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A representação da ciência e dos cientistas em O Alienista e em outras obras de caráter ficcional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07) Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; Silva, Marco Donizete Paulino da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474293377346927
Este artigo estabelece uma rede de convergências discursivas entre a obra O Alienistade Machado de Assis e outros objetos culturais de diversos formatos e suportes por meio da análise hermenêutico-dialética, objetivando demonstrar uma ênfase constante na representação da ciência, por meio da figura do cientista e dos seus elementos circundantes. O trabalho compara estratégias diversas identificadas nessas obras, embasando-se em teóricos preocupados com o papel da ciência e sua imagem. Observou-se, em relação à obra principal, recorrência de uma imagem negativa, impressa por um comportamento excêntrico, antissocial, e autodestrutivo do cientista.
Os direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes no cotidiano dos professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-02) Silva, Carlos Eduardo da; Rink, Juliana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5772465855816353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5397428366072963
With main focus to the educational rights established in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 (CRFB / 88), the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA), the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education (LDB / 1996) and the Racial Equality Statute. This is a qualitative research, involving field research with application of questionnaires and documentary analysis. Fifty professionals participated voluntarily in the research, among them teachers, pedagogical coordinators and principals. After the data collection, the data were tabulated in a spreadsheet and categorized. The analysis indicates that there are gaps in the study of legislation, both in the initial and ongoing training of participants. Teachers state they have difficulty understanding and understanding these laws, and most say they do not have the skills or do not know what to do in case of suspected or confirmed maltreatment involving their students. The research also shows the lack of approach to the topic in the HTPCs and the lack of provision of continuing education courses in educational legislation maintained by the Public Power. Thus, we conclude that teachers of the reality investigated need a greater mobilization for the subject and that initiatives are carried out so that it is linked in its daily life. This incentive should be stimulated in the initial training courses and also be fostered in professional teaching experience, based on articulations between the management team and other organs of the Public Power , despite the existence of several laws aimed at guaranteeing the rights of children and adolescents, it is necessary to seek the effectiveness of legal norms in order to be able to defend and guarantee the rights of learners.
Inibidor de urease (NBPT) e a eficiência da ureia aplicada em dose única ou parcelada na cultura do sorgo sacarino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-02) Santana, Cesar Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7227235855217660; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9165019503726194
Sweet sorghum has been considered an agricultural crop with great potential for the production of bioenergy, recommended for cultivation in sugarcane reform areas to supply raw material for the production of ethanol in the off-season of sugarcane in Brazil. Depending on the bioethanol production system, the entire sweet sorghum plant is harvested, with large exports of nutrients from the agricultural area. Although there is little information in the literature on more specific fertilizer management for sweet sorghum, nitrogen fertilization with 20-40 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 60-120 kg ha-1 of N in topdressing fertilization is currently recommended. The volatilization of N from urea, the nitrogen fertilizer most used in Brazilian agriculture, is one of the main routes of N loss and one of the main reasons for the low efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. One of the recommended practices for reducing N losses through volatilization is the incorporation of urea into the soil. Due to the practical difficulty and costs of this operation, some innovative technologies have the possibility of producing stabilized fertilizers, including urea with the additive N- (n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), a urease-inhibiting substance that slows down the rate of urea hydrolysis and reduces N losses through volatilization. The objective of the work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet sorghum fertilized with common urea and with urea with urease inhibitor NBPT for the supply of the recommended N in full dose at sowing or in split doses at sowing and topdressing fertilizations. The experimental design consisted of four randomized blocks, consisting of six treatments: T1 - control (without fertilization); T2 - control (without nitrogen fertilization); T3 - common urea applied at planting; T4 - common urea applied in split application (planting and topdressing); T5 - urea with urease-NBPT inhibitor applied at planting; T6 - urea with urease-NBPT inhibitor applied in split application (planting and topdressing). The plant height, stalk production, dry and fresh matter, panicle mass, stem diameter, number of stems, number of tillers, and the leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S were evaluated. The treatments did not produce significant differences in the biometric and yield parameters and in the leaf contents of macronutrients. The AGRI-001E hybrid of sweet sorghum showed an average of 4.7 m in height and stem diameter of 1.5 cm, with fresh and dry matter yields of 109.2 and 35.1 t ha-1 , respectively. The stalk production was 85.7 t ha-1 and was well above the minimum accepted by the sugarcane industries (50 t ha-1). The leaf contents of N, P, Ca and Mg were considered adequate. There was nutritional deficiency of K and S detected by chemical analysis of plant tissue, with no visible symptoms.
