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Prevalência, fatores associados à dor e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Pereira, Aliny Cristini
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Hortense, Priscilla
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6567415003986220
People living with HIV/aids have several persistent symptoms that develop during the course of illness, with pain being one of those symptoms that may be related to changes in health and mood-related quality of life. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of pain in 302 people living with HIV / AIDS, aged between 18 and 59 years old, who were treated at a specialized care service in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, and analyzed their relationship with depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life. A sociodemographic questionnaire, a clinician, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Brief Pain Inventory and the HIV/Aids Targeted Quality of Life were used as instruments. The data collection period occurred from January to July 2017. Concerning pain, 59.27% of the subjects reported pain, of mild intensity, recurrent in the region of the head and with interference in mood. Pain was significantly correlated with sex (p = 0.0038), schooling (p = 0.0001), time of antiretroviral treatment (p = 0.0448), prevalence of depressive symptoms (p <0.0001), quality (p <0.0001), health concern (p <0.0001), financial concern (p <0.0001), HIV acceptance (p = 0.0021), life satisfaction), concern about secrecy (p = 0.0021) and sexual activity (p = 0.0009). As for multiple logistic regression, the increase in one point in the overall score of the HIV/Aids Targeted Quality of Life instrument decreased the chance of pain reports (OR = 0.96, p <0.0001) by 4%. Women had a 79% higher chance of reporting pain (OR = 1.79, p = 0.03) and when the variable health-related quality of life was disregarded, women reported 89% more pain than men (OR = 1.89, p = 0.017). On the levels of this pain, women were 2.07 times more likely to report moderate or severe pain than men (OR = 2.07, p = 0.014). As for schooling, people living with HIV / AIDS with a higher level of school education presented a 35% less chance of reporting pain (OR = 0.65, p = 0.922). People living with HIV / AIDS who scored ≥ 9 on the PHQ-9 instrument had a chance to report 2.11 times greater than those who scored <9 (OR = 2.11, p = 0.004) and 2, 48 times more likely to be moderate and severe (OR = 2.48, p = 0.002). People living with HIV / AIDS above 49 years of age presented complaints of pain ranging from moderate to severe, approximately 4 times more than young people (reference ≤ 29 years) (OR = 3.85, p = 0.008). As income increased, there was a decrease in the claim for moderate and severe pain (OR = 0.21, p = 0.038). In general, we can conclude that the prevalence of pain in the studied population is related to a worse level of health-related quality of life and to the development of depressive symptoms.
Ensino de mandos a crianças com Autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Gomes, Máyra Laís de Carvalho
;
Verdu, Ana Cláudia Moreira Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3777028853675653
;
Domeniconi, Camila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
The emission of mands benefits all speakers including children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) allowing them to have access to specific reinforcers. It is also believed that the fluency in the emission of mands can facilitate the learning of other verbal operants and also decrease the frequency of disruptive behaviors. The purpose of this dissertation was based on the teaching of the mand verbal operant for children with ASD and limited verbal repertoire in order to extend the use of more socially appropriate mands and to verify if this had some relation with the emission of disruptive behaviors and with the emission of other verbal operants. Three studies were carried out with complementary objectives and procedures applied to participants within the age group of four to eight years old. In general, the teaching procedure occurred in an individualized way, with baseline and intervention sessions, through mand training with prompting and prompt delay. The delay in the presentation of the prompts occurred in a gradual way, in order to produce opportunities for the child to respond independently and more spontaneously under the control of the motivational operation. The results of the three studies indicated an increase in the average frequency of emission of mands (respectively, from minimum to maximum: 3-135.6; 0.6-50.6; 0.1-9.2), which were related in the reverse direction with the disruptive behaviors. From this teaching, there was still a minimal emergency of tact and intraverbal. However, this study presented limitations, especially in the absence of programming of conditions that promote vocal generalization to other environments, in addition to the teaching environment.
