Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2018-08-18"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 12840

Uma abordagem baseada em redes neurais artificiais e clusterização para previsão de curto prazo da demanda de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-18)
Scremin, Eric Reinoldo
;
Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3192696689626429
Electricity plays a crucial role in the development of a country because it directly influences many sectors of the society. In this sense, the demand forecasting is of paramount importance for the maintenance and growth of the electric power systems. Currently, there are different approaches used for such forecasting. In addition, there are many variables that can influence the performance of this process. Among these variables, one can highlight those derived from the climate. Therefore, this work proposes the application of an Artificial Neural Network of Multilayer Perceptron type with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm, using temperature and demand as input variables. Moreover, another objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between variables, making use of the k-means clustering method on the input data. The results show that this clustering-based approach obtains predictions with low error rates. However, slightly better results were obtained when the data were not clusterized
Abordagem de martingais para análise assintótica do passeio aleatório do elefante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-20)
Miranda Neto, Milton
;
Gava, Renato Jacob
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0494315910583969
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2915296953908754
In this work we study the elephant random walk introduced in (SCHUTZ; TRIMPER, 2004), a discrete time, non-Markovian stochastic process with unlimited range memory that presents phase transition. Our objective is to proof the almost sure convergence for the subcritical and critical regimes of the model. We also present a demonstration of the Central Limit Theorem for both regimes. For the supercritical regime we proof the convergence of the elephant random walk to a non-normal random variable based on the articles (BAUR; BERTOIN, 2016), (BERCU, 2018) and (COLETTI; GAVA; SCHUTZ, 2017b).
Fisiologia de Chlorella sorokiniana e Ankistrodesmus densus: efeitos e dinâmica de nanopartículas de cobre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-20)
Barreto, Daniela Mariano
;
Tonietto, Alessandra Emanuele
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3056194008699912
;
Lombardi, Ana Teresa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
The phytoplankton community is composed of microalgae that support food chains in aquatic ecosystems. In these environments they are immersed in a complex matrix of organic and inorganic substances. In some situations, they are still subject to a range of anthropogenic wastes that end up entering aquatic environments, such as nanoparticles (NPs). Due to the unique characteristics of NPs, their use is intense, even if neither use nor disposal is regularized by competent governamental agencies. Toxicological studies on the effect of NPs on phytoplankton have controversial results. The toxicity of NPs is related to their reactivity, which depends on the size of the particles, formation of aggregates, availability of organic matter, among other factors. In this study, we first sought to understand the dynamics of NPs in algal cultures and followed investigating on the physiological effects of copper NPs (NPs-Cu) on two freshwater Chlorophyta (Chlorella sorokiniana and Ankistrodesmus densus) exposed to nominal NPs-Cu concentrations estimated for the environment (0.57 to 12.70 μg L-1) and above these (up to 635.0 μg L-1). We analyzed parameters related to growth, photosynthesis and intracellular biomolecules under controlled laboratory conditions at 72 h cultures. The results showed that the population growth rate was affected in both microalgae species. The intensity of the photosynthetic processes varied according to the microalgae, with C. sorokiniana being more resistant than A. densus that presented reductions in photosystem II quantum yield, electron transport rates and consequentely in the estimated gross primary productivity. The biochemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) was affected in the presence of NPs-Cu in both microalgae, but at environmentally relevant concentrations of NPs-Cu only carbohydrates were affected. Protein synthesis was stimulated at the higher end of the NPs-Cu concentration range, suggesting the production of antioxidant proteins associated with cell detoxification. This study is a contribution to the knowledge of the toxicology of NPs to freshwater microalgae and their possible consequence in natural environment.
Impactos econômicos globais da redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-20)
Silvestrini, Murilo Mazzotti
;
Gomes, Alexandre Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002157193962189
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8183879774699219
The purpose of this work is to simulate reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) to analyze the behavior of emissions and gross production value (GVP) of 40 countries considering the global emission mitigation target, identifying those that present greater economic impact. The methodology of this work is based on the use of Linear Programming and Input-Output in the Multi Regional matrix with GHG emissions, and the data used are from the WIOD tables which represents 40 countries composed by 35 sectors for the year 2009. Three different scenarios were modeled: the pessimistic scenario, the moderate scenario and the optimistic scenario, with reduction of 10%, 30% and 50% of the global GHG emissions, respectively. The results showed the greatest emission reductions in China, India, Russia and Brazil, which also showed the greatest decrease in VBP. The United States and Japan, despite of presenting a high percentage of emission reductions, especially in the optimistic scenario, had a lower economic impact due to their economic structure. European countries, such as Germany, the United Kingdom and France, showed little reduction in emissions and VBP. Furthermore, the scenarios modified the overall composition of emissions and VBP, with the share of GHG emissions increasing in European countries, in addition to the increase of their participation in global VBP. The conclusion is that the reduction of emissions in the face of a global GHG mitigation goal is greater in the most emission-intensive countries, causing the greatest economic impact, mainly due to the production structure of the economic sectors based on higher emission technologies.
