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Com as próprias mãos: etnografia das artes marciais e da defesa pessoal no treinamento policial militar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-16) Pires, Lucas Alexandre; Leirner, Piero de Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883880276055777; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0986120603069769
This dissertation is based on an ethnographic study on the conversion of martial arts into techniques of hand-to-hand combat and self-defense, applied to military and police training. Martial arts appear in the field with military police subjects such as technologies and war artifacts whose immersion in their practices forge bodies and transform people through processes that directly affect how they understand and experience violence and the use of force. Thus, I report some experiences in martial training, outlining a general picture of its impact on the lives of its practitioners, using my body as an ethnographic tool. Later, I discuss the tense relationship between an anthropologist, who seeks to reveal unsuspected relationships between his subjects and military institutions, which camouflage information, hamper access to the barracks reality, and attempt to frame researcher and research in their own interests. I also perform an ethnohistorical exercise on the relationship between martial arts and military training of different armies around the world, highlighting both the sportification process of militarism and the conversion of sport into military tactics. Finally, I analyze some experiences with military police during instructions of the Personal Defense discipline and in a sporting championship internal to the corporation in order to elucidate the way my interlocutors think and use of martial techniques and their body in their craft. As a conclusion, I understand the martial arts and military training as reflections of the way our society experiences and lives violence, born of its affluence through state action.
Verificação do comportamento de ligações viga-pilar com continuidade de armadura negativa por meio de luvas rosqueadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-16) Barros, Luciana Souza Paes de; Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4397967351145440
Although an increasing demand on precast concrete structures exists, there is a lack of tools for the safe design of precast connections in many situations. This research focuses on the study of semi-rigid beam-column precast connections with continuity negative bars spliced by threaded couplers. Moment resistant connections using longitudinal reinforcement spliced by threaded couplers are common in Brazil but there are a few analytical models and experimental results describing such connections. The semi-rigid behavior of a beam-column connection is relative to its Moment-Rotation curve (M-θ). The secant rotational stiffness is associated to the point when the negative reinforcement starts yielding, which is related to the bond-slip between concrete and steel due to tension stresses in the cracked region. Two real scale cruciform tests are carried out in order to check the secant stiffness of beam-column connections Typology 3 and 4, as specified in ABNT NBR 9062:2017. The aim is to compare the experimental results with results obtained from analytical models presented in the aforementioned code. The behavior of negative threaded bars and the influence of the threaded couplers in the semi-rigidity of precast connections is discussed. The M-θ curves from both tests are presented and, considering the results of equivalent secant stiffness, it is proposed a calibration of the analytical parameters suggested in the Brazilian precast code. It can be noticed that the use of threaded couplers in beam-column connections satisfies design requirements of strength, stiffness and ductility, and that the Typology 4 of connection has a semi-rigid behavior. This research enables to observe that the tested typologies do not present a behavior of a discrete joint, so that the global, local and localized mechanisms interact with each other. For moment resistant connections subjected to negative flexure, its behavior is governed by the behavior of the negative continuity reinforcement, under small influence of the positive joint. Using analytical equations calibrated by test results, there are proper tools to the calculation of the negative secant stiffness and there is the possibility to manipulate equations and safely determine other parameters involved in the analysis and design of precast concrete structures.
Alterações do Código Florestal Brasileiro e implicações na conservação de áreas naturais de topos de morros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-16) Ramos, Renata Inês; Tonello, Kelly Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0531209385557900
Ecosystem services provided by natural areas such, as hydrological and atmospheric regulation, erosion control, pollination and control of agricultural pests, are essential for both the present and future societies, as well as for the sustainability of production systems. Until the year 2012, Brazilian forestry legislation was conducted mainly by Law 4,771 1965, however this law was significantly modified as of the publication of Federal Law 12,651/2012. The change made in the Forest Code has caused profound modifications in two of the most important instruments established by the law: The Permanent Preservation Area – APP and the Legal Reserve – RL. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects generated by the new law with the amendments made in the APP top of hills, mountains and mountain ranges under the responsibility of the São Paulo State Environmental Licensing System in its first four years of application (May / 2012 - May / 2016) and its impact on the conservation of natural resources. For that purpose, the data of authorizations issued by the São Paulo environmental agency in the aforementioned period and in the previous quadrennium (May / 2008 - May / 2012) were compared. The method is based on the tabulation, analysis and critical verification of data from a total of 56 processes that resulted in the issuance of permits for the intervention in the top of hill, mountain and mountain range APP areas by the Sao Paulo environmental agency. In order to represent the data, the sampling units adopted were the Hydrographic Units of Water Resources Management of São Paulo - UGRHI, grouped into four Vocational Units as defined by Law 9,034/1994: agricultural, of conservation, industrialising and industrial. The significant reduction in the number of authorizations issued by CETESB between the two periods clearly indicates that with the substantial decrease in the occurrence of APPs in top of hills, mountains and mountain ranges, the demand for permits for interventions in this APP was also significantly reduced. In this context, it can be con luded that the amendment made by the new law has a potential negative impact on the conservation of natural resources due to the possibility of using and occupying these areas with activities such as agriculture, silviculture and residential, commercial and industrial land subdivision, among others, without any need for authorization, therefore without any control or restriction.