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Efeitos de jornada de trabalho, habilidades sociais e gênero sobre o equilíbrio trabalho-família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06)
Medeiros, Thaís Juliana
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2089547329226656
Given the high workforce participation rates among men and women who have preschool-aged children, it is important to examine evidence about factors that may facilitate the conciliation of paid and family work. In addition to the issue of how to divide one’s time between these two spheres, which may be affected by the parents’ hours of work, the quality of the interactions that are occur in the family and workplace environments is also likely to be important, which may depend on the parents’ social skills. To investigate this issue, a research program was conducted, involving four studies. In Study 1, a literature review was conducted to examine theoretical perspectives used to discuss the interface between paid and family work. It was found that: (a) current theories include negative and positive aspects of the work-family interface; (b) a reduction in work-family conflicts is associated with benefits for the wellbeing of people in these two spheres; (c) workers who reported fewer conflicts had higher levels of work commitment and work satisfaction; (d) there are two instruments for evaluating the relationship between work and family, validated for use in Brazil; (e) various individual, family and organizational strategies contribute to improving the integration of these two roles. In Study 2, the objective was to analyze the effects of paid work hours on people’s wellbeing, in the Brazilian context. Based on the literature reviewed, women with low education, very low incomes and young children tended to have greater health problems because of their double and triple workloads. In addition, workers who had greater problems with their physical and mental health also had lengthy hours of work. In Study 3, the goal was to analyze if there are differences related to gender in the use of social skills, among adults. Evidence was found for the importance of cultural influences on the social skills of men and women. Thus, the objective of Study 4 was to examine the joint influence of work hours, social skills and gender on work-family balance and satisfaction with different facets of life. Interviews were conducted with 142 participants (54 men and 88 women), all of who were in a common law or marital relationship in which both partners were engaged in paid employment, and all were parents of at least one child of up to six years of age. The participants completed the Del Prette Social Skills Inventory, an instrument to evaluate perceptions of work-family spillover (facilitation and conflicts), and scales to evaluate their satisfaction with their job, organization of their home, relationship with their child, marital relationship, and life in general. Some of the key findings were that there was little direct influence of work hours on the work-family balance and satisfaction of the study participants. With respect to social skills, for the men, more so than for the women, their ability to express positive feelings contributed to a reduction in the frequency of work-family conflicts. With respect to the participants’ satisfaction with different aspects of their lives, once again, the satisfaction of the men was more strongly related to their social skills than in the case of the women. Among the women, the influence of social skills was more evident among those who were working part-time. Thus, one can conclude that work hours, social skills and gender are important factors that, jointly, can affect the work-family balance and satisfaction of workers with pre-school aged children. In future studies, it will be important to use larger samples, a longitudinal study design, and more specific instruments for evaluating social skills in each of the areas investigated.
Perfil químico e caracterização estrutural de metabólitos na polpa do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) por RMN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06)
Alves, Thayana da Conceição
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0399434594190877
Acai is a widely consumed fruit in the North Region of Brazil and has gained consumers in other regions of the country and abroad. With the increasing acai pulp demand, quality control measures become necessary to improve its trading; however, there are some problems, such as the fast degradation of the pulp, microbiological contamination and no knowledge on the behavior of the organic compounds present in the pulp of fruits of different origins, growing, seasonality, transport and processing. This study describes the influence of seasonality, growing conditions and genotypic variations on the acai pulp from Belém - PA by 1H NMR combined with chemometric methods, and structural characterization of the chemical constituents by LC-DAD-SPE/NMR. This work was performed in 4 stages: I) Identification of the greatest number of organic compounds by 1D and 2D NMR, without the need for isolation; II) Attainment of the chemical profile by 1H NMR combined with the chemometric treatment of the pulp of the fruits of 31 genotypes cultivated under agronomic control (Embrapa Amazônia Oriental) and also of commercial samples (Belém-PA); III) Verification of the correlation between the 1H NMR chemical profile and the physical-chemical data measured in the same samples; and IV) Identification of the organic compounds present in the commercial acai pulp extracts obtained with an ASETM (accelerated solvent extractor), being the major compounds obtained by 1D and 2D NMR, and the minor ones by LC-DAD-SPE/NMR with time-slice as trapping mode. Tendencies in the distribution of the acai pulp samples were observed according to the type of growing (agronomic control x without control), seasonality (harvest season x inter-harvest season), genetic improvement, and the storage system used by the retailers from Belém, and the compounds responsible for such tendencies were identified. The great variability in the physical-chemical data of the evaluated pulps was verified and, thus, there was no correlation with the 1H NMR spectral data. The ASE provided the best extracts when compared to extracts obtained with the conventional method. Some aromatic compounds were isolated from the acai pulp methanolic extract by LC-DAD-SPE, and their structures were determined based on the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, UV and MS experiments. This study showed the potential of the high-resolution NMR technique to obtain chemical information from the lyophilized acai pulp. The traditional analysis methods (physical-chemical ones) were not viable, since they did not provide good comprehension of the variations of the acai pulps. The ASE extractor was a good alternative to perform the clean-up and extraction of the organic compounds present in acai and the time-slice mode proved efficient in the isolation of compounds at low concentration present in the acai pulp methanolic extract.
