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Ensino de mandos a crianças com Autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Gomes, Máyra Laís de Carvalho; Verdu, Ana Cláudia Moreira Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3777028853675653; Domeniconi, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0501936042511201
The emission of mands benefits all speakers including children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) allowing them to have access to specific reinforcers. It is also believed that the fluency in the emission of mands can facilitate the learning of other verbal operants and also decrease the frequency of disruptive behaviors. The purpose of this dissertation was based on the teaching of the mand verbal operant for children with ASD and limited verbal repertoire in order to extend the use of more socially appropriate mands and to verify if this had some relation with the emission of disruptive behaviors and with the emission of other verbal operants. Three studies were carried out with complementary objectives and procedures applied to participants within the age group of four to eight years old. In general, the teaching procedure occurred in an individualized way, with baseline and intervention sessions, through mand training with prompting and prompt delay. The delay in the presentation of the prompts occurred in a gradual way, in order to produce opportunities for the child to respond independently and more spontaneously under the control of the motivational operation. The results of the three studies indicated an increase in the average frequency of emission of mands (respectively, from minimum to maximum: 3-135.6; 0.6-50.6; 0.1-9.2), which were related in the reverse direction with the disruptive behaviors. From this teaching, there was still a minimal emergency of tact and intraverbal. However, this study presented limitations, especially in the absence of programming of conditions that promote vocal generalization to other environments, in addition to the teaching environment.
Contexto matemático inserido na vivência de agrimensura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Lucisano, Silvana Valdívia Najar; Salvador, José Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158
The Surveying Experience can be seen as part of the Science of Nature and Mathematics of the High School curriculum, and allows the student to know how to create the "map", object of use for the construction of various types of works. The present work has as objective to approach an experience in the field, of activities with mathematical concepts, mainly of the trigonometry and the geometry, that are used in the practice of the Surveying, clarifying to the student, the importance and the application of the same ones. This experience was developed with a group of students from the first grade of a private school, whose proposal is based on the teaching process of Waldorf pedagogy, which suggests, mainly, to teach some external classes, such as an extension of the classroom. Various instruments were used to measure terrains, such as theodolite, trena, sights, beacon, as well as materials for drawings such as square, protractor, compass, scaler, ruler and others. Through this work, one can perceive the great interest and a new look of the students in this area of mathematics, which makes it possible and effective.
O campo científico de Educação Infantil no Brasil (1981/2010)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Moletta, Ana Keli; Bittar, Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3113005770690752
The objective of this study was to analyze the Work Group on Education of Children from 0 to 6 years (GT07, acronym in Portuguese), of the National Association for Graduate Studies and Research in Education (ANPEd, acronym in Portuguese), over a period of twenty-nine years (1981-2010), identifying its practice, conflicts, struggle for hegemony, and academic research in the scientific field of early childhood education in Brazil. The relationship structure dynamics between group subjects was analyzed through Academic Genealogy, an auxiliary science of History that studies the origin, evolution, and dissemination of interrelated groups. Our theoretical reference was based on the contributions of Pierre Bourdieu on the notion of academic field, political field and field of power, as well as on other authors who contribute to the understanding of the scientific space and its product, science (PRICE, 1976; VOSLENSKY, 1980; LATOUR, 1994). It was a qualitative research, characterized as documentary and bibliographical, involving the collection of a series of data, such as: official documents; newspaper clippings; ANPEd bulletins; ANPEd notebooks and annals; curricula that make up the Lattes Platform of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; journals; meetings, events and field-specific research networks; as well as works in the field of early childhood education. We argue that a dispute over the scientific monopoly in the field of early childhood education in Brazil ended up creating and extending hegemonic positions within this space, turning certain discourses into working mechanisms, and suppressing or neglecting opposing ways of thinking. Since early childhood education is still a field under construction in our country, the discussion and contribution of different types of knowledge is deemed indispensable to foster new debates, providing greater visibility and thus greater legitimacy to this field.
