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Aprendizado de máquina multivisão aplicado à análise de correferência em um sistema de aprendizado sem fim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Mansano, Alex Fernandes; Hruschka Júnior, Estevam Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2097340857065853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3215012606484031
NELL (Never-Ending Language Learning) is the first never-ending learning system presented in the litera ture. It has been modeled to create a knowledge base in an autonomous way, reading the web 24 hours per day, seven days per week. In this paradigm, all knowledge acquired is used to improve the learning performance. In this paradigm we face cases where the same object can be named in several ways. These cases as called as correferents, and has great importance for the never-ending learning process, as long as the knowledge about certain entity in a textual base may be distributed among its denominations.As such, the co-reference analysis has a crucial role in NELL’s learning paradigm. In this paper, we approach the combination of different feature vectors as an optimization task performed by meta-heuristic techniques and artificial neural networks, in order to maximize the separability of samples in the feature space, being the optimization process guided by the accuracy of Optimum Path Forest and variations of Siamese Networks in a validation set. The experiments showed the proposed methodology can obtain much better results when compared to the performance of individual feature extraction algorithms.
Cultivo de Streptococcus zooepidemicus: modelagem e produção de ácido hialurônico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Harth, Matheus Lopes; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4285466839275946
Hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer found in many organisms, which has several biomedical applications, like viscosupplementation and aesthetic procedures. Such applications are associated with its rheological properties, that depend directly on the molar mass. Streptococcus zooepidemicus bacteria can produce hyaluronic acid. However, it is still necessary to determine the best operating conditions for a bioreactor so that higher HA yields are achieved. In the light of this, our work aims to develop kinetic and genome-scale models that describe the microbial production of hyaluronic acid. To reach this objective, information was collected regarding the central carbon metabolism, production, and consumption of amino acids of S. zooepidemicus. To adjust and validate these models, experimental data were obtained from cultures using glucose as carbon source and soybean peptone as nitrogen source in 5 L automated stirred tank bioreactor. To adjust the kinetic model, PSO algorithm was used, while OptFlux software was used to simulate the developed genome-scale model. The agitated tank bioreactor cultures indicated the microorganism consumed other nutrients present in the peptone besides the glucose added to the medium. In addition, an adaptation phase of almost 20 h. This phase was reduced by increasing the concentration of glucose in the inoculum and pre-inoculum. The experimental results also showed that the concentration of amino acids increases at the end of the culture, which can be explained by the action of proteases. Regarding the proposed kinetic model, it could competently describe most of the experimental data, diverging in the last data of cell and lactic acid concentration. This fact is attributed to the more intense consumption of the nutrients of the peptone used. As for the adapted genomic scale model, the major alterations were regarding the reactions related to the formation of acid D- glucuronic and the biosynthesis and consumption of amino acids. The validation tests results diverged from the experimental data. It is possible that consumption of other nutrients in the peptone were responsible for this. However, errors that compromised the simulations were not observed, indicating the developed genome-scale model potential.
A hipermídia como viabilização da ética na administração pública federal : propostas de um modelo de ação para produção de conteúdo jornalístico no IFSULDEMINAS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Bueno, José Valmei; Botelho-Francisco, Rodrigo Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2664701896506145; Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2893153253924855; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9618865406337244
The Ethics of public organizations and systems require the construction of mechanisms for an open, transparent and democratic relationship between Society and State. The contemporary Information and Communication Technologies benefit the interactivity between citizens and federal institutions. One of the most effective means of stopping plural communication between individuals and public organizations is the journalistic-editorial content built on institutional websites.In the twenty-first century, when hyper-mediatic language shows a powerful power of influence over society,the State can not give up implementing it in its communication systems, which requires public management to re-orient cultural in the establishment of the conversation with individuals.That is, in the context of hypermedia, the information generated within public organizations is not elaborated by the logic of monologue, but is constructed by the diversity of opinions; they are not restricted to certain interest groups, but are exposed and built up instantly in cyberspace.Thus, the state institutions must adapt the language of journalistic content conveyed by institutional portals to the characteristics of this contemporary medium of communication to enhance ethics in the federal public service.The aim of this research is to analyze the journalistic content that was published on the institutional website of Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia from the South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil.(IFSULDEMINAS) apart from the ethical concepts housed in the Code of Conduct of the Federal High Administration, which t will have as its main goals, to present ethical guidelines for the dissemination of hypermedia journalistic content in a Federal eduacational institution ( IF Sul de Minas). For this, the exploratory research methodology will be pursued, fundamentally through literary review and in-depth interviews though. As a result, technical, cultural and political / economic proposals were obtained for the execution of a Model of Action.
