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Fenologia da vegetação em áreas de Areias Brancas no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-12)
Machado, Wedna de Jesus
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Ribeiro, Adauto de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3371656445943561
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Soares, João Juares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
The phenological studies contribute to the understanding of species regeneration and reproduction, temporal organization of resources within communities, interactions and coevolution between plants and animals. The objective of this work was to analyze the phenological behavior of the species that make up the vegetation of white sands in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Northeastern Brazil, relate it to the climatic variables (precipitation and temperature), and to characterize the fruits types of these species to determine diaspore dispersion syndromes. To record the phonological activity, biweekly expeditions carried out (September/2015 to August/2017). It was verified the occurrence of 115 species and 13 types of fruits, the most frequent: capsule (31.3%), drupoid (16.5%) and bacoid (15.7%). The main dispersion syndrome was zoochory (46.1%), followed by anemochory (27.8%), and autochory (26.1%). For the shrub-tree component, most of the species presented semi-deciduous phenological strategy (73.3%), with continuous foliar activity. Flowering and fruiting recorded peaks of intensity in the dry and dry-rain seasons, respectively. As for the herbaceous-subshrub component, most of the species also presented continuous foliar activity, and flowering and fruiting with intensity peaks at the end of the rainy season and beginning of the dry season, respectively. It was observed a predominance of zoochoric species (80.0%) for the shrub-tree component, and of autochoric species (39.4%) for the herbaceous-subshrub component, as well as different fruiting patterns between biotic and abiotic syndromes, with greater activity in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, for both components of the vegetation. The temperature was the climatic variable that most correlated with the phenological events of the shrub-trees component, and the precipitation, with the phenological events of herbaceous-subshrubs component, suggesting that rainfall may be a limiting factor for most species of this component. Knowledge of phenology is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of plant communities.
Consultoria colaborativa como estratégia para promover inclusão escolar em aulas de educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-12)
Oliveira, Patricia Santos de
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Munster, Mey de Abreu Van
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6758413394621683
Collaborative consulting is a support service model that aims to help teachers with the inclusive education process of students with disabilities. This service model has emerged in the Brazilian literature related to Special Education as a possibility of a service in the Specialized Educational Service. However, although advances are taking place, few studies have investigated this support model intended for the area of Physical Education. Thus, it is important to investigate how the collaborative consulting support service can help face the challenges encountered by Physical Education teachers at schools who work in inclusive contexts in Brazil. Considering the above, the overall objective of the study is to plan, implement and evaluate a collaborative consulting program as a model for inclusion support in the context of Physical Education in schools. To do so, collaborative field research was conducted in which a consulting program was developed. Three teachers from regular schools who taught classes to students with disabilities participated in this study. The program was developed in four stages: 1) Building up and establishing relationships with the school community; 2) Identifying and defining the problem to be solved and planning the action plan; 3) Implementing the collaborative consulting program; and 4) Evaluating the Collaborative Consulting program. In order to plan the program, after building up a relationship with the school and the teachers, a survey was conducted of the difficulties encountered by each teacher. Then, based on the demands that emerged, the program was planned, carried out and later evaluated from the teachers’ perspective. Thus, three intervention programs were developed in parallel, which aimed to provide support services to physical education teachers based on collaboration. For each of the three programs, the following was defined as the demand for problem solving, respectively: a change in attitudes towards students with disabilities; student behavior management and the participation of students with disabilities in Physical Education classes. The results indicate that the collaborative consulting service in Adapted Physical Education was shown as a viable possibility of a strategy to support inclusion in the context of Physical Education classes, which can help general physical education teachers feel more confident when dealing with the challenges of school inclusion. From the point of view of the participating teachers, the program had an effect mainly on overcoming the limitations imposed by the lack of diagnosis and recognition and appreciation of the pedagogical practice of the teacher. However, for such actions to be possible, public policies need to be created that sustain support strategies based on collaboration in the municipal and state education networks, to make collaborative consulting a permanent service to support physical education teachers.