Otimização superestrutural de biorrefinaria de cana-de-açúcar com hidrólise e gaseificação da biomassa vegetal e biodigestão da vinhaça e do licor de pentoses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-20)
Fonseca, Gabriel de Castro
;
Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
The production of ethanol in sugarcane biorefineries generates large amounts of by-products such as straw, bagasse and vinasse. The objective of this work was to develop and implement a tool for the analysis of investments within the framework of a sugarcane ethanol bio-refinery (E1G) designed to take advantage of all these by-products in the production of second generation ethanol (E2G) and electricity. The combustion of bagasse in low pressure boilers for energy self-sufficiency of the process is a widely used technology. Not all distilleries, however, adopt the technology to produce surplus electricity. Two alternatives for the production of these surpluses were examined: the combustion of straw and bagasse in high pressure boilers (Rankine cycle) and biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC). The impact of biogas production by anaerobic digestion of vinasse on the techno-economical viability of the process was also investigated, since the production of second generation ethanol leads to vinasse throughputs even larger than those observed in traditional distilleries. An autonomous distillery with capacity to process 3.84 million tons of cane per harvest and recovery of 50 % of straw from the field was considered. The economic analysis was based on factored-cost estimates and on superstructural optimization in order to define the optimal fraction of hydrolyzed bagasse and the best process for energy production. The uncertainty regarding the economic analysis was estimated by the Monte Carlo method. Different case studies were evaluated assuming changes in product prices, reduction in investment costs due to technological learning effects and expectations for the long-term scenario. In most scenarios the optimal operation involved the generation of electricity by combustion of biomass in high pressure turbines and in all scenarios, the optimum involved the hydrolysis of all bagasse and the production of biogas. Nonetheless, under the conditions evaluated in this work, none of the scenarios evaluated were deemed economically feasible, suggesting that these technologies are not yet sufficiently mature for commercial use without support from the public sector.
Desafios contemporâneos da Ciência da Informação: influenciadores digitais como objetos de investigação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-20)
Dantas, Melina Simardel
;
Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7343134610824006
Constantly, new informational practices have been strengthened by virtual and collaborative information and communication technologies in contemporary times. In this context, the (informational and communicational) practices used by digital influencers consist of a new information action, which, according to this work, have been poorly explored in the scientific perspective of Information Science (IS). In this scenario, the general objective of this research was to bring the IS closer to the new actions of production and consumption of information on the web promoted by digital influencers, analyzing how studies of these new informational practices and informational individual would fit the scope of Information Science. Based on bibliographical research and literature review, studies were carried out both to contextualize and characterize IS, information as its object of study and contemporary users of information, as well as to understand the current informational individuals and current information and communication practices, to produce relations between Information Science and digital influencers. It was noticed that IS, in its evolution as a scientific area, has become a science capable of investigating a wide range of contents, not being restricted to the technical and theoretical aspects related to information, being also in the field research related to the aspects applied and social information uses and users. The objective was to understand, describe and contextualize the digital influence and digital influencers in IS, suggesting approximations of the topic in the range of the Working Groups (WGs) of the National Meeting of Research in Information Science (ENANCIB), indicating possible tendencies for studies about digital influencers in Information Science.