Desenvolvimento de uma nova rota de síntese hidrotermal assistida por micro-ondas para a obtenção de nanopartículas de espinélios de manganês e lítio dopados com alumínio para aplicação em baterias de íons lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Falqueto, Juliana Bruneli; Bocchi, Nerilso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4121172667823749
Spinel of manganese and lithium undoped and doped with aluminum were obtained by an unpublished, energy saving, short time, and low temperature synthesis: microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. Undoped spinel was synthesized using KMnO4, LiOH, and acetone. The reaction was carried out in a microwave reactor at 140 °C under constant magnetic stirring for 5 min. After that, it was submitted to a new microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment, called ionic exchange, in a LiOH solution at 140 °C under constant magnetic stirring for 10 min. Finally, it was submitted to a heat treatment on a conventional microwave oven for 4 min. In order to obtain the spinels doped with aluminum, different routes of synthesis and aluminum proportions were studied. Doped spinels were obtained under the same synthesis conditions as the undoped spinel, with the addition of Al(NO3)3 in the proportion in mol of 1.000 Mn : 0.075 Al. The influence of the ionic exchange on the doping process was investigated using three different routes: without ionic exchange and ionic exchange with or without Al(NO3)3. All materials exhibited high intensity peaks on X-ray diffractograms (XRD), in accordance solely to the crystallographic pattern JCPDS 35-0782, referring to the LiMn2O4 of cubic phase. The peaks of higher intensity on the diffractograms referring to the spinel phase resulted in shifts to higher values of the angles 2θ, indicating the substitution of Mn3+ by Al3+ of smaller ionic radius. The SEM micrographs indicated the predominance of faceted structures with nanometric particle size between 30 and 50 nm and homogeneous distribution. Quantified by ICP analyses, all the doped spinels presented significant values of aluminum in mass percentage, which confirms doping. Due to high crystallinity, no phase segregation, lower doping content, and higher initial specific capacity, the route with ionic exchange without Al(NO3)3 was chosen to investigate the variation on the aluminum proportion. With this method, two other spinels were synthesized using the mol proportion of Mn : Al of 1.000 : 0.050 and 1.000 : 0.025. The XRD confirmed the absence of any secondary phase containing aluminum and/or potassium, and again the peaks of higher intensity showed shifts to higher values of the angles 2θ, which indicate doping. The mapping images obtained by EDX indicated that the aluminum element is present in the homogeneous way in all extension of the doped spinels. In the cyclic voltammetries characteristic profiles of the spinel were observed with higher peak currents values for spinels doped with lower contents of aluminum. The doped spinel with lower contents of aluminum showed the highest value of specific capacity (100 mA h g-1) at a rate C/10. In addition, because it was synthesized by an unpublished method and formation of only one crystalline phase and size of ~40 nm with homogeneous distribution, this material was promising for the continuity of the electrochemical tests.
Avaliação de meios filtrantes para filtro de mangas com sistema de limpeza de jato de ar pulsante do processo de despoeiramento secundário da aciaria de uma indústria siderúrgica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Carvalho, Max Vinícius Aparecido de; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6442107086409728
Nowadays, in addition to complying with the emission limits determined by the authorities, some companies seek to minimize their operating costs. In order to achieve this, they must choose a proper material for the filter media, taking into account characteristics of the gas (mass flow, temperature and corrosivity) and the particulate matter (hygroscopy, abrasiveness and size). It is also necessary that the filter has extended span life and operate with low pressure drop and high collection efficiency for fine particles. So, this study aims to evaluate PTFE coated and non-coated polyester filter media of two manufacturers that can be employed in the secondary dedusting system of the LD process of a steel mill, a pulse jet fabric filter. In this way, first the particulate matter collected in the industrial baghouse and the filter medias were characterized. Then filtration experiments were conducted in a VDI 3926 based test rig which simulates a real pulse jet fabric filter. The penetration of particles in the media was calculated for the first filtration cycle, and the collection efficiency of PM2.5 and PM1,0 was determined before and after the cycles. Also, the collection efficiency of NaCl nanoparticles was calculated for the virgin filter medias in the 10 to 300 nm range. Experimental results of the first filtration cycle show that fabrics from manufacturer B had lower total filtration time and higher weight gain than the competitor, but its non PTFE coated version was the one that particles penetrated the most. On the other hand, the non PTFE coated polyester media of manufacturer A took more time than the one of manufacturer B to complete 20 cycles, and was more efficient in collecting particles before and after the cycles. And the PTFE coated media showed near 100% collection efficiency for PM2.5, PM1.0 and nanoparticles for both manufacturers.