Caracterização genético-populacional de Prochilodus nigricans (Prochilodontidae) na sub-bacia do rio Tapajós
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-03) Lopes, Ueslei da Conceição; Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5647631868534064; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4214267890070318
Prochilodus nigricans is a migratory detritivorous fish, with a silvery grey colored body and dark, irregular, wavy, bar-like patterns on the caudal-fin lobes. This species is widely distributed in the Amazon and Tocantins river basins and stands out for its great economic importance and social relevance due to subsistence fisheries. Because of the uncertainties recently raised regarding the validity of the species, the aims of this work were to access the genetic diversity of P. nigricans in the region of the Brazilian shield and to characterize the genetic-population parameters of this species in the sub-basin of the Tapajós river during a nonreproductive period. In order to test the occurrence of hidden diversity, we used the mitochondrial markers COI and ATP6/8 in samples from the Tapajós, Xingu and TocantinsAraguaia sub-basins, and conducted a GMYC analysis with COI, considering the sequences generated in the present study and Genbank sequences of individuals sampled in other regions of the Amazon basin. Population structure and genetic diversity analyzes were performed using eight microsatellite loci and, the ATP6/8 genes and the mitochondrial DNA control region. For both COI and ATP6/8, there was a significant divergence between individuals sampled in the Tapajós river, with genetic distance values ranging from 1% to 1.9% between this group and the other individuals sampled in the Brazilian shield. The GMYC analysis identified that these individuals constitute another MOTU (molecular operational taxonomic unit), which were excluded from the population analyzes conducted in the Tapajós sub-basin. Mitochondrial and microsatellite data evidenced three genetically differentiated populations, Tapajós, Teles Pires and Juruena, the latter of which was genetically more differentiated. The three evaluated populations presented high and similar genetic diversity values to those of other species of Prochilodus and showed no signs of population expansion or decline in the last 200 thousand years. The results obtained in the present study on the diversity of P. nigricans are of particular relevance, since they make possible a previous diagnosis of the genetic status of P. nigricans populations in the tributaries and the main channel of the Tapajós river, before the eventual effects caused by the implantation of dams. Such data will serve as a basis for future studies to evaluate the impact of these constructions on the distribution pattern of the genetic diversity of migratory species, serving as an important tool to observe changes in the genetic structure of populations in areas fragmented by dams, and to subsidize management programs that aim at the conservation of the ichthyofauna in these regions.
Vigilância em saúde do trabalhador na esfera municipal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-03) Silva, Maria Ferreira da; Mininel, Vivian Aline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4557060516800427; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1493165107625273
In Brazil, workers´ health policies were significantly developed based on the Federal Constitution, which consolidated health and work as citizenship rights. Workers´ health was included in the Unified Health System and structured by the National Network of Integral Attention to Workers' Health, connected to the Health Care Network through the Workers´ Health Reference Centers, which play a fundamental role in articulating actions. Workers' health is a broad and complex field and includes investigation and intervention, articulating interinstitutional and interdisciplinary knowledge and practices with a view to promoting health and preventing work-related risks and injuries. Occupational Health Surveillance is a priority strategy to ensure protection, prevention and promotion of workers´ health, through the integrality of actions, multiprofessional action and complementarity of various services. Considering that work plays a fundamental role in the formation of society and of humans as social beings, this study is based on the assumption that changes in labor relations affect workers' health and, consequently, their labor, families and social relations. Occupational Health Surveillance is implemented in Brazilian states and municipalities in a decentralized way according to the principles of the Unified Health System. Moreover, it is the municipalities´ decision, based on their realities, to establish criteria, goals and implementation systems. This study is based on the historical-dialectical materialism framework, which considers human consciousness as a social product, which is changeable and historical, and economic and social transformations, determined by the evolution of the means of production, as well as all the natural or historical things that are not static and finished facts, but are always in motion. It is aligned with the workers´ health framework, which seeks the integrality of care and surveillance in care for workers. Thus, this study aims to analyze Occupational Health Surveillance actions in the municipal sphere. A qualitative study was carried out in two stages: the first stage consisted of a documentary survey of the legislation related to workers' health at the municipal level, as well as other documents that consider the implementation process, information flows and processes concerning occupational health care in the Unified Health System. The second stage included interviews with 15 key professionals (managers and decision makers) linked to the various sectors of the municipal, regional and state health system and other organizations that interface with workers´ health. It was carried out in a medium-sized municipality in São Paulo state, linked to a Regional Workers´ Health Reference Center in conjunction with the Sanitary Surveillance Group and Regional Health Board, following the municipalization process of workers´ health actions in 24 municipalities. The documentary survey related to implementing the Occupational Health Surveillance actions in the municipal sphere showed evidence of a lack of information on the subject. Three legislations focusing on worker´s health resulted from this stage: Deliberation of the Intersectoral Committee on Male and Female Workers´ Health and two Health Plans. Keynote speeches highlighted various weaknesses when developing actions in Occupational Health Surveillance, pointing out that, despite advances in the municipalities in the area of workers´ health, actions are still fragmented and disjointed, there is a lack of knowledge about the roles and competencies of the sectors and actors involved, and there is a critical need for structuring that surpasses curative and palliative actions concerning the prevention of accidents and diseases related to work and health promotion. The findings also indicate that Occupational Health Surveillance is the result of a network in motion, which should be articulated with the principles of the Health Care Network and the Unified Health System. This study analyzed Occupational Health Surveillance in the municipal sphere from the perspective of the actors that are part of it, contributing with local contexts and also with other municipalities that experience similar situations, focusing on the transformation of reality and improvement of workers´ health.
