Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2018-03-23"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 13208

Vidros fosfatos com tungstênio: incorporação de cátions alcalinos e sua influência nas propriedades estruturais e condutoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Munhoz, João Fernando Villarrubia Lopes
;
Nalin, Marcelo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3349586880746735
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6368056523452713
Many glasses have been studied as solid electrolytes in behalf of replacing commercial liquid electrolytes. However, even for the best glass compositions available in the literature, values of conductivity similar to those presented by liquids are far beyond to be achieved. This work intends to show how changes in the structure, by means of composition, can help to increase the conductivity in oxide glasses. Samples with composition x WO3 - 0.30 (NaPO3)n - (0.70-x) NaF, with 0,30 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0,60;, were produced by melting quenching methodology. Substitution of tungsten for sodium fluoride generates a linear decrease of glass transition temperature while the stability remains high enough up to 𝑾 = 𝟒𝟎 %𝒎𝒐𝒍 and decreasing for higher WO3 content. Raman and 31P and 19F 1D MAS-NMR spectroscopies data shows that the less NaF leads to a depolymerization of main phosphate chains, due to formation of 𝑷 − 𝑶 − 𝑾 bonds. In addition, fluorine atoms prefer to bind in the 𝑷 − 𝑭 form, with low tungsten content, or in 𝑾 − 𝑭, with high proportion All samples showed same calculated values of Ea for ionic conductivity and drop of σ0. For higher fluoride proportion, it was observed a rise in the conductivity of around one order of magnitude. However, UV-Vis absorption curves demonstrate more presence of W5+ species in samples with 𝑾 ≥ 𝟓𝟎 %𝒎𝒐𝒍. This leads to a mixed conductivity of these materials. In order to obtain maximum ionic conductivity, NaF and (NaPO3)n were replaced by Li2O and (LiPO3)n respectively. Samples with composition x WO3 – 0.40 (LiPO3)n – (0.60-x) Li2O, with 0.30 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.50; 0.40 WO3 – y (LiPO3)n – (0.60- y) Li2O, with 0.30 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 0.50 and z WO3 – (0.80-z) (LiPO3)n – 0.20 Li2O, with 0.30 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 0.50; were also produced using the melting quenching methodology. The three series of samples presented linear increase of Tg with their respective substitutions, besides having good thermal stability (> 100 °𝐶). Raman and 31P 1D MAS-NMR spectroscopies data exhibited the influence of WO3 content on the depolymerization of phosphate chains, as well as the formation of WO6 unit clusters, when much tungsten is present. Although UV-Vis absorption spectra indicate mixed conductivities in some samples, calculated values of ionic conductivity show that the most conductive sample without presence of reduced species reached 6.3 10−4Ω−1𝑐𝑚−1, comparable to conductive crystalline samples.
Secagem de cevada: análise da anatomia e do meio de transporte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Felizardo, Marcos Paulo
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2619821530278648
Despite the recent motivations for application in the food industry, the characterization of polished barley grains is still scarce in the literature. In this way, the objective of this work was the experimental analysis of the effects of the plant anatomy and the transport medium on the drying process of the barley grains. The polishing experiments of the barley grains were carried out in rotary drum coated with sandpaper. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the extensive physical characteristics of barley grains at different polishing levels and ground barley grains and their parts, as well as the characterization of the physical properties of the porous media formed for these materials. For these materials, the transport properties were measured, such as: effective thermal conductivity in stagnant medium, permeability, minimum fluidization velocity and effective mass diffusivity. Finally, the transfer of heat and mass to polished grains (without external tissues) and whole grains were evaluated by means of experimental measurements. In addition, the drying media were compared with isolated submerged particle, fluidized bed, fixed bed with interstitial flow (perpendicular) and fixed bed with tangential flow. It was verified that in different levels of polishing the variations were more significant in the thickness of the grains in relation to the other dimensions, besides this in the specific masses of the porous media were identified variations and these were correlated with the variations of the grains due to the polishing. The rotary drum polishing process allowed the removal of external tissues, where for 5 days of polishing the effects of these tissues on the properties of the polished grains were not observed. For this time was removed (24.2 ± 3.6)% of surface mass. The discussion of heat transfer and mass was carried out through the characterization of the grains and drying media. The external tissues were shown to be a barrier to heat transfer and mass, besides being a superficial mechanical resistance in the barley grains.
