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Efeitos de jornada de trabalho, habilidades sociais e gênero sobre o equilíbrio trabalho-família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06) Medeiros, Thaís Juliana; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2089547329226656
Given the high workforce participation rates among men and women who have preschool-aged children, it is important to examine evidence about factors that may facilitate the conciliation of paid and family work. In addition to the issue of how to divide one’s time between these two spheres, which may be affected by the parents’ hours of work, the quality of the interactions that are occur in the family and workplace environments is also likely to be important, which may depend on the parents’ social skills. To investigate this issue, a research program was conducted, involving four studies. In Study 1, a literature review was conducted to examine theoretical perspectives used to discuss the interface between paid and family work. It was found that: (a) current theories include negative and positive aspects of the work-family interface; (b) a reduction in work-family conflicts is associated with benefits for the wellbeing of people in these two spheres; (c) workers who reported fewer conflicts had higher levels of work commitment and work satisfaction; (d) there are two instruments for evaluating the relationship between work and family, validated for use in Brazil; (e) various individual, family and organizational strategies contribute to improving the integration of these two roles. In Study 2, the objective was to analyze the effects of paid work hours on people’s wellbeing, in the Brazilian context. Based on the literature reviewed, women with low education, very low incomes and young children tended to have greater health problems because of their double and triple workloads. In addition, workers who had greater problems with their physical and mental health also had lengthy hours of work. In Study 3, the goal was to analyze if there are differences related to gender in the use of social skills, among adults. Evidence was found for the importance of cultural influences on the social skills of men and women. Thus, the objective of Study 4 was to examine the joint influence of work hours, social skills and gender on work-family balance and satisfaction with different facets of life. Interviews were conducted with 142 participants (54 men and 88 women), all of who were in a common law or marital relationship in which both partners were engaged in paid employment, and all were parents of at least one child of up to six years of age. The participants completed the Del Prette Social Skills Inventory, an instrument to evaluate perceptions of work-family spillover (facilitation and conflicts), and scales to evaluate their satisfaction with their job, organization of their home, relationship with their child, marital relationship, and life in general. Some of the key findings were that there was little direct influence of work hours on the work-family balance and satisfaction of the study participants. With respect to social skills, for the men, more so than for the women, their ability to express positive feelings contributed to a reduction in the frequency of work-family conflicts. With respect to the participants’ satisfaction with different aspects of their lives, once again, the satisfaction of the men was more strongly related to their social skills than in the case of the women. Among the women, the influence of social skills was more evident among those who were working part-time. Thus, one can conclude that work hours, social skills and gender are important factors that, jointly, can affect the work-family balance and satisfaction of workers with pre-school aged children. In future studies, it will be important to use larger samples, a longitudinal study design, and more specific instruments for evaluating social skills in each of the areas investigated.
Perfil químico e caracterização estrutural de metabólitos na polpa do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) por RMN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06) Alves, Thayana da Conceição; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0399434594190877
Acai is a widely consumed fruit in the North Region of Brazil and has gained consumers in other regions of the country and abroad. With the increasing acai pulp demand, quality control measures become necessary to improve its trading; however, there are some problems, such as the fast degradation of the pulp, microbiological contamination and no knowledge on the behavior of the organic compounds present in the pulp of fruits of different origins, growing, seasonality, transport and processing. This study describes the influence of seasonality, growing conditions and genotypic variations on the acai pulp from Belém - PA by 1H NMR combined with chemometric methods, and structural characterization of the chemical constituents by LC-DAD-SPE/NMR. This work was performed in 4 stages: I) Identification of the greatest number of organic compounds by 1D and 2D NMR, without the need for isolation; II) Attainment of the chemical profile by 1H NMR combined with the chemometric treatment of the pulp of the fruits of 31 genotypes cultivated under agronomic control (Embrapa Amazônia Oriental) and also of commercial samples (Belém-PA); III) Verification of the correlation between the 1H NMR chemical profile and the physical-chemical data measured in the same samples; and IV) Identification of the organic compounds present in the commercial acai pulp extracts obtained with an ASETM (accelerated solvent extractor), being the major compounds obtained by 1D and 2D NMR, and the minor ones by LC-DAD-SPE/NMR with time-slice as trapping mode. Tendencies in the distribution of the acai pulp samples were observed according to the type of growing (agronomic control x without control), seasonality (harvest season x inter-harvest season), genetic improvement, and the storage system used by the retailers from Belém, and the compounds responsible for such tendencies were identified. The great variability in the physical-chemical data of the evaluated pulps was verified and, thus, there was no correlation with the 1H NMR spectral data. The ASE provided the best extracts when compared to extracts obtained with the conventional method. Some aromatic compounds were isolated from the acai pulp methanolic extract by LC-DAD-SPE, and their structures were determined based on the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, UV and MS experiments. This study showed the potential of the high-resolution NMR technique to obtain chemical information from the lyophilized acai pulp. The traditional analysis methods (physical-chemical ones) were not viable, since they did not provide good comprehension of the variations of the acai pulps. The ASE extractor was a good alternative to perform the clean-up and extraction of the organic compounds present in acai and the time-slice mode proved efficient in the isolation of compounds at low concentration present in the acai pulp methanolic extract.
Preparação de um novo catalisador de cobre trocado em zeólita magneticamente recuperável para síntese de 1,2,3-triazóis 1,4-dissubstituídos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-06) Costa, Elizama Ramos; Schwab, Ricardo Samuel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3940423434892933
The search for more sustainable methodologies has led in recent years to a significant increase in the development of more efficient heterogeneous catalysts, easily recoverable and with high stability over several reaction cycles. In this approach, zeolites emerge as a promising alternative for a wide range of reactions in organic synthesis, since they have unique physico-chemical characteristics, such as high acidity, presence of microporosity and also for acting as supports for catalysts prepared by ion exchange, it being possible then, the insertion of several metallic cations in their exchange sites. From this perspective, this work developed a catalyst exchanged with copper in zeolite β with magnetic support of ү-Fe2O3 that allows an easy and efficient separation of the catalyst from the reaction medium. After synthesis, the catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (MET), atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray flowering (FRX), excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetically recoverable copper catalyst (ү-Fe2O3-β-Cu(I)) was used in the synthesis of 1,2,3-1,4-disubstituted triazoles in a multicomponent approach with formation of azide in situ using water as a solvent. The optimization of the reaction conditions was performed using the benzyl bromide, sodium azide and phenylacetylene reagents as model substrates. In the optimization stage, different reaction parameters were evaluated, such as temperature, time, solvent and amount of catalyst. With the result of the optimization in hand, a study was carried out on the scope of the reaction, where the products were obtained with good to excellent yields. At the end of the synthesis, a study was carried out on the recovery of the catalyst, being possible its reuse for up to 5 reaction cycles leading to triazoles in good yields.