O campo científico de Educação Infantil no Brasil (1981/2010)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Moletta, Ana Keli
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Bittar, Marisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3113005770690752
The objective of this study was to analyze the Work Group on Education of Children from 0 to 6 years (GT07, acronym in Portuguese), of the National Association for Graduate Studies and Research in Education (ANPEd, acronym in Portuguese), over a period of twenty-nine years (1981-2010), identifying its practice, conflicts, struggle for hegemony, and academic research in the scientific field of early childhood education in Brazil. The relationship structure dynamics between group subjects was analyzed through Academic Genealogy, an auxiliary science of History that studies the origin, evolution, and dissemination of interrelated groups. Our theoretical reference was based on the contributions of Pierre Bourdieu on the notion of academic field, political field and field of power, as well as on other authors who contribute to the understanding of the scientific space and its product, science (PRICE, 1976; VOSLENSKY, 1980; LATOUR, 1994). It was a qualitative research, characterized as documentary and bibliographical, involving the collection of a series of data, such as: official documents; newspaper clippings; ANPEd bulletins; ANPEd notebooks and annals; curricula that make up the Lattes Platform of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; journals; meetings, events and field-specific research networks; as well as works in the field of early childhood education. We argue that a dispute over the scientific monopoly in the field of early childhood education in Brazil ended up creating and extending hegemonic positions within this space, turning certain discourses into working mechanisms, and suppressing or neglecting opposing ways of thinking. Since early childhood education is still a field under construction in our country, the discussion and contribution of different types of knowledge is deemed indispensable to foster new debates, providing greater visibility and thus greater legitimacy to this field.
Contexto matemático inserido na vivência de agrimensura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Lucisano, Silvana Valdívia Najar
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Salvador, José Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158
The Surveying Experience can be seen as part of the Science of Nature and Mathematics of the High School curriculum, and allows the student to know how to create the "map", object of use for the construction of various types of works. The present work has as objective to approach an experience in the field, of activities with mathematical concepts, mainly of the trigonometry and the geometry, that are used in the practice of the Surveying, clarifying to the student, the importance and the application of the same ones. This experience was developed with a group of students from the first grade of a private school, whose proposal is based on the teaching process of Waldorf pedagogy, which suggests, mainly, to teach some external classes, such as an extension of the classroom. Various instruments were used to measure terrains, such as theodolite, trena, sights, beacon, as well as materials for drawings such as square, protractor, compass, scaler, ruler and others. Through this work, one can perceive the great interest and a new look of the students in this area of mathematics, which makes it possible and effective.
Caracterização funcional de uma Cisteíno Catepsina recombinante da formiga cortadeira Atta Sexdens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Correa, Katia Celina Santos
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Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0966814862792006
Cutting ants depend on plant leaves to survive, presenting high damage power in agricultural productions, natural and planted forest. The control of these insects through the use of commercial insecticides besides being toxic, it is not selective. Cathepsin L, an enzyme of the cysteine peptidase family, is known to be active in the degradation of embryonic vitellin, in the tissue remodeling, in the reproductive processes and in the cuticle degradation during insect moulting, which make this enzyme an excellent target for the study of promising inhibitors. The cathepsin sequence from Acromyrmex echinator was used to design primers, that together cDNA of the A. sexdens, were used for amplification of the ORF encoding a cathepsin L of the ant A. sexdens by PCR. The ORF called CathL is expressed in the ant developmental stages (larvae, pupae, adult), and is present in parts of the adult insect (head, mesosoma, gaster). The gene was amplified using genomic DNA extracted from the ant's head and used as a template molecule in the PCR, suggesting that the ORF comes from the ant and not from the fungus L. gongylophorus with whom it lives in symbiosis. The ORF was cloned into vector pET32a and the recombinant enzyme AsCathL was expressed in E. coli mainly as inclusion bodies, and through refolding, a purified proenzyme of 52 kDa was obtained with final yield of 5 mg/L. Activation of the protein allowed the removal of the N-terminal pro-enzyme AsCathL on acidic conditions and showed hydrolytic activity in vitro towards the synthetic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC. The enzyme showed higher proteinase activity at pH 4.5. Inhibition assays of the enzymatic activity were carried out using six recombinant sugarcane canacistatins, which demonstrated to be excellent cathepsin inhibitors, with Ki ranging from 2,95 nM to 0,6 nM. The obtained results show perspectives to the pursuit of more knowledge about that cysteine peptidase, an important objective for the studies on the insect control.
