for knee extension in subjects with stable COPD. This is a cross-sectional study, in which two blind raters performed 10 RM tests on two non-consecutive days, not exceeding seven-days interval. Thirty-two patients with stable COPD, men and women, over 50 years old were included. Patients underwent an incremental 10 RM test with Thera-Band® elastic bands on an adjustable ergonomic chair. Cohen weighted kappa coefficient and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for statistical analysis. The intra-rater agreement was κ = 0.63 (95% CI 0.43-0.83) in dominant lower limb (DLL) and κ = 0.63 (95% CI 0.41-0.85) in non-dominant lower limb (NDLL) for rater 1, while for rater 2 it was κ = 0.64 (95% CI 0.43-0.84) in DLL and κ = 0.58 (95% CI 0.36-0.81) in NDLL. The inter-rater agreement was κ = 0.74 (95% CI 0.580.90) for DLL and κ = 0.77 (95% CI 0.60-0.94) for NDLL in test 1. In test 2, values were κ = 0.81 (95% CI 0.68-0.94) for DLL and κ = 0.76 (CI 95% 0.60-0.93) for NDLL. In conclusion, there was moderate to good inter-rater reliability and good to very good inter-rater reliability in 10 RM test for knee extension with elastic bands in patients with COPD.
Avaliação da Plataforma Lattes como fonte de coleta de metadados para povoamento automatizado em repositórios institucionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Sarvo, Denilson de Oliveira; Amaral, Roniberto Morato do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1542185480817206
Institutional Repositories (IR) are related to the Green Road strategy adopted by the Open Access Movement, which aims to create digital archives for storing and providing access to scientific and technological information. IR bring benefits such as the elimination of barriers to information access, enhancement of visibility and preservation, and also appear as a strategic source for the development of indicators of institutional scientific production. Their implementation is associated with technological, human, political and managerial aspects, and a crucial factor for this is ensuring that they are populated with data. This process comprehends collection, insertion, validation and provision of full text publications in their collections. Actions intended to populate IR have shown themselves ineffective in face of the difficulties to retrieve institutional scientific production, partly indexed on scientific and technological information databases. Facing the hypothesis that the Lattes Platform might minimize deficiency in the retrieval of scientific production of higher education institutions, this study aimed to assess the capacity to retrieve metadata from the Lattes Platform, comparing it to Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO databases. For the sake of comparison, a case study was conducted, our unit case being the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). We have utilized the SyncLattes tool for obtaining the registers that constitute the analyzed sample, and have applied bibliometry as our method of analysis. The results obtained comprise: 1) the retrieval of the scientific production from UFSCar registered in the Lattes Platform; 2) identification of the share of registers from the Lattes Platform also indexed on the Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO databases; 3) identification of UFSCar publications in open access sources; and 4) the assignment of the embargo factor on the registers retrieved. It has been concluded that the Lattes Platform is a metadata collection source that is strategic for populating IR, since it alone has guaranteed the coverage of a significant share of the scientific production in the unit-case analyzed.
PrepNet.Br: uma proposta de representação semântica para as preposições do português
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Garcia, Débora Domiciano; Lopes, Marcos Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8585527032653186; Di Felippo, Ariani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0661331988415902
In the last decades, the study of prepositions has been more modest when compared to the studies of nouns, verbs and adjectives, both in Linguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, some recent studies have shown that the semantic of prepositions is essential for the understanding of sentences and this can benefit computational applications. This thesis proposes the description of prepositions in terms of a semantic network inspired by WordNet (Princeton's Lexical Database for English, WN.Pr). In this proposal, it is argued that prepositions with similar spatial characteristics are synonymous and occupy the center of the network, from which their metaphorical extensions derive. In representational terms, the synonymy was modeled by means of synsets (as in WN.Pr), simple definitions (glosses) were assigned to each direction, and antonyms, hyperonymy, and hyponymy relations were established. Therefore, this research was developed in two research domains: Linguistic and Computational-Linguistics. In the first domain, (i) we study the theoretical cognitive knowledge that supports the spatial description of the basic sense of these items, and (ii) we identified their metaphorical senses based on a systematization of the different meanings attributed by Portuguese grammars. In the second domain, we proposed the systematization of the linguistic data in a conceptual hierarchy organized in a computationally treatable format implemented in Protégé, one of the most used editors for the creation and edition of ontologies. In total, 502 different senses were identified and indexed, creating the first version of PrepNet.Br, published online. Of these, 152 spatial meanings were attributed to 15 simple prepositions and 110 complex prepositions, while 350 are metaphorical meanings grouped into 114 classes. In addition, a total of 2358 sample sentences were selected. With the creation of this sense inventory, a new lexical resource was created for Brazilian Portuguese and the description of prepositions contributed to enrich the studies in Descriptive Linguistics. With the creation of this sense inventory, a new lexical resource was created for Brazilian Portuguese that may contribute to enrich the studies of Descriptive Linguistics and, even modestly, to the advance of NLP in Brazil.