Preparação de um novo catalisador de cobre trocado em zeólita magneticamente recuperável para síntese de 1,2,3-triazóis 1,4-dissubstituídos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06)
Costa, Elizama Ramos
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Schwab, Ricardo Samuel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3940423434892933
The search for more sustainable methodologies has led in recent years to a significant increase in the development of more efficient heterogeneous catalysts, easily recoverable and with high stability over several reaction cycles. In this approach, zeolites emerge as a promising alternative for a wide range of reactions in organic synthesis, since they have unique physico-chemical characteristics, such as high acidity, presence of microporosity and also for acting as supports for catalysts prepared by ion exchange, it being possible then, the insertion of several metallic cations in their exchange sites. From this perspective, this work developed a catalyst exchanged with copper in zeolite β with magnetic support of ү-Fe2O3 that allows an easy and efficient separation of the catalyst from the reaction medium. After synthesis, the catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (MET), atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray flowering (FRX), excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetically recoverable copper catalyst (ү-Fe2O3-β-Cu(I)) was used in the synthesis of 1,2,3-1,4-disubstituted triazoles in a multicomponent approach with formation of azide in situ using water as a solvent. The optimization of the reaction conditions was performed using the benzyl bromide, sodium azide and phenylacetylene reagents as model substrates. In the optimization stage, different reaction parameters were evaluated, such as temperature, time, solvent and amount of catalyst. With the result of the optimization in hand, a study was carried out on the scope of the reaction, where the products were obtained with good to excellent yields. At the end of the synthesis, a study was carried out on the recovery of the catalyst, being possible its reuse for up to 5 reaction cycles leading to triazoles in good yields.
Efeito da re-nitretação nas propriedades de matrizes de extrusão a quente de alumínio, confeccionadas em aços ferramenta vex e h13
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-08)
Ottani, Vinicius Cardoso
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Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5755500670550006
Aluminum extrusion is a thermomechanical process widely used throughout the world, and the performance of this process is strongly dependent on the quality of the tool steel used in the manufacture of the dies. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI H13 and VEX hot work tool steels, the effect of re-nitriding on die recovery and tooling performance in field tests. The samples were nitrided with gas and plasma for comparison purposes. The effect of re-nitriding was simulated by performing eleven consecutive nitriding cycles on the samples. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, metallography, X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDS, hardness tests, impact tests and machinability tests. The tubular dies made of both materials were used in the extrusion of AA6060 aluminum alloy profiles for performance evaluation. The results showed that the increase in the number of nitriding cycles influences the surface nitrogen concentration, the white layer and the diffusion zone thickness, the surface oxides growth, the nitrided layer hardness and the substrate hardness. The residual stress profiles of the nitride layer and the effect of the alloying elements on the temperability of both materials were also compared. The experimental simulation of the effect of the working temperature on the dies proved the superior performance of VEX when compared to H13. The higher wear resistance of VEX was attributed to higher resistance to the tempering of the nitride layer and the substrate and depth of the nitride layer after the same number of nitriding cycles.