Picramnia glazioviana and Picramnia bahiensis as source for new natural products. Insecticidal and fungicidal evaluations and High-Resolution Bioassay/HPLC-HRMS-SPE/NMR studies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Gimenes, Leila
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Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4578530150842037
Leaf-cutting ants of the genus Atta and Acromyrmex are considered the most important pests in agriculture, pastures, and reforestation programs due to the defoliation caused by the uncontrolled herbivory that the plants undergo, causing damages to the plantations and serious economic losses. In this context, the chemistry of natural products corroborates to minimize this problem with respect to the development of products for the control of leaf-cutting ants with broad spectrum characteristics of biological activities, and low environmental impact. In this work, the insecticide and fungicide profile of the extracts from P. glazioviana and P. bahiensis were evaluated. P. glazioviana showed a promising insecticidal activity to its ethanol extract, and to the dichloromethane (PGD) and ethyl acetate (PGA) phases. P. bahiensis, on the other hand, presented excellent activities to its extracts and fractions in both bioassays analyzed. These results encouraged the phytochemical study and isolation of the constituents present in both these species of plants. Thus, the study with P. bahiensis yielded the isolation of five known anthraquinones (chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, islandicin, pulmatin and chrysophanein) and two new anthrones C,O-diglycosides. In relation to P. glazioviana, from the PGD phase it was isolated twenty two new highly oxygenated nortriterpenes, compounds that present new chemical skeleton, and the biogenesis for the formation of these compounds was proposed. This is the first report of isolation of nortriterpenes in plants of the Picramniaceae family. Once it was discovered a new chemical skeleton of natural products, an achievement that brings huge contribution to the chemosystematics of this plant and to the chemistry of natural products as a whole. The HPLC-HRMS-SPE/NMR technique was also performed to this phase, allowing us to isolate and acquire excellent NMR spectra in few days of experiment, and high degree of purity for each compound. The PGD phase was also analyzed by high-resolution PTP1B, α-glucosidase and antibacterial bioassay. Although the construction of the biochromatogram has not indicated the presence of antidiabetic constituents in this phase, some constituents with antibacterial potential could be pinpointed through the biochromatogram against Staphylococcus aureus. This result is very promising regarding the discovery of new natural products with important biological activities. The high-resolution bioassay was also evaluated to the methanol extract from roots of P. bahiensis with the enzymes PTP1B and α-glucosidase, and some constituents could be pinpointed after the construction of the biochromatogram. Thus, this is the first work presenting the evaluation of Picramnia species exhibiting an antidiabetic potential.
A relação da satisfação das condições de caminhabilidade com a qualidade do bairro para caminhada em um município de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Jacob, Juliana Bevilacqua
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7559826582418817
The walk can become an enjoyable activity if the public space have characteristics that facilitate the individual to walk through your neighborhood. In the literature, validated instruments of perception and evaluation of walking environments are found to measure the quality of the walking environment. Instruments for perceiving a walking environment were developed by researchers to assess what the pedestrian thinks about the quality of their neighborhood for walking. Instruments of evaluation of the walking environment were developed to measure the quality of the pedestrian infrastructure or the walkability through the determination of the level of service, achieved by technical evaluation. This paper presents the application of an instrument for the perception of the quality of the walking environment (NEWS– Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale) and the application of a walking environment audit instrument (developed by Nanya, 2016) in a small city. The goal was to identify if there are differences of quality´s perception for walking and the evaluation of the walking environment in different districts of the city. From the statistical tests (kappa = 0.65), it was verified that the general satisfaction of the walking quality of the neighborhood (what the pedestrians think) and the general quality of the neighborhood (audit) has good agreement, where is perceived corresponds to the reality of the general satisfaction of the neighborhood for walking.
