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Logística reversa de pneus inservíveis: modelo de otimização para decisões estratégicas e táticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-10)
Burgos Meneses, Jorge Michael
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Ferreira, Deisemara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0245267028273903
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Toso, Eli Angela Vitor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6663631731115739
The accumulation of waste tires is a problem of great concern worldwide, as these are non-biodegradable and low compressibility solid waste, which cause different damage to the environment and public health. In Brazil, there are laws that establish targets for the environmentally appropriate disposal of waste tires, and make tire producers and importers responsible for this activity. The tire reverse network in Brazil consists of disposal points, called ecopoints, intermediate centers, where take place tire sorting and grinding activities, and processing plants, where take place different recycling or value recovery activities. Currently, the tire producers and importers carry out the collection of waste tires, at the request of the ecopoints when they reach an established quantity. For collection planning are not considered critical information as: the ecopoints inventory capacity; the capacity and availability of intermediate centers and processing plants; and forecasts of the amount of waste tires. Reverse logistics of tires involves high transport costs, since the shape of the tires makes it difficult to compaction of the load and there is a great geographical dispersion of the ecopoints. In this sense, the opening of sorting and grinding centers can bring economic benefits by reducing transport costs and generating revenues from the sale of the steel removed from the crushed tires and the sale of reusable tires. In this research, a mathematical programming model is proposed to support the planning decisions of reverse tire logistics in Brazil, considering both strategic-level decisions (location and dimensioning of intermediate centers); and tactical-level decisions (vehicle fleet sizing, material flow between points, quantities of tires to be sorted, crushed, stocked, marketed on the secondary market and disposed in each period of time). For the computational experiments, 40 instances were considered based on real data from the State of São Paulo (Brazil). The results show that the proposed model adequately represents the reverse network and provides good solutions for the strategic and tactical decisions involved in network planning. Several heuristic methods have been developed as solution alternatives for cases where the exact methods are not efficient. The heuristics are able to find good quality solutions with low computational time. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed in order to show the impact of the variation of parameters such as the sale price of reusable tires in the secondary market, transportation costs and disposal costs.
A Operação Lava-Jato nas páginas de opinião da Folha de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-10)
Geraldini, Bernardo Fogli Serpa
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Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0037451689199303
The mass media are a central element of the contemporary political life, and newspapers, in Brazil, are important mainly because of their ability to set the agenda of other media. In this sense, Folha de S. Paulo has a leading role not only because of its leadership in printed circulation, but also because of its growing virtual audience. Since 2014, its agenda has come to include the coverage of “Operação Lava-Jato” (literally, Operation Car Wash), an investigation carried out by the Brazilian Federal Police in order to inquire into corruption schemes. The object of this research is the editorial section of the Folha de S. Paulo, and the objective is to understand how the operation was portrayed by the newspaper. Thus, due to the importance of this investigation in the Brazilian political scenario, we sought to understand how the Folha de S. Paulo characterized both the operation and the political actors involved in it. To this end, the newspapers’ editorials published throughout almost four years were analyzed. The main method used was framework analysis. In terms of frequency of mentions, the results show that the newspaper initially highlighted individuals associated with the Brazilian Workers’ Party that were involved in the scandals, a highlight that was lessened after the impeachment that took place in 2016. In terms of the frameworks, it was found that at first the operation was praised, after which it was seen as a force disturbant to the political system and from which arose abuse of authority. It was found that the “antipetismo” (bias against the Workers’ Party), already pointed out by other researches, was present under different configurations in the editorials. In addition, it was noted that the Folha de S. Paulo did not embrace the opportunity to hold a debate on the institutional conditions that favor transgressions of the kind investigated by the operation in question.
Fisiologia e Estética: elementos de uma antropologia em Diderot
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-12)
Alves Junior, José Carlos
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Nascimento, Luís Fernandes dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3654785629696808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2596821689900698
This study analyzes the relationships between physiology and aesthetics in some of Diderot's works, deeming itself certain elements of an anthropology. The proposal consists in investigating how these relationships are characterized by complex operations concerning the sensitive perceptions, in which the scopes of sciences and arts intertwine. In this perspective, the study sought to examine the way by which Diderot develops an aesthetics-philosophical thought relating the physical instance to the psychic, moreover, presenting a physiological conception of the sensations which emphasize the notions of harmony and internal order as operator elements amid the concept of fine-arts. In order to explain these psycho-physiological operations, Diderot reappraises the notions of nature, science, and art following an investigative approach made possible by the advances of the medical and natural sciences, somehow distancing himself from mechanistic assumptions of that time. For this purpose, Diderot elaborates some reflections from precise elements which are obtained in the field of the arts, although finds them in analogies, metaphors, hypotheses, and conjectures that are extracted from the scientific scope. Thus, those procedures evidence the complex phenomena that compose the cerebral activities, as well as indicating certain interactions between the nervous system and some specific organs. In such investigative paths, a tension is found between the psycho-physical constitution and life in society, consequently revealing a dramatic aspect of the human existence inscribed in the boundaries of the imaginary and the experience.