Aquisição de implicaturas escalares: considerações teóricas e experimentais com base em casos típicos e atípicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Torres, Jonathan Silva; Basso, Renato Miguel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1205475251508276
Almost 60 years ago, when H. P. Grice sketched a distinction between “presupposition” and “implicature” we can say that, even with its origins in analytic philosophy, modern linguistic pragmatics was born. The study of human communication had already received attention in philosophy by authors like John Austin and John Searle through the Speech Acts Theory and, although the latter had already proposed an account about the intentions of the speakers, present in the communicative acts, it is in the seminal work of Grice (1975) that intention is described in a systematic way, allied to linguistic phenomena. It is also in Grice’s work that the study of the implicatures begun, which has received attention from linguists until today under “scalar implicatures”. A number of theories have been proposed to try to account for the phenomenon and from the beginning of the twenty-first century, these theories have been increasingly put to the test by means of experimental studies in order to verify how the speakers, with either typical or atypical development, acquire or process these implicatures. This master’s thesis is committed to a presentation of these theories and related experiments in order to formulate a critical debate about its theoretical-experimental adequacy to account for the phenomenon.
Fitocistatinas: caracterização bioquímica e aplicação na transformação genética de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Schneider, Vanessa Karine; Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2426157257540389; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6604765200697598
Cystatins are tight-binding, competitive cysteine-peptidase inhibitors. In plants, these proteins are part of natural defense mechanism, regulating endogenous and exogenous peptidases. In humans, cystatins are responsible for regulation of physiological processes, which are limited by overexpression of cysteine peptidases. The lack of regulation of biological mechanisms that control activity of cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases result in several diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have evaluated the potential of cystatins in inhibition of human cathepsins for disease regression. In addition to biotechnological application in health area, cystatins have been widely used in studies aimed at the control of insect pests in agriculture. Insects of Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Homoptera orders have cysteine-peptidases as digestive enzymes. Overexpression of cystatins in transgenic plants has been performed in a large number of species, and results are promising, with interference in mortality, reproduction and development of insects fed with these plants. In this way, this work is divided in two chapters aiming at biotechnological application of phytocystatins in agriculture through the genetic transformation of sugarcane with a cystatin (CaneCPI-4) aiming at resistance to Migdolus fryanus insect (Chapter 1) and biotechnological application of phytocystatins in human health through characterization of Citrus cystatins and inhibition studies with human cathepsins and cysteine-peptidases from different organisms (Chapter 2). Chapter 1 corresponds to experiments of genetic transformation of sugarcane with cystatin CaneCPI-4 by methods of biolistics and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformations made by biolistics resulted in few transforming events, due to low plant regeneration efficiency. In sugarcane genetic transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens it was possible to observe that regeneration of transformed plants showed to be more efficient than the regeneration of plants transformed by biolistics, being healthier, with greater number of events and good plant development, accounting for 92 plants under development. Chapter 2 corresponds to characterization of five Citrus cystatins, CsinCPI-1, CsinCPI-2, CclemCPI-1, CclemCPI-2 and CclemCPI-3 by cloning into pET28a expression vector, expression in Escherichia coli cells, protein purification by affinity chromatography and cysteine-peptidase inhibition assays. Cystatin CclemCPI-3 is bifunctional, being able to inhibit activity of a legumain and enzymes of papain family. The activity of cysteine-peptidase papain was efficiently inhibited by all cystatin tested, with Ki on the order of nanomolar. Human cathepsin S was efficiently inhibited by CsinCPI-2 (Ki = 0.11 nM). Cathepsins K and L are efficiently inhibited by CclemCPI-2 (Ki = 0.00098 nM and 0.00608 nM, respectively). Cathepsin B is efficiently inhibited by CclemCPI-1 (Ki = 0.42 nM). These results are promising for future trials evaluating effect of cystatin in vivo, which may result in biotechnological application of Citrus cystatins in human disease control.