O lugar da especulação na elaboração das hipóteses metapsicológicas de além do princípio de prazer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-12)
Albuquerque, Alice Vieira de
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Monzani, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197
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Soria, Ana Carolina Soliva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2903416522364971
In order to understand the speculative method used by Freud to elaborate the metapsychological concepts, this study uses as a strategy following the construction of the metapsychological hypothesis developed by the author in the article Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920). The study intends to show how the explanations based mainly on the biological model of the psyche lead to the sequence of speculative hypothesis that lead to the central (and quite controversial) concept of the 1920’s article, which caused a considerable turnaround in psychoanalytical theory – the death drive. For this purpose, we compared the schemes of psychic apparatus developed by Freud in 1895 and 1900 to the one exposed in Beyond..., emphasizing the difference between the psyche conceived through the mechanical and the biological models. In the abovementioned works, it is possible to verify that the author uses the mechanical model of explanation, referring to the flow of quantities, or the difference between rest and movement, conveyed from one to the other element in the psychic apparatus. The use of the biological model of explanation concerns to the evolution and the development of the elements that make up the system, responsible for the refinement of its performance, aiming at adaptation. In Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), the biological model of explanation has a major role, occasion in which the psyche is conceived from an evolutive perspective, since its origin and the assertions that are openly described as speculative constitute a crucial axis upon which the text is formulated. It is in this scenario that the drive’s finality ‒ the absolute discharge of energy or the return to the inorganic ‒ is expressly articulated.
Replicação orientada a metaprogramação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-12)
Ugliara, Fellipe Augusto
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Vieira, Gustavo Maciel Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9020007815886406
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Guimarães, José de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1861719424612392
The objective of this research is to show how distributed, cohesive and coupled applications can be developed. The proposal is to use metaprogramming technics in compilation to automate part of the applications source code development, and to inspect the source code to find inconsistencies. For this purpose Treplica and Cyan were used. Treplica provides a structure to the distributed applications development, while Cyan provides the support to metaprogramming. These resources allowed the components creation, which can be used to develop replicated applications. In this research it was possible to apply metaprogramming to automate developmento steps of these applications, making the source code of replication better isolated from the rest of the application. The verification of this source code to find inconsistencies can also be made. This research does not intend to solve all automation possibilities of the replicated source code development, and it does not intend to solve all necessary verifications to the replication either. The objective of this research is to show that, using metaprogramming, it is possible to automate the development and the inspection of the applications source code in general.
A matemática financeira na sala de aula. Uma proposta de atividades com problemas do cotidiano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-13)
Pavani, Vinícius Vaz
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4442048782128819
In this research we present the idealization, the construction, the application and the analysis of results of a didactic sequence to the teaching and the resumption of some mathematical contents, having as a guide financial mathematics applied on a daily basis. As a final product we got four activities sheets with items (questions) of gradual complexities to enable the student`s autonomy and facilitate understanding in relation to the proposed situations. The activities sheets were applied in two classes of the third grade of the Industrial Automation Technical Course and Computer Technical Course for Internet, both integrated to High School in 2017 at Instituto Federal do Paraná campus in Telêmaco Borba-PR.
Fatores que influenciam o comportamento do consumidor de edificações sustentáveis: um estudo exploratório no contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-13)
Kirby, Regiane Cristina Laveli de Souza
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Delai, Ivete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7054145506480670
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1642961274865634
The study of green buildings consumer behavior, despite its importance, has been a subject little explored in the academic literature. However, a better understanding of this matter can generate greater industry interest, and attract in investment and development of this type of construction and raise public/consumer awareness about the sustainable aspects of buildings, expanding their perception and willingness towards green buildings. Thus, this research aims to identify the factors that influence consumer behavior of green buildings in Brazil. Firstly, a series of systematic reviews of the literature were carried out on the factors influencing consumers and were then analyzed in the light of the classical theory of consumer behavior, represented here by the Decision Process model of Blackwell et al. (2005). This led to the composition of the theoretical model presented in this paper, from which empirical qualitative-quantitative research was developed. In the qualitative approach, focus group techniques were used for validation of the proposed model along with in-depth interviews with owners of green buildings certified by the Green Building Council Brazil. The quantitative method used is a survey with the same population referenced above. The information from the survey was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, hypothesis testing and a multivariate analysis. The results demonstrate the importance of the influence of factors such as family and personal conceptions, as well as price, sustainable characteristics of the property, sustainability confidence in this type of building, green certification and consumer perception that this acquisition can make a difference in society in which they live. This is a pioneer study in Brazil, due to its comprehensiveness and for identifying a broad range of factors that can influence consumer behaviour towards green buildings.
