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Otimização do controle de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) por meio do parasitoide Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) visando a redução de custos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26) Souza, Rubens Gamaliel Bergamo de; Colato, Alexandre; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5460973924624757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8368995599074556
Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane. However, this agricultural crop is attacked by pests, especially Diatraea saccharalis. Its control in Brazil is carried out mainly by the action of the caterpillar parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes. Therefore, understanding how the interaction between these two species occurs is vital to increase the effectiveness of this control. This thesis’ goals are to improve the description of the dynamics among populations and to transform this information into a tool to optimize the biological control of this pest, focusing at the cost reduction for the farmer. In order to describe the dynamics of these two populations, the Lotka-Volterra model and a multi-agent simulation were employed. Through the first model, the characteristics of the differential equations system were obtained, and treatment suggestions to be field tested were presented, in case the pest population size is known. The multi-agent simulation, which by its construction presents more realistic characteristics compared to the Lotka-Volterra model, played a crucial role in the description of the pest in its life cycle phases, where behaviors not observed in the first model were obtained. Afterwards, biological control optimization was developed, taking into account the financial damage that the pest causes in a given period and the cost of its treatment. In order for this procedure to become a useful tool in the farms, an improved survey method has also been proposed. Finally, the results developed here present new solutions so that the biological control of this main sugarcane pest can be carried out more effectively, contributing to the reduction of the employment of chemical products and increasing the competitiveness of this Brazilian industry.
Interpoladores multilineares como metamodelos: integração à simulação de biorrefinarias no ambiente EMSO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26) Lino, Anderson Rodrigo de Andrade; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7701101709441673
The use of equation oriented simulators presents several advantages, mainly the separation between the mathematical model and the algorithm responsible for its resolution. This allows an easy implementation of new models as well as their reuse for various applications (simulation, optimization, parameter estimation, etc.). However, this same characteristic makes it impossible to use specific algorithms to solve models with difficult convergence. While generic and robust algorithms are not developed yet, some strategies that essentially consist of replacing nonlinear models with linear approximations can be used. Among the options are multilinear interpolators, which use data obtained in off-line simulations to approximate the behavior of the rigorous model. This option has several advantages, such as low computational demand and controlled accuracy. Recently, the use of interpolators coupled to equation oriented simulators was the subject of an article submitted by the group of researchers from the Bioprocess Development and Automation Laboratory (LaDABio) of the Federal University of São Carlos (FURLAN et al., 2016). However, the creation of a method to facilitate the construction of surrogate models has not yet been explored. In this context, this study aims to develop a methodology for construction of surrogate models and automation of the method, besides the evaluation of look-up tables. For this work, the methodology was applied to the train of evaporators with two effects and to the combined heat and power (CHP) stage, both sectors of a sugarcane biorefinery producing first and second generation ethanol. In both cases, the proposed methodology was able to approximate the response of the rigorous models within the accuracy specified.
Suportes para estudantes com deficiência visual no ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26) Silva, Daniele Sentevil da; Costa, Carolina Severino Lopes da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0303439637261272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8791762250118997
Visual impairment is a sensory alteration that affects the capture of information from the environment, which can cause, from mild to severe damage in the development and learning of who owns it. In higher education there are specific and increasingly complex demands for undergraduates, and it is extremely important to identify the support and accessibility services to guarantee the access and permanence of students with visual impairment at this stage of schooling. Thus, the present study had as general objective to analyze the support services offered by the accessibility centers of the IFES to students with visual impairment in college and, as specific objectives, to describe the performance characteristics of the accessibility centers of IFES for the student with disabilities visual; and, verify if there is an online description of services offered to students with visual impairment in the websites of the Brazilian IFES accessibility centers and, if so, what kind of information is offered. Participated in the research 10 coordinators of accessibility centers of federal college institutions in different regions of the country. They responded to an online questionnaire via google drive containing questions that addressed the subject of the survey. Also analyzed were the information on the websites of each IFES about the online description of the services offered. The data were analyzed by grouping them into three sets of information: description of the IFES, the nucleus and the coordinator; description of the services in the coordinator's view and online description of the services. The data showed that of the 10 IFES analyzed in the present study, it can be said that in terms of providing more information to describe the support services and accessibility resources of the nuclei, the IFES coordinators 1 and 3 allowed us to have a vision than the core of the institution offer to students with disabilities (visual impairment), for presenting more complete answers to the questionnaire questions. The coordinators of the IFES 2, 4, 5, 8 and 10 presented less complete data but gave a picture of how these services work and the coordinators of the IFES 6 and 9 responded very succinctly to the questionnaire of these services, which greatly hampered access to the coordinator's vision or knowledge about the services offered by the nucleus. Future research could verify or create effective online approach options for research participants, in the case of the present research, either with core coordinators, visually impaired students, or other core members who are involved in providing these services to the students.
