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O poder legislativo e a reforma político-institucional no âmbito da política externa brasileira: uma análise a partir das propostas de Emenda Constitucional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-29)
Oliveira, Lisiane Granha Martins de
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Diniz, Simone
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9726360676770459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0262083038278847
Since the Brazilian Constitution of 1824 the conduct of foreign policy has been of considerable concentration in the Executive Branch, having the Legislative Branch a post factum role in its decision making process. This institutional model was not altered by the Federal Constitution of 1988, which established the exclusive competence of the President of the Republic to conclude treaties, conventions and other international acts subject to a referendum of the National Congress when they incur burdensome charges or commitments to national patrimony. In this context, part of the national literature has brought to the discussion the role of the Legislative in the conduct of external relations, debating its role as a mere locus homologous to the decisions coming from the Executive. Likewise, since the late 1990s, there has been a growing movement for the presentation of proposals for amendments to the Constitution (PEC’s) by parliamentarians in order to promote a political-institutional reform in the distribution of competences in the scope of foreign policy. In this way, the objective of this paper is to answer the following question: what is the potential veto point in the decision making process of these PECs, considering that, to date, none of the measures presented has achieved its objective. And in this sense, one will try to understand when, under what conditions and for what reasons, this Power chooses to formally propose the alteration of the rules of the political game in this scope. Thus, it is based on the hypothesis that the Constitution and Justice Commission of the Legislative Houses of the National Congress is a potential veto point for the measures that are the object of this research, acting more for the non-inclusion of these proposals for voting in plenary of that Committee, than for its express rejection in the opinions issued. Methodologically, the bibliographical and documentary research will be used with a qualitative study and analysis of data content regarding these proposed Constitutional Amendments presented at both Houses of the National Congress in the post-enactment period of CF/88 until 2015.
O Colégio São Benedito e a escolarização da população negra em Campinas-SP no início do século XX
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-29)
Sgarbosa, Lívia
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Nascimento, Manoel Nelito Matheus
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4486910967478337
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1120258795712503
In the post-abolition period and in the First Republic, the black population was removed from the minimum conditions to integrate into Brazilian society, which underwent major transformations with the goal of developing the nation. There was a great enthusiasm for education, considered as redemptive and capable of removing Brazil from the situation of backwardness caused by the long period of colonial slavery. Defending the expansion of schools and expanding the supply of places did not apply to blacks, who encountered many barriers to access to education. In this context, the Irmandade São Benedito began, at the end of the 19th century, in Campinas, the offer of education for the brothers and their children of the "men of color", seeking to fill the vacancies in public schools. With this work, we try to understand how the professor Francisco José de Oliveira constituted and maintained the functioning of the Colégio São Benedito in the period from 1902 to 1936 and the participation of the Colégio São Benedito and the performance of the black professors Francisco José de Oliveira and Benedito Evangelista in the process of emancipation of the black population of Campinas, in the post-abolition period, in the early twentieth century. The Colégio São Benedito closed its doors in 1936, and members found themselves drifting, but the struggle of the educators who were involved in this educational institution, lasted for decades, through a litigation process of reintegration of possession. The work then sought to understand these passages and actions of the educators, and was carried out through bibliographical and documentary research. The historical sources were searched in the Memory Center of UNICAMP (CMU), in the archives of the City Hall and Campinas City Council and in the collection of prof. Benedito Evangelista, with documents from the Colégio São Benedito.
Comparação de comunidades de Coleoptera em cultivo de eucalipto e fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na região de Sorocaba, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-29)
Dias, Luiz Philippe
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Ferreira Filho, Pedro José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3952696627229150
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4905494033739138
Studies on ecosystems with different levels of change are important to assess the impact these changes have on biodiversity. Coleoptera are used as environmental bioindicators because of the diversity and variety of their food habits. The objective of this work was to compare the community of Coleoptera in native and cultivated area. The beetles were collected with light traps every two weeks from September 2016 to August 2017 in Eucalyptus platyphylla F. Muell (Myrtaceae) and a semideciduous seasonal forest fragment (FES) in the region of Sorocaba, São Paulo. A total of 1116 individuals, 657 in E. platyphylla and 459 in FES were captured. Coleoptera abundance was similar in both environments, with most of the families observed in both areas. There was no predominance of individuals of a particular trophic group in the environments, so that both herbivorous and predator families had high abundance in the studied areas. Most coleoptera in E. platyphylla and FES fragment occurred in the hot period between October 2016 and March 2017, with population peaks in October. Curculionidae, Elateridae and Carabidae showed a positive correlation with temperature.