O papel da educação no cuidado com as pessoas egressas dos hospitais psiquiátricos de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-13)
Ribeiro, Thais Regina Zamboni
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Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9628147422827907
The present dissertation was based on a field work that had as objective to reflect on the role of education in the care of the people who left the long-stay hospitalizations of the psychiatric hospitals of Sorocaba, considering that some of these former residents of the hospitals returned to the school, in the context of Youth and Adult Education (EJA). After the contextualization of the Psychiatric Reform in Brazil and the specificities of the region of Sorocaba, the Youth and Adult Education Policy is discussed as an inclusive proposal, providing a reflection on education and humanization. The participants of the research were four people who had the experience of the long hospitalizations, residents of the Therapeutic Residences of the city of Sorocaba and that are inserted in the school system, in the EJA modality, besides three teachers, a school coordinator and a psychologist. The qualitative analysis of the narratives showed that the early age interruption of regular studies generated a feeling of sadness and resignation. The EJA, after the deinstitutionalization, in turn, proved to be an opportunity to recover a right that had previously been denied from them. School experiences are permeated by insecurities and fears, because once some stigmas (“the crazy”, “the insane”, “the dangerous person”, "the silly one", “the funny guy”) seemed to stifle the potentialities that could respond to the desires and raise new possibilities of life for these people. The night classes, the fear of passing through the city in an initially unknown territory, the embarrassment of "not knowing" and the feeling of inferiority did not prevent these people from facing the stigma of psychiatric hospitalization and the doubt about their own ability aroused by some teachers. The EJA appeared in the narratives as a place of formation of bonds, affective exchanges, a space of socialization and also as a place to expand the possibilities of the future, because it has given rise to desires for work. It is concluded that the experience of psychosocial rehabilitation should not be focused only in the area of mental health, since many of the conflicts and wishes of these people come from different fields, as in this case, from the education, evidencing the need for the intersectoriality of policies concerning psychiatric deinstitutionalization.
Percepções dos recursos ambientais (terra, água, plantas e animais) no Assentamento Santa Helena - São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-14)
Cassimiro, Murilo Otávio
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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Gonçalves, Juliano Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1803562162325019
Humans have always been related to the environmental resources, in the search to progress and to develop the place where they lived, also aiming to ensure a future to the descendants. This relation was transformed over the years, with industrial, agricultural and technological development, they became cooler. In the rural environment, the people who live and develop there tend to have a greater affectivity towards resources, the constant presence between them strengthens these relationships, thus, Agrarian settlements are places where there is a greater connection of beings and environment. Knowing how these people have built their relationships with resources and what the current environment means to them, is important when thinking about development policies for Settlement development, these particularities serve as an essential information to take in mind when discussing and seeking improvements, elucidating the subjective reflections direct at an approximation between public organs and settlements. Thus, the general objective of the research was to describe and analyze the relationships between the settlers of the Santa Helena Settlement, in São Carlos/SP, and the environmental resources earth, water, plants and animals. The research presents two methodological steps, the first one, a bibliographical survey on the essential subjects in the dissertation and the second one based on the qualitative research and the case study, developed with the settlers in the Santa Helena Settlement, through semi structured interviews. From this, the central relations of each resource present in the settlers' speeches were extracted and a part of Lévi-Strauss's theory of structuralism, the binary pairs, a conception of opposition and correlation was used as data analysis. The main points of this relationship. It was then concluded that the present work has been able to answer the questions and objectives described, as well as elucidate the importance of identity, environmental knowledge and subjective issues of each person, in addition to a critical approach to agrarian reform policies and Sustainable Development Projects. It is observed a valuation of the environmental resources by the settlers, besides the pride of a healthy production. Leaving thus, several questions and perspectives for future work that seek to encompass the perceptions of resources, these distinct communities and the dynamics of the work involved.
Controle biológico de Alternaria alternata, agente causal da mancha marrom de alternaria, por Bacillus SPP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-14)
Souza, Ariane do Carmo
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Kupper, Katia Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900622063392740
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5585075926491349
The alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata f sp. citri, causes large economic damages in tangor Murcott (Citrus sinensis Osbeck x Citrus reticulata [L.] Blanco). Its control is carried out through the spraying of agrochemicals, implying up to 15 pulverizations per year, which causes an increase in the production costs of the cultures and damages to the environment. As an alternative, the use of microorganisms, in particular Bacillus spp., has been used to diseases’ control. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the viability of Bacillus spp in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The methodologies were based on the interactions between biological control agents (Bacillus spp.) and the phytopathogen A. alternata, evaluated by the paired culture technique, by the production of volatile, thermostable and cell-free metabolites by different Bacillus spp. isolates. The molecular identification of the isolates tested and the efficacy of bacterial isolates were evaluated in leaves and plants under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that most of the isolates affected the development of phytopathogen and produced some types of metabolite, being antibiosis one of the probable mechanisms of action of the bacterium. The isolates ACB-01, ACB-07, ACB-08, ACB-18 and ACB-57 presented potential for disease control of A. alternata.
