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Avaliação do trabalho docente e suas especificidades na UNESP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-10) Biffi, Evandro José; Silva, Eduardo Pinto e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3545723443355153
Our objective in this research was to analyze the assessment procedures and instruments of the teaching work, as well as the education quality and assessment conception, by the teachers and the institution. We began with the hypothesis that the assessment would have a quantitative characteristic, whose tendency would be measuring the productivity. As a start, we analyzed institutional documents, such as: institutional assessment reports; statistical yearbooks; assessment instruments; documents from the Assessment Forum; resolutions; ordinances; letters; instructions; related legislation; and also journals and publications of the servers and teachers union. We could obtain data about the university, its distinct expansion cycles, teaching work and assessment processes to which it is submitted. In a second part of the research, we conducted eight semi-structured interviews with teachers with different profiles. The reports expressed important nuances about the work conditions and views about the assessment processes and the education quality. There were both contradiction as convergences among the conceptions of assessment and quality of the institution and those supported by the teachers. The teacher views about the effects of the assessment system vary according to the profiles and different positioning toward the current policies and the practices in the university. We noticed some specificities in the teaching work assessment at UNESP and its instruments. These, built in the historical context of the State Reform and subordinated to the managerialist ideology and to the productivity and efficiency indexes, assume prominence. The instrumental rationality connects to the effort of the consolidation of the research and the post-graduation. What implied in the hyper-bureaucratization, expressed in hyper-normativity in the performance punctuation. We verified an infinity of resolutions, commission and management structures of teaching work control and its production. The hyper-normativity implies work intensification and results in obstacles to the education quality. The quantophrenia and the instrumental rationality start become part of the university routine, awakening the accession of many who believe in the possibility of measuring the quality of the education, and tend to naturalize the academic productivism and the quantitative assessment of the performance. Yet, also awakened criticism and questionings. Although there was a trend of naturalization of the academic productivism and the assessment processes, most of the teachers pointed to impasses, if not obstacles, to the realization of the education quality.
Variação gênica e estrutura populacional de Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) acessadas por meio de marcador mitocondrial e locos microssatélites
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-10) Gória, Paula Salles; Ferreira, Kátia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4837147817191478; Del Lama, Marco Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7049630070832874
Orchid bees (Apidae, Euglossini) are important Neotropical pollinators. Two main features characterize these species: the tongue, which reaches at least half the body length, enabling the search for food resources in general, and the habit on the part of males of collecting aromatic compounds from various plant sources, which is a behavior that is unclearly associated with reproduction. Euglossa cordata is commonly found in cities and has primitive social behavior. Its nests are generally small and often reactivated in relationships between mothers and daughters, sisters or even unrelated females. Although Eg. cordata has been widely studied with regard to ecological and sociogenetic aspects, few studies have investigated how its occupation of the different environments occurs or its patterns of distribution over larger areas, especially with the use of more than one type of molecular marker. The 229 specimens analyzed were from 13 different Brazilian states distributed among the five major geographical regions (central, northeastern, northern, southeastern and southern Brazil). Genetic analysis were performed to verify the suggested sex-biased dispersal pattern, as well as determine population structuring and genetic diversity through the analysis of the mitochondrial 16S gene fragment and 15 microsatellite loci. The 20 characterized haplotypes showed considerable haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The results of the mitochondrial marker analysis also indicate certain genetic heterogeneity among populations, whereas the microsatellite loci indicate greater homogeneity among populations, which is explained by the relationship between dispersal and occupation of the environments by each of the sexes. The occurrence of gene flow, the presumed high number of individuals, the absence of diploid males and the great allelic diversity found suggest a health population. In addition, this work recovered a discussion about the difficulty of amplification of the mitochondrial genes COI and CytB for this species. The data also point to the existence of distinct population groups associated with the coastal and inland regions of the country, suggesting two dispersal routes, which underscores the need for further studies on the species, involving, for example, phylogeographic analysis.
