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O Conselho Municipal de Transporte e Trânsito de São Paulo (CMTT/SP): participação e mobilidade urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22) Barbosa, Gisele Heloise; Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0778971514940998
This research analyses the relationship between the creation and development of the São Paulo Municipal Transport and Traffic Council (CMTT-SP) and the June 2013 Protests. Given the proximity of the Protests with the creation of the CMTT and the similarity of the themes, we analyze the complexity of the interweaving of participation, linking the causes and actors of the June 2013 Protests to the participatory institution. This research uses as theoretical basis neoinstitutionalism, deliberative democracy and participatory democracy theory to understand the definitions of institutionalized participation, extra-institutional participation, participatory institution and institutionalization of participation. Also, we situate the concepts in the Brazilian democratic reality, establishing the links between a modality of street protest and the development of an urban mobility policy management council. The research is a case study and adopts a qualitative approach, delimiting as the period of analysis from 2013 to 2017, during the Protests and the creation and development of the CMTT, until the change of city mayor. To answer the proposed objectives we analysed the councils documents, news that contextualized the performance of the actors and legislation related to transportation and urban mobility. We also did semi-structured interview with council members and with members of social movements related to mobility, especially the Free Pass Movement (MPL), indagating on their participation in Protests and in the CMTT. Data analysis showed that the Municipal Transport and Traffic Council held important discussions on urban mobility, allowing the representation of groups that would not have voice if this space did not exist, mainly for the elaboration of the Municipal Mobility Plan. The institutionalization of participation, adopted by the Haddad government by street pressure in June 2013, although there was already a legal need to create the CMTT, proved to be fundamental for the defense of public transport, because there are conflicting interests in the delimitation of public transport space. Although the MPL has formally refused to participate in the Council, some members follow the discussions indirectly. We conclude that there was a very complex relationship between the Council and the June Protests. The themes, the logics of action and the discursive repertoires of the Manifestations appeared at various moments in the Council's trajectory, evidencing the interweaving between the two participatory processes and proving the hypothesis presented in this work.
Panorama e perspectivas das políticas públicas e normativas para a transição energética no contexto da UNASUL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22) Cintra, Roberta Hehl de Sylos; Oliveira, Celso Maran de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9050347633367499
The Union of South American Nations (UNASUL) is an international organization made up of twelve South American countries, made official in 2008, and is seeking a process of regional integration, in which the economic factor is not the central issue, but treated in conjunction with policies social policies. One of the main goals of UNASUL is energy integration. In this new international geopolitical dynamic, UNASUL faces the great challenge of aligning integration with energy transition, preserving resources and promoting the transition to a low carbon economy. Once established the role expected by this entity in the face of regional and global energy demands, level of participation of renewable energies within these negotiations is investigated. The main objective of the work was to investigate the regulations for renewable energies planned for the energy integration of the UNASUL countries, and how the South American Energy Treaty (TES) contributes to the energy transition of the region. The intention is to demonstrate the hypothesis that the sustainable development proposed by the entity will not occur without implementation of policies and legal norms for the immediate energy transition and future consolidation of renewable energies in the member states. Environmental problems such as the climate crisis, mitigation processes and the potential of renewables for the achievement of sustainable development, as well as the dangers of not promoting these forms of energy use, are described in the course of the work. It deepens for a discussion on the need of public policies for the effective promotion of renewable energies, exposing two examples of success, Chile and Germany. Next, it is investigated the essentiality of the renewable policies being worked in a broad context, taking into account the contiguity of environmental resources and the intermittence in their energy functions. At this point, UNASUL's proposal is presented, and energy potentials of each country are described, stressing complementarities, challenges and insecurities. Potential for energy security and efficiency, as well as for socioeconomic development are demonstrated, showing the increase of employment, poverty and inequalities decreases, and the potential for a more equitable distribution of the assets and liabilities of energy. After reviewing all the renewable regulations in each country, describing the main instruments for promoting new technologies, normative frameworks were drawn up, gathering the main information and data collected. From this, correlations and comments on similarities and normative discrepancies are presented, in order to contribute to a future legal harmonization. Finally, it is discussed the plausibility of the planned TES in promoting the regional integration in a sustainable way and in keeping with the objectives and propositions of the entity. The implications of the TES regulations for integration are exposed, concluding that there is no prospect of energy transition processes to occur if it is taken as planned. It is proposed and discussed new understandings on the right to energy, beyond mere access, raising it to the category of fundamental human right, describing and commenting on new principles, legal institutes and the current themes of democracy and energy justice, as an essential way of achieving the ideals of equal rights and life with dignity.