Algoritmos para a redução de ruído Poisson e estimativa de parâmetros utilizando distâncias estocásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-14)
Bindilatti, André de Andrade
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9514883575909296
Noise is present in all applications of digital imaging. Due to its stochastic nature, it is impossible to determine exact procedures to completely remove noise from the image. Thus, the target signal may be affected during the noise attenuation process due to the smoothing of fine details and image structures or by the introduction of visual artifacts. State-of-the-art denoising algorithms are effective in removing noise, however, they can cause image artifacts. Furthermore, most of these algorithms are formulated under the assumption of the additive noise model. The problem of denoising Poisson-corrupted images is still an open issue and represents a great challenge, since the noise in this model is signal dependent. This property implies that the parameter of the underlying stochastic model are also dependent of the noise-free image, which is unknown in practice. The objective of this research was to propose novel approaches to address the problem of parameter estimation and noise reduction of Poisson-corrupted images, based on the use of stochastic distances as measures of similarity between distributions of random variables, capable of preserving small details and fine image structures, while avoiding the introduction of visual artifacts. Two novel approaches were proposed: (1) Poisson Wiener filtering with non-local weighted parameter estimation in the spatial domain; and (2) Wiener filtering with non-local estimates in the Haar wavelet transform domain, using stochastic distances as similarity measures between patches of wavelet coefficients. In the spatial domain, stochastic distances between distributions of Poisson variables can be used to define weighted estimators of the first and second statistical moments of the signal and noise in order to compute the Wiener filter for Poisson-corrupted data. In the Haar wavelet domain, the wavelet coefficients can be modeled as Skellam variables. Closed-form solutions for the stochastic distances between Skellam distributions could not be obtained, therefore, the Gaussian distribution was proposed as an approximation. The detail sub-bands can be denoised in the Haar wavelet domain using a non-local algorithm based on stochastic distances as similarity measures between wavelet coefficients. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods are competitive with related state-of-the-art algorithms. In general, among the proposed approaches, the technique based on the use of wavelets demonstrated a greater efficiency in the reduction of noise and preservation of details.
Passagens de Fauna: um experimento para o mico-leão-preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15)
Garcia, Francini de Oliveira
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Culot, Laurence Marianne Vincianne
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7433933426721415
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Rocha, Vlamir José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973
The Black Lion Tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, is a primate species endemic to the State of São Paulo and considered State environmental patrimony. It is on the international red list of species in the category "Endangered", mainly due to loss and fragmentation of its habitat. Roads cause direct negative impacts to wildlife, such as road kill mortality and the barrier effect. Wildlife crossing structures are implanted as a form of mitigation for both trampling and barrier effect, and canopy bridges are specific structures for semi-arboreal and arboreal species, such as primates. The aim of this study was to implement two "canopy bridges" fauna passages with distinctive designs in the Vicinal Domiciano de Souza road, GRI 253, Guareí-SP, in the crossing and trampling of black tamarin individuals, and involve the local community in protecting biodiversity. The fauna passages were installed in February 2017 and monitored for 13 months continuously, allowing the verification of functionality, use preference analysis and identification of the period of adaptation to the new structures inserted in the habitat. During the period of execution of the work, scientific dissemination actions were carried out in which information about biodiversity and local problems was shared with the purpose of sensitizing and engaging the community, thus promoting the formation of biodiversity conservation agents.