Agenda governamental no Brasil: análise da atenção presidencial na nova república (1985-2014)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-30)
Sudano, Andréia di Camilla Ghirghi Pires
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6262668768165357
This thesis investigated the dynamics of attention given by different Brazilian presidents to policies based on the following question: how was presidential attention directed to prioritize certain issues in its legislative decisional agenda between 1985 and 2014? The general objective was to understand, from the comparative evaluation of its composition and changes, the patterns of prioritization of presidential attention in the perspective of its legislative decisional agendas. The analysis of the data was based on the absolute and relative frequency of the policies expressed in the presidential legislative proposals, codified according to the typology of the Comparative Agenda Project (CAP). A descriptive analysis was performed, based on the absolute and relative size of the samples (number of propositions by type, president, government and political party of the president), as well as measures of central tendency and dispersion of the relative frequencies of policies (average, standard error, asymmetry, kurtosis and standard deviation); and (2) statistical analyzes of the relative frequencies of attention to policies, using uni- and multivariate data models (Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance- ANOVA, principal component analysis -PCA- and partial least squares-discriminant analysis -PLS-DA), with the aid of statistical software, to understand differences and to establish comparisons between groups (presidents, governments and political parties). In the results, the product from the presidential priorities was discussed by: (A) presentation of the content emphasized by them in their legislative decision-making agendas (composition and attributes); (B) evaluation of changes (increase, decrease or stability) in presidential attention to policies; (C) comparison (similarities and differences) between the agendas by president, government and political party. As attributes, we observed activist agendas (high capacity), broad (high diversity) and with little variation of volatility. As an exception, one has the agenda of President Dilma Housseff, restrained (low capacity) in comparison with the others. In addition, there was a great convergence of presidential attention to the same issues, which corroborates the indication of institutional and cognitive restrictions imposed on legislative decisional agendas. Presidents of different parties at different times consolidated a similar attention to the set of policies that were presented. However, it was possible to diagnose differences between presidents and changes over the period that expressed the preferences and contingencies that were submitted to each one. The comparative analysis made it possible to discuss the policies with greater emphasis in each group, suggesting the influences that affected the selection and prioritization of policies by the presidents expressed in their legislative decisional agendas.
Análise da variação morfológica em Caipirasuchus paulistanus Iori & Carvalho, 2011 e Caipirasuchus montealtensis (Andrade & Bertini, 2008) (Crocodylomorpha: Sphagesauridae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-31)
Dias, Willian Alexandre Ferreira
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Iori, Fabiano Vidoi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623488132403298
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Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
Caipirasuchus is a genus of Notosuchia that lived during the late Cretaceous in Brazil and, until the present, only found in the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin. Within this genus there are the Caipirasuchus montealtensis and the Caipirasuchus paulistanus species, often referred to as taxon brothers due to their morphological proximity. The morphological similarity raises questions about the taxonomy of these species. The main difference between C. montealtensis and C. paulistanus comes from the existence of the pterygoid chamber in C. montealtensis, a chamber that presents intraspecific variation. The main goal of this study was to analyze the morphological variations in the choana region in order to observe whether these variations could mean sexual dimorphism or speciation. Computed tomography has been used to internally explore the choana region and to evaluate the possible communication between the pterygoid structures and the airways in both C. montealtensis and C. paulistanus. The results obtained support the morphological disparities between C. montealtensis and C. paulistanus. It was possible to identify morphological differences in the pterygoid chamber of the C. montealtensis specimens, a complex secondary chamber is present in the paratype and in the juvenile individual and completely absent in the holotype. A communication between the pterygoid chambers and the airways was found in the juvenile C. montealtensis, suggesting possible functions related to vocalization. The new observations expand the knowledge about C. montealtensis and C. paulistanus anatomy, as well as suggesting the possible occurrence of a new species of Caipirasuchus, from the characters found in the juvenile paratype and C. montealtensis. A stratigraphy is important for the taxonomic elucidation of the group and a broader sampling would assist in the taxonomy and understanding the function of the pterygoid chamber.