Adaptação de um Índice de Integridade Biótica (IIB) com peixes de riachos do Alto Rio Sorocaba (SP).
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-03) Viana, Mariana; Cetra, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5362288384662126
A biological monitoring program using a Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) in the Alto Sorocaba Basin will be efficient for quick evaluations, cost-effective, and analysis efficiency, and may assist in public power decision-making in directing of efforts to conserve the aquatic biota and to identify and minimize the physical habitat losses of the streams in the region. This work aimed to adapt a integrity biotic index (IBI) for the streams of the Alto Rio Sorocaba sub-basin. In the region of study is located the main source of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba (RMS), the reservoir of Itupararanga. Measurements of environmental characteristics and fish collections were carried out in 8 streams. Fish communities were analyzed using 27 biotic variables related to composition, diversity, trophic structure and habitat use. The biotic variables were selected concerning range, responsiveness and redundancy. A physical habitat index (IFH) was used to evaluate environmental characteristics. The IFH was elaborated from the variables: substrate stability, speed and depth variability, flow stability, sample pool, runs and riffles, vegetation cover and bank stability. The IBI was validated using PHI correlation significance. From 27 biotic variables tested, four were selected: siluriform richness proportion, siluriform individuals proportion number, omnivorous individuals proportion number and trophic categories number. These measures represent the abundance, species diversity and trophic structure, not expressing species composition and habitat use, which is a limiting factor to the use of the index to obtain more comprehensive results about the environments. No stream was rated as excellent and none as without fish. Fifty percent of the streams were classified as regular and 37.5% in the good category, demonstrating that many streams can still be used as reference. Despite its limitations, the adapted IBI is a useful tool for future biological monitoring and long-term biodiversity conservation and at low cost.
Risco reputacional em frigoríficos de carne bovina da amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-03) Galuchi, Tharic Pires Dias; Batalha, Mario Otávio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0769199437596395
The relevance of the beef chain to the Brazilian economy has increased in the last two decades. This growth has been accompanied by the advance of cattle production and agro-industries to areas located within the Legal Amazon. The impacts of this displacement have been contested by stakeholders. These actors attribute to the beef supply chains originating in that region a set of negative social and environmental repercussions. On reaction of the slaughterhouses in response to this challenge is the implementation of risk management systems that mitigate possible damage to their reputations caused by the publicizing of the possible deleterious effects of their activities. In this context, this study aims to analyze how the slaughterhouses in the Amazon region identify socio-environmental factors of suppliers that have the potential to raise their reputational risks and also the strategies used to mitigate these risks. For that, a qualitative exploratory study was developed through a multiple case study. The results showed that risk factors are largely established in public commitments negotiated with stakeholders. Deforestation, invasion of indigenous lands, work analogous to slavery and destruction of protected areas are the most cited factors as reputational risk generators. As risk mitigation strategies, the slaughterhouses maintain socio-environmental assessment practices of all their suppliers through a system of registry verification of the existence of infractions in the farms. Verification system auditing and reporting to the stakeholder are also used. The mitigation strategy of avoiding the risk changing supplier is more frequent. Other forms of mitigation are also observed, but it is noted that the risk is accepted when the stakeholders' perception indicates that the slaughterhouses are not responsible for livestock irregularities.