A atuação de psicólogo bilíngue no atendimento terapêutico à pessoa surda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Tostes, Raissa Siqueira
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366267906155793
Since the approbation of a law that recognized the Brazilian Sign Language - Libras, in 2002, the number of psychology professionals has increased thanks to the possibility of attending the deaf people through sign language. However, as the recognition is recent, there is a shortage of bibliography, training opportunities and academic research on the subject. This qualitative and exploratory study aims to analyze and discuss the performance of the bilingual psychologist in the care of the deaf. This research was built with historical-cultural theoretical basis, especially from Vygotsky's and Bakhtin's point of view, taking the subject as constituted by language and social relations, with steady production and reproduction of subjective senses. The deaf, from birth and conviviality with different languages - being one of comfort and another majoritarian - is inevitably immersed in complex macro politics where it faces multiple ideologies, choices, expectations, obstacles, actions imposed or offered by others. For the purpose of diving into the lived experiences of bilingual psychologists, I proposed to develop a dialogue with them through interviews in Libras directed to four professionals of psychology, in which they related their experiences, challenges, possibilities and limits in the therapeutic care to the deaf person, all of them were recorded on videotapes and translated into Portuguese. Through a set of data collected in the interviews, I chose five circumstances in order to analyze and discuss, they were divided into two thematic axes entitled: the relationship between the psychologist and the language of the deaf in the therapeutic context and the challenges, possibilities and limits of action of the psychologist in the care of the deaf person. The analyzes and considerations on the performance of the bilingual psychologist have led to notice that there is a risk of reinforcing the subordination of the deaf to other people's choices and, on the other hand, by favoring their emancipation, emphasizing the importance of the bilingual psychologist comprehend the deaf in his bilingual daily life and understand him in the social situations in which he lives and understand how the production of subjective senses occurs in the various social, linguistic, affective and cultural spaces.
Segmentação e quantificação de tecidos da coxa e abdômen em imagens de tomografia computadorizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Felinto, Jonas de Carvalho
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Ferrari, Ricardo José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9162758689086793
The quantification of adipose and muscular tissues is of great importance in clinical practice and assists in the diagnosis of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and, osteoarthritis. The use of Computed Tomography (CT) imaging has become indispensable for the quantification of such tissues and is currently considered the gold standard in clinical practice. CT imaging is able to produce results with high accuracy, with high soft tissue contrast, lower financial cost and time-wise efficiency when compared to MRI. Currently, the quantification of tissues is performed manually by a specialized radiologist with limited help of the computer and therefore has several limitations. For this reason, several researchers have turned their efforts to the development of automatic techniques of tissue segmentation. Some automatic techniques presented in the literature show high correlation values between automatic segmentation results and manual specialist markings, but the results were obtained using few images and to date none of these techniques are available to the medical community. In this context, this research aims to create a computational technique that allows automatic segmentation and quantification of thigh and abdomen tissues in CT images. This technique combines morphological operations, thresholding, a Gaussian mixture model and the use of an accumulator matrix with the projection of digital lines to classify each fat voxel in relation to its position to other tissues. Subsequently, a quantitative evaluation was done using 144 thigh images extracted from 72 thighs CT scans (left and right) and 15 CT images from the abdomen. All images were manually segmented by a specialist using image editing software and used for further comparative analysis. The precision results for the masks that delimit the thigh and fascia and that delimit the abdomenm and the visceral region are 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. Also, the coefficient of similarity of dice for these areas was close to 0.98.
Licenciandas em pedagogia na Rede de Aprendizagem da Docência (ReAD): compreensões sobre a docência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27)
Marini, Carolina
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Anunciato, Rosa Maria Moraes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3665277442463027
The objective of the this dissertation is to investigate what is the comprehension Pedagogy students have on subjects related to teaching and its characteristics: professionalism and the process of teaching professionalization, teacher training and teacher education, teacher’s professional identity, teachers’ continuing professional development. The data that were analyzed consist of narratives written by graduate students, produced in the context of a blended learning (on-line) environment, the “Rede de Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento da Docência” (ReAD). The ReAD promotes intergerational partnership (interactions between Primary School teachers – both experienced and beginner teachers – and Pedagogy/Education undergraduate students), based on a blended learning perspective (combining aspects of face-to-face synchronous interactions with on-line asynchronous interactions), working as a hybrid space where the gap between educational sciences/theory and teacher’s practice/knowledge is reduced. The data shows that ReAD actually worked as a learning environment, because its participants were able to exchange information, experience and knowledge in the course of on-line interactions (intergerational partnership). It also shows that ReAD helped the students build their professional identity as future teachers, since they were able to think about teachers’ practice through different themes and perspectives. For that reason, the students were able to make projections about what kind of teacher they would like to be and/or what kind of teachers’ practice they would like to put into practice when they become teachers. When they were able to talk about teacher training, they described what kind of education they were been receiving and what kind of education they believe that should be offered to Pedagogy/Education undergraduate students. Their thoughts on teachers’ professional development are: they believe it happens as a continuing process, so learning (how) to be a teacher is something that doesn’t happen only during higher education (Brazilian licentiate degree), because teachers are able to learn more about their practice as they become more experienced. The students were also able to reveal their thoughts about what a teacher is (or should be), what it takes to be a teacher.