Adubos verdes irrigados com efluente tratado de laticínio e cultivo em sucessão da alface e beterraba em consórcio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Vizú, Juliana de Fátima; Gomes, Tamara Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8713189027706362; Rossi, Fabrício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621862166341833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8896622733410380
The objective of this work is to verify the development of green manure and its influence on the chemical characteristics of the soil and the cultivation in succession of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) consortium, and beet (Beta vulgaris L.), with the contribution of treated effluent of dairy. The experimental design used for the randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (2 x 5) with two water sources (treated effluent of dairy) and four green manures Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformes and (control green fertilizer), with four replicates. In the 70 days after sowing, it analyzed the green manures and the soil, and transplanted to the lettuce and beet seedlings. In the 45 days after the transplant, they were analyzed as lettuce plants in 73 days as beet plants. Pork bean was the only green manure that yielded similar productivity when irrigated with both sources of water, and the others had a smaller phytomass when irrigated with treated dairy effluent. Phytoextraction was low by green manures. There was an increase in sodium concentration in the soil irrigated with treated dairy effluent. The contribution of effluent did not influence the nodulation of the green manures, but contributed to soil chemical fertility, with increase of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. As lettuce and beet plants produced satisfactorily with an irrigation with treated effluent of dairy in succession to the cultivation of green fertilizers
Desenvolvimento local : uma análise crítica dos paradigmas e dos impasses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Barbosa, Tayla Nayara; Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1006450649563809
This research aims to understand the process of institutionalization of public policies focused on the theme of local development, analyzing the main legal frameworks that surrounded these policies, emphasizing the contradictions intrinsic to them from the theoretical model of historical institutionalism. From the previous theoretical observation on development at the local scale, it can be observed that the brazilian municipalities, within the perspective of a global capitalism, have difficulties of economic growth and guarantee of good quality of life for its population. Therefore, the objective of the research is to investigate the process of institutionalization of local development in Brazil, starting with the 1988’s Constitution. Considering that the discussions on public policies of local development have gained strength in recent years, the present work intends to critically analyze socioeconomic development policies based on the theory of endogenous development.In conclusion, we observe that local development, inserted in a national development project, has characteristics that can contribute to economic growth aligned to the quality of life. However, its appropriation from the mainstream perspective distorts the proposal of development from the local actors, which creates a mismatch between the project and its application.
Programa semipresencial de habilidades sociais para professores: características dos cursistas e indicadores de processo e resultado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Cintra, Amelie Bussolan; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6036858706875647
It´s noticed the need and importance of preparing teachers to deal with the challenges that interfere in the teaching and learning process, as well as with the interpersonal demands of their personal and professional life. The theoretical-practical field of Social Skills presents resources for that, with evidences of effectiveness and efficiency of face-to-face teacher´s programs. In order to this training reach the teaching community, it is crucial to investigate modalities of disseminating these practices with evidence of effectiveness. This research evaluated the first module of a social skills course for teachers by investigating the relationships between the characteristics of the teachers-trainees (sociodemographic data, professional performance, technology domain, professional self-evaluation, understanding about social-emotional development and classroom management), the program process (attendance, quality of engagement, course aspects) and results (social skills performance and knowledge). The program was conducted in the blended learning mode, with six units, totaling 40 hours of face-to-face activities and in the virtual learning environment. Participated eleven teachers of the 1st to 5th year of elementary public school, who answered the IHS-Del-Prette (version 2016) and a knowledge questionnaire about social skills, as well as personal information and conceptions. Moreover, the performance of the teachers throughout the program were also evaluated by tutors. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially (Student's t, Wilcoxon and Spearman's Correlation). The results have indicated that the program was effective in indicators of social skills reporting, measured by IHS-Del-Prette, in the total score (t(10)=2,43; p=0,035; g=0,24), skills of social self-exposure in F4 (t(10)=2,46; p=0,034; g=0,71) and in affective-sexual assertiveness skills in F5 (t(10)=2,25; p=0,049; g=0,42), as well as by improving acquisition of knowledge, evaluated in the open questions (Z=-2,76; p=0,003; r=-0,59), closed (t(10)=3,022; p=0,013; g=0,80) and total score (Z=-2,93; p=0,001; r=-0,63). It was found significant and negative correlations between sociodemographic variables (age, time from graduation and professional experience) and the variables of process (notes for improvement of tasks, managing the virtual environment and overall course performance) and outcome (social skills performance), as well as positive correlations between the students' initial self-assessment (in social skills assertive, emotional self-control, conflict management) and the teacher´s improvement of their social self-exposition assertiveness ability. The data reinforce the importance to considering the initial characteristics of teachers as a way to plan aspects of the process and in the establishment of conditions for in service teacher´s programs. Limitations and implications of the results of this pilot study are discussed along the thesis.