Diagnóstico da Rede Sociotécnica de Inovação em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-21)
Silva, Daniela Salgado Gonçalves da
;
Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2401064231048780
Innovative activity is considered a social and collective process, in which its learning takes place through interactions. The more complex the learning, the greater the need for interaction and complementarity. Therefore, there is an open interaction environment that depends on the communities and networks of innovation that should create value and bring collective benefits. In this sense, the present research aims to diagnose the articulation existing in the strategic sectors formed by a sociotechnical network linked to the management of innovation in a São Paulos’s state Federal University and, to identify with the sector representatives, which strategies could be implemented to increase the effectiveness of the processes managed by this network. It is a qualitative-quantitative research whose strategy is the case study by means of the inductive method, where an empirical investigation was carried out that contemplated evaluating a contemporary phenomenon within its real context. As a time cut for data collection, we have the period between the second half of 2016 and the first half of 2018, with a view to identifying which are the institutional networks, how they flow from the perception of the sector representatives, and what results can we from the perceptions identified in the interviewees' statements. As for the use of results, this is an applied research whose practical emphasis is on problem solving. As for the ends, it is a descriptive research. As for the nature of the method, it is a qualitative-quantitative research. The case unit is a governmental organization, part of the apparatus of the State, from the public management, non-profitable character with type of academic organization: University. The current reality of the structure linked to the management of innovation of this institution is seen in this research as the central problem. This work aimed to describe, analyze and identify the degree of sector interaction and level of articulation of this sociotechnical network of research and innovation management based on the following question: "Considering the social responsibility of a federal university in the interior of the state of São Paulo, to what extent does the political and administrative articulation of the sociotechnical network for innovation management occur, since there is a potential possibility of sectoral integration that has a positive impact on institutional management?" This research is justified by the importance of the Scientific, Technological and Innovation Institutions (STII), including public institutions of higher education, in mapping processes with the establishment of an articulated network in which to better organize their scientific capital, financial and human resources expended in the aggregate of a considerable burden of bureaucratic, academic, research and financial activities. The assumptions of the study consider that the articulation between the actors of this network is deficient and that, due to the constant movement of the unstable political scene, as well as of the updates in the legislation related to science, technology and innovation, the university starts to implement organizational arrangements for to meet the requirements of the federal government and to meet the requirement of social responsibility, but not necessarily promoting integration in its entirety among the strategic sectors. At the end of this research, we were able to identify the perception of the representatives of the analyzed organizational units and to point out strategic elements that which aim to contribute to the public management of this institution. The result contributed to generating a suggestion of articulation and strategic sector interaction in this organization, in order to foster the management of innovation, based on the current reality, a new administrative and political team that assumed its functions for the 2017- 2020.
Um olhar crítico-libertador sobre o movimento de construção curricular da rede municipal de Sorocaba entre 1999 e 2007
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-21)
Nunes, Fabiana Boschetti
;
Torres, Juliana Rezende
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2260101923416580
The present research deals with the movement of curricular construction of the municipal network of Sorocaba between the years 1999 and 2007, with the objective of investigating the approximations and distances of this one with Paulo Freire's conception of critical-liberating curriculum. It presents a qualitative approach and makes use of bibliographical and documentary research to find the results. The main theoretical bases were: Paulo Freire, Moisey Mikhaylovich Pistrak, Luiz Carlos de Freitas, Antonio Flavio Barbosa Moreira, Thomaz Tadeu da Silva, Ivor F. Goodson, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da Silva, Ana Maria Saul, Alice Cassimiro Lopes, Demétrio Delizoicov, among others. In the preliminary analyzes, we observed an apparent approximation of the Sorocaba curriculum with the Freirean curriculum perspective, when we find the texts of Paulo Freire, the readings of the innovative experiences coming from the municipalities and the technical staff of the Paulo Freire Institute (IPF, 1998 - like the Citizen School of Porto Alegre). Among the results of the curricular movement of this municipality in constructing a curriculum concerned with the local reality and its articulations with the school knowledge, initially, we observed that this curriculum sought to break the logic of the linear content, of the sequences of contents designated by didactic books, understanding that the specific concepts of the areas of knowledge are not an end in itself, given that such a concept, in a critical-liberating perspective, should be in the service of a social practice. We explain that this curricular proposal, once analyzed based on the curricular theories, went through the three (traditional, critical and post-critical) and also identified the presence of the freirean categories addressed: dialogue, problematization of reality and praxis implicitly, without deepening or distant from conception in Freire, because at that time, the organization of teaching through thematic complexes was mistakenly seen in relation to the generative themes proposed by Paulo Freire.
Juquitiba na modernidade: uma análise da condição socioespacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-21)
Marcelino, Denise de Camargo
;
Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7381414457704564
The objective of this study was to identify the process of expansion of the urban way of life that induces socio-spatial segregation, and how an economic and social formation of the place is resistant and present: a temporality parallel to that of global time, which is still part of modernity. The analysis used the concept of place better describe this temporality, starting from the scale of the neighborhood inserted in the municipality. The neighborhood, containing a specific socio-spatial formation, which, not totally achieved by the urbanization of life, is a testimony of a differential temporality that is defended modernity. The importance of place becomes essential to move transformations and give individuals the strength to transform their world, allowing the coexistence of contrasting times in space.