A epistemologia em Freire e sua relação com o currículo da cidade de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-03) Bertanha, Adriano; Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8529128171724542
This study originated from the perception that some productions that are linked to Paulo Freire's pedagogical perspective do not appear to be related to their theoretical foundations and their political-pedagogical objectives. From this perception came the problem of this research, which confronts Freirean epistemology with the official Sorocaba curriculum, since the supporting documents claim to be based on Freir-ean foundations, whose episteme is significantly exposed in the works "Pedagogy of the oppressed" (1987) and "Extension or Communication?" (1983), of this author. With this finding, we ask ourselves which are the main epistemological references that support that curriculum, and what implications they cause in the systematization of those documents. For this reason, the general bibliographic review was followed, beginning with the visit to the above quoted author's works, cutting important pas-sages to determine the freirean categories that served as tools for the analysis of the document, and which were compared with excerpts from the works of thinkers of phenomenology and Marxism, mainly with whom Freire demonstrated proximity, in order to detect influences arising from it. The following is a list of the documents that underpin the Sorocaba curriculum: the 2016 Reference Framework, which reflects the theoretical basis of the 2012 Curricular Matrix, which is based on contents and practices that determine the subjects of the serial, to detect if these, claiming to fol-low the work of Freire, are committed to its foundations and political objectives. It should be noted that Freire appropriates primary concepts of existential phenome-nology, from which education derives as a political act, in addition to demonstrating convergence with Marx's thoughts, culminating in the categories of dialogue and political commitment as a humanizing practice; these the knowledge that served as tools of analysis for the documentary stage of the work. As a result, it was found that the Referential Framework brings perspectives and quotes from progressive authors close to the Freirean proposal and even cites them directly, but the content and prac-tical issues of the Curriculum Matrix are based on different political-pedagogical ob-jectives.
Abordagem de suporte à privacidade em aplicações móveis considerando a expectativa de usuários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-04) Mello, Jose Santiago Moreira de; Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328308641457317
Privacy is the cause of an important concern in the context of mobile applications, once these applications manipulate a countless number of the users’ confidential and personal information through their mobile devices. Previous researches have shown that the manipulation of information through the applications is commonly unknown to the user, or, when known, the reason for this collection is not clear enough. Several automated tools have been proposed to analyze the performance of mobile applications regarding their privacy. However, these tools don’t take into consideration the users’ perception about what they believe to be collected and the purpose of this collection. Concerning this, the current work presents an approach for privacy applied in the mobile context, in which people’s expectation of the aspects of collection and the use of information by smartphone applications are considered. This study shows the results of a research performed with 163 smartphone users which was used as a basic resource to understand how people’s expectations may impact their subjective feelings (levels of comfort). WePrivacy service is also presented, mainly composed of a mobile application, a concept which implements the idea of privacy and responds the question of research discussed in this work, that is, how to consider people’s expectation in the evaluation and support to the decision making on privacy in the use of mobile applications. The results found suggest that the users don’t know how to point which of their personal information are collected and to which purpose the collection serves. The results also show that when the purposes of the collection are known, the users tend to feel more comfortable.
Cinema de Favela, o real da ficção, a estética do político
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-04) Oliveira, Leandro Silva de; Rizek, Cibele Saliba; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0540870380815135; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4781986347742383
Contemporary Brazilian cinema, particularly the one committed to revisiting the urban periphery, ends up refreshing some aspects of relation between the film and the social context, aesthetics and politics, theme and form, between fiction and reality. And in doing so, it maintains an already long-standing background dialogue which has privileged sociology and anthropology as interlocutors. That said, three orders of problems guide the theoretical-analytical fabulation that I develop. The first is the problem of fiction as a space of conformation for certain phenomenological ambiguities and the articulations that follows; how certain exteriorities are internalized in the film in a blurring between the fictional and the nonfictional, the discursive and the empirical. Next, I investigate how the social sciences tradition and practice (in dialogue with documentary aesthetics) are mobilized as epistemological models and referent of privileged access to the real. The third is the problem of the real itself as a raw material on which the discourses are based, of the real as a value, and communicating with an argumentative vocation of the film, of diegesis as a corpus and narrative as a thesis. I start, therefore, from the form, from the level of the meaning of the cinematographic device properly, so as to reconstitute the bonds, affinities and assumptions of engagement of the film with the real 'in' and 'out'. In the first part of the thesis I present a theoretical-methodological and historical-conceptual approach to these impasses. Thereafter I propose five essays about five films that are quite different from each other, but which share the gravitation around the themes of urban periphery, poverty and violence in Brazil: Cidade de Deus (2002), Linha de passe (2008), Tropa de Elite e Tropa de Elite 2: O inimigo agora é outro (2007 e 2010), O som ao redor (2013) e Branco sai, preto fica (2014).
