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Impactos da mudança do uso e cobertura do solo na emissão de óxido nitroso e abundância de bactérias desnitrificantes no solo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-03)
Nishisaka, Caroline Sayuri
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Carmo, Janaina Braga do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903
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Navarrete, Acacio Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2264331242602494
Agriculture is responsible for 80% of nitrous oxide emissions on earth's atmosphere, the most potential greenhouse gas among the three main gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O). Citriculture and silviculture play an important role on Brazilian economics due to the high demand of orange and wood products for exportation. Thus, in order to get a better understand about the role of those cultures on N2O emission, this research aims to evaluate N2O emissions from Citrus sinensis and Eucalyptus spp. crops, adjacent forests of each agriculture field were used as control. Citrus and eucalyptus sites are located in Sorocaba and Salto de Pirapora municipality, both in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. In each agriculture field and adjacent forest, eight static chambers were randomly installed, and gas sample were collected during dry and wet region season. Soil samples were collected in each field of study from five random sampling points, for further physicochemical, molecular analysis and microcosm incubation. Gas samples were collected from microcosm after moisture adjustment in 70% of field capacity. All gas samples were analyzed by gas chromatography technique. The number of copies of genes related to denitrifying process (nirK, nirS e nosZ) was determined by quantitative real time PCR. Seasonality had significant (P<0.05) influence on N2O emission in field, and N2O fluxes in incubated soil. It was observed positive correlation among dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration on soil, soil and plant residue total carbon and nitrogen content and N2O emissions. High nirK, nirS and nosZ gene abundance was found on soil collected during wet season, comparing to those collected on dry season, in both field and microcosm, which was correlated with DOC content and soil moisture. However, there were not significant differences on genes abundance comparisons between cultivated soils and adjacent forests. In conclusion, the seasonality has influence in both N2O emission and denitrifying bacteria abundance present in citrus- and eucalyptus-cultivated soils, mainly through the effects on soil and plant residue physicochemical characteristics, especially those related to COD and soil moisture.
O uso de resíduo de construção civil como substituto de agregados naturais em concretos: avaliação de alguns parâmetros de durabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-03)
Nanya, Carolina Shimomura
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Capuzzo, Valdirene Maria Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9977729587548984
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Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763
The concern about the environmental impacts generated by the construction industry, which traditionally requires large quantities of raw materials and usually generate a large amount of waste, motivated the development of the Solid Waste National Policy that regulates and seek for sustainable solutions that can mitigate these effects. Additionally to this is the increased inspection of waste disposal and the interest of construction companies in reducing their costs, so the use of the recycled aggregate in the production of conventional concrete, appears as an alternative source of raw material. The research was developed with the objective of studying the influence of the use of recycled aggregates of construction and demolition waste in concrete submitted to different aggressive agents. The study presents the granulometric and physical characteristics of fine and coarse aggregates, being the recycled coarse aggregates were obtained from the process of recycling waste from the construction industry and collected at the provider Sand Beautiful View, located in Sobradinho, northern region of Brasília. After the characterization of the materials, the concrete test specimens were dosed by mass, with the substitution of the recycled aggregates in volume, in five replacement contents of the coarse recycled aggregate (0%, 30%, 50%, 70% e 100%). The water cement ratio considered was 0,55 and it was considered an additional amount of water obtained from tests of absorption with the recycled aggregate. In order to maintain the workability it was used superplasticizer additive. It was analyzed the following properties: compressive strength, diametric compression tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, absorption of water by capillarity, water absorption, voids index and specific mass, depth of ions chloride, carbonation and electrical resistivity. The results showed the feasibility of the use of the recycled coarse aggregate in the concrete production, considering the mechanical properties of the concretes, since it complies with the requirements specified in NBR 12655: 2015, and also the durability, since the results indicate low (CEB 192) and moderate (COST 509) risk of corrosion, and the depth of penetration of chloride ions as well as the carbonation did not exceed the concrete cover thickness. The substitution content of 30% of recycled aggregate presented better results from a mechanical and durability point of view and present to be the ideal replacement contend for the construction and demolition waste.