Estudo de vias alternativas aos sistemas LiaFSR e YycFGHIJ que levam à diminuição da sensibilidade à daptomicina em Enterococcus faecium
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-21)
Mello, Suelen Scarpa de
;
Camargo, Ilana Lopes Baratella da Cunha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4104096171600845
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8568026403283913
Enterococcus is one of the most important multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens. Infections caused by vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) are becoming increasingly difficult to treat, often with prolonged hospital outbreaks that are real challenges. Daptomycin (DAP) is a drug of last resort for treating infections caused by VRE; mainly E. faecium belonged to clonal complex 17, called "high risk" clone. In this study, samples of E. faecium from the Hospital de Base de São Jose do Rio Preto were analyzed by molecular typing and the susceptibility profile to several antimicrobials was determined. A high-risk vancomycin-resistant clone with reduced susceptibility to daptomycin has been identified spreading in the hospital. The mechanism of DAP resistance is not fully elucidated. For the purpose of studying the mechanism of resistance to DAP in the clinical isolates of this hospital and to identify new pathways to resistance, DAP hyper-susceptible E. faecium HBSJRP18 clinical isolate was used to perform in vitro selections until resistant mutants were obtained. Subsequently, genes with mutation in these selected isolates, as well as those already described in the literature, were analyzed in the clinical samples. Genomes of these mutants were sequenced and compared to the DAP hyper-susceptible E. faecium HBSJRP18 to detect the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes that may be related to resistance to DAP. The mutated/intact genes were overexpressed in the hyper-susceptible/resistant strain, thus DAP MIC was determined to investigate their roles in resistance to that antibiotic. The genes that showed mutations in the three BHI selections were lafB-like, a glycosyltransferase possibly involved in the LTA biosynthesis, and dhaK, a dihydroxyacetone kinase possibly involved in the metabolism of glycerol. Cloning and overexpression of the genes of interest were performed, which enabled the evidence of the role of lafB-like in hyper-susceptibility to DAP. dhaK still remains unclear if it is actually involved in resistance. Mutations in these genes were also found in all clinical samples, as well as the liaFSR genes already described in the literature. The findings of this study have a particular importance considering that vancomycin-resistant E. faecium infections have grown frighteningly in the present day. The lafB-like gene may be a potential therapeutic target and should be better studied for this.
Enigma do tempo: o problema da objetividade na contraposição entre Heidegger e Cassirer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-21)
Mergulhão, Adriano Ricardo
;
Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5484918883344452
This thesis analyses the objectivy problem in both Heidegger and Cassirer works, using the time concept as connecting thread for the comprehension of the existente counterpoint between their theories. This sistematic aprouch makes a reconcilemente of their main thesis possible, because both of them proposes a rereading of the kantian transcendental philosophy, using diferente aproaching methods for a common problem. Thus, the objectivity problem will be discussed, starting from the symbolic-epistemological perspective of Cassirer and the phenomenological-hermeneutic position of Heidegger, according to the positive contrast established between them. We propose that, even having some divergences, both authors enphasize the time concept centrality, implied to the imagination function, exposede in the chapter of the kantian transcendental schematism, as a ground for compreension of the objectivy problem. Therefore, we maintain that there is an interdependence from the antagonism of their positions, because, both center their arguments on the relation between the productive imagination and the objectivity, thematic that propitiates a common ground for the opening of a proficient dialogue. Therefor, the objectivity problem, goal of continuous inquiry in the Heidegger´s proposals and Cassirer´s motions, it will be only properly clarified with the analysis of implications that the time concept acquires in each philosopher’s doctrines, allowing in this way the reciprocal discernment of this theoretical purposes, that overcomes an one-side and preconceived theoretical dichotomy.