A Formação do nutricionista para atuação na Atenção Básica na perspectiva de docentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Zeminian, Larissa Baungartner
;
Sampaio, Sueli Fatima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9316739090285622
This qualitative study aims to analyze the nutritionist training in order to work in Primary Health Care from the perspective of lecturers of Higher Public Education Institutions (HPEI) in the southeast of Brazil, through the application of questionnaires containing questions about the participants’ characterization and the students’ training to work in Primary Health Care. The 21 lecturers of 13 HPEI who participated in the study, pointed out the theoretical references used and issues addressed in the teaching of Nutrition, as well as the strategies used in theoretical and practical approaches and traineeships. The results were organized in the following categories: Nutritionist Training in Primary Health Care: theoretical framework, Nutritionist Training in Primary Health Care: from issues addressed to in practice, The training from both theoretical and practical approaches, being discussed in the light of Collective Health, Single Health System of Brazil (SUS – Sistema Único de Saúde), the nutritionist training, the nutritionists’ responsabilities in Collective Health and with the support of the researcher’s own experiences. It is concluded that the theoretical frameworks related to Primary Health Care are strongly approached by the lecturers in their subjects, including those of intersectoral and educational approach, which broadens and qualifies the training; the Primary Health Care consists of a very powerful playing field for having great solving, being an important place of health upgrading and providing a fulfilling job to the professional in the activities with the population, however, its physical structure, professional motivation and resources for nutritional assessment need to be revisited. It is also concluded that public polices of health and nutrition favor the training of the nutritionist to work in Primary Health Care, requiring a more consistent relation, aiming effectiveness in health actions.
Biocompósitos de liberação controlada/lenta de fertilizantes: avaliação em solo pela técnica Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Medina, Ângela Fracon
;
Souza, Claudinei Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4858219292242433
;
Faez, Roselena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0654750186618555
The use of fertilizer in agriculture is a widely used practice in the agricultural scenery. Over the years, the need to rise productivity in the growing areas will be inevitable in the face of population growth, reflecting the increased use of fertilizers and water. In this scenario, new technologies have emerged as a way of optimizing the amount of fertilizers used. One of the alternatives is the use of materials that release the nutrient in a controlled or slowly way, denominated fertireleasers. In this work, fertilizer materials based on a natural and biodegradable polymer, chitosan, were evaluated for their efficiency in the release of fertilizers in water and soil. The chitosan was used both with KNO3 fertilizer and montmorillonite clay, producing microspheres, microcapsules and macrospheres. The materials were inserted in the soil and the release of ions was analyzed by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique. The measurements were made from probes inserted in containers containing sandy soil, with and without field capacity monitoring, getting results of humidity and electrical conductivity. The microcapsules present a slower release behavior in both water and soil, attributed to core-shell encapsulation. In spite of the rapid release in water (2h) the materials (QF2F, QAF2F, QRF2F, QRAF2F, QF3F, QAF3F, QRF3F e QRAF3F) presented continuous release in soil during the period of analysis (~100 days). Additionally, the release is dependent on water and since some materials retained water (QF3F, QAF3F), similar to hydrogels behavior. We concluded that the microspheres, microcapsules and macrospheres have different release in water and soil and this is characteristic of the composition of each material. It is worth noting that TDR, besides determining the ionic mobility in the soil, also allowed to evaluate other characteristics of the material such as the dependence of the release with the water, the hydrogel behavior, and the degradation of the material as a function of the lifespan.
Friction surfacing of aluminum alloy 5083-H112 over AA 2024-T3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Silvério, Samuel Hernandes
;
Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6403909108828767
Friction surfacing (FS) is an advanced solid-state process in surface modification with increasing applications in reclaiming worn parts, hardfacing and corrosion protection. It is considered a derivation of the friction stir welding process, keeping many benefits of the primary process such as: solid phase, forged microstructure and excellent metallurgical bond. As no melting takes place, the process allows dissimilar joining of materials while avoiding several fusion related problems. The present study addresses the deposition of AA5083-H112 coatings over AA2024-T3 substrates, focusing on the influence of the thermo-mechanical process in the mechanical properties and geometry of the deposits. A performance and geometric analysis of the depositions are also presented. Sound aluminum coatings were produced; plastic deformation and heat generation promotes a dynamic recrystallization of the anisotropic consumable rod, resulting in a fine and homogeneous deposit, free of any previous deformation. The coating presented an increase in ultimate tensile strength and failure deformation of 9% and 6%, respectively. Deposition efficiency between 25 and 50% were obtained, with a maximum of 48% average efficiency observed with 800RPM, 12kN and 16mm/s.