Alfabetização científica por meio da gastronomia molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-04)
Bernardo, Antonio Rogério
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5791478260729953
Molecular gastronomy is the science that studies physical and chemical processes involved in Culinary, with the purpose of optimizing the preparation and use of food, as well as standardizing the outcome of recipes, as cooks/scientists can predict better results for their dishes based on scientific theories. Scientific literacy is the understanding of science and the ways that scientific knowledge can be handled in order to promote ethics, reflection and expansion of individual skills for daily application. In this work, molecular gastronomy helped introduce students to the scientific literacy process, both by bringing science closer to their reality and by approaching topics that are relevant for teaching several science branches, such as: fermentation, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, solutions, molecular interactions etc. The molecular gastronomy experiences took place at the State School Orlando da Costa Telles in the town of Ibaté, State of São Paulo, with ten high school students, having the goal of analyzing their scientific literacy through molecular gastronomy and evaluating its efficiency. As a concrete result, a recipe book was prepared in the course of the experiences, containing all scientific conclusions discussed in the classes. This book is also availabe for use by teachers in future practical classes. By the end of this work, it could be observed that most of the students felt encouraged to participate actively and reflectively in the scientific practics and showed understanding of culinary processes, which suggests that they had acquired scientific literacy to the extent of comprehending individual and collective impacts caused by science and technology.
Pré-posicionamento e aquisição de suprimentos na cadeia humanitária brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-04)
Pérez, Andrés Felipe García
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Toso, Eli Angela Vitor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6663631731115739
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Alem Junior, Douglas José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0744448264150067
In the Brazilian humanitarian chain, product flows from the private sector to victims of disasters are only allowed on the hypothesis that a bidding process with the public sphere was carried out. The proposal of this work is a mixed-integer linear programming approach, for the supply of aid in disaster areas via acquisition and / or pre-positioning, with the purpose of integrating location of deposits decisions and evaluating the trade-off between the aids bought before and after the disaster, from the agreements between suppliers and the Brazilian Civil Defense. Location of deposits is treated under a localization approach of maximum coverage with the time of attendance to the victims being a limiting factor. Beyond location of deposits, is also considered its size to be opened. There are considered restrictions of geographical and product fairness, for a fair distribution of a budget available, common in the governmental scope. Results shows the need to maintain strategic stocks in certain Brazilians states, guaranteeing time satisfaction in emergencies products according to the stablished parameters.
Reflexões sobre os verbos 'gustar' e 'gostar': expressão de sentimentos por chilenos e brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-04)
Silva, Laís Denise Alexandre Marcolino da
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Yokota, Rosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6327030598320767
La proximidad entre lenguas puede llevar al uso inadecuado em lengua extranjera en contextos específicos, y generar fallos en la comunicación entre los interlocutores o hasta malentendidos. En el contexto brasileño, aprendices de español como lengua extranjera (E/LE) se deparan con tal situación, a causa de la 'transparencia engañosa', en las palabras de Kulikowski; González (1999), existente entre las lenguas portuguesa y española. La referida 'transparencia' puede ser observada de manera más específica en los verbos 'gostar' y 'gustar', objetos de estudio del presente trabajo.
Dinâmicas territoriais e os corredores verdes como modelos de estruturação espacial urbana: abordagens inter-relacionais na cidade de Araraquara-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-04)
Menzori, Ivan Damasco
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Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370542802488644
In Brazil, the appropriation of city by the urban-legal order is inserted in a scenario of recurring conflicts of interest. Practices of city production reveal experiences with economic interests strongly linked to the dynamics of urban growth. The establishment of this scenario favored the practices of capital reproduction through real estate speculation, in which urban sprawl provides new urbanized peripheries, which invade the greenbelts while reserving well-located, empty or underused urban voids, for the extraction of capital gains. Thus, new urbanized areas, even more distant, draw the boundaries for the urban territory and the reproduction of real estate capital, fragmenting the urban vegetation and compromising its environmental functions. In this theme and context, the intent of this research is associated to contributing to the knowledge of the territorial dynamics, with an integrated and transdisciplinary approach, in the ambit of the urban environmental planning of Araraquara city. The analyzes contemplated the urban environmental zoning of the 2005 Master Plan (PD) and its compact and sustainable city production strategies, as well as detailed analyzes of land use and land cover of urban green infrastructures represented by Ecological Integration Corridors (Ciecos), of the urban evolution of Araraquara, and the urban insertion of Special Areas of Social Interest (AEIS), in order to provide comparisons and diagnoses between the current situation of the aforementioned elements with the most up-to-date physical bases, representative of the most notable environmental vulnerabilities. The results indicate that since 2014, with the revocation followed by a review of the master plan, several areas of environmental control had their parameters changed, or suffered considerable reductions, turning irresolute the land use and land cover guidelines. Moreover, analyzes show expansionist strategies towards an extremely peripheral, environmentally vulnerable region characterized by gentrification and socio-spatial segregation through clusters of low-income social housing units, antagonizing the precepts of the City Statute. Regarding the Ciecos’ mapping, it was identified that 81.6% of the Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and 59.6% of Ciecos did not present characteristics of recent anthropic use. And the transdisciplinary analyzes on the territorial dynamics, focusing on the Ciecos as an open space system and green infrastructure, continued to show the current conjuncture of the territory within several fields of knowledge in Urban Engineering, listing the main socio-environmental weaknesses and threats of the urban context, as well as strengths and opportunities intrinsic to the Ciecos, that can incite a course correction as powerful agents of change and a source of progress in the urban life.