Uso de imagens do Sentinel 2 na estimativa de parâmetros biofísicos da vegetação em áreas de Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22) Perez, Gabriel Guariglia; Lopes, Luciano Elsinor; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6504793265492545; Bourscheidt, Vandoir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1287735043243674
Information about vegetation biophysical parameters can be used in many applications, and remote sensing is showing itself to be a good tool to obtain it. In this study we investigated the possibility of using Sentinel 2 images to estimate vegetation biophysical parameters measured in field and with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). The study was conducted in areas covered by Atlantic Forest in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) using three Sentinel 2 images. Additionally, we used a Landsat-8/OLI image for temporal proximity with the LiDAR data, tested the effect of topographic correction on the images and made an analysis of leaf reflectance in lab. The analyzed field variables were height, DBH (Diameter at breast height), percentage of canopy cover, and number of individuals. The LiDAR variables were height of the first returns, height of the last returns and number of returns per pulse. A total of 26 variables were extracted for comparisons with the images through OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and RF (Random Forest) regression models. These comparisons were made with single bands, the vegetation indices RVI (Ratio Vegetation Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), NDI45 Normalized Difference Index B4 and B5), IRECI (Inverted Red-Edge Chlorophyll Index) and S2REP (Sentinel 2 Red Edge Position), and with all the possible rations between two bands. The results show that many biophysical parameters are related to the images (r² up to 0.62), and the topographic correction seems to have a positive effect in the estimates, especially for LiDAR derived variables. The best models generated with field data were regressions between multiple Sentinel 2 bands and tree height, canopy cover and biomass. For the LiDAR data, the results were in general better than with field data and also involved regressions with multiple Sentinel 2 bands in comparison with canopy height and cover. Among the images, the one that presented better relations with the biophysical parameters were Sentinel 2 image of December 26, 2016. The validation results of the LiDAR models show that they work in different areas of the same image in which they were trained but can only be applied in different images after an appropriate atmospheric correction. In general, vegetation indices did not show better results than individual bands. Among the bands, we highlight the role of B5 (705 nm, red-edge) for the success of many estimates, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis of leaf reflectance made in lab. For future studies, we recommend better investigation of wavelengths close to 705 nm and the potential of Sentinel 2 band 5. For the creation of models that can be used in different images, we recommend the use of level 2A Sentinel 2 imagens (surface reflectance), that will be available globally by the end of 2018. Finally, we also recommend to consider other variables such as classes of successional stages and the comparison of Sentinel 2 imagery with other phytophysiognomies.
As fontes de informação do IBGE no contexto da inteligência competitiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22) Muniz, Jéssica Rocha; Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0016359254511604
Competitive Intelligence (CI) is an expanding topic in organizational, business, business, and current literature. Understand by many authors as a process composed of phases that constitute a systematized cycle, which are, in general: Identification of Needs, Planning, Collection, Analysis and Dissemination and Evaluation. Thus, CI has become a great ally in the decision-making process and decision making of organizations and companies, for having information analyzed to respond to organizational needs. Likewise, the use of Information Sources for studies of HF is of paramount importance, since HF works with different types and forms of Information Sources that accompany it in its process and help to respond to its informational, organizational, etc. demands. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) is a very important information dissemination organization that presents a great variety of Information Sources that portray Brazil in the social, economic, market and technological branches. From this perspective, this research presents as its general objective, to investigate IBGE's sources of information in the context of Competitive Intelligence, in order to understand if this institute, as the largest information provider in Brazil is being used in CI works and if these sources have potential to be used in CI. This research had a qualitative and quantitative approach. Carried out an exploratory and descriptive study, with a bibliographical and documentary survey. Thus, the existence of research groups in CI, the various data and information contained in the IBGE that has possibilities of use in CI, and the investigation of the Intelligence work were identified, although few are found in the SCOPUS database used IBGE as a source of information. The aim of the research was to raise awareness about the use of IBGE information as a source of information for the CI regarding the generation of new concepts and strategies of action based on the understanding of the variables understood by the competitive environment.