O Conselho Municipal de Transporte e Trânsito de São Paulo (CMTT/SP): participação e mobilidade urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22)
Barbosa, Gisele Heloise
;
Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0778971514940998
This research analyses the relationship between the creation and development of the São Paulo Municipal Transport and Traffic Council (CMTT-SP) and the June 2013 Protests. Given the proximity of the Protests with the creation of the CMTT and the similarity of the themes, we analyze the complexity of the interweaving of participation, linking the causes and actors of the June 2013 Protests to the participatory institution. This research uses as theoretical basis neoinstitutionalism, deliberative democracy and participatory democracy theory to understand the definitions of institutionalized participation, extra-institutional participation, participatory institution and institutionalization of participation. Also, we situate the concepts in the Brazilian democratic reality, establishing the links between a modality of street protest and the development of an urban mobility policy management council. The research is a case study and adopts a qualitative approach, delimiting as the period of analysis from 2013 to 2017, during the Protests and the creation and development of the CMTT, until the change of city mayor. To answer the proposed objectives we analysed the councils documents, news that contextualized the performance of the actors and legislation related to transportation and urban mobility. We also did semi-structured interview with council members and with members of social movements related to mobility, especially the Free Pass Movement (MPL), indagating on their participation in Protests and in the CMTT. Data analysis showed that the Municipal Transport and Traffic Council held important discussions on urban mobility, allowing the representation of groups that would not have voice if this space did not exist, mainly for the elaboration of the Municipal Mobility Plan. The institutionalization of participation, adopted by the Haddad government by street pressure in June 2013, although there was already a legal need to create the CMTT, proved to be fundamental for the defense of public transport, because there are conflicting interests in the delimitation of public transport space. Although the MPL has formally refused to participate in the Council, some members follow the discussions indirectly. We conclude that there was a very complex relationship between the Council and the June Protests. The themes, the logics of action and the discursive repertoires of the Manifestations appeared at various moments in the Council's trajectory, evidencing the interweaving between the two participatory processes and proving the hypothesis presented in this work.
Promoção de crescimento de cultivares de alface pela levedura rizosférica Torulaspora globosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22)
Cabrini, Paloma Garcia
;
Sala, Fernando César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
;
Rosa-Magri, Márcia Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604
The soil harbors great microbial diversity which remains unknown, as regards species, microbial groups and functions in the ecosystem. Among the known microorganisms that inhabit the soil, one group is described as beneficial to agricultural activities: the plant growth promoter microorganisms (PGPM). They are able to aid the development of plants through, mainly, the production of phyto-hormones, nutrients solubilization and control of phytopathogens. Among the PGPM, yeasts present slight prominence, because they are in less quantity in the soil. However, studies in the literature indicate that this group presents great potential, as it presents excellent results in in vitro experiments, regarding the main mechanisms of stimulus to plant development. Considering the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the germination, initial development of seedlings, seedlings and adult lettuce plants inoculated with the rhizosphere yeast Torulaspora globosa and its metabolites. Two experiments were realized; the first consisted of the inoculation of seeds and lettuce seedlings of the Crocantela variety under greenhouse conditions, germinated in substrate and transplanted to the field. The second experiment consisted of evaluating, under laboratory controlled conditions, the action of yeast, its metabolites and tryptophan on germination and initial development of lettuce (Crocantela and Valentina varieties). Finally, the action of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, alone and co-inoculated with the yeast, was evaluated in the development of the Valentina variety. The results showed that for yeast and field trials, yeast inoculation provided seedlings with a lower root length, despite a higher root mass (smaller and more branched root system). The leaves appeared wider and longer, which was reflected in a larger mass of the aerial part. The evaluation of the plants at the post-harvest showed that for the variables height, leaf number, leaf length and width, and fresh weight of shoot, the noninoculated treatment had statistically lower values. The results for the trials under controlled conditions showed that the treatment of the seeds of the cultivars Crocante and Valentina did not affect significantly the germination. The seedlings, however, of the Crocantela variety showed roots smaller and with less area when treated with the yeast and its metabolites. The metabolites of the yeast with tryptophan (T7), in turn, provided a larger root diameter. The data obtained by the Valentina variety showed that the treatment with yeast, its metabolites and addition of tryptophan (T5) provided the best results, especially for volume, root area and number of root tips. The treatments with tryptophan addition (with yeast (T6) or metabolites (T7)) presented the least satisfactory results for the development of the seedlings. It was possible to observe that the treatment 5 also showed the best in stimulating the production of root hair for the Valentina variety. The addition of the A. brasilense, isolated and in co-inoculation with the yeast, did not promote significant growth of lettuce seedlings of the Valentina variety. From the data presented we can observe that the inoculation of the seeds and seedlings with the yeast showed to be efficient in the promotion of lettuce growth. Studies related to inoculation methods, inoculum formulations, cell concentrations and chemical analysis of the metabolites produced, however, are imperative to optimize the results of growth promotion and the establishment of the technology.