Modelos preditivos para LGD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-04)
Silva, João Flávio Andrade
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2309570131364286
Financial institutions willing to use the advanced Internal Ratings Based (IRB) need to develop methods to estimate the LGD (Loss Given Default) risk component. Proposals for PD (Probability of default) modeling have been presented since the 1950s, in contrast, LGD’s forecast has received more attention only after the publication of the Basel II Accord. LGD also has a small literature, compared to PD, and there is no efficient method in terms of accuracy and interpretation such as logistic regression for PD. Regression models for LGD play a key role in the risk management of financial institutions, due to their importance this work proposes a methodology to quantify the LGD risk component. Considering the characteristics reported on the distribution of LGD and in the flexible form that the beta distribution may assume, we propose a methodology for estimation of LGD using the zero inflated bimodal beta regression model. We developed the zero inflated bimodal beta distribution, presented some properties, including moments, defined estimators via maximum likelihood and constructed the regression model for this probabilistic model, presented asymptotic confidence intervals and hypothesis test for this model, as well as selection criteria of models, we performed a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters of the zero inflated bimodal beta distribution. For comparison with our proposal we selected the beta regression models and inflated beta regression, which are more usual approaches, and the SVR algorithm, due to the significant superiority reported in other studies.
Vão-se os anéis, ficam os dedos: reconfiguração da elite empresarial brasileira pós financeirização econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-04)
Julian, Erica Ambiel
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5243693744850673
In Brazil, the elite helped building policies. In order to get benefits for different sectors, the agents seek ways to get some power spaces, integrating influence spaces or occupying some strategic positions and chairs, such as councils, elected offices and class representation. This construction of specific policies for certain sectors is done with the direct or indirect help from the opinion of their most outstanding representatives. Understanding how elite influence the government actions is important to project the influence of the elite in the state political formation. In relation to the economic elite, it is possible to verify this assertion by observing the relation between the business people and the political groups. The entrepreneurs become relevant agents upon the national political thought, boosting the country’s directions, advising the governments that focus on development, creating discourses on behalf of economic interests. By analysing how they act in the political scenario, it is possible to perceive that the action is adapted to the context, distinguishing the ways of operating the relations between political and economic spaces according to the temporary cut. Therefore, it is possible to see that, almost in an instinctive form, the economic elite, or business people, use different entries to the political environment to defend their interests. In this work, we will explore how the economic elite have access to the political elite or to the entries to the political field. Gerdau is a one-hundred-year familiar company that, after the financialization of its operations and a bigger internationalization, has suffered organizational changes that have resulted in a significantly changing in its management staff. Gerdau has one of the most recognized representatives of the corporate class in the country, Jorge Gerdau Johannpeter, who takes part in the organization evolution and has already been director and president and, currently, is an advisor to the Group. In observing his biography, it is possible to understand that the agent's form of action, coming from the economic elite that transfers capital to the political field, is modified according to the institutional changes that politics imposes on the nation state. This conclusion was obtained after the data collection, found through the media collection made available by the Brazilian Digital Library (Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira da FundaçãoBiblioteca Nacional) and other sources.