Projeto Oficina do Saber: sentidos do trabalho de professores na escola em tempo integral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Borges, Edmar José; Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8395851882918676
The objective of this research was to investigate the meanings given by teachers of a full-time elementary public school of Sorocaba/SP to Project Oficina do Saber, focusing on the challenges and on the possibilities to the organization of their work. Specifically, the objectives were: a) to know the historical implementation context of Project Oficina do Saber in a public school of Sorocaba/SP; b) to understand the teacher’s work organizational context in the researched school; c) to know the concept of integral education for the teachers who work in Project Oficina do Saber and for its governing legal mechanism, the Orientations Report number 3. The theoretical and methodological principles that had been used were the historical-dialectical materialism and the historical-cultural theory. The methodological strategies that had been used were the documental analysis, participant observation with records in field camp and semi structured interviews conducted with three teachers. The results indicate that: a) Project Oficina do Saber’s historical implementation process in the researched school showed that a meaning of pedagogical complement has been given to the kid’s daily extend school time; b) The Orientations Report number 3 advocates an organizational mode for the pedagogical work wich is centered in the child and in its protagonism. However, this proposal is partly observed by the interviewed teachers, due to factors such as lack of resources, absence of administrative and pedagogical support and working requirements that are beyond the teacher’s formation possibilities; c) the Report number 3 conceives integral education as integrated child formation, considering all of his or her dimensions: cognitive, affective, ethical, social, playful, esthetic, physical and biological; the teachers conceive the integral education as a way of preparing children for life in society, both for the acquisition of cognitive or emotional competences. Project Oficina do Saber’s proposal and the pedagogical work that have been developed are considered to be articulated to the interests of dominant classes, strengthening the fundamentals of the neoliberal capitalist production mode and precluding the implementation of integral education as human formation in the Marxist perspective; in this sense, conceiving ways of articulating integral education in full-time school to the interests of working class is considered necessary.
Procesos y experiencias en las prácticas de terapia ocupacional en comunidad en Argentina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Vinzón, Valentina; Nabergoi, Mariela; Magalhães, Lilian Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695787131933459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0911842600279410
The recent history of the Occupational Therapy (OT) in Latin America shows great concern for socio-community issues that affect occupations and the daily life of individuals and communities. The occupational therapist, acting in society with the demands that it imposes, must promote possibilities of inclusion, emancipation and participation in people’s social life. Thus, the community as a context of participation to achieve a collectively-built state of well-being, and as a fundamental space of practice and visibility of the OT, requires further studies on this discipline. To be able to make a critical contribution to this area, it is fundamental to analyze, from the perspective of the service users and the occupational therapists of community settings, the effects generated by the interventions as perpetuators or transformative elements of the social realities of people and their communities. The present study, qualitative, is positioned in the socio-critical perspective to describe and analyze the processes and experiences of people who participate in OT programs at the community level, in relations to the changes they generate in their daily lives and life projects, and to know how occupational therapists co-produce these practices. To achieve this objectives, we start with a scoping review of the relevant literature to understand from what foundations and methodologies occupational therapists have been developing their practices in community in the last years (2006-2016). In a second stage, and because it is a collaborative research, we worked from three different occupational therapy programs in community settings of the city of Santa Fe and surroundings, in Argentina. Participant observations, interviews with service users and occupational therapists were carried out, as well as an adaptation of the Photovoice methodology. The results show that the OT community practices studied -linked to social and solidarity economy-, constitute a fundamental space of participation for the users, in the construction of conditions for socio-economic autonomy, the creation of links of support, and the projection of a future of possibilities. Also, from the perspective of the occupational therapists, the co-construction processes of these practices and their actual conditions are described.