Contribuição da educação ambiental na formação de sujeitos ex-moradores de rua da cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22)
Silva, Larissa Pedrolongo da
;
Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882
;
Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
Environmental problems have sparked concern about the future of the planet and the living and survival conditions of future generations and other living beings, due to a series of alarming and increasing impacts, including pollution and climate change that have caused the lack of water in several places. With this, the environmental perception and the relation of the human being with the water have become the object of study of several researchers. Another worrying issue is the increase in the number of individuals living on the streets and the relation they establish between themselves and their environment. Education has the potential, in working with the general population, to contribute to the search for solutions to these social and environmental problems. Therefore, the present research aims to know the relevance of activities in environmental education for the formation of ex-homeless individuals from the city of São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo. In the research was adopted the Methodology of Communicative Research that has as one of its objectives to change the self-image of the participants, generating transformations in social and cultural relations with their environment. This is part of the concept of Dialogic Learning that aims to overcome the different types of social segregation through rigorous principles, based on Freire's dialogicality and Habermas's communicative action. The participants of this survey were thirteen men, ex-homeless, living in a religious NGO, which shelters and assists men to leave their lives on the streets and participate in MOVA group, in which the author of this research is an educator. In the first part of this work, an in-depth interview was conducted with the participants, to know their environmental and water perception, and then proceeded to a communicative discussion. The speech of each one was analyzed in parallel with the perceptions of riverside individuals from Cachexia de Emas and urban individuals from the city of São Carlos, presented in previous work. In the second part, successful communicative activities were carried out, called interactive groups, reanalysis of the interview and communicative discussions. The activities of the interactive groups were planned based on the students' perception of water and based on theory of complexity, focused on education, in which the activities sensitize the learners and lead them to know all the areas that involve a thematic. In the case of this research, the subject selected by the students was the water issue in the Coreg do Gregório watershed, in São Carlos-SP. The speeches were analyzed according to the following categories: "use of water resources" and "access to water", and were subdivided into transformers and obstacles. It was concluded that individuals, ex-homeless, have a perception of the water that approaches both the riverside and the urban individuals due to their existence, experience and culture. And also, those used here to deal with environmental issues, particularly water, using the concept of Dialogical Learning and, together with a complex approach, help in the development of critical thinking in order to overcome injustice in social relations and degradation in relations with the environment.
Uso de imagens do Sentinel 2 na estimativa de parâmetros biofísicos da vegetação em áreas de Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22)
Perez, Gabriel Guariglia
;
Lopes, Luciano Elsinor
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6504793265492545
;
Bourscheidt, Vandoir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795
Information about vegetation biophysical parameters can be used in many applications, and remote sensing is showing itself to be a good tool to obtain it. In this study we investigated the possibility of using Sentinel 2 images to estimate vegetation biophysical parameters measured in field and with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). The study was conducted in areas covered by Atlantic Forest in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) using three Sentinel 2 images. Additionally, we used a Landsat-8/OLI image for temporal proximity with the LiDAR data, tested the effect of topographic correction on the images and made an analysis of leaf reflectance in lab. The analyzed field variables were height, DBH (Diameter at breast height), percentage of canopy cover, and number of individuals. The LiDAR variables were height of the first returns, height of the last returns and number of returns per pulse. A total of 26 variables were extracted for comparisons with the images through OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and RF (Random Forest) regression models. These comparisons were made with single bands, the vegetation indices RVI (Ratio Vegetation Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), NDI45 Normalized Difference Index B4 and B5), IRECI (Inverted Red-Edge Chlorophyll Index) and S2REP (Sentinel 2 Red Edge Position), and with all the possible rations between two bands. The results show that many biophysical parameters are related to the images (r² up to 0.62), and the topographic correction seems to have a positive effect in the estimates, especially for LiDAR derived variables. The best models generated with field data were regressions between multiple Sentinel 2 bands and tree height, canopy cover and biomass. For the LiDAR data, the results were in general better than with field data and also involved regressions with multiple Sentinel 2 bands in comparison with canopy height and cover. Among the images, the one that presented better relations with the biophysical parameters were Sentinel 2 image of December 26, 2016. The validation results of the LiDAR models show that they work in different areas of the same image in which they were trained but can only be applied in different images after an appropriate atmospheric correction. In general, vegetation indices did not show better results than individual bands. Among the bands, we highlight the role of B5 (705 nm, red-edge) for the success of many estimates, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis of leaf reflectance made in lab. For future studies, we recommend better investigation of wavelengths close to 705 nm and the potential of Sentinel 2 band 5. For the creation of models that can be used in different images, we recommend the use of level 2A Sentinel 2 imagens (surface reflectance), that will be available globally by the end of 2018. Finally, we also recommend to consider other variables such as classes of successional stages and the comparison of Sentinel 2 imagery with other phytophysiognomies.