Avaliação do tempo de tratamento com resveratrol sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15)
Fabricio, Victor
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8413125497889474
Resveratrol (3,5,4 'trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenol found in some plants and fruits that has been suggested as a preventive agent for the bone damage characteristic of osteoporosis. Studies indicate the effects on only a few bone parameters, besides diverging regarding the minimum protocol duration required to observe such effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the treatment with resveratrol on femurs and vertebrae of ovariectomized young adult female rats during 60 and 90 days. Fifty-nine Wistar female rats at 3 months of age at the beginning of the experiment have been utilized, which were divided into 6 groups: groups maintained Intact for 60 and 90 days (INT 60 and INT 90) with 11 and 9 animals each, respectively; Ovariectomized control groups treated with 60 and 90 days (OVX 60 and OVX 90) with 10 and 9 animals each, respectively, ovariectomized and treated via gastric gavage with saline 0.9% [0.1ml / 100g Body Weight (BW)]; Ovariectomized groups + Resveratrol treated for 60 and 90 days (OVX + RES 60 and OVX + RES 90) with 11 and 9 animals each, respectively, ovariectomized and treated via gastric gavage with a solution of resveratrol in 95% ethanol diluted in distilled water (10 mg / kg BW). Biometric, physical, and biomechanical parameters of bones from the animals with greater quantities cortical (femur) and cancellous (vertebrae) contingent were analyzed, as well as the areal bone density of the vertebrae via DEXA, and the body weight of the animals. The biomechanical properties of the femurs were obtained by the three point bending test, and the lumbar vertebrae’s by the bone compression test. The experimental protocol of 60 days was able to remark the increase of the corporal weight of the rats after the castration, as well as the decrease of the vertebrae bone and mineral densities with the surgery and the protective effect of the resveratrol on these parameters of these same bones. In the 90-day protocol, these effects on the physical parameters were also extended to the femurs and the treatment, in this case, also able to prevent the greater corporal weight due to the castration as well. In the biomechanical parameters, it was possible to observe only a tendency of reduction of the maximum load with the surgery and protection with the treatment in the vertebrae of the longer experimental protocol. Therefore, the results indicate resveratrol, in the dose and route of administration used, as a potential protector of the bone tissue, both with greater cortical contingent and with greater cancellous contingent. In addition, the experimental protocol of 90 days showed be able to present more clearly the effects of castration and treatment with resveratrol on bone and body weight parameters.
Modelagem numérica do comportamento estrutural de vigas mistas de aço e concreto protendidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15)
Silva, Elder Nogueira da
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Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0108300693164500
The structural behavior of the prestressed steel concrete composite beams was investigated using the Finite Element Method. The present study reports two types of composite beams: steel beams and concrete slab with joint work ensured for shear connectors, in a traditional way and partially encased composite beams. Initially, were presented and discussed the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, applications and constructive aspects of this structural system, that can be used in the recovery and rehabilitation of existing structures or in new large structures design. Subsequently, were presented analytical expressions for the size of this structures. A numerical analysis methodology, that is, a modeling strategy using software ABAQUS® was developed and calibrated based on available bibliography experimental results for both types of composite beams presents in this paper. The composite beams of the conventional typology were modeled in two ways: interaction steel-concrete established with the perfect coupling of all the common nodes through TIE constraint; and interaction steel-concrete established with modeling of shear connectors and using contact interaction between surfaces. The partially encased composite beam was initially modeled and calibrated without application of the prestressing force, for later modeling of the tendons, due the misses of experimental results of the prestressed partially encased composite beams. The numerical methodology presents aspects related to the choice of finite elements used, mesh geometry, constitutive relations of materials, interaction between materials and loading procedures. Finally, a parametric study was developed for the composite beams with conventional typology. The objective of this study was analyzing the influence of the variation of the tendon eccentricity; of the variation of the tendon force and the influence of the layout of the prestressing tendons. In general, the modeling strategy for conventional composite beam was adequate to simulate its structural behavior, especially for the case where the interaction steel-concrete was established by the shear connectors. In the case of partially encased composite beams, was possible to see the effects of the prestressing on its structural behavior, due to the increase in the ultimate moments carrying capacity; smaller displacements and smaller deformations. In additions, there were good correlations of the ultimate moment carrying capacity obtained analytically and numerically.