Avaliação do trabalho docente e suas especificidades na UNESP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-10)
Biffi, Evandro José
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Silva, Eduardo Pinto e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3545723443355153
Our objective in this research was to analyze the assessment procedures and instruments of the teaching work, as well as the education quality and assessment conception, by the teachers and the institution. We began with the hypothesis that the assessment would have a quantitative characteristic, whose tendency would be measuring the productivity. As a start, we analyzed institutional documents, such as: institutional assessment reports; statistical yearbooks; assessment instruments; documents from the Assessment Forum; resolutions; ordinances; letters; instructions; related legislation; and also journals and publications of the servers and teachers union. We could obtain data about the university, its distinct expansion cycles, teaching work and assessment processes to which it is submitted. In a second part of the research, we conducted eight semi-structured interviews with teachers with different profiles. The reports expressed important nuances about the work conditions and views about the assessment processes and the education quality. There were both contradiction as convergences among the conceptions of assessment and quality of the institution and those supported by the teachers. The teacher views about the effects of the assessment system vary according to the profiles and different positioning toward the current policies and the practices in the university. We noticed some specificities in the teaching work assessment at UNESP and its instruments. These, built in the historical context of the State Reform and subordinated to the managerialist ideology and to the productivity and efficiency indexes, assume prominence. The instrumental rationality connects to the effort of the consolidation of the research and the post-graduation. What implied in the hyper-bureaucratization, expressed in hyper-normativity in the performance punctuation. We verified an infinity of resolutions, commission and management structures of teaching work control and its production. The hyper-normativity implies work intensification and results in obstacles to the education quality. The quantophrenia and the instrumental rationality start become part of the university routine, awakening the accession of many who believe in the possibility of measuring the quality of the education, and tend to naturalize the academic productivism and the quantitative assessment of the performance. Yet, also awakened criticism and questionings. Although there was a trend of naturalization of the academic productivism and the assessment processes, most of the teachers pointed to impasses, if not obstacles, to the realization of the education quality.
Imobilização de nanopartículas de ouro em filmes automontados como sensores de íons cadmio e cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-10)
Almeida, Jéssica Cristina de
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Ferreira, Marystela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8973450880047016
Nowadays, with industrial development, the concentrations of toxic materials produced and dumped by factory and domestic waste are increasing. The heavy metals are part of these contaminants which currently contaminate soil and groundwater, threatening the health of all living creatures. For this reason, the environmental monitoring of these metals is increasingly relevant. This work evaluated the development of electrochemical sensors in different architectures and materials, aiming at the detection and quantification of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) metals in contaminated water sources. These electrochemical sensors were constructed by the Layer by Layer (LbL) technique. The LbL uses opposite charge solutions to form self-assembled layers of nanometric thickness by spontaneous adsorption on solid substrates. Sodium montmorillonite clay (MMT-Na +) and b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) are materials whose structure provides adsorption capacity of metal ions. Therefore, they were selected to be immobilized in the self-assembled films. Besides these materials, will also be tested the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to verify the improved sensitivity to the analytes. These AuNPs were synthesized in two shapes: nanospheres (AuNEs) and nanoroads (AuNBs). In this way, films were constructed in the (PAH/MMT)10, AuNEs/MMT)10, (AuNBs/MMT)5 and (PAH/b-CD)5 architectures. The self-assembled films were characterized by spectroscopic and voltammetric analyzes, to verify the growth of their layers and their detection efficiency through the Cd and Cu metals in solution. The electrochemical responses for all tested architectures were successfully obtained. The films built with MMT-Na+ clay presented potential for quantification of metals in wastewater, according to the standards established by the Environment National Council (CONAMA). However, the results obtained at the detection of metallic ions by the b-CD films were more sensitive, allowing the quantification of metals in the maximum permitted concentrations for drinking water according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Variação gênica e estrutura populacional de Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) acessadas por meio de marcador mitocondrial e locos microssatélites
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-10)
Gória, Paula Salles
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Ferreira, Kátia Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4837147817191478