Subsídios para o Programa de Monitoramento e Gestão do Uso Público do Parque Natural Morro do Osso, Porto Alegre, RS.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-07)
Nascimento, Cristina Alves
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Canto-Silva, Celson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0403780115544325
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Toppa, Rogério Hartung
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729
The Morro do Osso Natural Park is a Conservation Unit located in the middle of the intense urbanization of Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The area is rich in conserved environments and of fundamental importance for the native flora and fauna, being open to visitation. However, there are no studies dealing with the impacts that this current and past use causes on the trails. Considering this, this study aimed to generate subsidies for the elaboration of the Public Use Monitoring and Management Program of the area, with the specific objectives of characterizing the visitor profile and the visitors of its Environmental Education Trail and evaluating impact indicators of public use in the their trails. Were analyzed the Park Service records, between 2006 and 2015, and applied 125 questionnaires, between June 2015 and May 2016. he area has seen a significant increase in the number of visitors scheduled in the last decade, ranging from 693 in 2006 to 2,114 in 2015. The main category of visitors was educational institutions, predominantly of fundamental level and public. The visitors are mostly female and under 15 years old, being characterized as elementary school students. They live in Porto Alegre, but they visit the area for the first time, usually with their educational institution, the main source of publicity of the Park. Cultural and educational activities are the most practiced, evidencing the link of the actions developed in the trail with the formal Environmental Education. In addition, between June 2015 and June 2016, the determination initial monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness of use of four indicators in the Park: solid residues, trail width, visible erosion and unofficial trails. The solid residues, visible erosion and unofficial trails indicators presented low standards on both trails. The trail width was normal on the Fonte Trail and big on the Eixo Central Trail. No indicators were corrected by the number of visitors. The trail width and visible erosion indicators sented correlation with climatic factors. It was therefore concluded that possibly the public use of the Park is not generating significant impacts on its trails, so that the conservation of the environment is being maintained through the resilience capacity of the ecosystem itself. It is suggested that the impacts monitoring used in this study be maintained, being the survey presented here defined as the initial monitoring of the Monitoring and Public Use Program of the Morro do Osso Natural Park.. The visitation management proved to be a good example at the national level, given the existence of detailed historical data, an interpretative interpretive script and management actions to mitigate negative impacts. However, the need to characterize the profile and perceptions of visitors of whole Park, important to understand the potentialities and problems of the area. It is suggested that the impacts monitoring used in this study be maintained, being the survey presented here defined as the initial monitoring of the Monitoring and Public Use Program of the Morro do Osso Natural Park. Thus, these results will serve as subsidies for future actions of public use of the Park.
Impactos causados às populações do Bairro da Serra, Iporanga e Apiaí devido ao fechamento das cavernas turísticas do PETAR (2008) na visão dos stakeholders
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-07)
Borsanelli, Francesca Antoniella
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Neiman, Zysman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6435341856481082
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Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9405961078398915
Since the 1960s, the Upper Ribeira State Tourist Park - PETAR - receives visitation in its caves. However, the combination of factors, such as the delicate environment, fragile management and vulnerable security culminated in a civil action, which embargoed the visitation in the tourist caves of the Park, between February and April 2008. After these 2 months, it was resumed. In this scenario, the present work presents the results of a research on the closure of the tourist caves of PETAR, based on the analysis of the content of the stakeholders' opinions. Its main objective was to identify the positive and negative impacts caused to surrounding communities brought by the closure. It also investigates changes in tourist flow and visitor profile, as well as possible improvements in the park's public use, after 2008.The results show that the most relevant positive impacts were greater public use planning, more safety for the visitor and more effectiveness in environmental conservation. The most comprehensive negative impacts were the financial losses, which affected, mainly, the community of the bairro da Serra; and also the emergence of a market reserve, which monopolizes local tourism development, concentrating the gains on the hand of few people. The tourist flow has grown considerably since 2015 and there have been changes in the visitor profile. It was concluded that there are two streams of views on the organization of public use in PETAR after 2008. Some of the stakeholders argued that is more organized and on the other hand, others argue that it is less organized. This relates more to the season when the tour was held, low season or extended holidays. The surrounding community apparently overcame the caves ban and came back to believing in tourism. The best alternative to the surrounding community is currently investing in new attractions outside the park, in order to vent the tourism in the long holidays also decoupling tourism in the region, especially the Park. In addition, it is concluded that the implementation of Speleological Management Plans may be among the measures that would avoid or mitigate much of the negative impacts felt since 2008.