Avaliação da simulação realística como intervenção educativa para capacitação de enfermeiros em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Oliveira, Isabela Cristina de; Machado, Regimar Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1310723429860987; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1772510734015739
Introduction: In the context of health, we seek to train proactive and critical thinking. In order for this to happen, the technicalist teaching, part of the model should be replaced by a curriculum for with an active method. In this sense, the realistic simulation, as an active teaching strategy, provides interaction between the task to be performed and simulators, and can be used in a variety of teaching areas, such as training or training of emergency situations. In the context of simulations for emergency capacities, cardiorespiratory arrest (CRP) is an occurrence that requires quick decisions and technical competence. The team which receives frequent training, and which is closely linked to the provided, presents a great differential in the survival of the patients victims of CRP. Objective: To evaluate the realistic simulation as intervention education for the training of nurses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and perform a follow-up to evaluate the elapsed time of the training. Method: It is a quasi-experimental study, with an intra-participant design, focus on educational intervention and evaluation of the teaching method through realistic simulation, containing nine steps. Results: Between phases IA and IC; ID After 60 days, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) and, between the times IB and ID, there was a difference (p> 0.05), showing that after receiving training after of Time IA respondents appeared to have withheld the knowledge of Time IB up to Time and considerably reduced its performance after 60 days of training. Conclusion: The theoretical training linked to the simulated practice offers performance of participants when compared to the theory. This result shall be maintained within 60 days of the training, as that the participants' scores did not reach the initial indices.
Oscilação postural na condição de dupla tarefa durante atividade sentado para de pé em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de down
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Pena, Gisele Moreira; Campos, Ana Carolina de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292093208120940; Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6976090408442164
Activities of daily living commonly require that different tasks be done simultaneously, which is known as dual tasking. For an efficient integration of those tasks, integrity of the organic systems is necessary, especially for postural adjustments to occur. This may not happen in some health conditions that affect neuromuscular control. With this premise, the first study titled "Dual task activity in children with neuromotor dysfunctions - systematic review" was undertaken. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the effects of dual tasks in children and adolescents with neuromotor dysfunctions. It also aimed to identify the methods used and to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. We found that the addition of a secondary task impairs the performance of the primary task, independently of the neuromotor dysfunction; the same happens in control groups. Most of the studies assessed children during gait, and no other functional mobility activities, such as the sit-to-stand (ST-DP), were investigated. Considering the importance of this activity to functionality, as well as the high biomechanical demand it places, children with neuromotor dysfunctions may have difficulties to associate attentional and motor demands during the activity. One dysfunction of high incidence, but that has received little attention regarding these aspects is Down syndrome. This finding motivated the second study: "Influence of dual task on sitting to standing activity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome". The aim of this study was to verify the influence of dual motor tasks on postural oscillation of children and adolescents with DS while performing ST-DP activity, in comparison with typical children. The study showed that children and adolescents with DS have higher postural oscillation compared to their typical peers, and smaller oscillations during dual tasks when compared to each other. These results indicate that the greater attention and motor demands of dual tasks seems to cause freezing of degrees of freedom. This may be a strategy for suppressing neuromuscular deficits and maintaining body stability. Thus, more studies with this population and applying the dual task paradigm are necessary. Also, therapeutic practices should train both isolated and dual tasks, seeking to automate these activities, and to decrease the functional impairments caused by the syndrome.
Reprodutibilidade intra e inter-avaliador e validade do teste de marcha estacionária de seis minutos associado à realidade virtual em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Frade, Maria Cecília Moraes; Jamami, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6097087590703304
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to promote the importance of evaluating the functional capacity of patients with COPD and the wide variety of tests available. The Six-Minutes Stationary walk Test associated with Virtual Reality (STVR-6) was created to face the limitations of current evaluation tests. It does not require a large physical space, sophisticated equipment and/or high cost, and can be performed by only one evaluator. It also provides the volunteer with an integrative and fun evaluation, in a practical and simple way. AIMS: Evaluate intra- and inter-rater reproducibility and to verify the validity of the STVR-6 criteria. METHODS: Were evaluated 50 volunteers with COPD over the course of three days; The STVR-6 was performed on the first two days (each day by a different evaluator), and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) on the third day. The variables for the Distance traveled on the 6MWT (D6MWT) and for the number of steps (NS) in the STVR-6 were obtained, being collected and analyzed expiratory gases in both tests. RESULTS: Relative reproducibility was found for CCI values: 0.94-0.57 (p <0.001), between NP and the highest value of Oxygen Consumption during the test (VO2 peak), intra and inter-rater. In the absolute reproducibility, the values of Standard Error of Measure and Minimum Detectable Difference were verified and in Bland Altman the Mean Error (ME) was 21 and 17 steps and 0.002 and 0.242ml/min/kg, intra and inter-rater, respectively. Pearson's correlation values were 0.75-0.58 (p <0.001) between peak NP and VO2 peak. CONCLUSIONS: STVR-6 has excellent intra-rater reproducibility and excellent to moderate inter-rater, but with high values of error measures, demonstrating that there is learning effect and the need to perform at least two tests. In addition, there is a high to moderate correlation between STVR-6 and the 6MWT. Therefore, STVR-6 proved to be reproducible and valid for evaluating the functional exercise capacity of patients with COPD.