O Pensamento Lean na gestão de processos de mobilidade acadêmica nacional em uma instituição de ensino superior pública: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Petrilli, Fernando Moura Fabbri
;
Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4424203999560942
In the Brazilian Universities, one of the great possibilities of complementary formation with strong academic, cultural and social enrichment for students, teachers and technical-administrative is the participation in programs of academic mobility. In order for academic mobility to take place, a series of actions are necessary to ensure the success of its proposal, from the dissemination of opportunities to the return of the exchange student to his home institution. "Lean Thinking", has its origins in the automotive industry and has promoted a revolution in industrial management models by directing its actions to the customer's interests, through continuous process improvements, elimination of waste and focus on total quality. As a result, the successes achieved by this management method have been adapted to improve processes in other sectors, such as administrative services, including those related to public administration, and the Lean Office has emerged. In this context, the present work aims to present a case study about the management of processes directed to Academic Mobility in a Federal Institution of Higher Education by the methodology of mapping SIPOC processes. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of operational waste points in the actions carried out and present suggestions for improvements in the processes so that the activities are more objective and agile to all involved
Efeitos do exercício prolongado sobre a contratilidade cardíaca de uma espécie de peixe migratória, Brycon amazonicus (Teleostei, Characidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Rissoli, Rafael Zanelli
;
Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5838813282371566
The present work described the effects of exercise-training (60 days) at different intensities 5 cm.s-1 (EL), 10 cm.s-1 (EM), 20 cm.s-1 (EMI) and 30 cm.s -1 (EI) on relative ventricular mass (RVM), in vitro ventricular contractility and proteins expression of excitation-contraction coupling proteins in the ventricular tissue of Brycon amazonicus, a very active fish species with migratory habits. The majority of exercise intensities did not alter the RVM, except for the EMI group where a reduction was observed in relation to its respective CT group. EL and EM groups presented more relevant increases on ventricular force generation, suggesting that the studied species show different adaptations in the capacity of contractile force generation (Fc) in the following the exercise intensity. It may be suggested that conditions imposed by the rigorous exercise protocols (EMI and EI groups) did not cause improvements in contractile performance. The present results indicate that all groups exhibited modulations of the E-C coupling components. The Ca2+ influx via NCX was important in all groups, and the relative role of RS varied considerably between groups. In EL group, the RS contribution was essential for the force generation under a wide range of estimation frequencies (0.2-1.8Hz) whereas in the RS and EM and EMI groups the RS action was only relevant at high frequencies (1.0-1.8Hz). In the EI group, the functional inhibition of RS did not cause reductions in Fc values in all analyzes frequencies, indicating that the LTCCs and the NCX took the lead during the force generation. In addition, the exercise protocols triggered different expression rates of the E-C coupling components. The EL group presented higher NCX expression rates and lower SERCA2 rates but did not alter PLB expression. The EM group presented higher expression rates of NCX and PLB, and lower SERCA2 rates. Both EMI and EI exhibited elevations in the LTCCs, NCX and SERCA2 expression rates but did not alter the PLB expression. The data generated in the present work revealed that the ventricular E-C coupling of B. amazonicus presents great plasticity in response to the exercise, modulating the relative roles of its components in accordance with the intensity of the exercise training.
Investigação da força de relações em classes de equivalência sob emparelhamento com o modelo atrasado (DMTS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Ribeiro, Giovan Willian
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6950148178975664
Delayed matching to sample (DMTS) enhances the formation of equivalence classes and the transfer of functions between equivalent stimuli when compared to the simultaneous matching to sample (SMTS). A classes reorganization procedure permits to assess how much previous established relations are susceptible to modifications, therefore allowing to verify if DMTS training results in equivalent stimuli more strongly related to each other when compared to SMTS training. The present study explored this alternative. Experiment 1 aimed to evaluate the effects of conditional discrimination reversals, accomplished by DMTS or SMTS trainings, on the reorganization of equivalence classes established by a DMTS training. Undergraduate students were submitted to a DMTS procedure (2s) to learn AB, AC, and AD relations. After emergence of B1C1, B2C2, C1B1, C2B2, B1D1, B2D2, D1B1, D2B2, C1D1, C2D2, D1C1 and D2C2 relations, participants were divided into two groups for the remaining stages of the experiment: DMTS Group continued with DMTS (2s), while the SMTS Group was exposed to the SMTS. A reversal training modified AD relations (A1D2, A2D1) and classes reorganization tests verified whether the modifications altered the baseline equivalence relations. Out of 20 participants, 15 reorganized the classes. There were no significant differences between the groups. The high percentage of reorganization suggests that this process is independent of the presence or absence of the delay. The reversal of AD relations provoked a transient reversal of the other baseline relationships, affecting the classes as a whole. However, it is still unclear how DMTS favors class formation and function transfer, as observed in previous studies. It is possible that participants submitted to DMTS engage in precurrent behaviors during the sample-comparison delay, establishing a responses chain not planned by the scheduled contingencies. The objective of Experiment 2 was to verify if operant responses explicitly required during the DMTS interval (and verbal stimuli related to them) could become members of equivalence classes, which could be an additional source of stimulus control that partially accounts for the observed effects under this procedure. Undergraduate students performed a training of AB (A1B1, A2B2) and AC (A1C1, A2C2) relations with a DMTS (2s). At each AC training trial, a different mathematical task was presented during the DMTS delay and the participant was instructed to verbalize its result. When A1 was the sample stimulus the result of the task was always 12, and when A2 was the sample the result was always 9. Along with BC and CB trials, equivalence tests included trials in which printed numbers 12 (R1) and 9 (R2) were presented either as sample stimuli (RB, RC) or as comparison stimuli (BR, CR) in order to verify if responses emitted during the DMTS delay would be included in the classes. Additionally, relations between the words EVEN (P1) and ODD (P2) and the stimuli of sets B and C were tested. Performance of ten out of eleven participants showed formation of the equivalence classes A1B1C1R1P1 and A2B2C2R2P2. All participants attributed the stimuli P1 and P2 to the same classes as R1 and R2. These findings confirmed that precurrent responses may become members of equivalence classes and suggest that this is one of the possibilities to explain the effects of DMTS in other studies.