Avaliação da legislação brasileira do uso conjugado de água de chuva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-28)
Maebara, Andre Kazunori
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Barreto, Douglas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369326190168139
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3269661904318428
With the growth of cities and the great urban concentration, problems like the lack of water and urban drainage begin to occur. To reduce this problem, the use of rainwater begins to be proposed in legislation with the objective of rational use of drinking water and the reduction or control of floods. The importance of the study of municipal laws, together with the norms, is justified in order to identify and standardize the parameters and guidelines that allow the combined use of rainwater, considering retention and utilization. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of applying municipal legislation for the retention and utilization of rainwater in urban lots by means of the identification of the guidelines contained in the laws and the respective parameterization with the technical standards. Through the bibliographical survey of the legislation, the study was made to elucidate the important points and parameters, making the comparison between laws and norms applying the parameters in different typologies of houses for the cities of São Paulo and São José do Rio Preto, and also the scales, according to legislation to verify if they meet the demand and retention of rainwater. Among the nine parameters analyzed, only three of them, the dimensioning, the use of rainwater and the application of the legislations, are presented in detail, the remaining parameters are just mentioned. In the sizing the equations contained in the laws use variables such as impermeable area of coverage and terrain. There is also the rainfall index and rainfall, but are used as constants. For the sizing according to the standard, variables such as rainfall index and demand are used. The potential for utilization has been shown that for large reservoir volumes it is biased towards the detention of rainwater, although, with large reservoir volumes, the rainwater harvesting system can make both the use of rainwater when water in the lot. Finally, even in the case of rainwater retention legislation, it is possible to make use of it according to the law.
Diversidade e descolonização do currículo do ensino superior: diálogos Brasil e Estados Unidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-30)
Santos, Fernanda Vieira da Silva
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Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2007812280080118
This paper is a result of a research entitled "Knowledge, research and innovation in teacher education for ethnic-racial development in higher education: questionings and contributions of the ethnic-racial and cultural matrices of African and Afro-descendant knowledge", from the Center for Studies Afro-Brazilians (NEAB) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in which this project is the result of the Academic Development Program Abdias Nascimento, for the grant of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Thus, the study is divided into three sections: First, a Abdias Nascimento’s biography, second a review literature from data bases: Institute of Educational Sciences (ERIC) and Electronic Scientific Library (SCIELO), and the history of Higher Education in Brazil and United States ; Finishing with reflexions about higher education and race relations. There are also the Appendices on the implementation of the Academic Development Program Abdias Nascimento, with a perspective on the dissemination of race relations during this internship. Throughout the paper it was presented historical syntheses on the challenges of the black population to get access to Higher Education
Ensino de relações nome-objeto e aprendizagem de relações emergentes por bebês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-30)
Souza, Leylanne Martins Ribeiro de
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1985095548807586