Indexicais descritivos: uma investigação semântico-pragmática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-13)
Dal Ava, Felipe Manca
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Basso, Renato Miguel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7742680273594369
In this dissertation, we will present a general introduction with some of the main ideas involving indexicals, and briefly touching the problem of their descriptive readings (descriptive indexicals). We will focus, in particular, on the general characteristics of Kaplanian theory (1989) and see some alternate theories (Hunter, Nunberg, Elbourne, etc.) that might add up and define how indexicals might behave. Soon after it, in the first chapter, we will present Kaplan's theory (1989) in its details, focusing mainly on the indexicals; specially on how Kaplanian functions (character and content) works, as well as scope and limitations of this kind of approach. In the second chapter, the longest of our work, we will highlight the main alternatives to Kaplanian theory, notably those that might consider descriptive readings of indexicals as viable. We will explore each one of those alternatives (Nunberg, Elbourne, Hunter, Kijania-Placek, Sæbø) and work with different examples and possible solutions to this linguistic problem. In the third and final chapter, we will take into account all theories presented and consider their advantages and disadvantages when dealing with descriptive indexicals.
O mentir pró-social em escolares: influências de idade, contexto social e consequências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-13)
Arruda, Daiane Araujo de
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Souza, Débora de Hollanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7956042101555316
Lying with the purpose of gaining social acceptance is called prosocial lying. It serves to avoid embarrassment, to preserve privacy and affective bonds or even to escape from an embarrassing situation. Recent studies on prosocial lying have shown that children's assessments of this behavior vary depending on the social environment in which the interaction occurs and on the consequences of lying. Following this direction, the goal of the present study was to investigate how 7-, 9- and 11-years-old children evaluate prosocial lying in two experiments. In both experiments, participants heard stories during which the protagonist would either tell a prosocial lie; tell the truth and hurt the feelings of one friend; slander; or praise a friend. After hearing each story, children were asked to rate how good or bad the character's behavior was. In Experiment 1, participants heard eight stories, four taking place in a public setting and four in a private setting, thus creating a possibility to analyze whether children take into account the environment or social context to assess the behavior of others. In Experiment 2, children also heard eight stories; in four of them, the choice of the character would bring an important consequence to the other person in the future, whereas in the other four stories, for the consequence would be provided in the present moment. Sixty-nine children aged 7, 9 and 11 participated in Experiment 1; in Experiment 2, 72 children from the same three age groups. Results from Experiment 1 show that older children, more specifically 11-year-olds, considered that a blunt truth is better when spoken in a private setting than in a public setting, but there was no effect of environment when they evaluated prosocial lying. In Experiment 2, 11-year-olds rated a blunt truth more positively than a prosocial lie, however, the consequence of the choice made did not affect their assessments. Nevertheless, 11-year-olds rated more negatively lying when the consequence came later than when the consequence immediately followed the interaction, suggesting that these children were thinking about the possibility of the listener having problems later. The present work makes an important contribution to research on prosocial lying and, more comprehensively, research on moral development and cultural effects, in particular, by providing new evidence on the role of contextual variables for moral evaluation of lies and truths in a sample of Brazilian children.