Sobre uma família de equações de evolução não lineares : existência, classificação e instabilidade de soluções ondas viajantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26) Santos, Alisson Darós; Arruda Saraiva de Paiva, Lynnyngs Kelly; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1987217076305725; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6578656064045662
This thesis is concerned with the orbital instability for a specific class of periodic traveling wave solutions with the mean zero related to the modified Camassa-Holm equation. These solutions, called snoidal waves, are written in terms of the Jacobi elliptic function sn. To prove these results we use the abstract methods of Grillakis, Shatah and Strauss, and the Floquet theory for periodic eigenvalue problems. Moreover, we classify all traveling wave solutions of the modified Camassa-Holm equation in the weak sense via parametrization of their maxima, minima and wave velocity constants, using the qualitative method of Lenells. This equation is shown to admit in addition to more popular solutions like smooth traveling waves and peakons, some not so well-known traveling waves as, for example, kinks, cuspons, composite waves and stumpons.
Limites e potencialidades da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos em municípios de médio porte: o caso de Barreiras – BA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26) Silva, Pollyana Ferreira da; Almeida Neto, Prudente Pereira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4255612296660941; Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0029476195552450
The management of solid urban waste (MSUW) is a challenge for many brazilian municipalities. In this sense, the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) includes instruments such as selective collection, reverse logistics, the insertion of waste collector cooperatives and the sectoral agreements to be used in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) Municipal Plans as mechanisms management. The present work has the objective of evaluating the limits and the potentialities of the selective collection in the municipality of Barreiras - BA. In order to reach the proposed objective, an evaluation of the MSWM was made, with emphasis on aspects related to selective collection. In addition, the social actors relevant to MSUW were identified and the reading of the selected actors on the research topic was investigated using structured interviews. Concomitantly, data collection forms were applied in institutions linked to selective collection and reverse logistics to characterize them. At the same time, the direct observation was carried out to describe the details of the environments, contexts and facts of the selective collection. The analysis of the limits and potentialities of the selective collection was made from the synthesis of the obtained results, using as tool the SWOT matrix. We obtain a scenario matrix that indicates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats studied. The guidelines were elaborated in the possession of all the results, from the exercise of critical reflection of the researchers. Thus, it was verified that MSWM/2014 is a plan adequate to the aspirations of a selective collection system, but it is necessary to review its fragilities related to the prioritization of public policies for recyclable waste pickers, reduction of MSW and the definition of municipal public power attributions in the selective collection and reverse logistics. The selective collection takes place in different environments, in the streets through autonomous pickers, in the city dump, in the cooperative and association of collectors. This activity in the city recovers 450 t./month of waste (which corresponds to the annual per capita mass of 34 Kg/hab./year) and generates an income of 500 thousand reais. However, two limiting factors for collection are the precariousness of the institutions and the informal work of autonomous scavengers. Regarding Reverse Logistics - RL, 73% of the consulted companies do not practice it and have shown a lot of ignorance about the subject, which makes LR very incipient. However, there are 4 ENPs and 9 technical assists that maintain this service for the post consumer products. This scenario can be better evaluated in the SWOT matrix, where it was concluded that the main limitations are the lack of political initiative, recycling industries and the logistical difficulty of selling recyclables. And the most latent potentialities are the regionalization of the recyclable trade and the possibility of expanding the selective collection in the municipality (53%). This environment of analysis has indicated that there are more weaknesses than strengths and more opportunities than threats. Thus, favorable internal and external environmental conditions exist for the city to include selective collection as a practice of MSW management.
Tratamento e desinfecção por radiação UV de efluente doméstico para uso agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26) Oliveira, Andressa de Almeida Soares; Bastos, Reinaldo Gaspar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329363278429665; Souza, Claudinei Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4858219292242433; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7382687564683063
In the face of the water crisis, aggravated by climate change, population growth and increased demand for food, effluents reuse have been presented as an alternative to irrigate agricultural areas. However, it is common the presence of pathogens in wastewater, and disinfection step becomes fundamental to adequate the effluent to the reuse, with emphasis on the application of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Therefore, the research sought to evaluate the agricultural and sanitary viability of the domestic effluent treated in the pilot sewage treatment station composed by septic tank, wetlands and Ultraviolet radiation system (UV), through physical-chemical and microbiological monitoring. The Pilot Sewage Treatment Station is installed in the Center of Agricultural Sciences, UFSCar, Araras city, SP, and receives 2000 L of sewage daily. The research included the biweekly and monthly monitoring of the following parameters: pH, turbidity, conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), sodium (Na), Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), magnesium (Mg), total organic carbon (TOC), total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). After data collection, the removal efficiency of each index was evaluated, based on the input and output of each treatment unit. The results showed removal efficiency for K (68.2 %), TN (54.1 %) and TP (36.1 %), for Na (26.7 %) and Ca (22.9 %), the effluent presented these salts, however, RAS did not present any risks regarding soil sodification by irrigation water. Microbiological parameters showed a reduction of 4 to 5 log cycles for total coliforms and E. coli. The results indicated that the effluent treated pilot station presents agricultural viability and, in terms of microbiological aspects, is in compliance with the relevant legislation, presenting no health risks to farmers and final consumers.