The studies reported in this dissertation specifically addressed the population of toddlers, aged between 14 and 25 months age. The studies investigated the teaching of name-object relations in tasks of auditory-visual conditional discrimination, and the emergence and stability of new name-object relations in toddlers. Study 1 verified for seven children, aged between 18 and 22 months, the establishment of relations between words and objects using discrimination probes – which evaluated the sample-S+ relation – after the emergence of a conditional relation in responding by exclusion. Emergence of conditional relations was verified with exclusion probes and establishment of emergent relations was tested through discrimination probes. Six out of seven children responded by exclusion. One participant responded to the stimuli from the discrimination probes after ten trials: one exclusion trial and nine subsequent trials, similar to exclusion trials, and maintained consistent responses in the follow-up between two and six days. Study 2 carried out with 19 children between 14 and 25 months old, evaluated learning of name-object relations, after emergence of the conditional relation in responding by exclusion, through discrimination probes, and compared the performance of the participants in the discrimination probes with the performance on the learning and naming probes. Six out of 19 participants responded by exclusion. Discrimination probes attested learning of two nameobject relations by three participants. One participant’s responses were consistent with learning two relations after taught emergent name-object relations. In Study 3 we tried to identify the variables that could cause the errors occurred in the teaching of name-object conditional discriminations defined for the 19 children who participated in Study 2. All children had the repertoire evaluated by the Inventário Portage Operacionalizado (IPO) on four occasions: the first at the beginning of the data collection and the last one immediately before the closing of the research participation. For the analysis of the data, two types of procedure were performed: categorization of participants' performance in the different stimulus arrangements of matchingto-sample (MTS with one, two and three stimuli comparison); and comparison of the median of the IPO results of the group of children in relation to the overall score and in the areas of Cognition and Language. The analyzes suggest that there was a lack of prerequisite behaviors for the selection of the correct stimulus in the MTS tasks as an explanatory possibility for the occurrence of errors. The three studies provided evidence difficulties and potentialities of the procedures when destined to toddlers with the purpose of teaching and the maintenance of emergent relations by exclusion.
Produção de fenóis voláteis por isolados de Dekkera bruxellensis da fermentação etanólica e efeitos sobre uma linhagem industrial de Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-02)
Silva, Lincon Felipe Lima
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Ganga Muñoz, María Angélica
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Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6770132100603523
One of the main contaminant yeast is Dekkera bruxellensis being known its ability to produce volatile phenolic compounds such as 4-vinylphenol (4-VP) and 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) from hydroxycinnamic acids through the activity of the enzymes cumarate decarboxylase (CD) and vinylphenol reductase (VR), respectively. Hydroxycinnamic acids are present in the sugarcane juice as well as molasses and, thus, 4-EF could be synthesized during Brazilian ethanol fermentation conditions and act as metabolism inhibitors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The objective of this work was initially quantify the specific activities of the enzymes CD and VR of three strains of D. bruxellensis isolated from the ethanolic fermentation and two industrial strains of S. cerevisiae (PE-2 and CAT-1). Following the production of 4-EP in fermentations with and without cell recycle utilizing molasses and sugarcane juice as fermentation media by the strains of D. bruxellensis and one industrial strain of S. cerevisiae (PE-2) was evaluated. The effect of p-coumaric acid, 4-VP and 4-EP on the growth of S. cerevisiae PE-2 was also evaluated in semi-synthetic medium. The D. bruxellensis strains showed maximum specific enzymatic activity (U/mg protein) CD of 184.44 up to 215.52 and VR of 101.94 up to 154.26. Although the S. cerevisiae strains also showed CD and VR enzymatic activities, that there was no 4-EP production under fermentation conditions. The fermentative tests without cell recycle showed that the highest values for 4-VP and 4-EP occurred after 24 h during the exponential phase of growth and were stable until 72 h of fermentation in sugarcane juice and molasses. Comparatively the concentrations of 4-EP were higher in the fermentations with cell recycle especially in molasses, with D. bruxellensis CCA077 being the largest producer, 9.47 mg/L, in the first 12-h fermentative cycle already. There was no inhibitory effect of p-coumaric acid, 4-VP and 4-EP at concentrations of 4 to 20 mg/L, 2 to 10 mg/L and 3 to 15 mg/L, respectively, on the maximum specific growth rate of the S. cerevisiae PE-2 strain.