Espectroscopia Raman amplificada por superfície associada à cromatografia em camada delgada para análise de amostras alimentícias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-13)
Soares, Frederico Luis Felipe
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1064620847107189
Surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS) presents the advantages of conventional Raman spectroscopy with the possibility to detect compounds in low levels due to the enhancement on Raman intensity, generated by the molecule-nanoparticle system. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a fast and easy separation technique, that can be coupled to several analytical techniques in order to identify compounds. TLC-SERS is a relatively new technique, with only a few works published; however it presents the advantages of both techniques synergically. The use of nanoparticles adsorbed onto the TLC plate enables to obtain Raman spectra of the separated compounds even in low concentrations. Therefore, this work proposes the use of TLC-SERS in three different application of food interest: product authentication, food safety and stability studies. 1) In product authentication, it was analyzed Pilsner beer samples in order to obtain pattern recognition related to brand and brewery. Samples were prepared in TLC plates and sprayed with gold nanoparticle to promote SERS analysis regarding the elution line of the target analytes. The obtained results were compared by two chemometric methods of data decomposition and signal recovering: multivariate curve resolution (MCR) and independent component analysis (ICA). From the obtained chromatographic peaks was possible to perform fingerprint analysis and identify clustering pattern concerning sample brand and brewery location. 2) As food safety application, the aim was to develop and optimize an analytical methodology to quantify two veterinary drugs (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) in bovine milk. Central composite design was applied evaluating NaCl concentration and nanoparticles pre-concentration to optimize the analytical signal. The hyperspectral images obtained from TLC-SERS were processed using different chemometric methods. For trimethoprim, it was obtained recoveries of 82 – 112% in milk samples. Due to the high complexity of the samples, it was not possible to obtain reliable quantitative values for sulfamethoxazole. 3) For the stability study, it was kinetically assessed one red wine sample under different degradation conditions. For this, it was used a 2³ design of experiments varying pH, dissolved O2 and the presence of anti-oxidant agent. Samples were left in three stocking temperatures (4, 24 and 40 °C) and evaluated during 45 days. SERS chromatograms were analyzed using ICA, and from the chromatographic profile, it was possible to perform ANOVA-PCA where it was identified temperature and the presence of anti-oxidant agent as the most significant variables.
Valorización de los residuos de la industria cervecera para utilización como biosorbente.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-13)
Aldana, Carolina Estefania Duque
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Camargo, Luciana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
The high costs of removing heavy metals and their toxic compounds has in recent decades, led to the demand for new and more efficient methods that are not only able to be removed but also recycled and reused since many of these metals have important industrial applications. In this search for sustainability, research has been done about the use of agricultural waste as absorbent, these lignocellulosic materials were found to be effective adsorbents of metal ions, which, chemically modified in most cases, increase their adsorption capacity. The present work used the two main residues of the brewing industry as a biosorbent: the barley bagasse biomass in three different sizes C80, C200 and C250 μm, and the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, FUS05. The SEM/EDS and FTIR analysis showed the rough texture of the samples and the presences of hydroxyl groups, alcohols groups, some methyl aliphatic groups, and amino bands on the material, respectively. However, the FTIR analysis after adsorption did not show significant changes in the functional groups. The data of Cu removal using C250 and FUS05 particles were found the best fit for a pseudo-second order while using the C80 and C200 particles did not show a good fit in either of the two kinetic models used (pseudo-first and pseudo-second order). Regarding the equilibrium study, the data were found best fit both C80 and C200 particles to Freundlich model and the biomass of S. cerevisiae was better adjusted to the Langmuir model, thus ordering the material according to its level of efficiency was found: FUS05> C80> C200> C250. These results demonstrate the potential of this material as a biosorbent of Cu (II) ions in solution. Finally, in terms of the material's applicability, the C80 particle was used in an artificial effluent, getting a copper removal higher than 50% although the experimental data were not fitted to any kinetic model under study.
Com as próprias mãos: etnografia das artes marciais e da defesa pessoal no treinamento policial militar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-16)
Pires, Lucas Alexandre
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Leirner, Piero de Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883880276055777
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0986120603069769
This dissertation is based on an ethnographic study on the conversion of martial arts into techniques of hand-to-hand combat and self-defense, applied to military and police training. Martial arts appear in the field with military police subjects such as technologies and war artifacts whose immersion in their practices forge bodies and transform people through processes that directly affect how they understand and experience violence and the use of force. Thus, I report some experiences in martial training, outlining a general picture of its impact on the lives of its practitioners, using my body as an ethnographic tool. Later, I discuss the tense relationship between an anthropologist, who seeks to reveal unsuspected relationships between his subjects and military institutions, which camouflage information, hamper access to the barracks reality, and attempt to frame researcher and research in their own interests. I also perform an ethnohistorical exercise on the relationship between martial arts and military training of different armies around the world, highlighting both the sportification process of militarism and the conversion of sport into military tactics. Finally, I analyze some experiences with military police during instructions of the Personal Defense discipline and in a sporting championship internal to the corporation in order to elucidate the way my interlocutors think and use of martial techniques and their body in their craft. As a conclusion, I understand the martial arts and military training as reflections of the way our society experiences and lives violence, born of its affluence through state action.