Processo de Produção de Ilustração Biológica para Conservação de Megaxenarthra: Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Linneaus, 1758) e Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-07)
Busana, Pedro Rodrigues
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Desbiez, Arnaud Léonard Jean
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1343726040328032
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
Biological illustration is a tool of graphic representation of phenomena and components of the Biological Sciencesthat is considered to be part of scientific illustration. In addition to its already well-known use in taxonomy, paleontology and medical sciensces, it can be applied in the elaboration of materials for scientific dissemination and environmental education, being an important ally for conservation biology. This work aimed to answer the question "how can illustration help endangered species?", using as a model Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) and Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792), both considered vulnerable species according to the IUCN. Asurvey gathering reference material for each species (photographs, illustrations and videos) was initially carried out. Animals were also observed at zoos, breeding grounds and at their natural environment). Andsemi-structured interviews with specialists in each species(biologists, veterinarians, zootechnicians and keepers) was also used to collect data. The valuation of the opinions of different professionals directed the content to be illustrated critically, focusing on issues related to habitat loss, unique morphology representation and description of the behavioral aspects related to both parental care and self-maintenance. The drawings were made using realistic techniqueswith bothpencil on paper and digital painting, aiming at the general public as the target audience. In the future these drawings will be made available to the institutions participating in this study and used on books, signs and other didactic materials to be usedin environmental education and conservation of the species portrayed. The use of interviews and direct observations to guide illustration based science communication proved to be decisive in creatinga contemplative link of the researcher with its organisms of study, avoiding distortions of the speech or of the nature of the animals.We hope with this to shorten the gap between the knowledge produced by the scientific community and the society in general and to enhance the participation of scientific illustrations in conservation biology.
Hidrogéis magneto-reponsivos para liberação estimulada de fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-08)
Bortolin, Adriel
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389000762427080
Nanocomposite hydrogels modified with polysaccharides, minerals clay and magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide functionalized with polymeric material were developed, allowing higher interaction between the nanoparticles and the hydrogel matrix. The nanocomposites were synthesized with small amounts of magnetic nanoparticles (0.5 - 2.0% w/w) and in all proportions magnetic properties were observed, as visibly by interaction with a magnet and experimentally through VSM analysis. The materials were subjected to several characterizations applying constant magnetic field of 0.23 Tesla. The magnetic field influenced directly all the properties of the nanocomposite materials, increasing the rate of water absorption and release of the active principle present in the structure (streptomycin), up to 5 times faster than the active material without application of magnetic field. Release tests on bacterial cultures also showed the bactericidal efficiency of the hydrogels loaded with streptomycin, where with the application of the magnetic field there was an average increase of 16.4 % in the inhibition radius of the bacteria studied. The release mechanism for hydrogels follows a pseudo-2nd order model, indicating the interaction between the active and specific sites of the hydrogel, and rearrangements may occur in the release mechanism. Magnetic hydrogels presented a pulsatile release behavior with the application of the field whose intensity was directly related to the concentration of nanoparticles used in the synthesis of hydrogels. Thus, the obtained hydrogels present characteristics that make possible the application in responsive systems of drugs release.