Otimização do processo de soldagem robotizada tandem GMAW do aço ASTM A572 G50
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-31)
Rossini, Luis Felipe Scalet
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3004683472463954
The tandem welding process employs double wire feed in a single torch, providing increased deposition rate and consequent reduction in process times. However, the process complexity increases because the correct combination of parameters is essential to avoid the occurrence of interference between the electric arcs and defects, such as inadequate geometry, accentuated base metal casting, which results in failures under service conditions. The understanding of the TANDEM process and the optimization of the cycle times are the motivations of this work, having as a proposal to analyze the presence of defects and the changes in the microstructure and the mechanical strength through the variation of the modes of metallic transfer, angulation of the welding torch and consequent heat input variation. For all parameter variations, ASTM A572 G50 structural steel test pieces welded with ER70S-6 welding wire have been fabricated using robotic welding stations from a Multinational Company. The volume of the weldments has been the same in all variations of parameters, allowing a comparative analysis of the quality of the joint and presence of defects. The probability of occurrence of defects has been analyzed by the high-frequency acquisition of the values of current, voltage and wire feed speed, while the penetration profile and the dimension of the heat affected zone have been examined through macrographs. The analysis of the microstructure of the molten and heat affected areas has been carried out using an optical microscope, while for the determination of the strength, Vickers micro hardness profiles have been obtained. After different test conditions, the best combination of parameters was found, where the master wire was parameterized in continuous current and the slave wire with pulsed metallic transfer, obtaining a 19,3% higher displacement speed of the robot and no occurrence of anomalies in electrical arcs.
Acilação e alquilação fotoquímica de heteroarenos utilizando diacetil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-01)
Dantas, Juliana Arantes
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3791522544686206
N-heterocycles are important building blocks in the synthesis of bioactive compounds, besides that many of them are present in natural products. Most of the methodologies for heteroarene functionalization requires several steps and drastic conditions, thus increasingly it has been reported shorter synthetic routes. C-H activation has emerged with this purpose and can also be applied in the sustainable chemistry area. Thus, in this work it was developed a mild photoinduced C-H activation, free of oxidants and transition metals, of N-heteroarenes incorporating acyl and cetyl groups. In the scope, 2-methylquinolines, 2-methylquinoxalines and 2-methylquinazolines were investigated. The best results were obtained with 2-methylquinolines, leading to a series of derivatives with good to moderated yields. It was also carried out a mechanistic study in order to understand how this reaction proceeds. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated against the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, using as standards chloroquine and primaquine, which are current drugs to treat malaria.
Estratégias para delimitação de regiões de interesse na visualização de consultas por similaridades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-01)
Paiva, Claudio Eduardo
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Bueno, Renato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7189857417959804
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801043718702916
The increase in data volume that has been occurring in recent time has generated the need for new methods of storing and retrieving information not only for the well known conventional data but also for the complex data such as images. In an image database, content-based searches can be done by comparing image characteristics such as color, texture, and shape to find objects similar to a particular search image. The fact, which people can do visual analysis more efficiently than in other ways, makes data visualization an important ally in creating knowledge in many different areas. Therefore, this study aims at analysing ways of visualizing the results of queries similarity in complex data, limiting itself only to the region that the query is being carried out, mapping the data in three-dimensional space and allowing users to interact with them, by changing the visualisation and being favored by the human perception to improve the analysis and the understanding of the data.
