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Dinâmica da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos no baixo rio Xingu durante a fase inicial de operação da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) de Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-10) Assis, João Vitor de Mello; Tundisi, José Galizia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7318310325575455
The Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant started operations in 2016 in the lower Xingu River basin. Dams in the Amazon have many social and environmental impacts and there is a prerspective of changes in river hydrological regimes due to climate change. In this contexto, benthic macroinvertebrates are important organisms in the functioning of freshwater ecosystems and are also widely used in water quality monitoring. In the present study, 11 sampling points were selected in different basin environments to evaluate the parameters of surface water and sediment, benthic community dynamics and application of a biological index (BMWP) to classify water quality during the initial phase of hydroelectric operation. Surface water and sediment analyses did not indicate impacts directly associated with damming, but the dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrates and BMWP indicated changes in the ecosystem. In the year 2016 a severe drought occurred and its combination with the modifications in the basin negatively affected the benthic community. The natural pulses at the water level along the hydrological cycle in the Xingu River are a force function that drives density and richness of benthic macroinvertebrates and their own characteristics in the composition of that community are associated with the discordant result of the BMWP. An alternative in monitoring would be the use of diversity indexes related to the natural dynamics of the community. The minimum flow in the river should be maintained and there should exist protection around water bodies throughout the basin.
Otimização por colônia de formigas para o problema de programação job-shop flexível multiobjetivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-10) Souza, Cleverson Moreira de; Kato, Edilson Reis Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8517698122676145; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1133011281219931
The job-shop production scheduling activity is at the most detailed and complex level of a production planning and control system. The Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) is an extension of the job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) and plays an important role in because of its combinatorial nature that allows an operation to be processed in more than one alternative machine of the set of available resources. Problems of job-shop programming belong to the class of NP-complete problems due to the difficulty in obtaining an optimal solution by traditional approaches. The metaheuristic Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has proved to be efficient in solving combinatorial optimization problems. The ACO consists of an algorithm inspired by the behavior of the ant colonies, which functions as a probabilistic method and constructs solutions through collective intelligence. In this way, it uses the experience gained during the search process adaptively. In this work an Ant System (AS) is presented along with the Shortest Processing Time (SPT) rule for multiobjective FJSP resolution. Traditionally, allocation and scheduling decisions are made separately in production management. Thus, the proposed approach employs the SPT rule for resource allocation and the AS algorithm for the sequencing of assigned operations, where each ant constructs a viable scheduling according to the constraints that apply to the problem. The objective of this research is to find optimal solutions for the FJSP, considering minimization of completion time, minimization of the most critical machine load and minimization of the total load of all machines as optimization criteria. The combination of several optimization criteria induces additional complexity and new problems. However, the results of the comparative study with other approaches in instances known in the literature have shown that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective for solving multiobjective FJSP, especially in large scale problems.
Ceifando a cana... Tecendo a vida. Um estudo sobre o pós/trabalho nos canaviais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-10) Reis de Souza, Tainá; Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3601577908568788
The goal of this research was to understand the post/work of unhealthy retired sugarcane cutters that is the new sociability network, where they are embraced. We employed qualitative methods with direct and unsystematic observations, semi-structured script interviews, photodocumentation and field research. Cane cutters are mostly migrants; when they get sick, they often return to their hometown. Therefore, the empirical field of this research is a place of origin of these workers, Araçuaí city in Jequitinhonha Vale/MG, where exist an intense migratory flow to the sugarcane plantations of São Paulo state. Unhealthy cane cutters were interviewed, such as their relatives and professionals who work with these persons – medical doctors, social workers and psychologists of the Social Security services and Brazilian health system (SUS). Cutting cane is a physically and emotionally exhausting job that could cause disease. They are discharged by the agro-ethanol industry, because their bodies and minds cannot support the work anymore, since their labor capacity is affected by the disease symptoms. If, according to the Marxian interpretation, the work organizes sociability of the subjects, their capitalist expression - the sale of the labor force - establishes estranged relations, even more so in a situation of overexploitation. What, then, does the illness produce? The subject does not have the labor force to exchange, but remains immersed in estranged relations. In the post/work the estrangement intensifies, because the restrained relations remain, the workers are understood as a discarded commodity. Discarding generates a sense of shame shared among the subjects. The unhealthy sugarcane cutters seek in the State the means to ensure their reproduction. State institutions play the regulatory role in biopolitics, expressing “to make live and let die”. Discarded sugar cane cutters do not fit the labor norm, that is, they cannot execute the function that they were become docile: that of labor power. They establish a new sociability with social workers, physicians and psychologists from social security and welfare agencies. The State acts permit that one to believe that discarded persons of the cane are left to die - not only physical but social death – since their lives are not more managed and controlled. The family is impacted in this process, not only by the loss of a significant income in the budget, but also because it has repercussions on the results of deep estrangement. Women - wives and mothers - become in charge of caring for these sick men, dealing with the difficulties this role entails. In a patriarchal society, women are given care, which in the case of the wives and mothers of sugarcane cutters is intensified, inasmuch as they must also take care of this sick person. Men, on the other hand, are attributed to masculinity, virility and strength, naturalization that fractures with illness. Gender relations reorganize, but not with the inversion of the poles of power. The subjects do not passively experience any of these processes, producing different strategies of resistance, lines of escape to the imposed impositions. The cane cutter - expropriated migrant, overexploited labor force, split generic being - establishes new relationships of sociability in post/work by disease. In this way, we can affirm that capitalist sociability extends out of space-time of work. For the Sociology of Work, specifically those who study rural work, it is possible, from the present reflection, to broaden the field of studies. The end of the work relations constitutes, as seen in the case of the discarded cane cutters, another sociability related exactly to the space-time of work, inaugurates the post/work, theme not different, but belonging to the Sociology of Work.