Síntese de precursores de heterociclos e sistemas cíclicos nitrogenados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-23)
Silva, Vitor Alcantara Fernandes da
;
Paixão, Márcio Weber
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7490678528488396
β-halovinyl ketones are valuable and versatile synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of precious bioactive molecules. Majority of the already described methodologies for the synthesis of these versatile building blocks have focused on transition-metal catalyzed reactions. However, these protocols show some key limitations, as the low stereo- and regiocontrol and the halogen nature (methods only applied to β-clorovinyl ketones). Considering their high synthetic potential, as well as the need of the development of new sustainable methodologies, this work’s main goal was the design and development of a protocol that allows the addition of halogens to ynones for a serene access to β- chlorovinyl ketones. Therefore, it was developed a highly efficient metal-free hydrohalogenation of ynones to obtain β-halo-α,β-insaturated carbonyl systems with high regio- and stereoslectivity and excellent yields.
Otimização do controle de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) por meio do parasitoide Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) visando a redução de custos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26)
Souza, Rubens Gamaliel Bergamo de
;
Colato, Alexandre
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5460973924624757
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8368995599074556
Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane. However, this agricultural crop is attacked by pests, especially Diatraea saccharalis. Its control in Brazil is carried out mainly by the action of the caterpillar parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes. Therefore, understanding how the interaction between these two species occurs is vital to increase the effectiveness of this control. This thesis’ goals are to improve the description of the dynamics among populations and to transform this information into a tool to optimize the biological control of this pest, focusing at the cost reduction for the farmer. In order to describe the dynamics of these two populations, the Lotka-Volterra model and a multi-agent simulation were employed. Through the first model, the characteristics of the differential equations system were obtained, and treatment suggestions to be field tested were presented, in case the pest population size is known. The multi-agent simulation, which by its construction presents more realistic characteristics compared to the Lotka-Volterra model, played a crucial role in the description of the pest in its life cycle phases, where behaviors not observed in the first model were obtained. Afterwards, biological control optimization was developed, taking into account the financial damage that the pest causes in a given period and the cost of its treatment. In order for this procedure to become a useful tool in the farms, an improved survey method has also been proposed. Finally, the results developed here present new solutions so that the biological control of this main sugarcane pest can be carried out more effectively, contributing to the reduction of the employment of chemical products and increasing the competitiveness of this Brazilian industry.
Interpoladores multilineares como metamodelos: integração à simulação de biorrefinarias no ambiente EMSO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26)
Lino, Anderson Rodrigo de Andrade
;
Furlan, Felipe Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873
;
Giordano, Roberto de Campos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
The use of equation oriented simulators presents several advantages, mainly the separation between the mathematical model and the algorithm responsible for its resolution. This allows an easy implementation of new models as well as their reuse for various applications (simulation, optimization, parameter estimation, etc.). However, this same characteristic makes it impossible to use specific algorithms to solve models with difficult convergence. While generic and robust algorithms are not developed yet, some strategies that essentially consist of replacing nonlinear models with linear approximations can be used. Among the options are multilinear interpolators, which use data obtained in off-line simulations to approximate the behavior of the rigorous model. This option has several advantages, such as low computational demand and controlled accuracy. Recently, the use of interpolators coupled to equation oriented simulators was the subject of an article submitted by the group of researchers from the Bioprocess Development and Automation Laboratory (LaDABio) of the Federal University of São Carlos (FURLAN et al., 2016). However, the creation of a method to facilitate the construction of surrogate models has not yet been explored. In this context, this study aims to develop a methodology for construction of surrogate models and automation of the method, besides the evaluation of look-up tables. For this work, the methodology was applied to the train of evaporators with two effects and to the combined heat and power (CHP) stage, both sectors of a sugarcane biorefinery producing first and second generation ethanol. In both cases, the proposed methodology was able to approximate the response of the rigorous models within the accuracy specified.