Estudo químico e ecológico de Escovopsis spp., invasor do jardim de fungos de formigas cortadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-02)
Santos, Ana Carolina Alves do
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Vieira, Paulo Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6169045230374129
Microorganisms associated to leaf cutting ants comprise an important source of antifungal and antibacterial compounds due to the environment they are inserted in. The fungal garden is composed by a complex microbial network in which, can be found, at least, a mutualistic fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus), a specialized parasite (Escovopsis spp.), symbionts actinomycetes (Pseudonocardia and Streptomyces spp.) and many other microbes with still unknown ecological functions. Among these, we highlight the fungi belonging to the genus Escovopsis, due to their ability to bring nests to death when infected. In spite of its potential to produce antimicrobial agents, until now there is no reports about the chemical mediators produced by Escovopsis that are involved in this ecological relationship. Thus, aiming to better understanding the chemical-ecology of Escovopsis spp., two species from this genus (E. microspora and E. weberi) were investigated on their metabolomics and chemical-ecology aspects. Through metabolomics studies, it was possible to isolate and identify several secondary metabolites such as anthraquinones, aza-anthraquinones, polyketides, diketopiperazines, terpene-indole alkaloid, among others. On the other hand, coculture experiments between E. weberi and L. gongylophorus led to the isolation and identification of two compounds (melinacidin IV and shearinine D) which are upregulated in the presence of the symbiont fungus. Despite the fact they don’t display antifungal activity against L. gongylophorus, these metabolites inhibit the growth of bacteria responsible for the nest protection (Pseudonocardia spp.). Therefore, these substances may play a role in the ecological war between the microorganisms living in the leaf-cutting ants fungal garden.
A matemática e o futebol: aprendendo matemática com as cobranças de pênaltis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-02)
Zola, Fausto Lombardo
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
In this work, having as a guideline the football penalty kicks, is presented the idealization, the development, the application and the results analysis of a didactic sequence in order to teach and recover some mathematical concepts. As final product a penalty simulator in GeoGebra and five activity sheets were obtained, which were applied in two classes of the second year of high school in a private school in Bebedouro/SP.
Microplanejamento de estradas florestais por meio de geotecnologias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-02)
Américo, Carla
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Thiersch, Claudio Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8791966697254106
;
Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
Forest roads, when are not well structured and allocated, can become potential sources of environmental impacts, mainly related to water dynamics and sediment production. The environmental analyses subsidize the land-use planning which contributes to the control of the undesirable geodynamic processes as the erosion. In this context, the study aimed at the definition of critical areas to forest roads allocation, considering relief, hydrography, and soil characteristics of a landscape (i.e. forest farm of study). We mapped these aspects, that supported the following criteria map generation: slope, erodibility, distance to the flow accumulation water, and aspect. Some criteria were aggregated through Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), a Multicriteria Method (MCE), producing the final map of critical areas to allocated roads, which had its accuracy verified by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis. According to the mapping, the farm was classified in the following levels of criticality: 39,46% high, 29,68% average, 15,61% low, 10,90% very high, 4,14% very low, 0,14% extremely low, and 0,06% extremely high. Yet the roads currently located in the area were classified as the following criticality levels: 37,79% high; 21,78% average; 17,43% low, 15,23% very high; 6,97% very low, 0,43% extremely low, and 0,36% extremely high. The ROC analysis showed a statistically significant accuracy of the mapping, indicating that the criteria represented the critical characteristics of the landscape. We concluded that WLC method can be used in the forest road network planning, considering the critical aspects of the landscape, ensuring its soil and water conservation.
Impactos da mudança do uso e cobertura do solo na emissão de óxido nitroso e abundância de bactérias desnitrificantes no solo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-03)
Nishisaka, Caroline Sayuri
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Carmo, Janaina Braga do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903
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Navarrete, Acacio Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2264331242602494
Agriculture is responsible for 80% of nitrous oxide emissions on earth's atmosphere, the most potential greenhouse gas among the three main gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O). Citriculture and silviculture play an important role on Brazilian economics due to the high demand of orange and wood products for exportation. Thus, in order to get a better understand about the role of those cultures on N2O emission, this research aims to evaluate N2O emissions from Citrus sinensis and Eucalyptus spp. crops, adjacent forests of each agriculture field were used as control. Citrus and eucalyptus sites are located in Sorocaba and Salto de Pirapora municipality, both in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. In each agriculture field and adjacent forest, eight static chambers were randomly installed, and gas sample were collected during dry and wet region season. Soil samples were collected in each field of study from five random sampling points, for further physicochemical, molecular analysis and microcosm incubation. Gas samples were collected from microcosm after moisture adjustment in 70% of field capacity. All gas samples were analyzed by gas chromatography technique. The number of copies of genes related to denitrifying process (nirK, nirS e nosZ) was determined by quantitative real time PCR. Seasonality had significant (P<0.05) influence on N2O emission in field, and N2O fluxes in incubated soil. It was observed positive correlation among dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration on soil, soil and plant residue total carbon and nitrogen content and N2O emissions. High nirK, nirS and nosZ gene abundance was found on soil collected during wet season, comparing to those collected on dry season, in both field and microcosm, which was correlated with DOC content and soil moisture. However, there were not significant differences on genes abundance comparisons between cultivated soils and adjacent forests. In conclusion, the seasonality has influence in both N2O emission and denitrifying bacteria abundance present in citrus- and eucalyptus-cultivated soils, mainly through the effects on soil and plant residue physicochemical characteristics, especially those related to COD and soil moisture.