Do xamanismo tradicional ao xamanismo urbano: difusão socioespacial para a formação de uma nova religiosidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-04) Uguetto, Júlio Cesar Ribeiro; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8642780384748175
La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de difusión de la fe, de la religi-osidad y de las simbologías chamánicas en el contexto amazónico para los centros urbanos brasileños. Se identifica su expansión a través de movimientos migratorios al norte del país, en el contacto cultural entre indígenas y no indígenas, y en la formación de nuevas religiosidades a partir del té ayahuasca. En la segunda parte del trabajo se buscó compren-der el chamanismo urbano a través de un estudio, del caso de Cielo Beija Flor Dourado, localizado en Sorocaba-SP. Em el que el debilitamiento y las carencias ocasionadas por la modernización frente a diversas dimensiones de la vida cotidiana como la religión, la pér-dida de identidad, referencias filosóficas y políticas, relaciones comunitarias y distancia-miento de la naturaleza, son los principales motivos que llevan a la producción y a la cir-culación de los ideales religiosos y filosóficos de dicha cultura al hombre de la ciudad, resultando como consecuencia la producción de nuevas territorialidades de la religiosidad moderna, en la formación de una nueva conciencia y en la apropiación mercadológica de estos elementos por el mercado capitalista.
Cinema e construção do conhecimento científico: estudo de caso com o filme "Procurando Nemo"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-04) Oliveira, Flávia Zanini de; Fernandes, Hylio Lagana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096; Mattox, George Mendes Taliaferro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453900943293186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9913260325002419
Since its early development, cinema has been used in education due to the capacity of influencing how people think and behave. Most of the films and especially those categorized as animation, however, have adaptations and poetic licenses that allow an escape from reality, even if partially. Therefore, starting from film exhibition, followed by questions and a qualitative analysis of the answers, perceptions about “Finding Nemo” were got and, aimed at better understanding the influence of this cinematographic resource on the construction and consolidation of scientific knowledge. In total there were 32 participants, with 12 years old age range. Results show that even with some evident discernment between fiction and reality, much information in the film are still assimilated as true. So, to avoid a misappropriation of the scientific knowledge, and consequently its dissemination, it is fundamental that the way how films are used in education is rethought and re-adapted.
Cultivo consorciado de milho de segunda safra com espécies de adubo verde visando à diminuição da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-05) Gonçalves, Rodrigo Singulane; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6740769477082553
Winter corn (second crop corn) has become the main autumn-winter crop in Brazil. In the 2016/2017 crop, the average productivity was 5,303 kg ha-1, surpassing that of the summer corn (first crop corn). With the expectations of increased productivity and expansion of the cultivated area, there will be a need to supplement sowing fertilization with N in topdressing fertilization, a practice often suppressed due to water deficit in the period of extemporaneous cultivation of winter corn. The use of green manure species between the crop row in consortium with winter corn has been recommended to maintain soil moisture. In addition, considering that the N of green manure can become available to the main crop through in vivo mechanisms in intercropping, it is possible to decrease the amount of N offered in topdressing fertilization. The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate biometric, nutritional, and production parameters of the winter corn (hybrid 30A37 PW), cultivated in consortium with green manure species and with doses of nitrogen in topdressing; (ii) the degree of nitrogen fertilization suppression using green manure. The experiment was installed in a dystrophic Oxisol, with a randomized block design and a 4x3 factorial scheme, with five replicates. The treatments consisted of four conditions for establishing green manure (without green manure; Crotalaria spectabilis; Cajanus cajan; Crotalaria spectabilis + Cajanus cajan;) and three levels of nitrogen topdressing fertilization (0, 15, and 30 kg ha-1 of N ), 30 days after the emergency. Dry mass, stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves above the ear, weight of 1000 grains, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, grain mass per ear, the mass of the ear without straw, the length and diameter of the ear, the height of insertion of the first ear, productivity, and leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S were evaluated. The treatments did not produce significant differences in biometric and productivity parameters, which were lower than those found in the scientific literature. Regardless of the treatment, leaf N levels were above the range considered adequate for winter corn. Except for the treatment in which Crotalaria spectabilis was grown between the crop row and the addition of 30 kg ha-1 of N in topdressing fertilization, all experimental conditions resulted in insufficient P foliar levels. Experimental plots with no intercropping with green manure resulted in plants with adequate K leaf levels. No insufficient leaf levels of Ca, Mg and S were observed. It was not possible to estimate the degree of nitrogen fertilization suppression for winter corn intercropped with green manure species. The average productivity, which varied from 2.2 to 2.4 t ha-1, was considered very low when compared to the average Brazilian productivity and was attributed to the inadequacy of the 30A37 PW hybrid to climatic zoning, to the deficiencies of P and K and probable Zn insufficiency.