Verificação do comportamento de ligações viga-pilar com continuidade de armadura negativa por meio de luvas rosqueadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-16)
Barros, Luciana Souza Paes de
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Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4397967351145440
Although an increasing demand on precast concrete structures exists, there is a lack of tools for the safe design of precast connections in many situations. This research focuses on the study of semi-rigid beam-column precast connections with continuity negative bars spliced by threaded couplers. Moment resistant connections using longitudinal reinforcement spliced by threaded couplers are common in Brazil but there are a few analytical models and experimental results describing such connections. The semi-rigid behavior of a beam-column connection is relative to its Moment-Rotation curve (M-θ). The secant rotational stiffness is associated to the point when the negative reinforcement starts yielding, which is related to the bond-slip between concrete and steel due to tension stresses in the cracked region. Two real scale cruciform tests are carried out in order to check the secant stiffness of beam-column connections Typology 3 and 4, as specified in ABNT NBR 9062:2017. The aim is to compare the experimental results with results obtained from analytical models presented in the aforementioned code. The behavior of negative threaded bars and the influence of the threaded couplers in the semi-rigidity of precast connections is discussed. The M-θ curves from both tests are presented and, considering the results of equivalent secant stiffness, it is proposed a calibration of the analytical parameters suggested in the Brazilian precast code. It can be noticed that the use of threaded couplers in beam-column connections satisfies design requirements of strength, stiffness and ductility, and that the Typology 4 of connection has a semi-rigid behavior. This research enables to observe that the tested typologies do not present a behavior of a discrete joint, so that the global, local and localized mechanisms interact with each other. For moment resistant connections subjected to negative flexure, its behavior is governed by the behavior of the negative continuity reinforcement, under small influence of the positive joint. Using analytical equations calibrated by test results, there are proper tools to the calculation of the negative secant stiffness and there is the possibility to manipulate equations and safely determine other parameters involved in the analysis and design of precast concrete structures.
Alterações do Código Florestal Brasileiro e implicações na conservação de áreas naturais de topos de morros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-16)
Ramos, Renata Inês
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0531209385557900
Ecosystem services provided by natural areas such, as hydrological and atmospheric regulation, erosion control, pollination and control of agricultural pests, are essential for both the present and future societies, as well as for the sustainability of production systems. Until the year 2012, Brazilian forestry legislation was conducted mainly by Law 4,771 1965, however this law was significantly modified as of the publication of Federal Law 12,651/2012. The change made in the Forest Code has caused profound modifications in two of the most important instruments established by the law: The Permanent Preservation Area – APP and the Legal Reserve – RL. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects generated by the new law with the amendments made in the APP top of hills, mountains and mountain ranges under the responsibility of the São Paulo State Environmental Licensing System in its first four years of application (May / 2012 - May / 2016) and its impact on the conservation of natural resources. For that purpose, the data of authorizations issued by the São Paulo environmental agency in the aforementioned period and in the previous quadrennium (May / 2008 - May / 2012) were compared. The method is based on the tabulation, analysis and critical verification of data from a total of 56 processes that resulted in the issuance of permits for the intervention in the top of hill, mountain and mountain range APP areas by the Sao Paulo environmental agency. In order to represent the data, the sampling units adopted were the Hydrographic Units of Water Resources Management of São Paulo - UGRHI, grouped into four Vocational Units as defined by Law 9,034/1994: agricultural, of conservation, industrialising and industrial. The significant reduction in the number of authorizations issued by CETESB between the two periods clearly indicates that with the substantial decrease in the occurrence of APPs in top of hills, mountains and mountain ranges, the demand for permits for interventions in this APP was also significantly reduced. In this context, it can be con luded that the amendment made by the new law has a potential negative impact on the conservation of natural resources due to the possibility of using and occupying these areas with activities such as agriculture, silviculture and residential, commercial and industrial land subdivision, among others, without any need for authorization, therefore without any control or restriction.