Crianças e jovens em situação de vulnerabilidades e a naturalização da(s) violência(s)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Guarnieri, Paola Karuliny; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2381242021220654
This research had two main objectives: to analyze whether in the perceptions and life trajectories of the research participants the naturalization of violence is observed; and to identify whether the rights of children and adolescents vulnerable to violence have been ensured. In the qualitative perspective, the participants' narratives were used as a methodological procedure, and as data collection instruments, the presentation of images related to the situation of risk, violence and vulnerability; and the documentary analysis of their medical records written by the social worker of the Service of Coexistence and Strengthening of Family and Community Links - SCFV. We selected nine children and adolescents, aged between seven and fifteen years, enrolled in an institution maintained by the Department of Social Assistance of a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. To analyze its narratives we elaborate two categories: Vulnerabilities and situations of violence: absence of assured rights; and, Perceptions of violence: fears, overcrowding and naturalization. It was noticed that the selected subjects have their basic rights violated due to the economic and social uncertainty in which they are inserted. Children and adolescents live in precarious conditions that result in the violation of their basic rights, so they can not clearly identify the situations of violence they suffer; on the contrary, they reflect impotence on them, naturalizing them with some hope that something or someone can reverse such circumstances. In this sense, they wait through faith (religion), or they expect that in the future the financial situation of their families will become different. It was concluded that there is an urgent need for investments in this area with public social policies that are responsible for and fulfill the rights of these citizens, as well as innovative research and interventions that can help in this change of society.
O ruralismo pedagógico no estado de São Paulo nas décadas de 1930 e 1940: as escolas normais, os cursos de especialização, as escolas técnicas e os clubes agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Basso, Jaqueline Daniela; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4224464620856250
During the 1980s and 1940s were marked by the impact between those who defended the urbanization and industrialization of the countries, and the rural persons desired the maintenance of the agrarian economy and the power oligarchy. The rural movement gave origin to an educacional perspective, it was called Ruralist Pedagogical which was based on the defence for a specific education for rural areas, and in the credulity that it would be capable of possess the migratory process of the field for cities, it was inevitable in advance of technological development, transforming increasingly them to the urban areas in attractive, also comfort and availability of jobs places in trade and industries. In this work, the objective is understand, how the Ruralist Pedagogical movement materialized in São Paulo State and how regarding the initiatives directed the educational formation for the rural schools, in the decades of 1930 and 1940.Therefore, contemplate the following specific objectives: How one gave the development of the Normal Education in Brazil and São Paulo's State; understand, to develop effective responses in the Ruralist Pedagogical educational movement and the historical context that produced it in Brazil, also verify how Ruralist Pedagogical influenced the teacher training through the Normal Rural Schools and the Agricultural Specialization Courses. Likewise, to identify the influence of the Ruralist Pedagogical in the Vocational education offered in the Agricultural Schools for example the Esalq and, finally, to understand the Agricultural School Clubs, institutions implemented the ruralist pedagogical. Validated and contemplated the proposed objectives is based on primaries sources, such as legislation, official documents of the studied period, yearbooks of education, Digital Newspaper library available in San Carlos' Municipality, besides it the bibliographical review. The initiatives ruralist analyzed, demonstrated the ruralist pedagogical movement turned especially in activities agricultural practices, notions of hygiene in the curriculum of the Normal Rural Schools, Courses of Agricultural Specialization and Agricultural Clubs, it was an attempt for the ruralist in keeping the economic order agrarian by means of the fixation of people on the land. Finally, this investigation serves to contribute the writers on behalf of the history of the rural Brazilian education and paulista; regarding the educational formation.
A construção dos discursos que circulam entre a Ciência, a Tecnologia e a Sociedade no gênero “revista de atualidades”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Pugliese, Allan Tadeu; Miotello, Valdemir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3775892304974488
The purposes of this study is to show how the translation of texts from the spheres of Science and Technology to more common spheres of the Society happens. For that we analyze the Brazilians magazines Superinteressante, Saúde e Vital, Quatro Rodas and Architecture & Construction - the four magazines publications of the publisher Abril. Our methodology was the collating of texts (GERALDI, 2012) and we went through the theories of the discursive genres (BAKHTIN, 2003), the design (DONDIS, 2007; SUDJIC, 2010) and the literary translation (PETRILLI, 2011; PONZIO, 2008) the translation with dialogic vision between languages and discursive spheres. The separation of these magazines was also created as "current news magazines". We can see how the translation occurs and that the various fields cited can help to build a new understanding of how to pass information to other discursive spheres.