Inclusão escolar: análise de consensos e dissensos entre pesquisadores brasileiros da educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26) Tinôco, Saimonton; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720030995982568
It is a consensus among Brazilian researchers in Special Education that the world movement for School Inclusion is a political, cultural, social and pedagogical action, triggered in defense of the right of all students to be together, participating and learning without any kind of negative discrimination. However, the way to operationalize such an understanding is sometimes dubious and, why not to say, contradictory: there is one side that advocates the placement of all students in the common classroom and the total elimination of the model based on a continuum of specialized support services ; the other, considers that the best place would always be the common classroom, although it admits the possibility of support services or even different environments (resource rooms, special classrooms or special schools). Thus, we raise the thesis that there are different understandings about School Inclusion, which imply different educational policies and practices. For this reason, we come to the following research questions: What are the understandings of Brazilian academic scholars in Special Education about School Inclusion? Where do such understandings draw near? And where do they distance themselves? Thus, the present research had as general objective to analyze the understandings of Brazilian academic scholars of Special Education about School Inclusion and as a methodological basis the Collaborative Research. In order to enable data production, we organized a reflexive cycle composed of three collaborative stages (preparation, intervention and systematization), permeated by three reflexive movements (description, information and confrontation), when we used, respectively, the following strategies: virtual poll, virtual focus groups and face-to-face work groups, with the participation of 71 Special Education researchers from the five geographic regions of Brazil. In order to help us in the problematization, we resort to the Sociogenesis of Knowledge, developed by Fleck, which presents us with the concepts of Thought Collective and Thought Style, central elements for the discussion and analysis that we propose. We worked with hybrid data, which generated a mixed analysis, based on simple statistical treatment of the virtual poll and in categorization of the transcripts of the audios of the focus groups, aiming at the reconstruction of reality and the derivation of consensuses and dissents referring to the understanding of School Inclusion. Finally, the data were organized in three empirical categories (attendance, pupil and evaluation), which resulted in the identification of positions (opinion systems) and the raising of arguments (proto-ideas) that compose understandings related to School Inclusion as a scientific fact. The finds pointed out that the Special Education Thought Collective participating in this research has not yet built a Thought Style that expresses univocally the positions regarding the principle of School Inclusion, once the answers have been constructed from the constraints (limits and possibilities) of each context. This demonstrates the need to deepen the debate, to better define the arguments raised and to construct an inclusive educational theory that serves as a reference framework to discuss the results obtained in the Area researches, which it will generates an influential contribution to the design of public policies to beyond the polarity between Full Inclusion and Partial Inclusion.
Síntese e caracterização de vanadato de prata decorado com hidroxiapatita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-26) Silva, Jussara Soares da; Longo, Elson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2586454534909121
The continued need for improved technological devices makes the development of advanced nanostructured materials urgently. Hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is a biocompatible material well known for its optical properties that makes HA nanoparticles ideal for bioimaging procedures and for light emitting diodes (LEDs). On the other hand, silver vanadate [AV, AgVO3] has interesting bactericidal, photocatalytic and optical properties. The association of HA and AV may result in a superior material with combined properties, or even enhanced by synergistic effects. The objective of this study was the preparation of silver vanadate powders in the alpha phase decorated with hydroxyapatite (AV:HA) with different molar ratios by the chemical precipitation method in aqueous solution. The AV:HA samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and RAMAN spectroscopies. They were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscopy transmission (TEM). Structural characterization by XRD confirmed the presence of single HA and AV phases in all samples. All typical modes of both materials were observed by vibrational spectroscopies. It was possible to observe the formation of materials composed of AV microrods and HA nanorods, through the morphological analyzes from the microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis absorption measurements provided the Egap values of the decorated samples that were assimilated to that of the pure vanadate. The photoluminescence (FL) properties at room temperature were evaluated by the study of their emission spectra. Broad band emissions were obtained within the region of visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum (regions corresponding to blue and red color) obtaining even white light emission, according to the different AV: HA molar ratios. These results demonstrate the possibility of adjustable emission colors in the AV: HA system, making it interesting for future applications in optical devices with different FL emissions.