O uso de resíduo de construção civil como substituto de agregados naturais em concretos: avaliação de alguns parâmetros de durabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-03)
Nanya, Carolina Shimomura
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Capuzzo, Valdirene Maria Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9977729587548984
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Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763
The concern about the environmental impacts generated by the construction industry, which traditionally requires large quantities of raw materials and usually generate a large amount of waste, motivated the development of the Solid Waste National Policy that regulates and seek for sustainable solutions that can mitigate these effects. Additionally to this is the increased inspection of waste disposal and the interest of construction companies in reducing their costs, so the use of the recycled aggregate in the production of conventional concrete, appears as an alternative source of raw material. The research was developed with the objective of studying the influence of the use of recycled aggregates of construction and demolition waste in concrete submitted to different aggressive agents. The study presents the granulometric and physical characteristics of fine and coarse aggregates, being the recycled coarse aggregates were obtained from the process of recycling waste from the construction industry and collected at the provider Sand Beautiful View, located in Sobradinho, northern region of Brasília. After the characterization of the materials, the concrete test specimens were dosed by mass, with the substitution of the recycled aggregates in volume, in five replacement contents of the coarse recycled aggregate (0%, 30%, 50%, 70% e 100%). The water cement ratio considered was 0,55 and it was considered an additional amount of water obtained from tests of absorption with the recycled aggregate. In order to maintain the workability it was used superplasticizer additive. It was analyzed the following properties: compressive strength, diametric compression tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, absorption of water by capillarity, water absorption, voids index and specific mass, depth of ions chloride, carbonation and electrical resistivity. The results showed the feasibility of the use of the recycled coarse aggregate in the concrete production, considering the mechanical properties of the concretes, since it complies with the requirements specified in NBR 12655: 2015, and also the durability, since the results indicate low (CEB 192) and moderate (COST 509) risk of corrosion, and the depth of penetration of chloride ions as well as the carbonation did not exceed the concrete cover thickness. The substitution content of 30% of recycled aggregate presented better results from a mechanical and durability point of view and present to be the ideal replacement contend for the construction and demolition waste.
Alfabetização científica por meio da gastronomia molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-04)
Bernardo, Antonio Rogério
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5791478260729953
Molecular gastronomy is the science that studies physical and chemical processes involved in Culinary, with the purpose of optimizing the preparation and use of food, as well as standardizing the outcome of recipes, as cooks/scientists can predict better results for their dishes based on scientific theories. Scientific literacy is the understanding of science and the ways that scientific knowledge can be handled in order to promote ethics, reflection and expansion of individual skills for daily application. In this work, molecular gastronomy helped introduce students to the scientific literacy process, both by bringing science closer to their reality and by approaching topics that are relevant for teaching several science branches, such as: fermentation, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, solutions, molecular interactions etc. The molecular gastronomy experiences took place at the State School Orlando da Costa Telles in the town of Ibaté, State of São Paulo, with ten high school students, having the goal of analyzing their scientific literacy through molecular gastronomy and evaluating its efficiency. As a concrete result, a recipe book was prepared in the course of the experiences, containing all scientific conclusions discussed in the classes. This book is also availabe for use by teachers in future practical classes. By the end of this work, it could be observed that most of the students felt encouraged to participate actively and reflectively in the scientific practics and showed understanding of culinary processes, which suggests that they had acquired scientific literacy to the extent of comprehending individual and collective impacts caused by science and technology.