Suportes para estudantes com deficiência visual no ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26)
Silva, Daniele Sentevil da
;
Costa, Carolina Severino Lopes da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0303439637261272
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8791762250118997
Visual impairment is a sensory alteration that affects the capture of information from the environment, which can cause, from mild to severe damage in the development and learning of who owns it. In higher education there are specific and increasingly complex demands for undergraduates, and it is extremely important to identify the support and accessibility services to guarantee the access and permanence of students with visual impairment at this stage of schooling. Thus, the present study had as general objective to analyze the support services offered by the accessibility centers of the IFES to students with visual impairment in college and, as specific objectives, to describe the performance characteristics of the accessibility centers of IFES for the student with disabilities visual; and, verify if there is an online description of services offered to students with visual impairment in the websites of the Brazilian IFES accessibility centers and, if so, what kind of information is offered. Participated in the research 10 coordinators of accessibility centers of federal college institutions in different regions of the country. They responded to an online questionnaire via google drive containing questions that addressed the subject of the survey. Also analyzed were the information on the websites of each IFES about the online description of the services offered. The data were analyzed by grouping them into three sets of information: description of the IFES, the nucleus and the coordinator; description of the services in the coordinator's view and online description of the services. The data showed that of the 10 IFES analyzed in the present study, it can be said that in terms of providing more information to describe the support services and accessibility resources of the nuclei, the IFES coordinators 1 and 3 allowed us to have a vision than the core of the institution offer to students with disabilities (visual impairment), for presenting more complete answers to the questionnaire questions. The coordinators of the IFES 2, 4, 5, 8 and 10 presented less complete data but gave a picture of how these services work and the coordinators of the IFES 6 and 9 responded very succinctly to the questionnaire of these services, which greatly hampered access to the coordinator's vision or knowledge about the services offered by the nucleus. Future research could verify or create effective online approach options for research participants, in the case of the present research, either with core coordinators, visually impaired students, or other core members who are involved in providing these services to the students.
Sobre uma família de equações de evolução não lineares : existência, classificação e instabilidade de soluções ondas viajantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26)
Santos, Alisson Darós
;
Arruda Saraiva de Paiva, Lynnyngs Kelly
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1987217076305725
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6578656064045662
This thesis is concerned with the orbital instability for a specific class of periodic traveling wave solutions with the mean zero related to the modified Camassa-Holm equation. These solutions, called snoidal waves, are written in terms of the Jacobi elliptic function sn. To prove these results we use the abstract methods of Grillakis, Shatah and Strauss, and the Floquet theory for periodic eigenvalue problems. Moreover, we classify all traveling wave solutions of the modified Camassa-Holm equation in the weak sense via parametrization of their maxima, minima and wave velocity constants, using the qualitative method of Lenells. This equation is shown to admit in addition to more popular solutions like smooth traveling waves and peakons, some not so well-known traveling waves as, for example, kinks, cuspons, composite waves and stumpons.
Limites e potencialidades da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos em municípios de médio porte: o caso de Barreiras – BA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26)
Silva, Pollyana Ferreira da
;
Almeida Neto, Prudente Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4255612296660941
;
Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
The management of solid urban waste (MSUW) is a challenge for many brazilian municipalities. In this sense, the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) includes instruments such as selective collection, reverse logistics, the insertion of waste collector cooperatives and the sectoral agreements to be used in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) Municipal Plans as mechanisms management. The present work has the objective of evaluating the limits and the potentialities of the selective collection in the municipality of Barreiras - BA. In order to reach the proposed objective, an evaluation of the MSWM was made, with emphasis on aspects related to selective collection. In addition, the social actors relevant to MSUW were identified and the reading of the selected actors on the research topic was investigated using structured interviews. Concomitantly, data collection forms were applied in institutions linked to selective collection and reverse logistics to characterize them. At the same time, the direct observation was carried out to describe the details of the environments, contexts and facts of the selective collection. The analysis of the limits and potentialities of the selective collection was made from the synthesis of the obtained results, using as tool the SWOT matrix. We obtain a scenario matrix that indicates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats studied. The guidelines were elaborated in the possession of all the results, from the exercise of critical reflection of the researchers. Thus, it was verified that MSWM/2014 is a plan adequate to the aspirations of a selective collection system, but it is necessary to review its fragilities related to the prioritization of public policies for recyclable waste pickers, reduction of MSW and the definition of municipal public power attributions in the selective collection and reverse logistics. The selective collection takes place in different environments, in the streets through autonomous pickers, in the city dump, in the cooperative and association of collectors. This activity in the city recovers 450 t./month of waste (which corresponds to the annual per capita mass of 34 Kg/hab./year) and generates an income of 500 thousand reais. However, two limiting factors for collection are the precariousness of the institutions and the informal work of autonomous scavengers. Regarding Reverse Logistics - RL, 73% of the consulted companies do not practice it and have shown a lot of ignorance about the subject, which makes LR very incipient. However, there are 4 ENPs and 9 technical assists that maintain this service for the post consumer products. This scenario can be better evaluated in the SWOT matrix, where it was concluded that the main limitations are the lack of political initiative, recycling industries and the logistical difficulty of selling recyclables. And the most latent potentialities are the regionalization of the recyclable trade and the possibility of expanding the selective collection in the municipality (53%). This environment of analysis has indicated that there are more weaknesses than strengths and more opportunities than threats. Thus, favorable internal and external environmental conditions exist for the city to include selective collection as a practice of MSW management.