Corpo e espírito: representações da homossexualidade no espiritismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-09)
Guimarães, Fernando Augusto de Souza
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Souza, André Ricardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9081757614929729
The aim of this research was analyzed the way which spiritist theory, by the belief in reincarnation and immortality of the spirit, explain a sexual diversity. The analysis took by goal the specificity which the homosexuality is understood. Therefore, it was compared the representations on the homosexuality in two dimensions of the spiritism: institutional level and the religious base. The consideration on institutional dimension it was from some literary works concerned with this topic and, mainly, at the discourse of Andrei Moreira, ex-president of the Associação Médico-Espírita de Minas Gerais (AME-MG), in his book: A homossexualidade sob a ótica do espírito imortal. Subsequently, the research became turned to the way which members of two spiritist centers in the state of São Paulo, Centro Espírita Amor e Caridade e Centro Espírita Casa do Caminho, precisely in the cities of Bauru and São Carlos, deal with the question about sexuality. Starting from the hypothesis of great majority of brasilians, incluing spiritists, aren’t receptive to individuals LGBT (lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgenders), this research has as its core the approach the contrast between the acceptance discourse in the institutional level which the limited degree of real acceptance of this sexualities in the context of the interior state of São Paulo. Based on the foundations of Michel Foucault and the proposals of queer studies, were taken as a basis of spiritist discourse about sexuality, further then Andrei Moreira’s book, the following ones: Homossexualidade, reencarnação e vida mental by Walter Barcelos; Vida e Sexo by Francisco Cândido Xavier saying by Emanuel spirit and Além do azul e do rosa – recortes terapêuticos sobre a homossexualidade à luz da doutrina espírita, wrote by Gibson Bastos and Sexo e Consciência, wrote by Divaldo Franco, Encontro com a paz e a saúde e Constelação familiar, by Divaldo Franco saying by Joanna Ângelis spirit, and last Sexo e sexualidade de Regis de Moraes. After that, semi-structured interviews were conduct with some national and international spiritist leaders. This data were cross-referenced with the results through semi-structured interviews with representatives of both centers with data collected in field work. Finally, in terms of conclusion, this work introduce the way which the believes in reincarnation and immortality of spirit enable the comprehension of homosexuality as natural and normal, in addition it was possible contribute which a greater understanding of the dynamics of functioning of the spiritist movement
Narrativas, “espaço” e dádivas. A conformação de um Movimento de luta por moradia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-09)
Bologna, Paula Cristina Corrêa
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Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860333851637419
The reflections presented in this work are the result of two years of ethnographic research realized with the Movimento de Moradia da Região Centro (MMRC) or the Housing Movement of the Centre Region. The MMRC is a social movement compound for low-income families, which claim for the right of decent houses in the city centre of São Paulo, thought their insertion in public policy programmes. The problematic of the lack of decent housing for low-income populations is the background of this work, but it is not on this specific issue that its treats. This work is about the multiple relations which produce a housing social movement, the above mentioned MMRC. To approach such relations, I have highlighted three aspects: i) the use of narratives of the leadership trajectories, and how these narratives are mobilised to build connections between militants and Movement, as much as the narratives are also feeding for political and life resistance to the militants. ii) The relations of the everyday in the Mauá Occupation show that the term "space" used by them to name the place of dwelling within the Occupation, cannot be assumed as a synonym for “house.” On the contrary, “space” is a term that has its own meaning and temporality, as well as being a locus to produce other sociabilities for occupants. iii) The exchange regime in which the relations between the MMRC and the São Paulo City Hall are established, can also be understood as mediated by mechanisms of gifts, including those of the agonistic type.
Para un barroco sin nombre: aproximações à estética onettiana em Cuando ya no importe (1993)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-09)
Guethi, Amanda Fanny
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Alves-Bezerra, Wilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602719736498812
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2763020556963242
Since at least the 1950s, the fictional work of the Uruguayan writer Juan Carlos Onetti (1909-1994) has been read by a portion of specialized criticism from a supposed Baroque aesthetic: for others, Onetti's work would be baroque , for other non-baroque, both positions being understood as valuing depending on the objective of the critical appreciation and the conception regarding the literary that sustains such positions. This can be noticed, on the one hand, in the significant number of critical texts that approximate Onetti's literature to the Baroque, and, on the other, in the establishment of a set of elements that specify the Onethean style, but which functions both to affirm it as typically baroque - and exalting him for it - as if to deny it - which, too, earned him praise. From a reading i) that organizes the critical reception of the work of Juan Carlos Onetti, apprehending, in it, the discussions about the baroque, namely: criticism of observation (subdivided in criticism of negation, critic of drama and critical enthusiasm) and criticism of conceptualization (latent baroque, baroque fiction, open work and Cervantine heritage); ii) and who rescues the assumptions of his poetry in the set of his journalistic chronicles published in the Semanario Marcha (1939-1941) and his letters to his friend Julio Payró, this dissertation aims to analyze the latest Onetti novel, When (1993) as a novel-testament, with which the author closes the history of the city of Santa María and resumes, concluding, the process of his literary work, in the form of a diary that, as a genre, holds the narration of facts and comments on the narration act. In this analysis, the concepts of literary chronotope (BAKHTIN, 1990), of absurd subject and work (CAMUS, 1995) and of modern fiction (COSTA LIMA, 1986) are mobilized because, together, they allow to articulate the structural and thematic significance of the diary to the artistic presuppositions of the Uruguayan writer, emphasizing that the mentioned elements corroborate the substitution of the baroque adjective for cervantino.