Importância do núcleo parabraquial lateral no controle do equilíbrio hidromineral em modelo animal de hipertensão essencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-05) Guillen, Camilla Dias; Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9055280555067656; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9884709558405813
Excessive salt intake has been associated with the development or worsening of chronic diseases such as hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have a typical increased sodium preference. The lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) acts as an important inhibitory mechanism for sodium intake control, besides its involvement in cardiovascular control in normotensive rats. However, the involvement of LPBN in cardiovascular control and sodium appetite is still unknown in SHR. The aim for the present study was to evaluate cardiovascular responses and 0.3 M NaCl intake after α2-adrenergic receptors activation in LPBN in this model of essential hypertension. In SHR, bilateral injections of moxonidine (α2-adrenergic/imidazolinereceptors agonist) in LPBN increased 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by water deprivation – partial rehydration protocol (WD-PR), without changes in water intake. However, LPBN moxonidine injections did not significantly change 0.3 M NaCl or water intake induced by WD-RP in normotensive Holtzman rats. In normohydrated SHR moxonidine injections into the LPBN did not change 0.3 M NaCl and water intake, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and baroreflex responses. The WD-PR protocol did not change baseline values of MAP and HR in SHR, neither after LPBN moxonidine injections. It was also observed that LPBN moxonidine injections in SHR resulted in a positive sodium balance, characterized by increased 0.3 M NaCl intake during the sodium appetite test followed by increased renal sodium excretion and urinary volume at the end of the experiment. Therefore, present results show thatα2-adrenergic/imidazolinereceptors activation in the LPBN increases WD-PR-induced sodium appetite in SHR. This effectis not related to changes in arterial pressure. Therefore, we can conclude that LPBN inhibitory mechanisms contribute to limit sodium intake also in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
Índice de Integridade Biótica para o município de Sorocaba (SP) utilizando comunidades de peixes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-05) Silva, Guilherme; Cetra, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5205087039793385
The Biotic Integrity Index has been an effective biomonitoring tool utilizing freshwater fish assemblages. In tropical and subtropical countries, however, its use over time has been developing, although adaptation in these regions has begun more recently. This study aimed at the creation of a Biotic Integrity Index for the municipality of Sorocaba - SP, where it aims to assist in the monitoring of aquatic environments in the urban zone using as bioindicators the fish of streams. A total of 2492 individuals were collected in a total of 27 stretches, 23 in the urban area of the city of Sorocaba and 4 in the Ipanema National Forest in Iperó. An environmental protocol was also applied in all the excerpts to verify the physical characteristics of the streams and later used to promote correlations between the biotic variables. Seven variables were selected to compose the Biotic Integrity Index, being separated into three groups with a response capacity, such as species diversity, habitat and trophic function. Two streams were classified as excellent (7.5%), five as good (18.5%), five regular (18.5%), eight poor (29.5%), two very poor (7.5%), and five without fish (18.5%). The biotic integrity index proposed for this work presented a satisfactory correlation between the environmental conditions and the fish communities due to the presence of a environmental gradient capable of generalizing impacts in the urban region of the city of Sorocaba. This work has demonstrated that studies like this one besides being able to promote applicability and development of methods for environmental biological evaluations, also has as consequence a better knowledge of the freshwater fishes.
Síntese de 1,2,3-triazóis 1,4,5-trissubstituídos via catálise heterogênea empregando reações em micro-ondas e fluxo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-05) Dias, Cássio da Silva; Schwab, Ricardo Samuel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4370694807878074
Heterocyclic compounds containing the 1,2,3-triazole nucleus have received special attention in the field of synthetic chemistry have seen that have a wide field of application in biological and material areas. In this work, a new methodology was developed through a more sustainable approach for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles, employing microwave irradiation as a heating source for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. As dipolarophile, β-dicarbonyl compounds, commercially available and others prepared by means of transesterification reactions between methyl acetoacetate and different alcohols were used. As the dipole species, different organic azides were prepared via a diazonium salt formation reaction. The triazoles were synthesized using nanoparticles of copper oxide II as catalyst under microwave irradiation. This new protocol allowed the preparation of a broad scope of highly functionalized 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in the short reaction time, in good to excellent yields. At the end of the synthesis, a study was performed on the recovery of the nanocatalyst, being possible its use for up to 3 reactional cycles with good yields of triazoles. Still in the context of more sustainable methodologies, the continuous flow reactors have been successfully applied in the development of new synthetic methodologies, since the efficient transfer of heat and better mixing of the reactants, has implied a smaller amount of byproducts and high conversion rates, among other advantages. In this part of the work, a new methodology for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles 1,4,5-trisubstituted was initiated, via a reaction of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between carbonyl substrates, and arylazides, with reactions catalyzed by molecular sieves under continuous flow regime catalysed by molecular sieves, obtaining high conversion rates in the triazoles.