Inclusão escolar: análise de consensos e dissensos entre pesquisadores brasileiros da educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26)
Tinôco, Saimonton
;
Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720030995982568
It is a consensus among Brazilian researchers in Special Education that the world movement for School Inclusion is a political, cultural, social and pedagogical action, triggered in defense of the right of all students to be together, participating and learning without any kind of negative discrimination. However, the way to operationalize such an understanding is sometimes dubious and, why not to say, contradictory: there is one side that advocates the placement of all students in the common classroom and the total elimination of the model based on a continuum of specialized support services ; the other, considers that the best place would always be the common classroom, although it admits the possibility of support services or even different environments (resource rooms, special classrooms or special schools). Thus, we raise the thesis that there are different understandings about School Inclusion, which imply different educational policies and practices. For this reason, we come to the following research questions: What are the understandings of Brazilian academic scholars in Special Education about School Inclusion? Where do such understandings draw near? And where do they distance themselves? Thus, the present research had as general objective to analyze the understandings of Brazilian academic scholars of Special Education about School Inclusion and as a methodological basis the Collaborative Research. In order to enable data production, we organized a reflexive cycle composed of three collaborative stages (preparation, intervention and systematization), permeated by three reflexive movements (description, information and confrontation), when we used, respectively, the following strategies: virtual poll, virtual focus groups and face-to-face work groups, with the participation of 71 Special Education researchers from the five geographic regions of Brazil. In order to help us in the problematization, we resort to the Sociogenesis of Knowledge, developed by Fleck, which presents us with the concepts of Thought Collective and Thought Style, central elements for the discussion and analysis that we propose. We worked with hybrid data, which generated a mixed analysis, based on simple statistical treatment of the virtual poll and in categorization of the transcripts of the audios of the focus groups, aiming at the reconstruction of reality and the derivation of consensuses and dissents referring to the understanding of School Inclusion. Finally, the data were organized in three empirical categories (attendance, pupil and evaluation), which resulted in the identification of positions (opinion systems) and the raising of arguments (proto-ideas) that compose understandings related to School Inclusion as a scientific fact. The finds pointed out that the Special Education Thought Collective participating in this research has not yet built a Thought Style that expresses univocally the positions regarding the principle of School Inclusion, once the answers have been constructed from the constraints (limits and possibilities) of each context. This demonstrates the need to deepen the debate, to better define the arguments raised and to construct an inclusive educational theory that serves as a reference framework to discuss the results obtained in the Area researches, which it will generates an influential contribution to the design of public policies to beyond the polarity between Full Inclusion and Partial Inclusion.
Síntese e caracterização de vanadato de prata decorado com hidroxiapatita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26)
Silva, Jussara Soares da
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2586454534909121
The continued need for improved technological devices makes the development of advanced nanostructured materials urgently. Hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is a biocompatible material well known for its optical properties that makes HA nanoparticles ideal for bioimaging procedures and for light emitting diodes (LEDs). On the other hand, silver vanadate [AV, AgVO3] has interesting bactericidal, photocatalytic and optical properties. The association of HA and AV may result in a superior material with combined properties, or even enhanced by synergistic effects. The objective of this study was the preparation of silver vanadate powders in the alpha phase decorated with hydroxyapatite (AV:HA) with different molar ratios by the chemical precipitation method in aqueous solution. The AV:HA samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and RAMAN spectroscopies. They were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscopy transmission (TEM). Structural characterization by XRD confirmed the presence of single HA and AV phases in all samples. All typical modes of both materials were observed by vibrational spectroscopies. It was possible to observe the formation of materials composed of AV microrods and HA nanorods, through the morphological analyzes from the microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis absorption measurements provided the Egap values of the decorated samples that were assimilated to that of the pure vanadate. The photoluminescence (FL) properties at room temperature were evaluated by the study of their emission spectra. Broad band emissions were obtained within the region of visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum (regions corresponding to blue and red color) obtaining even white light emission, according to the different AV: HA molar ratios. These results demonstrate the possibility of adjustable emission colors in the AV: HA system, making it interesting for future applications in optical devices with different FL emissions.