Crescimento pró-pobre: uma análise dos gastos com transferências de renda e educação na redução da pobreza no Brasil durante o período de 2004 a 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15)
Ferraretto, Fabio
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0887301524795405
The relationships between economic growth, public spending and poverty are the targets of several studies, and their results highlight that GDP improvement is seen as the best way to reduce poverty. Based on this principle, this study aims to analyze whether there was pro-poor growth in the Brazilian states and the impact of public expenditures on income transfers and education on poverty reduction during the period from 2004 to 2014. Focus of the policies of income transfer and economic growth in the country. Considering the need to reach the proposed objective, a study of the subject was carried out to measure the relationship between economic growth and public spending with the reduction of poverty. In order to estimate the relationships between variables, the growth-poverty, poverty-inequality, and poverty-related elasticities of poverty in Brazil as a whole and in their states were calculated using a dynamic model by panel data. In view of the results obtained, it can be seen that in the country there is great divergence in the variation of poverty among the states. In addition, it is noted that the impact of spending on income transfers and education positively reflects the fall in poverty.
Diferenciação química de quatro espécies de Bauhinia (pata-de-vaca)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15)
Aquino, Amanda Jordano
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
The search for new compounds from natural products with high biological activity is an arduous task that has improved due to the evolution of instrumental analytical techniques. In addition, the use of medicinal herbs for the treatment of diseases is still used for generations and the pharmacological studies of these drugs evidences their biological activity. In spite of this, deforestation still grows in Brazil. The Bauhinia (pata-de-vaca), with more than 60 native species, are extensively used in Brazilian popular medicine for the control of diabetes. Thus, in 2009 B. forficata, B. variegata and/or B. affinis were included in the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to SUS (RENISUS). In this context, the present work reports the results of LC-HRMS and LC-SPE / NMR identification of compounds in leaves of Bauhinia longifolia, a species with few phytochemical studies, and the chemical differentiation of B. forficata, variegata, longifolia and affinis using LC-HRMS and unsupervised chemometric tools. Chromatographic conditions were developed using full factorial design and liquid chromatographic knowledge. With this method it was possible to characterize 74 (seventy-four) compounds in Bauhinia longifolia. Most of these were first identified in this species, namely phenolic acids, flavonoids O-glycosylated and proanthocyanidins. In addition, 6 (six) were isolated by LC-SPE and identified by NMR in which four (miricitrin, juglanin, afzelin, bauhiniastatin 2) are unknown for this species, especially bauhiniastatin 2 reported in the literature with anticancer properties. Futhermore, the chemical profile by LC-HRMS analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis differentiated the 4 species of Bauhinia and 24 other compounds were inferred. Thus, 99 (ninety-nine) compounds were identified in this thesis by providing important information that can be used in the quality control of ethanolic extracts of Bauhinia leaves, as well as to explain ethnotherapeutic properties, pharmacological and toxicological actions.
Modificação de meios filtrantes com nanomateriais para controle de bioaerossóis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15)
Remiro, Paula de Freitas Rosa
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Bernardo, André
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
People are increasingly wasting their time in indoors environments, in these locations there is a risk of contagion from diseases transmitted by the airways, due to low rates of air exchange. Thus, the number of causative agents of various diseases airborne spreads more rapidly, increasing cases of respiratory problems. Therefore, controlling the microorganisms present in indoor environments has become extremely necessary. An alternative is to develop filters for air conditioners, laminar flow hoods, and clean room exhausts that have antimicrobial properties. There are numerous materials that have an action against fungi and bacteria, among them silver and titanium dioxide. By combining these two materials a composite can be formed which is expected to have a synergistic effect. Thus, this thesis had as main objective the development of modified filter media with those nanomaterials that present antimicrobial capacity. After the modification of the filters, adhesion strength analyzes and peel velocity calculations between the nanomaterials and the fibers were done in order to ensure that they are not released into the environment. The results showed that the inhibition in the real environment was 55.6 ± 9.52, 72.2 ± 4.81 and 81.1 ± 1.92%, adhesion forces 3.44, 14.32 and 12, 24 nN and the average velocities required to release the nanomaterials of 125.2, 46.8 and 35.7 m / s for the silver, titanium dioxide and Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles respectively. These data suggest a considerable decrease in the number of microorganisms when using filters modified with these nanomaterials and have shown that the particles are removed at different speeds. However, with the results obtained it was not possible to point to a filter that satisfies all the evaluated parameters. The Ag/TiO2 modified filter showed greater inhibition capacity of the microorganisms, however, this material can be removed at lower speeds when compared to the other materials. The silver filter has the lowest inhibition rates, but high velocities are required to remove the particles adhered to it. Thus, the most appropriate filter is one that satisfies the operating conditions of the equipment on which it will be used.