Caracterização funcional de uma Cisteíno Catepsina recombinante da formiga cortadeira Atta Sexdens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Correa, Katia Celina Santos; Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0966814862792006
Cutting ants depend on plant leaves to survive, presenting high damage power in agricultural productions, natural and planted forest. The control of these insects through the use of commercial insecticides besides being toxic, it is not selective. Cathepsin L, an enzyme of the cysteine peptidase family, is known to be active in the degradation of embryonic vitellin, in the tissue remodeling, in the reproductive processes and in the cuticle degradation during insect moulting, which make this enzyme an excellent target for the study of promising inhibitors. The cathepsin sequence from Acromyrmex echinator was used to design primers, that together cDNA of the A. sexdens, were used for amplification of the ORF encoding a cathepsin L of the ant A. sexdens by PCR. The ORF called CathL is expressed in the ant developmental stages (larvae, pupae, adult), and is present in parts of the adult insect (head, mesosoma, gaster). The gene was amplified using genomic DNA extracted from the ant's head and used as a template molecule in the PCR, suggesting that the ORF comes from the ant and not from the fungus L. gongylophorus with whom it lives in symbiosis. The ORF was cloned into vector pET32a and the recombinant enzyme AsCathL was expressed in E. coli mainly as inclusion bodies, and through refolding, a purified proenzyme of 52 kDa was obtained with final yield of 5 mg/L. Activation of the protein allowed the removal of the N-terminal pro-enzyme AsCathL on acidic conditions and showed hydrolytic activity in vitro towards the synthetic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC. The enzyme showed higher proteinase activity at pH 4.5. Inhibition assays of the enzymatic activity were carried out using six recombinant sugarcane canacistatins, which demonstrated to be excellent cathepsin inhibitors, with Ki ranging from 2,95 nM to 0,6 nM. The obtained results show perspectives to the pursuit of more knowledge about that cysteine peptidase, an important objective for the studies on the insect control.
Prevalência, fatores associados à dor e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Pereira, Aliny Cristini; Hortense, Priscilla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6567415003986220
People living with HIV/aids have several persistent symptoms that develop during the course of illness, with pain being one of those symptoms that may be related to changes in health and mood-related quality of life. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of pain in 302 people living with HIV / AIDS, aged between 18 and 59 years old, who were treated at a specialized care service in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, and analyzed their relationship with depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life. A sociodemographic questionnaire, a clinician, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Brief Pain Inventory and the HIV/Aids Targeted Quality of Life were used as instruments. The data collection period occurred from January to July 2017. Concerning pain, 59.27% of the subjects reported pain, of mild intensity, recurrent in the region of the head and with interference in mood. Pain was significantly correlated with sex (p = 0.0038), schooling (p = 0.0001), time of antiretroviral treatment (p = 0.0448), prevalence of depressive symptoms (p <0.0001), quality (p <0.0001), health concern (p <0.0001), financial concern (p <0.0001), HIV acceptance (p = 0.0021), life satisfaction), concern about secrecy (p = 0.0021) and sexual activity (p = 0.0009). As for multiple logistic regression, the increase in one point in the overall score of the HIV/Aids Targeted Quality of Life instrument decreased the chance of pain reports (OR = 0.96, p <0.0001) by 4%. Women had a 79% higher chance of reporting pain (OR = 1.79, p = 0.03) and when the variable health-related quality of life was disregarded, women reported 89% more pain than men (OR = 1.89, p = 0.017). On the levels of this pain, women were 2.07 times more likely to report moderate or severe pain than men (OR = 2.07, p = 0.014). As for schooling, people living with HIV / AIDS with a higher level of school education presented a 35% less chance of reporting pain (OR = 0.65, p = 0.922). People living with HIV / AIDS who scored ≥ 9 on the PHQ-9 instrument had a chance to report 2.11 times greater than those who scored <9 (OR = 2.11, p = 0.004) and 2, 48 times more likely to be moderate and severe (OR = 2.48, p = 0.002). People living with HIV / AIDS above 49 years of age presented complaints of pain ranging from moderate to severe, approximately 4 times more than young people (reference ≤ 29 years) (OR = 3.85, p = 0.008). As income increased, there was a decrease in the claim for moderate and severe pain (OR = 0.21, p = 0.038). In general, we can conclude that the prevalence of pain in the studied population is related to a worse level of health-related quality of life and to the development of depressive symptoms.