Ansiedade social: avaliando protocolo de intervenção em grupo com estudantes universitárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Souza, Graziela de Oliveira; Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5035281233760065
The conditions currently observed in contemporary life are associated with stressful and aversive aspects that can increase the probability of both conditioned and unconditioned responses of anxiety, as well as maintain a relatively sophisticated repertoire under aversive control, that can lead to both the production and strengthening of repertoire usually identified as social anxiety. Social anxiety, also known as social phobia can produce economic, affective and emotional damages, affecting social interactions, leading to deficits in both quality of life and mental health indicators. The present study aimed to evaluate a group analytical-behavioral intervention protocol, with training component in social skills, for university students (undergraduted and graduated ones) with indicators of social phobia. Two groups were realized with identical characteristics of implementation, but at different moments (Group A and Group B). Each group started its activities with six patients. The participants were 12 students in higher education formation, aged 18 to 30 years, who had symptoms of severe or very severe social anxiety, according to the standardized scores on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. The intervention protocol was composed of 8 sessions, organized in three modules: (1) Psychoeducation on Anxiety; (2) Relaxation Training and (3) Social Skills Training. Evaluations were implemented in individual meetings in three moments: initial, intermediate and final. In these evaluations, standardized instruments were applied, namely: 1) Liebowitz Social Phobia Scale; 2) Transversal Scale of Level 1 Symptoms for Adults; 3) Social Anxiety Severity Scale (APA); 4) Beck Anxiety Inventory; 5) Beck Depression Inventory; 6) Social Skills Inventory; and, (6) World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref). Evaluations were also performed at the beginning and end of three different sessions; and two follow-up evaluations occurred within 15 and 30 days following completion of the intervention. Five participants from each group completed scheduled intervention activities. No participants maintained a severe or very severe anxiety score at the end of the intervention, with a significant decrease observed between the initial and final evaluation [Friedman, χ2 (3) = 28,080, p <0, 000]. There was a significant reduction in anxiety scores [χ2 (3) t = 22.013, p <0.000] and depression [χ2 (2) t = 15.235, p <0.000]; and a representative increase in social skills indicators [Wilcoxon: z = -2.666, p <0.008] and quality of life [Friedman, χ2 (3) t = 9,742, p <0.021]. Analysis using the JT method showed evidence of reliable changes and clinical significance for most participants, in all dimensions assessed. The discussions addressed the implications of the group intervention protocol implemented for the construction of subsidies that makes it possible to identify the role of exposure procedures and social skills training in interventions for individuals with indicators of social phobia.
Representações do leitor infantil e juvenil em adaptações do clássico "Dom Quixote" para o público brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Oliveira, Jéssica de; Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0938791471933440
The production, publication, and reading of adaptations of literary classics for children and youth, which has expanded since the twentieth century, is a practice whose indication is assumed by educational and other institutions, despite diverse criticisms of the value of some texts. The objective of this study is to analyze such adaptations of the universal classic Don Quixote de la Mancha as published in Brazil from 1910 to the 2013, through a literature review, to reflect on their depictions of their readers. To this end, its corpus comprised 13 adaptations selected in light of the following criteria: broad circulation, two or more editions, well-respected adaptors, and distinguished publishers, with even distribution across the study period. The study’s examination of one of the earliest Brazilian adaptations, published by Livaria Garnier, purportedly in 1915, informed its perspective on how depictions of the “mad knight errant” changed over time. The study compares adaptations with its primary source, Sérgio Molina's two-volume, bilingual edition (2007, 2008) as well as one adaption to another, in accordance with the principles of French discourse analysis, the cultural history of reading, and studies on adaptation of classical literature, and thus identifies madness as the most prominent feature in descriptions of the protagonist. The adaptations also reflect the concerns, anxieties, and demands of educational institutions at the time they were published, reflecting three tendencies: moralism; humor, in relation to madness; and an appreciation of the diversity of genres, forms, and paratexts in depicting Don Quixote. Analysis of the visibility accorded the author of the original classic and its adaptors indicate the latter are gaining prominence and even assuming authorship as evidenced by book covers, with the original author most ofen noted within.