Promoção de crescimento de cultivares de alface pela levedura rizosférica Torulaspora globosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22) Cabrini, Paloma Garcia; Sala, Fernando César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202; Rosa-Magri, Márcia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4647805518452142
The soil harbors great microbial diversity which remains unknown, as regards species, microbial groups and functions in the ecosystem. Among the known microorganisms that inhabit the soil, one group is described as beneficial to agricultural activities: the plant growth promoter microorganisms (PGPM). They are able to aid the development of plants through, mainly, the production of phyto-hormones, nutrients solubilization and control of phytopathogens. Among the PGPM, yeasts present slight prominence, because they are in less quantity in the soil. However, studies in the literature indicate that this group presents great potential, as it presents excellent results in in vitro experiments, regarding the main mechanisms of stimulus to plant development. Considering the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the germination, initial development of seedlings, seedlings and adult lettuce plants inoculated with the rhizosphere yeast Torulaspora globosa and its metabolites. Two experiments were realized; the first consisted of the inoculation of seeds and lettuce seedlings of the Crocantela variety under greenhouse conditions, germinated in substrate and transplanted to the field. The second experiment consisted of evaluating, under laboratory controlled conditions, the action of yeast, its metabolites and tryptophan on germination and initial development of lettuce (Crocantela and Valentina varieties). Finally, the action of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, alone and co-inoculated with the yeast, was evaluated in the development of the Valentina variety. The results showed that for yeast and field trials, yeast inoculation provided seedlings with a lower root length, despite a higher root mass (smaller and more branched root system). The leaves appeared wider and longer, which was reflected in a larger mass of the aerial part. The evaluation of the plants at the post-harvest showed that for the variables height, leaf number, leaf length and width, and fresh weight of shoot, the noninoculated treatment had statistically lower values. The results for the trials under controlled conditions showed that the treatment of the seeds of the cultivars Crocante and Valentina did not affect significantly the germination. The seedlings, however, of the Crocantela variety showed roots smaller and with less area when treated with the yeast and its metabolites. The metabolites of the yeast with tryptophan (T7), in turn, provided a larger root diameter. The data obtained by the Valentina variety showed that the treatment with yeast, its metabolites and addition of tryptophan (T5) provided the best results, especially for volume, root area and number of root tips. The treatments with tryptophan addition (with yeast (T6) or metabolites (T7)) presented the least satisfactory results for the development of the seedlings. It was possible to observe that the treatment 5 also showed the best in stimulating the production of root hair for the Valentina variety. The addition of the A. brasilense, isolated and in co-inoculation with the yeast, did not promote significant growth of lettuce seedlings of the Valentina variety. From the data presented we can observe that the inoculation of the seeds and seedlings with the yeast showed to be efficient in the promotion of lettuce growth. Studies related to inoculation methods, inoculum formulations, cell concentrations and chemical analysis of the metabolites produced, however, are imperative to optimize the results of growth promotion and the establishment of the technology.
Contribuição da educação ambiental na formação de sujeitos ex-moradores de rua da cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-22) Silva, Larissa Pedrolongo da; Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2695360861372019
Environmental problems have sparked concern about the future of the planet and the living and survival conditions of future generations and other living beings, due to a series of alarming and increasing impacts, including pollution and climate change that have caused the lack of water in several places. With this, the environmental perception and the relation of the human being with the water have become the object of study of several researchers. Another worrying issue is the increase in the number of individuals living on the streets and the relation they establish between themselves and their environment. Education has the potential, in working with the general population, to contribute to the search for solutions to these social and environmental problems. Therefore, the present research aims to know the relevance of activities in environmental education for the formation of ex-homeless individuals from the city of São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo. In the research was adopted the Methodology of Communicative Research that has as one of its objectives to change the self-image of the participants, generating transformations in social and cultural relations with their environment. This is part of the concept of Dialogic Learning that aims to overcome the different types of social segregation through rigorous principles, based on Freire's dialogicality and Habermas's communicative action. The participants of this survey were thirteen men, ex-homeless, living in a religious NGO, which shelters and assists men to leave their lives on the streets and participate in MOVA group, in which the author of this research is an educator. In the first part of this work, an in-depth interview was conducted with the participants, to know their environmental and water perception, and then proceeded to a communicative discussion. The speech of each one was analyzed in parallel with the perceptions of riverside individuals from Cachexia de Emas and urban individuals from the city of São Carlos, presented in previous work. In the second part, successful communicative activities were carried out, called interactive groups, reanalysis of the interview and communicative discussions. The activities of the interactive groups were planned based on the students' perception of water and based on theory of complexity, focused on education, in which the activities sensitize the learners and lead them to know all the areas that involve a thematic. In the case of this research, the subject selected by the students was the water issue in the Coreg do Gregório watershed, in São Carlos-SP. The speeches were analyzed according to the following categories: "use of water resources" and "access to water", and were subdivided into transformers and obstacles. It was concluded that individuals, ex-homeless, have a perception of the water that approaches both the riverside and the urban individuals due to their existence, experience and culture. And also, those used here to deal with environmental issues, particularly water, using the concept of Dialogical Learning and, together with a complex approach, help in the development of critical thinking in order to overcome injustice in social relations and degradation in relations with the environment.