Respostas Fisiológicas de Chlorella sorokiniana sob diferentes condições de cultivo e aplicação de sua biomassa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15)
Montanhim, Graziela Cristina
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4495914996455718
Microalgae are promising photosynthetic organisms, thus important for the biofixation of the CO2. They have the potential for application in various industrial sectors, such as in the production of renewable energy and in the area of fine chemistry. Microalgae biomass carries valueable biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins that can have their production optimized, depending on culture conditions. Species selection and identification of conditions that stimulate their growth is important for the development of large-scale cultures. The objectives of this research were to investigate the physiology of a Chlorophyta microalgae in different scales, analyse its biochemical composition and apply its biomass. For the development of this research we selected Chlorella sorokiniana among three Chlorophyta species based on growth rate, biomass yield and protein production in laboratory controlled experiments. These results are presented in chapter 1. In chapter 2, we scaled C. sorokiniana cultures up to 100 and 1000 L keeping them outdoors for the production of biomass and physiology evaluation under the natural conditions of light and temperature. The results showed less proteins and lipids in the biomass of large scale systems in comparison to the laboratory cultures. Although the phtosynthetic capacity was similar in either scale, the highest rate of carbon fixation was obtained in 100 L cultures. In chapter 3 the applicability of the biomass produced in the 1000 L cultures was investigated in vegetable seeds pelleting, whose viability was evaluated by monitoring the pelletized seeds germination. These results showed ~ 90% emergence and equivalence with the controls, so confirming the applicability of microalgae biomass in the composition of seed pelleting materials. Finally, in the 4th chapter we investigated if light emiting diodes (LEDs) of different colors would led to improvements in C. sorokiniana growth, biomass and photosynthetic physiology. For this, the cells were exposed to blue, red and a blend of 50% each blue and red LEDs accomplishing 100% of PAR as in the controls (white LED). We observed that S. sorokiniana exposed to red LED had the lowest biomass productivity (0.0025 mol C [mg Chl a-1 h-1]), dry biomass and growth rates and it was the most sensible culture to photosynthetic light reactions. Cultures exposued to the blue, and the blend of blue/red LEDs showed photosynthetic behavior similar to the control, in addition to higher biomass yield. From the present research as a whole we can conclude that C. sorokiniana is a robust freshwater Chlorophyta that supports the adverse conditions of outdoor cultures and that its biomass can be used in seeds pelleting. In addition, we showed that blue LED can improve C. sorokiniana productivity and modify its biochemical composition.
Simulação do processo de separação do xilitol proveniente da rota biotecnológica de fermentação da xilose utilizando os softwares livres COCO e Scilab
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-18)
Ribeiro, Carolina Torres
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Lima, Alice Medeiros de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2756455429478996
Within a context of a growing global market of low-calorie products, it is possible to highlight the production of sweeteners – products whose sweetening capacity is similar to sucrose – among which is xylitol, a sugar metabolized independently of insulin action – which makes it tolerable by diabetics – found naturally in fruits, vegetables, yeasts, lichens and algae. Due to the economic unfeasibility of the polyol’s conventional methods of obtaining – solid-liquid extraction and catalytic reduction of xylose – many studies have been set up to formulate alternative means to produce it. Considered very promising, the biotechnological production consists of xylan fermentation, obtained from the acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials rich in xylan, such as hemicellulosic hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse, by capable microorganisms and consequent release of xylitol, as well as other metabolites in fermentation broth. Obtaining the product of interest gets related to its separation from the broth that, due to its complexity, presents a high cost in relation to the rest of the process, which motivates, therefore, the study of several techniques that enable it. Some examples discussed in the literature are: use of zeolites, resins, crystallization, activated carbon adsorption, liquid-liquid extraction, precipitation and membrane application. Therefore, the present study aimed the simulation, using the free softwares COCO and Scilab, of the fermentative step and the synthesis of the separation process that offers possible means to obtain xylitol produced in a microbiological environment, as well as the analysis of the behavior of the system and the properties of the substances involved in the simulation environment. For this, an integration module was used between the two softwares that enabled the resolution of the system of ordinary differential equations that describes the kinetic model of xylitol production by xylose fermentation by Candida tropicalis. From the result obtained for the system in the Scilab routine, using the properties of the feed stream defined in the COCO environment, the production of xylitol, which was 1260.37 kg.h-1, as well as the secondary metabolites, ethanol e glycerol, 237.14 kg.h-1 and 284.56 kg.h-1, respectively, that compose the flow to be purified in the subsequent steps, could be estimated. The proposed separation process consisted of liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate as solvent and presented a reasonable behavior in terms of xylitol recovery, with loss of less than 1%, as reported by similar researches. Subsequently, unitary operations were used for solvent recovery as well as for the concentration of xylitol stream, resulting in a current with 73% w/w xylitol, which is equivalent to 0.18 kg per kg of feed xylose, and would in practice make it possible to crystallize and obtain the product of interest with a high degree of purity.