Sustaining lean thinking in healthcare: case studies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Henrique, Daniel Barberato; Godinho Filho, Moacir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9069896528184461
Many hospitals have achieved high levels of lean performance only to lose it later on. These hospitals, which often achieved excellent results, neglected some specific aspects of sustaining lean improvements in their environments, and failed to maintain what was implemented. This research develops a theoretical understanding of how organizations can sustain lean in healthcare. Through the analysis of the literature, it was possible to compile 22 main critical success factors of lean sustainability in hospitals through three main pillars: people, method and tools. A comparative case study provides evidence to confirm these 22 theoretical propositions, and also to add other 5 new propositions to the framework. The proposed framework allows hospitals to conduct a structured process of change, with all the foundation needed to succeed and sustain the lean journey in the long-term. It differs from previous studies by integrating literature streams that have been previously disconnected and by specifying the components of lean healthcare sustainability. These new insights are revealed by studying hospitals after minimum 18 months of lean implementation and comparing the ones that have achieved a high level of lean sustainability with those that do not. To the best of our knowledge, this dissertation is the first to attempt to bring together the key factors that influence hospitals to sustain lean improvements in the long term. This research found evidence that external factors to the three pillars may also interfere to facilitate or difficult hospitals to achieve sustainability in their lean implementations. They are called “success variables moderators” and they are intrinsically linked to the organizational characteristics of each hospital. The variables “type of administration and financial objective” and “accreditation” have proved to influence the hospital to achieve success in its lean implementations in the long term. Another interesting conclusion that can be drawn is that although it is notorious knowledge, several points brought by the theoretical framework proved to be difficult to implement and the hospitals are failing to implement the basics.
Tikanga rikue: as íntimas ligações na tradução de Vidas Secas para língua indígena
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Ribeiro, João Paulo; Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5296702446756168
The objective of this work is to present a stage of experience in the translation of Vidas secas (RAMOS, [1938] 2015) to the Nheengatu, indigenous language spoken by the Baré, Baniwa and Werekena ethnicities in the Upper Rio Negro. On the interest of translation appeared visions. We name it by prophetic of translation to this experience with worlds. For this translator, the geography of thought will represent a technique of shifts on the meeting places of the worlds in the power of intimate-connections active. It is for a new place that we believe has passed by adopting relations between shamanism and translation.
Estudo da relação entre sucção, dilatância e resistência ao arrancamento de interfaces areia-geossintético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Rodriguez, Maria Gabriela Guevara; Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9734892742052859
The interface behavior between soil and geosynthetics plays a key role in reinforced soil structures. The soil-geosynthetic interface resistance, usually obtained by pullout or direct shear tests, is an essential parameter for design analysis, whose effect of particle shape and size, soil moisture content and normal stress are very important influential factors. In the case of sandy soils, there is a variation of volume during the mobilization of the friction; the dilatancy and the type of geosynthetics used as reinforcement are the factors that can influence the resistance behavior. Also, under high humidity conditions, soil suction and dilatation in sandy soils become interdependent parameters that may affect interface resistance. This study is based on pullout tests performed with two different types of geosynthetics, being a geogrid and a woven geotextile, which were embedded in a well graded compacted sand with a relative density of 90% under different humidity conditions. The interface dilatation and pullout strength of geosynthetics in sand were studied for the purpose of matrix suction changes during the friction mobilization. For this, a small scale equipment was used, with instrumentation that allowed to register the pulling force, internal displacements of the geosynthetics, displacement of the actuator, vertical displacements and also the suction. The sand was compacted with three different moisture contents: air dry, optimum moisture content of the Proctor Normal curve and saturated. The results showed that the dilatation developed in sand-geogrid interfaces is significant and often bigger than the soil itself. The fabric geotextiles showed, on the other hand, a compression effect on all developed interfaces. It was verified that the high interface dilatation of the sand in the compact state and optimal moisture during geogrid pullout resulted in a decrease in suction but an increase in interface resistance. On the other hand, for compacted sand in the dry state, but at the same relative density, the resistance showed to be lower in comparison with wet sand, showing that the associated effects of capillarity and dilatation are significant in the soil-geosynthetic interface resistance.