A agenda do Jornal Nacional: uma análise da cobertura de casos de corrupção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-17)
Gobbi, Laura Arantes
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Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8946157981833475
Television has a central position within the Brazilian communication system. In this way, it relates directly to the population so as to influence it in some way through its programming. The news programs end up being elevated like the main pieces in the formation of the opinion of the viewers, making important the analyzes regarding the construction of image. In a context where politics increasingly relies on journalistic coverage to express to voters certain thoughts, it is extremely important to understand how political facts are covered. Cases of corruption, such as "Mensalão" and “Operation Lava Jato”, have obtained and still obtain great media coverage reaching a large space within the agenda of the news programs. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyze the coverage of cases of corruption by Globo's Jornal Nacional. To achieve this objective, the JN programs of the last two electoral periods will be used: 2014 and 2016.
Manas: um estudo das mensagens sociais acerca das masculinidades gays no grupo de Facebook BIV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-18)
Melhado, Rodrigo Casaut
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Leite Júnior, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7213809536002011
This dissertation aimed to explore how men between the ages of 18 and 27 shared and told each other online about their masculinities in a Facebook group, observing the experience reports and the qualifications of gender, sexuality and desire contained in the publications of this group. The phenomenon of digital media is a process linked to the developments of networked societies and intensified since 1997 with the commercialization of the internet and, later, with the diffusion of smartphones that brought characteristics of mobile use, personal and constant of the media. In this sense, these online imaging communities promote traditional offline reconfigurations, and it is important to realize that online and offline continually exist in ways that feed back and determine. Therefore, my research problem was to understand how the social messages of the publications of these post-1985 young people, regarding their masculinities, displace or create ruptures in vocabularies and discourses to qualify gender, sexuality and desire in relation masculinities of male-manly. The results show that the population studied has a high level of education, are familiar with the Internet, and whose imaginaries trigger fantasies of metropolitan contexts of the Brazilian middle classes, although not all of them live in these cities. In addition, homosexuality appears less marked by shame or pathology, and the manas' masculinities are understood as a source of pride. Although the belief of this youthful culture in the idolatry of media figures was visible, BIV appears as an imagined online community that provides bonds of solidarity and emotional support to its inhabitants in a multi-centered way.
Gestão de desempenho na administração pública: um estudo multicaso em instituições federais de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-18)
Ribeiro, Eliane Silva
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Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9330438553830026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3514270403282146
This study sought to contribute to the human performance management debate in the public administration by evaluating the performance management systematics of five federal educa-tional institutions (considering nine study units). By confronting the theory, legal determina-tions and observed practice, it was possible to identify that the inefficiency of the performance management systematics results from a series of inconsistent actions in all stages of its im-plementation and include expertise lack, reproduction of performance management systems strange to culture and organizational strategy, inexistent of servant civil involvement, unpre-paredness of managers to conduct the management itself, inexistent of appraisal computeriza-tion which makes it difficult to analyze, systematize and provide information. Like this, the procedure is restricted to a pro forma reports, whose purpose is to justify the progress of the servant civil in the career. Based on the theoretical framework were proposed actions to broaden the tool's objectives; reduction of existing conflicts in the procedure conduction; im-proving processes and working conditions; continuous development of servant civil; achieve and preserve of an excellence standard in public services offer, in order to promote institu-tional and individual development by lining up the organization's strategic objectives with in-dividual objectives. This is a qualitative work and the research method consists of a Multi case Study. Data collection was done through documentary research and semi-structured in-terviews. The collected informations in the Multi case Study were analyzed from a dialogue with the theoretical framework, legal guidelines, institutional documents and the review of performance management practices with the use of content analysis.
Lourenço Mutarelli, a imagem e a palavra: concepções pós-autônomas sobre quadrinhos e literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-19)
Souza, Arthur Dias de
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Rocha, Rejane Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9663402992177603
Considering the absence of universalizing concepts capable of evaluating the transformations in the artistic field in the contemporary period, this research proposes ways of developing critical work through a theoretical and methodological framework that privileges the description of artistic productions to approximate the aesthetic fact (CANCLINI, 2016a). The general objective of this research is to decant from the problematizations of the comic book of Lourenço Mutarelli, entitled A caixa de areia: ou eu era dois em meu quintal (2006), a conception of artistic making that allows the development of an instrument of analysis for the novel by the same author, O natimorto: um musical silencioso (2009). Thus, it is intended to elaborate a methodology to present the process of constitution of Mutarelli's productions from his own artistic work, understanding how the process of problematic formalization of this artist is structured, a concept proposed by Flora Süssekind (2013) for the analysis of articulation of verbal and nonverbal elements in the composition of the literary text. From what critics identify as a supposed plastic record (SÜSSEKIND, 2013) present in the novel O natimorto, I establish research paths to think about the problematizations of limits and boundaries that destabilize the autonomy of the artistic field and the separation of the different arts. To do so, I base myself on Jacques Rancière's (2005) conception of distribution of the sensible, in order to investigate the relations between word and image within what the philosopher understands as the regimes of identification of the arts. In the contemporary period, the aesthetic regime of the arts is in operation, responsible for a disarray of the relations between word and image, between literature and other arts. In this sense, Florencia Garramuño's notion of a literature understood as an expanded literary and critical field, in which different formats and medias are intertwined, helps this research on how the literary can be configured in the contemporary Brazilian scenario.