Tratamento e desinfecção por radiação UV de efluente doméstico para uso agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26)
Oliveira, Andressa de Almeida Soares
;
Bastos, Reinaldo Gaspar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329363278429665
;
Souza, Claudinei Fonseca
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4858219292242433
In the face of the water crisis, aggravated by climate change, population growth and increased demand for food, effluents reuse have been presented as an alternative to irrigate agricultural areas. However, it is common the presence of pathogens in wastewater, and disinfection step becomes fundamental to adequate the effluent to the reuse, with emphasis on the application of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Therefore, the research sought to evaluate the agricultural and sanitary viability of the domestic effluent treated in the pilot sewage treatment station composed by septic tank, wetlands and Ultraviolet radiation system (UV), through physical-chemical and microbiological monitoring. The Pilot Sewage Treatment Station is installed in the Center of Agricultural Sciences, UFSCar, Araras city, SP, and receives 2000 L of sewage daily. The research included the biweekly and monthly monitoring of the following parameters: pH, turbidity, conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), sodium (Na), Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), magnesium (Mg), total organic carbon (TOC), total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). After data collection, the removal efficiency of each index was evaluated, based on the input and output of each treatment unit. The results showed removal efficiency for K (68.2 %), TN (54.1 %) and TP (36.1 %), for Na (26.7 %) and Ca (22.9 %), the effluent presented these salts, however, RAS did not present any risks regarding soil sodification by irrigation water. Microbiological parameters showed a reduction of 4 to 5 log cycles for total coliforms and E. coli. The results indicated that the effluent treated pilot station presents agricultural viability and, in terms of microbiological aspects, is in compliance with the relevant legislation, presenting no health risks to farmers and final consumers.
Isolamento, caracterização e potencial biotecnológico de fungos endofíticos associados à plantas do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-27)
Torres, Flavia Luana
;
Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
;
Lacava, Paulo Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750
Endophytic microorganisms are fungi or bacteria that colonize the interior of plant tissues without causing damage to the host plant. Endophytic fungi have interested the scientific community due to the production of secondary metabolites for application in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. The present study aimed to isolate, purify, genotypically identify and evaluate the antagonistic activity, the biotechnological potential for phosphate solubilization and the enzyme production of 66 endophytic fungi from leaves and branches isolated from S. adstringens and S. lycocarpum St. Hill. For this, healthy leaves and stems of S. astringens and S. lycocarpum were collected and submitted to superficial asepsis. After the incubation of the botanical material, it was proceeded the isolation and molecular identification of the endophytic fungi. The endophytic isolates were evaluated in vitro for the antagonistic potential against phytopathogens Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium oxysporum and Lasiodiplodia subglobosa, for the solubilization of inorganic phosphate and the production of enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pectinase, protease, lipase and esterase). The results showed that the fungal endophytic community associated with S. adstringens is composed of: Diaporthe sp., Neopestalotiopsis sp., Nigrospora sp., Paraconiothrium sp., Phomopsis sp., Pseudofusicoccum sp., Schizophyllum sp. and Xenoacremonium sp. and the genera of the fungal community of S. lycocarpum St. Hill. is composed of: Colletotrichum sp., Curvalaria sp., Diaporthe sp., Neurospora sp., Phlebiopsis sp., Phomopsis sp. and Schizophyllum sp. Endophytic fungi have shown to be promising against Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium oxysporum and Lasiodiplodia subglobosa, with high inhibition rates and most type A interactions, where there is a block of phytopathogen growth with mycelial contact of the endophytic fungus . In addition, endophytic fungi had the potential to solubilize inorganic phosphate with a mean phosphate solubilization index. As for enzyme production, the fungal isolates of both plant species showed higher pectinolytic activity with pectate lyase production and polygalactorosis. Based on the results, the study evidences the importance of endophytic fungi in the production of compounds of interest for biotechnology and for the conservation of Cerrado plant species, which harbor these promising microorganisms.