Panorama e perspectivas das políticas públicas e normativas para a transição energética no contexto da UNASUL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22)
Cintra, Roberta Hehl de Sylos
;
Oliveira, Celso Maran de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9050347633367499
The Union of South American Nations (UNASUL) is an international organization made up of twelve South American countries, made official in 2008, and is seeking a process of regional integration, in which the economic factor is not the central issue, but treated in conjunction with policies social policies. One of the main goals of UNASUL is energy integration. In this new international geopolitical dynamic, UNASUL faces the great challenge of aligning integration with energy transition, preserving resources and promoting the transition to a low carbon economy. Once established the role expected by this entity in the face of regional and global energy demands, level of participation of renewable energies within these negotiations is investigated. The main objective of the work was to investigate the regulations for renewable energies planned for the energy integration of the UNASUL countries, and how the South American Energy Treaty (TES) contributes to the energy transition of the region. The intention is to demonstrate the hypothesis that the sustainable development proposed by the entity will not occur without implementation of policies and legal norms for the immediate energy transition and future consolidation of renewable energies in the member states. Environmental problems such as the climate crisis, mitigation processes and the potential of renewables for the achievement of sustainable development, as well as the dangers of not promoting these forms of energy use, are described in the course of the work. It deepens for a discussion on the need of public policies for the effective promotion of renewable energies, exposing two examples of success, Chile and Germany. Next, it is investigated the essentiality of the renewable policies being worked in a broad context, taking into account the contiguity of environmental resources and the intermittence in their energy functions. At this point, UNASUL's proposal is presented, and energy potentials of each country are described, stressing complementarities, challenges and insecurities. Potential for energy security and efficiency, as well as for socioeconomic development are demonstrated, showing the increase of employment, poverty and inequalities decreases, and the potential for a more equitable distribution of the assets and liabilities of energy. After reviewing all the renewable regulations in each country, describing the main instruments for promoting new technologies, normative frameworks were drawn up, gathering the main information and data collected. From this, correlations and comments on similarities and normative discrepancies are presented, in order to contribute to a future legal harmonization. Finally, it is discussed the plausibility of the planned TES in promoting the regional integration in a sustainable way and in keeping with the objectives and propositions of the entity. The implications of the TES regulations for integration are exposed, concluding that there is no prospect of energy transition processes to occur if it is taken as planned. It is proposed and discussed new understandings on the right to energy, beyond mere access, raising it to the category of fundamental human right, describing and commenting on new principles, legal institutes and the current themes of democracy and energy justice, as an essential way of achieving the ideals of equal rights and life with dignity.
As fontes de informação do IBGE no contexto da inteligência competitiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22)
Muniz, Jéssica Rocha
;
Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0016359254511604
Competitive Intelligence (CI) is an expanding topic in organizational, business, business, and current literature. Understand by many authors as a process composed of phases that constitute a systematized cycle, which are, in general: Identification of Needs, Planning, Collection, Analysis and Dissemination and Evaluation. Thus, CI has become a great ally in the decision-making process and decision making of organizations and companies, for having information analyzed to respond to organizational needs. Likewise, the use of Information Sources for studies of HF is of paramount importance, since HF works with different types and forms of Information Sources that accompany it in its process and help to respond to its informational, organizational, etc. demands. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) is a very important information dissemination organization that presents a great variety of Information Sources that portray Brazil in the social, economic, market and technological branches. From this perspective, this research presents as its general objective, to investigate IBGE's sources of information in the context of Competitive Intelligence, in order to understand if this institute, as the largest information provider in Brazil is being used in CI works and if these sources have potential to be used in CI. This research had a qualitative and quantitative approach. Carried out an exploratory and descriptive study, with a bibliographical and documentary survey. Thus, the existence of research groups in CI, the various data and information contained in the IBGE that has possibilities of use in CI, and the investigation of the Intelligence work were identified, although few are found in the SCOPUS database used IBGE as a source of information. The aim of the research was to raise awareness about the use of IBGE information as a source of information for the CI regarding the generation of new concepts and strategies of action based on the understanding of the variables understood by the competitive environment.