Perovskitas do tipo LaNixCo1-xO3 suportadas em SBA-15 como precursores de catalisadores Ni-Co aplicados à reforma a vapor do etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-19)
Costa, Isa Carolina Silva
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3775913827316927
The production of hydrogen from the steam reforming process of ethanol stands out as a process for the diversification of the world energy matrix, which aims to reduce environmental impacts and ensure energy security. Among the catalysts already evaluated for this process, those based on metals such as Ni and Co are active for the reaction, but can be deactivated by the formation of carbon on the surface and sintering of the metal particles. Among the strategies to increase the performance and stability of these catalysts, the synthesis from perovskite precursors (ABO3) makes it possible to obtain metals (B) highly dispersed in oxides (AOx). However, the compounds obtained from these structures have low surface area, which decreases the active surface of the material. To study the effects of the nature and composition of the catalysts and the increase of the specific area, Ni, Co and Ni-Co catalysts obtained from LaNixCo1-xO3 and LaNixCo1-xO3/SBA-15 perovskites were prepared and applied to the reform to the ethanol vapor. In order to define a synthesis method for the formation of perovskites on the mesoporous support SBA-15, the precursor materials were synthesized from impregnations based on the modified Pechini and amorphous citrate methods. The synthesis of perovskites on SBA-15 from impregnation based on the modified Pechini method showed less tendency to form secondary phases. The Ni catalyst obtained from the reduction of this material presented higher activity and yield for H2 production when compared to that obtained by the amorphous citrate method. From this method, materials with different proportions of perovskite on the support and mass perovskites were prepared. The increase of the perovskite ratio on the support indicated a higher formation of segregated NiO and less dispersion of the active phase. The catalytic activity and the rate of carbon formation, however, were similar among the materials, even in view of the increase in the metallic percentage. The introduction of Co into the B site of the perovskite structure leads to the reduction of the formation of secondary phases, due to the higher stability, that perovskite with the insertion of this cation in its crystalline lattice happens to present. The catalysts with Ni-Co and Co showed lower activity for the reaction, but the rate of carbon formation decreased, due to the lower Co activity in the C-C bond breakage and its greater ability to activate the water. Comparison of the performance of the supported catalysts with those synthesized from the perovskite masses showed increased catalytic activity and reduced carbon formation in the materials supported in SBA-15, due to the greater dispersion of the active phase.
A construção da cidade: a vida nas ruas, religião, voluntariado e Estado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-19)
Priori, Josimar
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3442141453573185
This thesis analyzes the construction of the city from a study on the relationships between people living on the streets and their religious, volunteers and state interlocutors. Urban construction is thought from a situational perspective. The city is treated as the result of daily practices and seen from different positions: people living on the streets, religious, volunteers, state agents. The ethnographic research was conducted in the city of Maringá-PR between January 2015 and January 2016, during which I followed the daily life of people living on the streets and the forms of intervention carried out by Christian churches, volunteer groups and state agents. The starting point was the mapping of what life on the streets creates in political and social terms. I observed that life on the streets prompts a series of social practices, which draw attention to their disproportion in relation to the number of people living on the streets and the disagreement (RANCIÈRE, 2006) related to the ways of representing it when it is taken as reference the ways in which street life itself is understood. Thus, at least three cités or ordinances (BOLTANSKI and THEVENOT, 2006) are produced by social actors, at the same time as they provide references to justify their actions. These are religious, voluntary and state ordinances, which create administrative ways, including public policies, to intervene on street life and presuppositions for interpretations of urban order. Religious see life on the streets from the standpoint of sin and spiritual causes, voluntary as scarcity and the state as urban dirt or lack of rights. The former set out to evangelize the people who live on the streets; the latter, in the name of solidarity, to help them, and third parties, on the one hand, to remove them from the field of vision and, on the other hand, to realize their rights. The people who intervene on them become, through this intervention, public agents, militants, good Christians, organizers of the city, in other words, they produce themselves as actors, subjects able to intervene in the issues of interest that are considered as of the city. In short, they constitute themselves as political subjects. People that live on the street, on the other hand, are displaced into a position of recipients of these policies, even though they are by contrast constitutive of them. These subjects, however, elaborate a narrative about themselves that questions the external representations, in addition to creating a set of practices, knowledge and ways of interpreting their life and the contemporary world that oppose this state of things. On the one hand, they make instrumental use and re-signify the resources that the interveners bring to them. On the other, they refuse the terms of orderings assistencial, religious and state ordinances in terms of their assumptions. From this use and contestation, important misunderstandings appear that make us understand more than just