Imobilização de nanopartículas de ouro em filmes automontados como sensores de íons cadmio e cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-10) Almeida, Jéssica Cristina de; Ferreira, Marystela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8973450880047016
Nowadays, with industrial development, the concentrations of toxic materials produced and dumped by factory and domestic waste are increasing. The heavy metals are part of these contaminants which currently contaminate soil and groundwater, threatening the health of all living creatures. For this reason, the environmental monitoring of these metals is increasingly relevant. This work evaluated the development of electrochemical sensors in different architectures and materials, aiming at the detection and quantification of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) metals in contaminated water sources. These electrochemical sensors were constructed by the Layer by Layer (LbL) technique. The LbL uses opposite charge solutions to form self-assembled layers of nanometric thickness by spontaneous adsorption on solid substrates. Sodium montmorillonite clay (MMT-Na +) and b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) are materials whose structure provides adsorption capacity of metal ions. Therefore, they were selected to be immobilized in the self-assembled films. Besides these materials, will also be tested the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to verify the improved sensitivity to the analytes. These AuNPs were synthesized in two shapes: nanospheres (AuNEs) and nanoroads (AuNBs). In this way, films were constructed in the (PAH/MMT)10, AuNEs/MMT)10, (AuNBs/MMT)5 and (PAH/b-CD)5 architectures. The self-assembled films were characterized by spectroscopic and voltammetric analyzes, to verify the growth of their layers and their detection efficiency through the Cd and Cu metals in solution. The electrochemical responses for all tested architectures were successfully obtained. The films built with MMT-Na+ clay presented potential for quantification of metals in wastewater, according to the standards established by the Environment National Council (CONAMA). However, the results obtained at the detection of metallic ions by the b-CD films were more sensitive, allowing the quantification of metals in the maximum permitted concentrations for drinking water according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Atuação do intérprete educacional: interfaces entre os campos da educação e do discurso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-10) Iriarte, Anne Caroline Santana; Martins, Vanessa Regina de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768682330164550; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621937402072502
The Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) / Portuguese translators and interpreters operate between linguistic and cultural borders. They are the subjects who mediate the interaction among deaf people and listeners. In the school context, however, their work is not restricted to this primary function, that is, it crosses this conception and goes through other ways which do not encompass just the linguistic and communicative aspects. The Educational Interpreter is called to also assume the educative function, as defended by Martins (2013), building a closer and more significant relationship with the deaf student than the one with the conducting teacher, since they share the same language. In this sense, it is necessary that teacher and interpreter work effectively in partnership, exchanging knowledge and experiences which aim to favor the deaf student’s learning and also collaborate to make student and teacher closer. This is a descriptive qualitative research which aims to analyze the Educational Interpreter operation at an inclusive nucleus school with bilingual project in the countryside of São Paulo state. For data collection, the observation instruments of everyday school were used, with registers on field notebook and semi-structured interview with the research subject. Data analysis was done from authors affiliated to Deaf Studies in Education and also Mikhail Bakhtin’s enunciative-discursive theory on the work Marxism and Philosophy of Language; both perspectives are articulated in order to reflect upon the Educational Interpreter practice, because they notice the professional’s activity as linguistic mediation and, beyond this function, they assume the professional is inserted in a sphere that calls for other functions, mainly the educational function, due to the genre and operation characteristic of the sphere itself. Thus, the results point at: a) the importance of a partnership between Educational Interpreter and conducting teacher when planning the methodologies to be used in classroom; b) the adoption of interpretative strategies with the use of image resources that help the deaf student in knowledge building and help the interpreter to have a higher quality performance; c) the importance of schools starting to give tests in Libras to deaf students, since it is through this language they acquire their knowledge; d) the context of a bilingual inclusive nucleus school favors the construction of a partnership between interpreter and teacher and also makes teacher and deaf student closer; e) the formation of the interpreter who works in the school must be specific, with two main lines: linguistic line, in order to acquire competences in translation and interpretation, and pedagogic line; f) Education Interpreters must be included in the offer of continuing formation by the educational systems. Given this, it is expected that this work contributes to broaden the discussions concerning this professional and to the promotion of a high quality teaching to deaf students.