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Logística reversa de pneus inservíveis: modelo de otimização para decisões estratégicas e táticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-10) Burgos Meneses, Jorge Michael; Ferreira, Deisemara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0245267028273903; Toso, Eli Angela Vitor; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6663631731115739; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3132602281199061
The accumulation of waste tires is a problem of great concern worldwide, as these are non-biodegradable and low compressibility solid waste, which cause different damage to the environment and public health. In Brazil, there are laws that establish targets for the environmentally appropriate disposal of waste tires, and make tire producers and importers responsible for this activity. The tire reverse network in Brazil consists of disposal points, called ecopoints, intermediate centers, where take place tire sorting and grinding activities, and processing plants, where take place different recycling or value recovery activities. Currently, the tire producers and importers carry out the collection of waste tires, at the request of the ecopoints when they reach an established quantity. For collection planning are not considered critical information as: the ecopoints inventory capacity; the capacity and availability of intermediate centers and processing plants; and forecasts of the amount of waste tires. Reverse logistics of tires involves high transport costs, since the shape of the tires makes it difficult to compaction of the load and there is a great geographical dispersion of the ecopoints. In this sense, the opening of sorting and grinding centers can bring economic benefits by reducing transport costs and generating revenues from the sale of the steel removed from the crushed tires and the sale of reusable tires. In this research, a mathematical programming model is proposed to support the planning decisions of reverse tire logistics in Brazil, considering both strategic-level decisions (location and dimensioning of intermediate centers); and tactical-level decisions (vehicle fleet sizing, material flow between points, quantities of tires to be sorted, crushed, stocked, marketed on the secondary market and disposed in each period of time). For the computational experiments, 40 instances were considered based on real data from the State of São Paulo (Brazil). The results show that the proposed model adequately represents the reverse network and provides good solutions for the strategic and tactical decisions involved in network planning. Several heuristic methods have been developed as solution alternatives for cases where the exact methods are not efficient. The heuristics are able to find good quality solutions with low computational time. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed in order to show the impact of the variation of parameters such as the sale price of reusable tires in the secondary market, transportation costs and disposal costs.
A Operação Lava-Jato nas páginas de opinião da Folha de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-10) Geraldini, Bernardo Fogli Serpa; Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0037451689199303
The mass media are a central element of the contemporary political life, and newspapers, in Brazil, are important mainly because of their ability to set the agenda of other media. In this sense, Folha de S. Paulo has a leading role not only because of its leadership in printed circulation, but also because of its growing virtual audience. Since 2014, its agenda has come to include the coverage of “Operação Lava-Jato” (literally, Operation Car Wash), an investigation carried out by the Brazilian Federal Police in order to inquire into corruption schemes. The object of this research is the editorial section of the Folha de S. Paulo, and the objective is to understand how the operation was portrayed by the newspaper. Thus, due to the importance of this investigation in the Brazilian political scenario, we sought to understand how the Folha de S. Paulo characterized both the operation and the political actors involved in it. To this end, the newspapers’ editorials published throughout almost four years were analyzed. The main method used was framework analysis. In terms of frequency of mentions, the results show that the newspaper initially highlighted individuals associated with the Brazilian Workers’ Party that were involved in the scandals, a highlight that was lessened after the impeachment that took place in 2016. In terms of the frameworks, it was found that at first the operation was praised, after which it was seen as a force disturbant to the political system and from which arose abuse of authority. It was found that the “antipetismo” (bias against the Workers’ Party), already pointed out by other researches, was present under different configurations in the editorials. In addition, it was noted that the Folha de S. Paulo did not embrace the opportunity to hold a debate on the institutional conditions that favor transgressions of the kind investigated by the operation in question.