¿De qué hablan? discursos editorialistas en Centroamérica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-09)
López, Edi Efrain Bámaca
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
The objective of the present work is to analyze the editorial discourse of written media in Guatemala (Prensa Libre), Salvador (La Prensa Gráfica), Honduras (La Tribuna) and Nicaragua (La Prensa) and determine the importance of discourse on climate change. In response, 168 editorials were analyzed from the technique of constructing weeks, which consists of choosing one week per month, with days not repeated. They are analyzed under a Bakhtinian look; which emphasizes the compositional form and thematic unity. It is denoted that the majority’s editorial emphasis is on subjects related to politics, economics, and violence, especially. Despite the cause of the increasing climatic change, is of anthropic origin, the speech is null. There is no assertive speech about it.
Dinâmica da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos no baixo rio Xingu durante a fase inicial de operação da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) de Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-10)
Assis, João Vitor de Mello
;
Tundisi, José Galizia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7318310325575455
The Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant started operations in 2016 in the lower Xingu River basin. Dams in the Amazon have many social and environmental impacts and there is a prerspective of changes in river hydrological regimes due to climate change. In this contexto, benthic macroinvertebrates are important organisms in the functioning of freshwater ecosystems and are also widely used in water quality monitoring. In the present study, 11 sampling points were selected in different basin environments to evaluate the parameters of surface water and sediment, benthic community dynamics and application of a biological index (BMWP) to classify water quality during the initial phase of hydroelectric operation. Surface water and sediment analyses did not indicate impacts directly associated with damming, but the dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrates and BMWP indicated changes in the ecosystem. In the year 2016 a severe drought occurred and its combination with the modifications in the basin negatively affected the benthic community. The natural pulses at the water level along the hydrological cycle in the Xingu River are a force function that drives density and richness of benthic macroinvertebrates and their own characteristics in the composition of that community are associated with the discordant result of the BMWP. An alternative in monitoring would be the use of diversity indexes related to the natural dynamics of the community. The minimum flow in the river should be maintained and there should exist protection around water bodies throughout the basin.
Ceifando a cana... Tecendo a vida. Um estudo sobre o pós/trabalho nos canaviais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-10)
Reis de Souza, Tainá
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Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3601577908568788
The goal of this research was to understand the post/work of unhealthy retired sugarcane cutters that is the new sociability network, where they are embraced. We employed qualitative methods with direct and unsystematic observations, semi-structured script interviews, photodocumentation and field research. Cane cutters are mostly migrants; when they get sick, they often return to their hometown. Therefore, the empirical field of this research is a place of origin of these workers, Araçuaí city in Jequitinhonha Vale/MG, where exist an intense migratory flow to the sugarcane plantations of São Paulo state. Unhealthy cane cutters were interviewed, such as their relatives and professionals who work with these persons – medical doctors, social workers and psychologists of the Social Security services and Brazilian health system (SUS). Cutting cane is a physically and emotionally exhausting job that could cause disease. They are discharged by the agro-ethanol industry, because their bodies and minds cannot support the work anymore, since their labor capacity is affected by the disease symptoms. If, according to the Marxian interpretation, the work organizes sociability of the subjects, their capitalist expression - the sale of the labor force - establishes estranged relations, even more so in a situation of overexploitation. What, then, does the illness produce? The subject does not have the labor force to exchange, but remains immersed in estranged relations. In the post/work the estrangement intensifies, because the restrained relations remain, the workers are understood as a discarded commodity. Discarding generates a sense of shame shared among the subjects. The unhealthy sugarcane cutters seek in the State the means to ensure their reproduction. State institutions play the regulatory role in biopolitics, expressing “to make live and let die”. Discarded sugar cane cutters do not fit the labor norm, that is, they cannot execute the function that they were become docile: that of labor power. They establish a new sociability with social workers, physicians and psychologists from social security and welfare agencies. The State acts permit that one to believe that discarded persons of the cane are left to die - not only physical but social death – since their lives are not more managed and controlled. The family is impacted in this process, not only by the loss of a significant income in the budget, but also because it has repercussions on the results of deep estrangement. Women - wives and mothers - become in charge of caring for these sick men, dealing with the difficulties this role entails. In a patriarchal society, women are given care, which in the case of the wives and mothers of sugarcane cutters is intensified, inasmuch as they must also take care of this sick person. Men, on the other hand, are attributed to masculinity, virility and strength, naturalization that fractures with illness. Gender relations reorganize, but not with the inversion of the poles of power. The subjects do not passively experience any of these processes, producing different strategies of resistance, lines of escape to the imposed impositions. The cane cutter - expropriated migrant, overexploited labor force, split generic being - establishes new relationships of sociability in post/work by disease. In this way, we can affirm that capitalist sociability extends out of space-time of work. For the Sociology of Work, specifically those who study rural work, it is possible, from the present reflection, to broaden the field of studies. The end of the work relations constitutes, as seen in the case of the discarded cane cutters, another sociability related exactly to the space-time of work, inaugurates the post/work, theme not different, but belonging to the Sociology of Work.