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
Orchid bees (Apidae, Euglossini) are important Neotropical pollinators. Two main features characterize these species: the tongue, which reaches at least half the body length, enabling the search for food resources in general, and the habit on the part of males of collecting aromatic compounds from various plant sources, which is a behavior that is unclearly associated with reproduction. Euglossa cordata is commonly found in cities and has primitive social behavior. Its nests are generally small and often reactivated in relationships between mothers and daughters, sisters or even unrelated females. Although Eg. cordata has been widely studied with regard to ecological and sociogenetic aspects, few studies have investigated how its occupation of the different environments occurs or its patterns of distribution over larger areas, especially with the use of more than one type of molecular marker. The 229 specimens analyzed were from 13 different Brazilian states distributed among the five major geographical regions (central, northeastern, northern, southeastern and southern Brazil). Genetic analysis were performed to verify the suggested sex-biased dispersal pattern, as well as determine population structuring and genetic diversity through the analysis of the mitochondrial 16S gene fragment and 15 microsatellite loci. The 20 characterized haplotypes showed considerable haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The results of the mitochondrial marker analysis also indicate certain genetic heterogeneity among populations, whereas the microsatellite loci indicate greater homogeneity among populations, which is explained by the relationship between dispersal and occupation of the environments by each of the sexes. The occurrence of gene flow, the presumed high number of individuals, the absence of diploid males and the great allelic diversity found suggest a health population. In addition, this work recovered a discussion about the difficulty of amplification of the mitochondrial genes COI and CytB for this species. The data also point to the existence of distinct population groups associated with the coastal and inland regions of the country, suggesting two dispersal routes, which underscores the need for further studies on the species, involving, for example, phylogeographic analysis.
Atuação do intérprete educacional: interfaces entre os campos da educação e do discurso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-10)
Iriarte, Anne Caroline Santana
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Martins, Vanessa Regina de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768682330164550
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621937402072502
The Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) / Portuguese translators and interpreters operate between linguistic and cultural borders. They are the subjects who mediate the interaction among deaf people and listeners. In the school context, however, their work is not restricted to this primary function, that is, it crosses this conception and goes through other ways which do not encompass just the linguistic and communicative aspects. The Educational Interpreter is called to also assume the educative function, as defended by Martins (2013), building a closer and more significant relationship with the deaf student than the one with the conducting teacher, since they share the same language. In this sense, it is necessary that teacher and interpreter work effectively in partnership, exchanging knowledge and experiences which aim to favor the deaf student’s learning and also collaborate to make student and teacher closer. This is a descriptive qualitative research which aims to analyze the Educational Interpreter operation at an inclusive nucleus school with bilingual project in the countryside of São Paulo state. For data collection, the observation instruments of everyday school were used, with registers on field notebook and semi-structured interview with the research subject. Data analysis was done from authors affiliated to Deaf Studies in Education and also Mikhail Bakhtin’s enunciative-discursive theory on the work Marxism and Philosophy of Language; both perspectives are articulated in order to reflect upon the Educational Interpreter practice, because they notice the professional’s activity as linguistic mediation and, beyond this function, they assume the professional is inserted in a sphere that calls for other functions, mainly the educational function, due to the genre and operation characteristic of the sphere itself. Thus, the results point at: a) the importance of a partnership between Educational Interpreter and conducting teacher when planning the methodologies to be used in classroom; b) the adoption of interpretative strategies with the use of image resources that help the deaf student in knowledge building and help the interpreter to have a higher quality performance; c) the importance of schools starting to give tests in Libras to deaf students, since it is through this language they acquire their knowledge; d) the context of a bilingual inclusive nucleus school favors the construction of a partnership between interpreter and teacher and also makes teacher and deaf student closer; e) the formation of the interpreter who works in the school must be specific, with two main lines: linguistic line, in order to acquire competences in translation and interpretation, and pedagogic line; f) Education Interpreters must be included in the offer of continuing formation by the educational systems. Given this, it is expected that this work contributes to broaden the discussions concerning this professional and to the promotion of a high quality teaching to deaf students.