ways of managing life on the streets. They also talk about urban conflict and make it possible to observe the main ordering forms of the contemporary social world, which builds the city. Specifically, I argue that life on the streets offers terms for the establishment of the following political subjects: 1) Pentecostal churches, linked to a political-religious project of a nation; 2) individuals who identify themselves as good practitioners, children of God, supporters and builders of new projects of life, as well as professional politicians, militants who think the extension of rights, or are adept at social hygiene; 3) good men who elaborate a solidarity and welcoming city representation; 4) people living on the streets are seen as objects of intervention and priority state management. The overlap between religious, voluntary and state practices about street life seems to me, therefore, a relevant sign to know the ways of building order, power and the contemporary city. Being this mechanism of urban production from the street so recurrent and relevant, nationally and internationally, I suggest in this thesis that it is, sociologically, treated as a structuring mechanism of urban life.
Correspondência fazer-dizer em adultos: o controle pela audiência em um jogo virtual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-20)
Alves, Cristiane
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4469078180637818
Studying the relationship between what is done and what is said has occurred in several sciences, including Behavior Analysis. The present study employed do-say sequence and examined, experimentally, the effect of the audience on the phenomenon of correspondence in self-report in adults. The first stage of this thesis consisted in the elaboration, production and testing of a 3D virtual game with the function of an instrument for data collection. The next step was data collection and analysis. Ten male college students were submitted to the game. The experimental task consisted in collecting red and green objects in the game scenario and reporting "yes/no", if they collected the reds that were prohibited. Audiences were established through the characters of the game, one of which indicated only punishment, another only reinforcement and another signalized, in an ambiguous way, both punishment and reinforcement. After the game, the participants evaluated, through a questionnaire, the game and the characters, with the objective to check if they responded adequately to the programmed characterization for the audiences. The results indicated a higher frequency of distorted reports for the audiences that indicated punishment or ambiguity between punishment and reinforcement. This indicates that the audience had an effect on the accuracy of verbal reports of adults in a virtual environment.
Efeito modulador do extrato total do Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D em macrófagos e Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-20)
Neris, Débora Meira
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by Leishmania gender protozoa. The treatment of the disease is generally problematic, as the drugs used on clinical practice are toxic. One of the paths in the search for new therapeutic targets is the study of endophytic microorganisms-produced substances. In this study, the Total Lyophilized Extract (TLE) of the endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D was used, which was isolated from the Cerrado of São Carlos, Brazil. The TLE was assessed in terms of citotoxicity, ON production and citokynes production on BALB/3T3 fibroblasts, J774A.1 macrophages, RAW 264.7 macrophages, as well as directly on promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania (L) amazonensis. Our results have shown that the mortality rate of 50% (EC50) of fibroblasts (BALB/3T3) was of 1,171 mg/mL and 0,956 mg/mL after 48 and 72 hours, respectively. For macrophages (J774A.1) the mortality rate of 50% took place on doses of 0,994 mg/mL and 0,945 mg/mL after 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Regarding cellular death, at the period of 24 hours, the extract induced apoptosis and necrosis from the concentration of 5mg/mL in fibroblast (BALB/3T3) and from ≈1 mg/mL in macrophage (J774A.1). The threatment with ≈1 mg/mL concentration of the ETL induced TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokine production at the 24 hours period. The IL-10 had its production detected up to the 48 hours period, whereas the IL-12 was detected only at this period. For the toxicity essay on L. amazonensis promastigotes, the values of EC50 obtained at the 24 and 48 hours period were of 0,624 mg/mL and 0,547 mg/mL, respectively. Regarding promastigotes death percentage, our result have shown that the 0,5 mg/mL concentration induced death of 31% at the 24 hours period and 35% at 48 hours. As for the concentration of 1mg/mL of the extract, the death percentage was of 59% and 62% at the periods of 24 and 48 hours, respectively. For the parasitary load essay, it was observed a percentage of 25% of infected cells with na average of 3 amastigotes/cell for the groups treated with 0,1; 0,5 and 1 mg/mL of the TLE at both periods. Regarding cytokine production on RAW 264.7 macrophage that were infected/treated with the extract, a significant increase of TNF-α was observed at both periods for all tested concentrations. Concerning IFN-γ cytokine, its significant production was only observed at the 48 hours period in the 1mg/mL concentration, whereas the IL-12 production was only significant in the 0,5 mg/mL at the same period. A significant decrease of IL-4 was observed in all treated groups with the TLE at the 24 hours period. The significant ON production by RAW 264.7 macrophages was observed in the groups treated with 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL of the extract on both periods of 48 and 72 hours. Due to its modulatory action of the immunological activity, it is suggested that the TLE of P. Polymyxa RNC-D is a promising target for the development of new immunotherapeutical drugs for the treatment of several diseases, including, but not limited to, leishmaniasis.