Efeitos de jornada de trabalho, habilidades sociais e gênero sobre o equilíbrio trabalho-família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06) Medeiros, Thaís Juliana; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2089547329226656
Given the high workforce participation rates among men and women who have preschool-aged children, it is important to examine evidence about factors that may facilitate the conciliation of paid and family work. In addition to the issue of how to divide one’s time between these two spheres, which may be affected by the parents’ hours of work, the quality of the interactions that are occur in the family and workplace environments is also likely to be important, which may depend on the parents’ social skills. To investigate this issue, a research program was conducted, involving four studies. In Study 1, a literature review was conducted to examine theoretical perspectives used to discuss the interface between paid and family work. It was found that: (a) current theories include negative and positive aspects of the work-family interface; (b) a reduction in work-family conflicts is associated with benefits for the wellbeing of people in these two spheres; (c) workers who reported fewer conflicts had higher levels of work commitment and work satisfaction; (d) there are two instruments for evaluating the relationship between work and family, validated for use in Brazil; (e) various individual, family and organizational strategies contribute to improving the integration of these two roles. In Study 2, the objective was to analyze the effects of paid work hours on people’s wellbeing, in the Brazilian context. Based on the literature reviewed, women with low education, very low incomes and young children tended to have greater health problems because of their double and triple workloads. In addition, workers who had greater problems with their physical and mental health also had lengthy hours of work. In Study 3, the goal was to analyze if there are differences related to gender in the use of social skills, among adults. Evidence was found for the importance of cultural influences on the social skills of men and women. Thus, the objective of Study 4 was to examine the joint influence of work hours, social skills and gender on work-family balance and satisfaction with different facets of life. Interviews were conducted with 142 participants (54 men and 88 women), all of who were in a common law or marital relationship in which both partners were engaged in paid employment, and all were parents of at least one child of up to six years of age. The participants completed the Del Prette Social Skills Inventory, an instrument to evaluate perceptions of work-family spillover (facilitation and conflicts), and scales to evaluate their satisfaction with their job, organization of their home, relationship with their child, marital relationship, and life in general. Some of the key findings were that there was little direct influence of work hours on the work-family balance and satisfaction of the study participants. With respect to social skills, for the men, more so than for the women, their ability to express positive feelings contributed to a reduction in the frequency of work-family conflicts. With respect to the participants’ satisfaction with different aspects of their lives, once again, the satisfaction of the men was more strongly related to their social skills than in the case of the women. Among the women, the influence of social skills was more evident among those who were working part-time. Thus, one can conclude that work hours, social skills and gender are important factors that, jointly, can affect the work-family balance and satisfaction of workers with pre-school aged children. In future studies, it will be important to use larger samples, a longitudinal study design, and more specific instruments for evaluating social skills in each of the areas investigated.