Efeito da servitização no desempenho de pequenas e médias empresas fabricantes de bens de capital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-11)
Queiroz, Stefânia Aparecida Belute
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Mendes, Glauco Henrique de Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7564259060572565
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3848664591530471
Servitization is as an emergent competitive strategy for manufacturing companies. One research gap concerns the need to better understand its impact on firms’ performance. Prior empirical studies have provided inconsistent results regarding servitization-performance relationship. Moreover, the existing literature has concentrated on servitization in large-sized companies. This article aims to examine the factors influencing the servitization strategy in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the impact of this strategy on SME´s performance. The study uses data from 176 Brazilian SMEs and applies structural equation modeling technique to test a set of research hypotheses. The outcomes provide support for the hypothesized positive relationship between servitization strategy and performance by showing that servitization contributes to increase the financial and non-financial performance for SMEs regardless their level of servitization or proportion of service income. Moreover, external factors directly influence the servitization strategy in SMEs and indirectly affect SMEs´ performance through servitization strategy. This work also discusses theoretical and managerial implications.
Formação continuada sobre alienação parental a profissionais da psicologia: um estudo em EAD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-11)
Soma, Sheila Maria Prado
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5149325760046802
Parental Alienation (PA) refers to the behaviors of a parent or family member (alienator) who initiates a defamatory campaign directed at the other parent (alienated), to hinder or prevent the contact of the family member with the child. PA has a scarce number of scientific studies in Brazil and is considered controversial by the scientific literature in spite of the fact that this country has a Federal Law on the subject. Despite the lack of data in the area,forensic professionals, especially psychologists, are called to act in PA cases, and may not be prepared to do so. Thus, the present dissertation has aimed to investigate the familiarity of Brazilian psychologies with PA and how they would use the concept in simulataed cases to subsequentely plan, and evaluate an online training course on the subject, with the purpose of filling possible gaps in the training of suchprofessionals, helping them improve their practices. The results of the dissertation are presented in four scientific papers: the first one refers to an already published review study of Brazilian publications on PA which analyzed 13 studies, verifying that most of them referred to theoretical constructs with questionable validity. The second article evaluated, through an online survey, the concepts of 137 Brazilian psychologists about PA and how they would apply such concept in simulated cases, concluding, among other aspects, that although participants admitted familiarity with the term, they presented difficulties in a case study vignette that with interface with child sexual abuse, demonstrating the need for further training in the area. Article 3 aimed to develop and provide an online PA training and its effectiveness in performance of 40 psychologists in termos of comparison with a PA questionnaire before and after the training. Among the results, statistical significance was found mainly in relation to an increase of familiarity with PA. The fourth and last paper, conducted a social evaluation of 38 psychologists who took the online course. Results pointed out that participants evaluated the training as positive and enriching for their practices. Half of participants presented personal difficulties which were mostly related to personal time management, as well as using resources from the online plataform. Finally, the dissertation unveils the controversial topics associated with PA and the complexity of assessing alegations at risk of minimizing claims of the severe problem of child sexual abuse. In addition, the present work evaluates a pioneer attempt to conduct online training to Brazilian psychologists on PA, which may be a starting point for new empirical studies on the subject, particularly on continuing education to professionals on parental alienation.
Superoutro de Edgard Navarro e o processo de transição da abertura política no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-12)
Freire, Taís Rodrigues
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Paiva, Samuel José Holanda de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7222933274927263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2551641208211664
This research examines the film Superoutro (1989), by Edgard Navarro, which recovers the films developed by the director in the 1970s and points out issues that reflect the period of political and cultural transition, soon after the political opening in Brazil. The main objective of research is to analyze the film in order to understand how the transformations occurred in the democratization process in Brazil, after the military dictatorship established in 1964. The study was conducted in two methodological steps: film analysis, which includes the analysis of film's internal structure and external analysis, both supported by literature review, incluinding topics based on the film and in method of film analysis.