A relação da satisfação das condições de caminhabilidade com a qualidade do bairro para caminhada em um município de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Jacob, Juliana Bevilacqua; Sanches, Suely da Penha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7559826582418817
The walk can become an enjoyable activity if the public space have characteristics that facilitate the individual to walk through your neighborhood. In the literature, validated instruments of perception and evaluation of walking environments are found to measure the quality of the walking environment. Instruments for perceiving a walking environment were developed by researchers to assess what the pedestrian thinks about the quality of their neighborhood for walking. Instruments of evaluation of the walking environment were developed to measure the quality of the pedestrian infrastructure or the walkability through the determination of the level of service, achieved by technical evaluation. This paper presents the application of an instrument for the perception of the quality of the walking environment (NEWS– Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale) and the application of a walking environment audit instrument (developed by Nanya, 2016) in a small city. The goal was to identify if there are differences of quality´s perception for walking and the evaluation of the walking environment in different districts of the city. From the statistical tests (kappa = 0.65), it was verified that the general satisfaction of the walking quality of the neighborhood (what the pedestrians think) and the general quality of the neighborhood (audit) has good agreement, where is perceived corresponds to the reality of the general satisfaction of the neighborhood for walking.
A atuação de psicólogo bilíngue no atendimento terapêutico à pessoa surda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Tostes, Raissa Siqueira; Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366267906155793
Since the approbation of a law that recognized the Brazilian Sign Language - Libras, in 2002, the number of psychology professionals has increased thanks to the possibility of attending the deaf people through sign language. However, as the recognition is recent, there is a shortage of bibliography, training opportunities and academic research on the subject. This qualitative and exploratory study aims to analyze and discuss the performance of the bilingual psychologist in the care of the deaf. This research was built with historical-cultural theoretical basis, especially from Vygotsky's and Bakhtin's point of view, taking the subject as constituted by language and social relations, with steady production and reproduction of subjective senses. The deaf, from birth and conviviality with different languages - being one of comfort and another majoritarian - is inevitably immersed in complex macro politics where it faces multiple ideologies, choices, expectations, obstacles, actions imposed or offered by others. For the purpose of diving into the lived experiences of bilingual psychologists, I proposed to develop a dialogue with them through interviews in Libras directed to four professionals of psychology, in which they related their experiences, challenges, possibilities and limits in the therapeutic care to the deaf person, all of them were recorded on videotapes and translated into Portuguese. Through a set of data collected in the interviews, I chose five circumstances in order to analyze and discuss, they were divided into two thematic axes entitled: the relationship between the psychologist and the language of the deaf in the therapeutic context and the challenges, possibilities and limits of action of the psychologist in the care of the deaf person. The analyzes and considerations on the performance of the bilingual psychologist have led to notice that there is a risk of reinforcing the subordination of the deaf to other people's choices and, on the other hand, by favoring their emancipation, emphasizing the importance of the bilingual psychologist comprehend the deaf in his bilingual daily life and understand him in the social situations in which he lives and understand how the production of subjective senses occurs in the various social, linguistic, affective and cultural spaces.
Picramnia glazioviana and Picramnia bahiensis as source for new natural products. Insecticidal and fungicidal evaluations and High-Resolution Bioassay/HPLC-HRMS-SPE/NMR studies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Gimenes, Leila; Fernandes, João Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4578530150842037
Leaf-cutting ants of the genus Atta and Acromyrmex are considered the most important pests in agriculture, pastures, and reforestation programs due to the defoliation caused by the uncontrolled herbivory that the plants undergo, causing damages to the plantations and serious economic losses. In this context, the chemistry of natural products corroborates to minimize this problem with respect to the development of products for the control of leaf-cutting ants with broad spectrum characteristics of biological activities, and low environmental impact. In this work, the insecticide and fungicide profile of the extracts from P. glazioviana and P. bahiensis were evaluated. P. glazioviana showed a promising insecticidal activity to its ethanol extract, and to the dichloromethane (PGD) and ethyl acetate (PGA) phases. P. bahiensis, on the other hand, presented excellent activities to its extracts and fractions in both bioassays analyzed. These results encouraged the phytochemical study and isolation of the constituents present in both these species of plants. Thus, the study with P. bahiensis yielded the isolation of five known anthraquinones (chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, islandicin, pulmatin and chrysophanein) and two new anthrones C,O-diglycosides. In relation to P. glazioviana, from the PGD phase it was isolated twenty two new highly oxygenated nortriterpenes, compounds that present new chemical skeleton, and the biogenesis for the formation of these compounds was proposed. This is the first report of isolation of nortriterpenes in plants of the Picramniaceae family. Once it was discovered a new chemical skeleton of natural products, an achievement that brings huge contribution to the chemosystematics of this plant and to the chemistry of natural products as a whole. The HPLC-HRMS-SPE/NMR technique was also performed to this phase, allowing us to isolate and acquire excellent NMR spectra in few days of experiment, and high degree of purity for each compound. The PGD phase was also analyzed by high-resolution PTP1B, α-glucosidase and antibacterial bioassay. Although the construction of the biochromatogram has not indicated the presence of antidiabetic constituents in this phase, some constituents with antibacterial potential could be pinpointed through the biochromatogram against Staphylococcus aureus. This result is very promising regarding the discovery of new natural products with important biological activities. The high-resolution bioassay was also evaluated to the methanol extract from roots of P. bahiensis with the enzymes PTP1B and α-glucosidase, and some constituents could be pinpointed after the construction of the biochromatogram. Thus, this is the first work presenting the evaluation of Picramnia species exhibiting an antidiabetic potential.