Fatores críticos de sucesso em implantações de sistemas de suporte a decisão em departamentos de planejamento e controle da produção: estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-18)
Delle Piagge, Ricardo Magnani
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Politano, Paulo Rogério
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9300055198348540
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
Looking for competitiveness in global market, companies have been investing efforts: developing new products; changing ways of produce in order to reduce costs; and getting better quality on delivery (quality, velocity and flexibility). That is a route necessary to aim competitiveness to some companies, but to others, it is a survivor path. In the middle of all that movement, the production, planning and control areas (PPCs) are always affected, it raises the complexity of the system that has to be planned, scheduled and controlled. The past few years, in order to minimize the effects on PPCs area, companies have been investing great quantities of resources (financial, areas and people) in decision support systems (DSSs). DSSs are systems capable to help the decision maker, getting data and simulating scenarios online. This kind of investment minimizes the operational work of data collection and let to the manager the responsibility to make decisions. However, like other kinds of implementations that involve people, DSSs implementations have a small percentage of success when some critical factors are not considerate during the software choice, planning of implementation and during the implementation control. With this motivation, this work has the main goal to list a series of critical success factors (CSFs) of this kind of implementation. To ensure the achievement of the goals a systematic review was conducted looking for a literature list of the most cited factors. Afterwards, those factors listed were validated by four cases of study. During the literature review, we listed 27 factors to be considerate on DSSs implementations. 20 of 27 factors were validated by empirical research and belong those factors there were found some that should be considerated as CSFs to implement the software and some that should be considerated also to achieve better performance results. We highlight among then: (i) top management involvement during the implementation and after supporting decisions based on SSD utilization; (ii) interdepartmental cooperation, using at good communication and sharing strategic goals
Análise de laje alveolar protendida moldada por fôrma fixa e usando placas de poliestireno expandido - Estudo teórico e experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-18)
Inforsato, Thiago Bindilatti
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4570430037067936
The use of prestressed hollow core slabs has increased significantly and, consequently various productive methods have emerged. These methods do not employ machinery such as extruders or slip former machine. In this research, a production method for prestressed hollow core slab cast into fixed formwork with EPS void former has been detailed and compared with the production that employs machinery. Although there are many producers of hollow core slabs with EPS void former in the Brazilian market, there is still a lack of knowledge about this precast product. Therefore, this research presents a review and recommendations with possible theoretical analyses to be applied within the structural design of this type of precast element, which should also meet the design requirements of the Brazilian codes of practice for cast in situ and precast concrete structures, as well as existent recommendations for prestressed hollow core slabs within the international literature. In order to validate the analytical proposals for design, an experimental program has been carried out comprising standard tests for prestressed hollow core slabs in accordance with international codes of practice and technical literature. Within the experimental program, 15 slabs with heights of 150 mm and were tested under bending and shear forces for simply supported slabs with span of 5,70 meters, comprising 12 shear tests and 3 bending tests. For the shear tests, the length of the span between the applied point load and slab support was varied. Three of the shear tests were carried out for slabs employing transverse reinforcement, while the nine remaining slabs were tested without transverse reinforcement. Complementing the experimental program, three bending tests with concentrated load were also carried out. According to the observed experimental results, the failure mode of the slabs within the shear tests was governed by anchorage failure of the strands. For the bending tests, the experimental results were consistent with the usual bending theory for prestressed members. Finally, for some tested slabs, it has been identified the failure mode was governed by the position of the EPS forming a void within the slab transversal section, which affects the thickness of the top flange. Therefore, an additional study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the cast in place structural topping to increase the bending moment resistance of the prestressed hollow core slab cast into fixed formwork with EPS void former. It is concluded that the use of the cast in place structural topping minimizes possible decreases in the resistant capacity of the prestressed hollow core slab cast into fixed formwork with EPS void former, during the manufacturing process.