Análise da diversidade bacteriana em solos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-12)
Granig, Mariana Francelino
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Matheucci Junior, Euclides
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4503704334231412
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4729670187454536
Since ancient times the soil has always had a very high importance for the primitive, since the soil was used for food production among other peculiarities. Given this, over time the interest in soil studies were gaining prominence as the study related to soil formation and microorganisms present. With this, it was discovered that many microorganisms present in the soil had beneficial characteristics, and this generated the greater interest to better understand everything that was related to the soil. Taking into account all these points, it is known that in Brazil there is a Brazilian Soil Classification System, which makes it possible to understand what types of soils exist and their characteristics. This is essential in order to understand what type of microorganism is capable of developing, what crop can be planted, and how the soil was formed. However, to obtain an increasingly consistent interpretation of a soil, macro and micronutrient analyzes, pedogenesis, and lately a new analysis has emerged to corroborate all the data, the metagenomics. Therefore, joining all these analyzes is possible to understand all interactions in the soil, including the diversity of microorganisms present. In order to understand all interactions in the soil, samples were collected at the Sugarcane Technology Center (CTC-SP), and these were represented by three different soils, and in these samples physical-chemical analyzes and metagenomic analyzes were performed, which were based on the sequencing by contemplating the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S RNAr gene through the Illumina MiSeq protocol, and later bioinformatics analyzes. From all the data collected and processed through software, these were confronted with the "Silva" bacterial database, and this allowed to determine the bacterial diversity of each type of soil taking into account the levels of taxonomy. Finally, all analyzes were correlated to understand all interactions in each type of soil.
Análise da cobertura da rede de linhas do transporte coletivo urbano em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-13)
Souza Filho, Elias Martins de
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Hirosue, Fernando Hideki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5738854124740660
This research emphasizes the importance of public transportation on the life of users and on city operation. São Carlos’ network of public transport bus lines is the study object, and is run, at the moment, by Suzantur. Through the creation of a network line map of the city, it was possible to analyze the network functionality, disposure and, through the method of determining accessibility area bands around the lines as served areas, calculate the portion of municipal population served by it. The research showed results for São Carlos, and also the possibility of applying this method on other cities. Although existing some overlapping lines, what may decrease the transportation efficiency, the study showed a positive result, as it revealed, for the last few years, an increase on the analyzed system’s coverage, going to 97,40% of the municipal population having accessibility categorized as “good”, which means, at this case, all people inside an area of a 200 meter band around the lines.
Detecção de impactos em estruturas unidimensionais utilizando o método TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-13)
Garcia, Gabriella Faina
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2187363760175978
Impact is a dynamic load on a structure in which a high module force is applied within a short period of time. Then, as the impact has affected a steel beam, it is possible to analyze the mechanical signals measured produced by the piezoelectric sensors. Therefore, in this thesis, the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method is used to detect the impact. It consists of utilizing two sensors placed within a known distance from each other, which have the objective of localizing the impact through measures of the wave transmitted along the beam by the dynamic load. The localization of the impact was done using the method in question and then compared to its actual position.
Dinâmica populacional em diferentes escalas espaciais de duas espécies arbóreas da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-13)
Rosa, Lucas Benedito Gonsales
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Sampaio, Maurício Bonesso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1062184411612711
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Martins, Valéria Forni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0686674300788674
The population dynamics of plants can be differently influenced by environmental differences in both regional and local scales. On a regional scale, population dynamics can be influenced by climate, stochastic events and anthropogenic actions. On a local scale, dynamics can also be influenced by environmental characteristics that differ locally, such as light, topography and soil characteristics. Environmental differences in both regional and local levels are expected to have a greater effect on specialist species, which present a more restricted geographical distribution and lower local abundance than generalist species. The objective of this study was to test the spatial variation in the dynamics of different populations of two tropical tree species, with extremely different geographic distributions and local abundances, and how they responded to environmental differences on a local scale. We used data from two demographic censuses of Faramea picinguabae M.Gomes (Rubiaceae) and Mollinedia schottiana (Spreng.) Perkins (Monimiaceae), which were performed approximately 9 years apart, held in two non-contiguous, permanent 1-ha plots (B and E) located at a region of the Atlantic Rainforest, Southeast Brazil. Due to the species’ geographical distribution and local abundance, we have assumed that F. picinguabae is a specialist species and M. schottiana is a generalist species. Each plot was divided into 100 subplots, in which we measured the canopy opening, elevation, declivity, and soil coverage by rocky boulders. In order to test the existence of spatial variation in the dynamics among plots, we have compared the environmental variables among plots, where the population is defined as the group of individuals of the same species in the same plot. In turn, to test how local environmental variations influence population dynamics, we have divided each of the environmental variables into categories and defined population as the group of individuals of the same species in each of the categories. In the two previous cases, we have calculated the limited rate of annual population growth (λ). We have found differences in annual λ both among plots and among categories of environmental variables only for the specialist species. All populations presented annual λ < 1, except for F. picinguabae on plot B and in environmental categories where the canopy openings are similar and higher than the average among censuses. The population decline of most populations may be explained by the intense drought in Ubatuba in the last decade. However, on a local scale, the population growth of F. picinguabae in plot B may have occurred due to a positive response of this species to the lower soil coverage by rocky boulders, which seems to have balanced the negative consequences of the drought. The understanding of how environmental variations, acting at different scales, influence the λ of plant populations with distinct strategies is important to help predict their behavior against environmental changes. From this, further studies are needed to determine how common this variation in population dynamics is and whether it can be predicted by species strategies, aiming at management actions to stabilize or increase their population size within a forest.
Compatibilização química em compósitos de PLA reforçados com fibras de sisal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-13)
Takahashi, Márcio Conti
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Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4381321217525552
Even though poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is fragile under impact and has low toughness, the polymer stands out for its stiffness and high tensile strength. This polymer is an interesting material not only for short-term applications, such as disposable products, but is also suitable for durable goods. Although PLA is a potential substitute for conventional polymers, its use is limited by high costs. Incorporation of vegetal fibers in PLA matrix has been evaluated as a manner of costs reduction and, consequently, raise the economic competitiveness of the polymer. Poor interfacial adhesion has been observed as consequence of chemical incompatibility of the phases in the composites, resulting in unsatisfactory mechanical performance. Addition of PLA grafted with maleic anhydride, PLA-g-MA, is a possible alternative to improve interfacial adhesion. Aiming costs reduction and, simultaneously, enhance or, at least, maintain PLA’s high mechanical performance, this project investigated the effects of addiction of two types of compatibilizers, prepared by reactive extrusion, with different chemical characteristics: one of them with higher molar mass and lower acidity content and the other with lower molar mass and higher acidity content. Composites containing 10 and 30% wt of sisal fibers were prepared by extrusion. Two levels of compatibilizers mass content, 2 and 6%, were used in formulations. Results of size exclusion chromatography analysis revealed intense molar mass reduction of the matrixes during processing, in presence of sisal fibers. In contrast, the presence and content of compatibilizer had no significant influence on matrixes degradation. Nucleating effect of sisal fibers to PLA crystallization on composites was verified. Were attained increases of 90 and 120% on impact strength and Young modulus in composites, respectively. The objective of maintaining the tensile strength of PLA in the composites was achieved. Meanwhile, no gains were reached on the property, even in presence of compatibilizers.
Confiabilidade do Transporte Público na Cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-13)
Sasaya, Jimmy Tadashi
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Hirosue, Fernando Hideki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0464782881967064
In this work, the results of a diagnosis of the public transportation reliability in the city of São Carlos are discussed. To achieve these results, two methods for reliability evaluation were applied. The first method of evaluation consists in the comparison of the real time that the buses departed with the scheduled times, thus obtaining the percentage of the departures that are made during a threshold of reliability between a departure of no more than 3 minutes before and 5 minutes after the exact scheduled time. The second method of evaluation is composed of a qualitative survey of public transport users, in which it was evaluated concepts about the satisfaction in regard to punctuality and average time of delay or early departure that the general public experiences. It was concluded that the public transport reliability could be considered poor, with only 48% of the trips being considered punctual. The surveys corroborate with the data gathered, showing the users’ dissatisfaction in regard to the reliability. Also presented at the conclusion are some strategies to improve this question.