Otimização por colônia de formigas para o problema de programação job-shop flexível multiobjetivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-10)
Souza, Cleverson Moreira de
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Kato, Edilson Reis Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8517698122676145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1133011281219931
The job-shop production scheduling activity is at the most detailed and complex level of a production planning and control system. The Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) is an extension of the job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) and plays an important role in because of its combinatorial nature that allows an operation to be processed in more than one alternative machine of the set of available resources. Problems of job-shop programming belong to the class of NP-complete problems due to the difficulty in obtaining an optimal solution by traditional approaches. The metaheuristic Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has proved to be efficient in solving combinatorial optimization problems. The ACO consists of an algorithm inspired by the behavior of the ant colonies, which functions as a probabilistic method and constructs solutions through collective intelligence. In this way, it uses the experience gained during the search process adaptively. In this work an Ant System (AS) is presented along with the Shortest Processing Time (SPT) rule for multiobjective FJSP resolution. Traditionally, allocation and scheduling decisions are made separately in production management. Thus, the proposed approach employs the SPT rule for resource allocation and the AS algorithm for the sequencing of assigned operations, where each ant constructs a viable scheduling according to the constraints that apply to the problem. The objective of this research is to find optimal solutions for the FJSP, considering minimization of completion time, minimization of the most critical machine load and minimization of the total load of all machines as optimization criteria. The combination of several optimization criteria induces additional complexity and new problems. However, the results of the comparative study with other approaches in instances known in the literature have shown that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective for solving multiobjective FJSP, especially in large scale problems.
Leitura e escrita como ato responsável: uma experiência de ensino/aprendizagem à luz da filosofia da linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-11)
Anna, Telma Gomes Novato Sant
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Moura, Maria Isabel de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7089011529083708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2263321059248030
The present PhD research aims to investigate the reading of literary texts and the writing of texts as an active-responsive understanding of the texts read in the daily school life. The work was developed in a narrative and autobiographical approach, based on the theoretical contributions of the Bakhtin studies. In the professional narrative of the researcher the forms of seeing and conceiving the language during its 32 years of teaching are evident. The conceptions of language defined the way of being a student and teacher of Portuguese Language. By going through the three ways of conceiving language: Language is the expression of thought; Language is an instrument of communication and Language is a form or process of interaction and its methodological implications in the teaching / learning of Portuguese language, the researcher brings reflections on the teaching / learning of Portuguese Language in each mode. Only in the last decade, the researcher positions herself consciously when proposing a teaching / learning experience of reading a literary text: Romance genre for students of the ninth grade of Elementary School in a public school of a large municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo with the intention of bringing a reflection on why work with literary texts in school everyday and what benefits can bring to improve the practice of reading literary texts and written as counterwords in the classroom, anchored in Bakhtinian interactionism. The experiment generated a significant number of documents from which the survey data was collected. These data were analyzed from the narrative methodology based on the Bakhtinian contributions, which places in the center the subject of language, the conditions of production of discourse, the social, the relations of meaning constructed between the interlocutors, dialogia, argumentation, exotopia and the importance of the presence of the textoliterary in the classroom.