Associação de Trichoderma spp. e substâncias em altas diluições no desenvolvimento inicial de pimenta biquinho (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) França, Daniela Vieira Cardozo; Magri, Marcia Maria Rosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604; Rossi, Fabrício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621862166341833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0019238476847258
Agroecology is a science that supports family agriculture in a socioeconomic context, is based on the use of natural resources in a conscious way, promoting balance and developing the rural environment in a sustainable way. Therefore, there is a need for the application of techniques that make production systems viable. Among them, one has the use of microorganisms and high dilutions substances, being essential the understanding of their association. In this work we opted for the study of “biquinho” pepper, which is a short-cycle plant adapted to the tropical climate, with good acceptance by consumers due to the absence of pungency and high added value, making this crop very important for agriculture Brazilian family. The Trichoderma spp. promote the growth of plants, as they are able to produce phytohormones. They have the potential to solubilize phosphates and to act in the biological control of pathogens. The use of high dilutions substances aims to promote equilibrium in the production system and assist in the development of plants. This work was divided in two stages: in the first, the isolated effect of the high dilutions substances was evaluated in the in vitro development of Trichoderma spp. and the germination of the seeds of “biquinho” pepper; in the second stage, the association of Trichoderma spp. and high dilution substances in the initial development of the “biquinho” pepper was studied. The Trichoderma isolates studied were: Trichoderma harzianum - ESALQ 1306, Trichoderma atroviride - GEBio - F (FZEA) and Trichoderma asperellum - GEBio - R (FZEA). The high dilution vi substances (30CH - 10-60) were: Kali iodatum, Kali sulphuricum, Natrum phoshoricum, Antimonium tartaricum, Silicea terra, Arsenicum album, Arnica montana and Pulsatilla nigricans. The results of the first one showed that there was a differentiated effect of the high dilutions substances in relation to the Trichoderma isolates: T. atroviride and T. asperellum were positively influenced by Antimonium tartaricum and Silicea terra, and Kali iodatum and Pulsatilla nigricans, respectively. Pulsatilla nigricans and Antimonium tartaricum favored the germination of “biquinho” pepper seeds. The results of the second stage showed that there was interaction between high dilutions substances (30CH) and Trichoderma spp. for the bioreactors of the shoot and the root system, negatively interfering in its initial development.
Macroecologia Microbiana: dispersão bacteriana em lagos rasos distribuídos pelo estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-01) Barros, Erick Mateus; Caliman, Adriano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147444251852878; Sarmento, Hugo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515469289999439; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7518284245631165
Studies in microbial ecology have had rapid advances in the last decades, in part due to the influence of technological innovations that allowed us to perceive a much greater microbial diversity than was previously found. There are increasing evidences that ecological patterns previously attributed only to macro-organisms can also be observed in microorganisms, a fact that brings the study of microorganisms closer to the application of theories and models already consecrated in classical ecology. Still, the contribution of microorganisms to theoretical ecology is still in its infancy. The present dissertation aims to study the patterns of spatial distribution in prokaryotic organisms of dozens of small lakes inserted in a tropical region in a perimeter of more than 3000 km. This thesis is divided in four chapters, first focusing on the historical context of ecological studies related to spatial attributes of species distribution, which was the basis for the creation of new paradigms such as metapopulations and metacommunities, and discussed the advances of microbiological studies in convergence with these new paradigms and how molecular technologies have contributed to bring microbial ecology closer to general ecology. The second chapter aims to present in a more detailed view on the methods used, problems faced and their solutions, in order to facilitate future studies where the same techniques of extraction, sequencing and data processing (bioinformatics) need to be applied. In the third chapter two well-known extraction methods were tested to evaluate their influence in indices commonly used in ecological studies. The last chapter demonstrates the presence of a bimodal distribution of occupancy-frequency distribution through the analysis of 60 shallow lakes near springs distributed in a large-scale matrix covering the entire state of São Paulo, a pattern already widely demonstrated for macro-organisms, but not yet tested in freshwater bacteria. In addition, the most abundant bacterial groups among the 'core' organisms and the most diverse among the 'satellite' and their potential relevance for the communities in which they were inserted were evaluated. This study is a contribution of microbial ecology to general ecology, aiming at a full understanding of the processes that drive the composition of microbial communities in a given environment.