As mudanças nas leis florestais e a quantificação de serviços ecossistêmicos em microbacias rurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-13)
Rosário, Victor Alexandre Carlotti
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Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572385052955529
The demand for information about resources quantity and quality of a watershed, and how these resources are related with riparian forests, restoration, farming and Ecosystem Services (ES) production, are very debated nowadays. Thus, the determination of factors that directly and indirectly affect the quality and quantity of these resources, and how it affects the landscape dynamic, must be studied for a better balance between agriculture and environment. The objective of this study is quantify the potential of ES production related to soil conservation and carbon stock in different forest restoration scenarios and the adoptions of soil conservation practices in agriculture areas. Two micro watersheds were studied: Posses (Extrema – MG) and Ribeirão Vermelho (São Pedro – SP). Three scenarios were considered: the current land use and soil cover, the old Forest Code (1965 – scenario I), and the Native Vegetation Protection Law (NVPL, 2012 – scenario II). The metrics used in this evaluation were soil loss, soil retention and sedimentation. Carbon stock was estimated for current forest cover, for restoration areas and for the others current land covers and uses. To evaluate the soil conservation and agricultural practices were simulated different scenarios with and without conservation practices and different riparian forest protection buffers. Regarding the current scenario, the NVPL will increase the forest cover, decrease sedimentation, soil loss and increase the carbon stock for the Posses and Ribeirão Vermelho micro watersheds. It was verified that the a bigger forest cover (scenario I), provides less soil loss and less sediment that reaches the waterways when compared to landscapes with lower amount of native vegetation (scenario II). Therefore, the NVPL will reduce the area to be restored, the potential of recovery of forest cover and the ES production related with soil conservation in the micro watersheds studied compared to what would be obtained with the old forest code. In addition, the conservation practices adoption, with and without, influenced soil loss and sedimentation more than the riparian vegetation buffers, evidencing the importance of the adoption of good agricultural practices within the concept of forest restoration and landscape.
Ferramenta de controle glicêmico com interface auditiva, alertas e conectividade wi-fi para diabéticos com dificuldades visuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-16)
Borges, Vinicius Azevedo
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Kato, Edilson Reis Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8517698122676145
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Leal, Ângela Merice de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7202663545989206
Diabetes mellitus is a non-transmissible chronic disease that can cause several complications when untreated, including diabetic retinopathy, the major cause of acquired blindness. The treatment of the disease consists of the control of the glycemia level, which is only possible through a monitoring routine. Glucose monitors, also known as glucometers, help in self-care with the disease, however, most of the commercialized models provide only a visual user interface, making it difficult or impossible to be used by individuals with reduced visual acuity. The objective of this project was to develop a blood glucose monitoring instrument that emitted clear warnings and instructions to facilitate glycemic control with precision, providing autonomy and independence for diabetic patients with visual difficulties. The device was designed using the Arduino microcontroller-based development platform. A speaker sound interface was implemented with predefined alert phrases, a web interface for configurations and data access, and reverse-engineering the operation of biosensor strips for use in the prototype. The results presented a prototype device with a functional speaker interface, with sound quality tested and validated, accuracy of measurements very similar to the commercial apparatus used in the comparisons, as well as other features expected from a commercial appliance. It is also planned to validate the instrument by a control group with diabetic individuals who present visual difficulties.
A necessidade da periodização para uma (re)leitura dos romances The adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) e The adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), de Mark Twain
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-16)
Barbizan, Eduardo Alves de Deus
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1212224184353244
The aim of this research is to point to the need for periodization (JAMESON, 1992) of Mark Twain's novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) to revisit the contemporary reception of books, marked in these readings by the possible accusations of racism and prejudice made to works by critics. The objective of that thesis is to reintegrate the literary texts in their production context and investigate how the ethnic and racial issues are figured in these Twain's novels. By means of concepts of Reception Theory as proposed by Jauss (1967), especially those of horizon of expectations, synchronic and diachronic reception amplified by the political reading as presented by Fredric Jameson (1992), Antonio Candido (1970) and Roberto Schwarz (1987) will seek to re-read these novels tied to their historical context of production.