Crise e saúde mental na adolescência: a história sob a ótica de quem vive
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Rossi, Lívia Martins; Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595043315867424; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1805071941058829
Several studies indicate that adolescents are more vulnerable to the development of mental health problems. However, there is also a lack of researches that focuses on the experience of psychic suffering and attention to the adolescent mental health, including the experience of the mental health crisis. The present study aimed to identify a perception and trajectory of adolescents who experienced a mental health crisis and their responsible family members. The Oral History method was used to collect the narratives of five adolescents between the ages of 16 and 17, users of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij) located in a medium-sized city in the interior of the State of São Paulo. Open-ended statements were applied and the responsible family members were also questionated. The interviews were audio-recorded, fully transcribed, textualized and the material was analyzed through the thematic and content method. Based on the results, it was observed that the participants approach the experience of the crisis in an individualized way, linking it especially to depressive symptoms, ideation and suicide attempt. The reports of suffering refer to the relationships between peers and the family context, whose adversities are considered as possible triggers of crisis processes. Regarding the treatment, was recognized resistance to adhesion, use of medication and the activities offered by the care service, and CAPSij is seen as a reference, sometimes as an absence of supporting. It is also perceived the experience of the crisis as a possibility of transformation of the relationships between adolescents and their families, and the trajectory of access to the service, which goes through the emergency room and the CAPS III before the assistance at CAPSij. The present study, when focusing on the history of adolescents about their experience of the crisis, signals the power that can emerge from processes which the listening and participation of adolescents is guaranteed in the context of care. Therefore it subsidizes important reflections for the professionals who deal with this population in strategic services of mental health care and beyond in order to effect the active participation in the care process, valued in the Brazilian mental health policy, and to favor dynamics of engagement and social participation, based on actions to promote mental health.
Bactérias endofíticas isoladas de Caryocar brasiliense: atividade enzimática, antimicrobiana, leishmanicida e co-cultura com microrganismos patogênicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-27) Assis, Pamela Carla Pereira de; Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8835007695073092
Endophytic microorganisms are defined as those that can be isolated from healthy plant tissues, superficially disinfected and which do not cause apparent damage to the host. These microorganisms indirectly benefit the growth of plants through the production of secondary bioactive metabolites, which prevent the growth and activity of pathogenic organisms through their insecticidal and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, they are an invaluable source for the prospection of new molecules of biotechnological interest. Currently, the enzyme market has moved thousands of dollars annually, with emphasis on the enzymes produced by microorganisms. In addition, the increase of resistance to antibiotics by strain of pathogenic microorganisms has made urgent the need to develop new molecules with antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity. Hence, the aim of this study was to prospect for endophytes associated with Caryocar brasiliense, a plant species native to the Brazilian savannah. Although it is commonly used in folk medicine, there is only few studies about its endophytic community and production of secondary metabolites. Forty-two endophytic microorganisms were isolated from C. brasiliense, one was identified as an actinobacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces. The evaluation of the enzymatic activity showed that 33.3%, 40,1%, 28,6% and 9,5% were positive for amylase, cellulase, 28.6% protease, lipase and esterase, respectively. In the preliminary tests for evaluation of antimicrobial activity, six isolates showed activity against Staphyloccocus aureus and one isolate, the actinobacteria, showed activity against Candida albicans, and was selected for the subsequent tests. Analysis of the growth kinetics of Streptomyces spp. demonstrated that the beginning of the production of bioactive substances against C. albicans started in 40 hours. The bioactivity evaluation of the crude extract produced during co-culture with potentially pathogenic microorganisms demonstrated a 50% increase in inhibition of C. albicans and promoted inhibition of S. aureus, which had not been reported in axenic culture. The microdilution assay evaluated the bioactivity of lyophilized crude extract agains C. albicans, which demonstrated an inhibition rate higher than 90% at concentration 10 mg.mL-1 and 56% at 2 mg.mL-1. The leishmanicidal effect of this extract was also observed, and the results showed cell death rate of 93% at 10 mg.mL-1.