Modelagem fenomenológica da síntese enzimática de biodiesel etanólico utilizando lipase solúvel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-27)
Villegas Aguilar, María Carlota
;
Giordano, Roberto de Campos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
;
Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
The kinetics study of the synthesis of ethyl biodiesel allows a deeper understanding of the enzymatic process, providing an important tool for process design, optimization and control. Most of the models proposed in the literature for enzymatic biodiesel production use methanol and immobilized lipases. Moreover, depending on the source of the lipase and the reaction medium, the reaction may have a distinct mechanism. In this work we study the biodiesel production by transesterification of refined soybean oil and bioethanol using the soluble lipase NS-40116, a liquid formulation of a genetic modified lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus. The aim of this research is to develop a phenomenological model capable of describing the catalytic behavior of that lipase formulation in this heterogeneous medium. Batch assays were carried out in a bench jacketed glass reactor where several process variables were varied: agitation speed (800-1200 rpm), enzyme concentration (0.5-2.0%w/woil) and alcohol content (1.5-2.0 equivalent). All assays were carried out at 35°C with 10%w/woil of water. In addition, the relationship between the agitation speed and the volumetric flow rate of the substrates with the oil-water-alcohol emulsion interface was determined. The soluble lipase NS-40116 was characterized: protein content 31.454 ± 0.002 mg protein/ml lipase, hydrolytic activity 48048 ± 653 LU/ml (1 LU: activity required to produce 1 μmol/min with standard conditions) and molecular weight 31 kDa. An ethyl biodiesel was obtained from refined soybean oil with a concentration of esters: 82.55 ± 7.17% (T = 35°C, 800 RPM, 10%w/woil water, 2.0%w/woil lipase and 2.0 eq. ethyl alcohol). The average interfacial area was evaluated by measuring droplet diameters distribution in pictures of the emulsion obtained in a microscope. Different agitation speeds and polar/nonpolar volume ratios were used. Results show that the average diameter of the droplets increases when the polar volume increases and decreases with the agitation speed. The kinetic parameters were determined for the mathematical model of the enzymatic synthesis of ethyl biodiesel using the soluble lipase NS-40116.
Uma avaliação dos padrões de caça do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-27)
Azevedo, Olivaldi Alves Borges
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4386126249824674
Hunting is not a reserved theme for modern times, but, nowadays, the concern about your effects in the manifold wildlife has propelled new researches and review of the ongoing. From a legal point of view, there are five modes that set hunting: hunt, pursuit, catch, kill and use. Are called hunting acts, because they are executed to the detriment of the wild animals in their habitats. This work evaluated the hunting acts in the period between the years 2006 to 2015, in the São Paulo State, reported in official documents dispatched by the paulista Environmental Military Police. Counts 1.913 police records or occurrences, that transgressor (hunters) were accountable administratively, had their equipment used in hunting seized, as well as the dead animals of illegal practice. The geoprocessing of the occurrences allows to be verified that in all regions of the State there was hunting. In the evaluated period, in 74.6% of the municipalities there are records of occurrences in detriment of the wild fauna; of the 645 municipalities, 481 mark at least one hunting act. Using wild specimens is the most frequent hunting, which is expressed in the use of a wild specimen (popularly recognized by flame) to attract another of the same species. The species belonging to the Order of the Passeriformes are the most hunted in the State, frequent in 52,38% (n = 1,002) of all police occurrences. Of the ten most hunted species, seven are of the order of the Passeriformes. When considered only the police records with frequency of birds (n = 1,002), three species are present in 45.3% (n = 866) of them, Sicalis flaveola (canário-da-terra), Sporophila caerulescens (coleirinho-papa-capim) and Saltator similis (trinca-ferro). The number of occurrences involving the Passeriformes leads to the conclusion that they are targets of domestic traffic (State), mainly of the mentioned species. Rodentia, Cingulata and Squamata are the other main objects orders of the acts of hunting, whose species are hunting. Police incidents involving hunting include 391, of which 303 are frequented by the three orders placed, that is, in 77.5% of hunting activities were present. The specie Hidrochoerus hydrochaeris (capybara) of the order Rodentia, is the champion of the hunting occurrences (n = 173). The most frequent representative of Cingulata is Dasypus novemcinctus (tatu-galinha) (n = 88) and, from Squamata Tupinambis Teguixin (teiú) (n = 30) is the most popular hunting animal by hunters. Game hunting was reasonably specialized. With a certain frequency, for its engendration were used equipment or special or typical instruments, revealing itself in a certain selective way. The evaluation of these and other patterns of the São Paulo hunting made it possible to study the motifs of the hunting acts, which are embodied in hunting modalities. The modalities evaluated were those of subsistence and necessity, amateur and recreational and control. In the State of São Paulo, it was patented mainly recreational hunting that carried out by the simple pleasure or delight of the hunter. This modality appears as an end in itself, developed to the shred of any rule. The hunter uses the equipment that suits him best and does so in the places and periods he has listed, without any limitations or restrictions. Although human consumption is the goal of hunting, the mode of subsistence hunting as a standard established in the State of São Paulo was not attested. These and other analyzes promoted the making of the Charter of the Paulista Hunt, product of this work.