Propriedades eletrônicas de nanofios semicondutores de Fosfeto de Zinco (Zn3P2)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-20)
Lombardi, Gustavo Aparecido
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3441225740859785
Zinc phosphide Zn3P2 nanowires with excellent crystalline quality were grown using the Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) method with gold nanoparticles as catalysts. Single nanowire based devices were fabricated with ohmic nickel contacts. Thermally activated and variable range hopping mechanisms were simultaneously identified from temperature dependent transport measurements, with the later being dominant. Energy levels at 197 meV , 47 meV and 15meV associated to Zn vacancies and interstitial P atoms were identified. Hopping radius were found to be 58 nm for 300 K. These results show how the presence of some degree of disorder drastically affects the transport of current through the nanowire. Photocurrent measurements revealed the material potential as light sensors. Current gains as high as 400% and 660% were measured for white light and 660 nm laser, respectively.
Histórias e memórias de lideranças surdas em Pernambuco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-20)
Vasconcelos, Norma Abreu e Lima Maciel de Lemos
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4261347568631671
This thesis is based on his historical and cultural approach, wich recognizes the historicity of the human being, values the transmissin of socially acquiered knowledge, assumes that constitutions of the subject happens from relations with the environmment and also emphasizes that human language is conceived in social life, referring to the ideia that is her, by her and with her that the individual will be constituted. The theoretical dialogues with legal issues, with public policies and social movements that have permeated the education of the deaf person was constituted from his own narratives and thus to look at: his educational trajectory; challenges to their educacional background; the marks left by their linguistic singularity; and the school in the process of social interaction and development of these people and the emergence of deaf communit and deaf movements in Pernambuco. In this way, the objectives are: a) to outline the profile of constitution of the deaf person in the state of Pernambuco, through educational aspects, stories and memories narrated by leades of deaf movements; b) to know how in that state the deaf collective that has dominion and makes use of sign language has been formed and c) to identify how aspects of social movements were fomented and what is the role of education in this history. It is a qualitative research, based on Oral History referred to, Meihhy by Thompson, Meihy and Montenegro. The Oral History of Life reconizes and values people as subjects of their own history. Eleven deaf leaders were selected, all fluent in Pounds, residing in Pernambuco (state of Pernambuco). The results show that human development is not restricted only the biological factor, but encompasses the historical, the human and the social factor, and encompasses the historical, the human and the social. The cultural constitutucion of the interviewees was crossed by the other (deaf and listener), who, in the process of interaction, made them construct concepts and meanings that reaffirmed their reality over time. From the reports, the analyzes were organized in the follow axes: family environment, language, educacional trajectory and involvement in social movements. The family participed in social interactions without sharing sign language, except in cases of deaf parents, and dealt better with their menbers was deaf. Sign language was acquired in adolescence by the majorit, in the encounter with another deaf, in its educacional trajectory, that was marked by evasions, repetition, failure. However, the school in which Libras was present (common school or school of the deaf) was signified as na interaction loci, a place of coexistence between peers, impelling other meetings in other spaces, thus contributing to the formation of the deaf movements. The associations, militants and social participations were present in all the narratives. It is believed that it is important to carry out more research that uses the History of Life method, allowing a moment of “listening” to is collaborators, to deepen the knowledge about the education of the deaf in Brazil.