Estudo da interação entre genótipos, locais e anos e do coeficiente de repetibilidade em etapas finais do melhoramento genético da cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-23)
Leme, Gabriela Estefano Saraiva
;
Gazaffi, Rodrigo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506894662453338
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1536934874820068
The last stages of a genetic breeding program are characterized by the conduction of multi-environmental trials (MET) aiming at the correct selection of promising genotypes in relation to characters of agronomic-industrial interest, such as stem production. Multi-environmental trials are characterized by the evaluation of a group of genotypes in different production environments in order to identify that have greater genetic stability and adaptability. Under these conditions, quantitative genetics studies, such as quantification of the coefficient of repeatability and interaction between genotypes and environments, have the potential to reveal information that can assist the breeders involved during the breeding stages. Considering three populations of sugarcane breeding, the present work aimed at quantifying the coefficient of repeatability to infer the representativeness of the data obtained for each genotype along the numbers of repetitions and / or cuts and their relation to quality experimental; and to develop a study of the triple interaction between genotypes, environments and harvest years through the generalized GGE analysis methodology for three factors context, with the aid of the Tucker3 decomposition. Among the results, the coefficient of repeatability showed a significant and negative correlation with coefficient of variation and that the coefficient of repeatability was not associated with production environments, especially by the classification presented by Prado et al. (2013), whose foundation is based on water availability and soil characteristics. For the analysis of genotypes, environments and local interaction, it was concluded that, when studying the sites, the grouping converged to the Koppen-Geiger climatic classification; and for the cut factor a contrast of selection between cane plant and harvests was detected.
Fabricação de amostras maciças da liga Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb com estrutura amorfa pela rota de atomização e extrusão a quente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-23)
Santana, Diego de Araujo
;
Gargarella, Piter
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
;
Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
Metallic glasses alloys are a relatively new class of materials characterized by the absence of structural long-range order. During heating, these alloys exhibit a glass transition at a temperature (Tg) before reaching the crystallization temperature (Tx). Within this temperature interval (ΔTx = Tx - Tg), they behave as a supercooled-liquid and their viscosity decrease around 6 orders of magnitude compared to the value observed at room temperature. This feature opens up possibilities for consolidation of atomized powders with amorphous structure when it is carried out within ΔTx. In this sense, the present work aimed to study the fabrication of bulk parts of Fe43.2Co28.8B19.2Si4.8Nb4 metallic glass by a combination of gas atomization and hot extrusion. Two gas atomizations were carried out by means of a modified spray forming equipment. Due to the availability of an ingot of the Fe43.2Co28.8B19.2Si4.8Nb4 alloy produced from elements of commercial purity, this material was used for the first atomization. Subsequently, an ingot was produced using high purity elements in a vacuum induction furnace and it was used as feedstock for the second atomization. The atomizations were not able to produce powders with 100% amorphous structure, but produced powders with proper particle size and morphology to be used for consolidation experiments. The powders were deformed within their supercooled liquid interval, producing samples with a diameter of 7.5 mm. The particles were highly deformed, suggesting that they underwent a homogeneous deformation. However, cracks were observed in the samples. The crystalline fraction in the extruded bodies was similar to that observed in the powders.
Limites institucionais e impactos sociais: a interrupção do projeto “IFSP: Conheça-nos!”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-23)
Giraldi, Gabriela do Prado
;
Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8451577641254353
The creation and strengthening of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo are part of a package of developmental measures adopted for the implementation of public education policy. After a few years of implementation of the São João da Boa Vista Campus of the IFSP, it was noticed the need to strengthen its relationship with the local and regional community. Thus, the project "IFSP: Conheça-nos!" has been implemented from 2015 to 2016, which combines the university extension to public communication, in order to inform the services offered by the institution and to relate to its public. It happens that after two years fulfilling the objectives proposed and generating positive results, the mentioned project was interrupted. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify the motivation of its end and its consequences, trying to propose ways for the continuity of the popularization actions of the school. This is because the discontinuity of the project activities suggests that institutional limits were decisive for its interruption. In order to fulfill the objectives, the present study structured through a bibliographical survey, documentary and secondary data analysis, as well as interviews with representative agents (project members) and participant observation, since the researcher was part of the team. Among societal, organizational and personal barriers, it can be said that all of them contributed in some way to the interruption of the project. However, organizational factors were preponderant to their discontinuity. Issues related to culture and the niches of power existing in the organization were the main cause of the team's discontinuance in persisting with the execution of the activities, thus revealing a serious problem of democratic school management. It can be concluded that the social consequences or impacts that result from this scenario is the perpetuation of a vicious cycle that keeps a public institution impervious to the interests of the community. Since there is no democratization of services, besides opening spaces for individualistic interests, the school institution fails to fulfill its transforming role in society, as provided for in its institutional and legal documents, thus reflecting the country's social development indicators. Finally, it is hoped that this work will contribute to the agenda of empirical research on the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology, as well as on communication in public institutions, reflecting ideas and actions of the area that contribute to democratization of public education policy.