Perfil químico e caracterização estrutural de metabólitos na polpa do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) por RMN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06) Alves, Thayana da Conceição; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0399434594190877
Acai is a widely consumed fruit in the North Region of Brazil and has gained consumers in other regions of the country and abroad. With the increasing acai pulp demand, quality control measures become necessary to improve its trading; however, there are some problems, such as the fast degradation of the pulp, microbiological contamination and no knowledge on the behavior of the organic compounds present in the pulp of fruits of different origins, growing, seasonality, transport and processing. This study describes the influence of seasonality, growing conditions and genotypic variations on the acai pulp from Belém - PA by 1H NMR combined with chemometric methods, and structural characterization of the chemical constituents by LC-DAD-SPE/NMR. This work was performed in 4 stages: I) Identification of the greatest number of organic compounds by 1D and 2D NMR, without the need for isolation; II) Attainment of the chemical profile by 1H NMR combined with the chemometric treatment of the pulp of the fruits of 31 genotypes cultivated under agronomic control (Embrapa Amazônia Oriental) and also of commercial samples (Belém-PA); III) Verification of the correlation between the 1H NMR chemical profile and the physical-chemical data measured in the same samples; and IV) Identification of the organic compounds present in the commercial acai pulp extracts obtained with an ASETM (accelerated solvent extractor), being the major compounds obtained by 1D and 2D NMR, and the minor ones by LC-DAD-SPE/NMR with time-slice as trapping mode. Tendencies in the distribution of the acai pulp samples were observed according to the type of growing (agronomic control x without control), seasonality (harvest season x inter-harvest season), genetic improvement, and the storage system used by the retailers from Belém, and the compounds responsible for such tendencies were identified. The great variability in the physical-chemical data of the evaluated pulps was verified and, thus, there was no correlation with the 1H NMR spectral data. The ASE provided the best extracts when compared to extracts obtained with the conventional method. Some aromatic compounds were isolated from the acai pulp methanolic extract by LC-DAD-SPE, and their structures were determined based on the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, UV and MS experiments. This study showed the potential of the high-resolution NMR technique to obtain chemical information from the lyophilized acai pulp. The traditional analysis methods (physical-chemical ones) were not viable, since they did not provide good comprehension of the variations of the acai pulps. The ASE extractor was a good alternative to perform the clean-up and extraction of the organic compounds present in acai and the time-slice mode proved efficient in the isolation of compounds at low concentration present in the acai pulp methanolic extract.
Preparação de um novo catalisador de cobre trocado em zeólita magneticamente recuperável para síntese de 1,2,3-triazóis 1,4-dissubstituídos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06) Costa, Elizama Ramos; Schwab, Ricardo Samuel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3940423434892933
The search for more sustainable methodologies has led in recent years to a significant increase in the development of more efficient heterogeneous catalysts, easily recoverable and with high stability over several reaction cycles. In this approach, zeolites emerge as a promising alternative for a wide range of reactions in organic synthesis, since they have unique physico-chemical characteristics, such as high acidity, presence of microporosity and also for acting as supports for catalysts prepared by ion exchange, it being possible then, the insertion of several metallic cations in their exchange sites. From this perspective, this work developed a catalyst exchanged with copper in zeolite β with magnetic support of ү-Fe2O3 that allows an easy and efficient separation of the catalyst from the reaction medium. After synthesis, the catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (MET), atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray flowering (FRX), excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetically recoverable copper catalyst (ү-Fe2O3-β-Cu(I)) was used in the synthesis of 1,2,3-1,4-disubstituted triazoles in a multicomponent approach with formation of azide in situ using water as a solvent. The optimization of the reaction conditions was performed using the benzyl bromide, sodium azide and phenylacetylene reagents as model substrates. In the optimization stage, different reaction parameters were evaluated, such as temperature, time, solvent and amount of catalyst. With the result of the optimization in hand, a study was carried out on the scope of the reaction, where the products were obtained with good to excellent yields. At the end of the synthesis, a study was carried out on the recovery of the catalyst, being possible its reuse for up to 5 reaction cycles leading to triazoles in good yields.
Efeito da re-nitretação nas propriedades de matrizes de extrusão a quente de alumínio, confeccionadas em aços ferramenta vex e h13
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-08) Ottani, Vinicius Cardoso; Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5755500670550006
Aluminum extrusion is a thermomechanical process widely used throughout the world, and the performance of this process is strongly dependent on the quality of the tool steel used in the manufacture of the dies. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI H13 and VEX hot work tool steels, the effect of re-nitriding on die recovery and tooling performance in field tests. The samples were nitrided with gas and plasma for comparison purposes. The effect of re-nitriding was simulated by performing eleven consecutive nitriding cycles on the samples. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, metallography, X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDS, hardness tests, impact tests and machinability tests. The tubular dies made of both materials were used in the extrusion of AA6060 aluminum alloy profiles for performance evaluation. The results showed that the increase in the number of nitriding cycles influences the surface nitrogen concentration, the white layer and the diffusion zone thickness, the surface oxides growth, the nitrided layer hardness and the substrate hardness. The residual stress profiles of the nitride layer and the effect of the alloying elements on the temperability of both materials were also compared. The experimental simulation of the effect of the working temperature on the dies proved the superior performance of VEX when compared to H13. The higher wear resistance of VEX was attributed to higher resistance to the tempering of the nitride layer and the substrate and depth of the nitride layer after the same number of nitriding cycles.