Segmentação e quantificação de tecidos da coxa e abdômen em imagens de tomografia computadorizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Felinto, Jonas de Carvalho; Ferrari, Ricardo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9162758689086793
The quantification of adipose and muscular tissues is of great importance in clinical practice and assists in the diagnosis of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and, osteoarthritis. The use of Computed Tomography (CT) imaging has become indispensable for the quantification of such tissues and is currently considered the gold standard in clinical practice. CT imaging is able to produce results with high accuracy, with high soft tissue contrast, lower financial cost and time-wise efficiency when compared to MRI. Currently, the quantification of tissues is performed manually by a specialized radiologist with limited help of the computer and therefore has several limitations. For this reason, several researchers have turned their efforts to the development of automatic techniques of tissue segmentation. Some automatic techniques presented in the literature show high correlation values between automatic segmentation results and manual specialist markings, but the results were obtained using few images and to date none of these techniques are available to the medical community. In this context, this research aims to create a computational technique that allows automatic segmentation and quantification of thigh and abdomen tissues in CT images. This technique combines morphological operations, thresholding, a Gaussian mixture model and the use of an accumulator matrix with the projection of digital lines to classify each fat voxel in relation to its position to other tissues. Subsequently, a quantitative evaluation was done using 144 thigh images extracted from 72 thighs CT scans (left and right) and 15 CT images from the abdomen. All images were manually segmented by a specialist using image editing software and used for further comparative analysis. The precision results for the masks that delimit the thigh and fascia and that delimit the abdomenm and the visceral region are 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. Also, the coefficient of similarity of dice for these areas was close to 0.98.
Licenciandas em pedagogia na Rede de Aprendizagem da Docência (ReAD): compreensões sobre a docência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-04-27) Marini, Carolina; Anunciato, Rosa Maria Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3665277442463027
The objective of the this dissertation is to investigate what is the comprehension Pedagogy students have on subjects related to teaching and its characteristics: professionalism and the process of teaching professionalization, teacher training and teacher education, teacher’s professional identity, teachers’ continuing professional development. The data that were analyzed consist of narratives written by graduate students, produced in the context of a blended learning (on-line) environment, the “Rede de Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento da Docência” (ReAD). The ReAD promotes intergerational partnership (interactions between Primary School teachers – both experienced and beginner teachers – and Pedagogy/Education undergraduate students), based on a blended learning perspective (combining aspects of face-to-face synchronous interactions with on-line asynchronous interactions), working as a hybrid space where the gap between educational sciences/theory and teacher’s practice/knowledge is reduced. The data shows that ReAD actually worked as a learning environment, because its participants were able to exchange information, experience and knowledge in the course of on-line interactions (intergerational partnership). It also shows that ReAD helped the students build their professional identity as future teachers, since they were able to think about teachers’ practice through different themes and perspectives. For that reason, the students were able to make projections about what kind of teacher they would like to be and/or what kind of teachers’ practice they would like to put into practice when they become teachers. When they were able to talk about teacher training, they described what kind of education they were been receiving and what kind of education they believe that should be offered to Pedagogy/Education undergraduate students. Their thoughts on teachers’ professional development are: they believe it happens as a continuing process, so learning (how) to be a teacher is something that doesn’t happen only during higher education (Brazilian licentiate degree), because teachers are able to learn more about their practice as they become more experienced. The students were also able to reveal their thoughts about what a teacher is (or should be), what it takes to be a teacher.