A autoeficácia no uso e desenvolvimento de tecnologias: uma iniciativa com meninas do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05)
Mattos, Francielle de
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Lucrédio, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292116311910266
Labor market in the area of Information Technology (IT) is still dominated by male professionals. Despite being a field with a lot of job offer, studies indicate that girls, throughout the school years, are discouraged to pursue a career in such field, which is perceived as a “boy thing”. Thus, there is a global effort to present the Computing field to girls during the school period, in order to mitigate the problem of labor sexual division and the misogyny present in this field. For that, one of the main approaches adopted is the training through the teaching of basic concepts of Computation, logical reasoning, the principles of computer programming, computational thinking, as well as lectures and contact with female professionals in the IT field. Thus, this project aims to verify if such approaches applied in an exclusive female course can increase the levels of self-efficacy in relation to the technology domain. In this course, collaborative projects were implemented, aimed at developing leadership and self-confidence in students, practicing the acquired knowledge and demonstrating the potential of applying technologies to solve real-world problems. To collect data, we applied questionnaires and interviews, in addition to class reports and analysis of the activities carried out during the course. With the questionnaires, data related to the profile of the students and their professional interests, technical knowledge about computational thinking, the profile in relation to the use of technological tools and the self-efficacy in the domain and development of computational solutions, besides the opinion about the course and the contact with professionals. During the study, the activities carried out were recorded, with information about the contents teached, observations, comments and reports of the students during the activities. The interviews were carried out semi-structured at different times of the research period. Interview reports will be recorded in the class journals and participants’ registrations will also be considered in the Facebook and Whatsapp social network groups created to exchange experiences among participants. The collected privacy sensitive data were stored in a password protected manner, in which only the researchers involved had access. The initiative also promoted the students’ contact with professional women in the area of computing, in a supportive and feminine environment, allowing the students to develop self-efficacy and competence in the area of Computing through the teaching of programming. Finally, it was verified from the critical analysis of the data collected that this intervention showed signs that the approaches used can generate an approximation of the participants to the Computing area, minimizing the stereotypes and cultural and social myths associated with misogyny in this career.
Concentrações de cobre ambientalmente relevantes afetam a fisiologia em Chlorolobion Braunii
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05)
Silva, Douglas Henrique Baracho da
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2777019450586476
Copper plays vital role in microalgae metabolism, but what we know about it is largely based in studies conducted with high copper concentrations, much less is known when environmentally relevant copper concentrations in microalgae physiology comes into question. Here, we evaluated the physiology of Chlorolobion braunii exposed to free copper ions concentrations between 5.7x10-9 to 5.0x10-6 mol L-1, thus including environmentally relevant values. Population growth and photosynthetic parameters were determined in 96 h controlled laboratory experiments. Exponentially growing cells (48 h cultures) were analyzed for effective quantum yield and rapid light curves (RLC), as well as total lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, chlorophyll a and carotenoids concentrations. Results showed that growth rates and population density decreased gradually as copper increased in cultures, with chlorophyll a concentration been affected less intensively than the growth parameters. Up to 4.0x10-6 mol L-1 free copper no effect was obtained for maximum and effective quantum yields, and photochemical quenching (qP). However, at 5.0x10-6 mol L-1 they were drastically reduced and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased. Rapid light curves and their parameters (Ek, α and ETRmax) were inversely correlated with free copper concentrations. The yield of biomolecules increased under environmentally relevant copper concentrations, situation where the absolute values were not affected. Two important applications can be delineated from the present research, one related to ecology and the other one to biotechnology. Because copper concentration in the environment is gradually increasing due to anthropic activities, investigations that use environmentally relevant values are of interest to both ecology and microalgae physiology, and closer to reality than acute toxicological investigations.
Resolução de problemas e educação matemática crítica: uma proposta para o ensino de probabilidade.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05)
Fernandes, Flávio Miguel Dos Santos
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Pires, Rogério Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157
The present study is a proposal to the teaching of probability to high school students. A description of the historical and conceptual construction, definitions and theorems about probability as an explanation of classic and frequentist approaches and conditional and geometric probability are presented. . The necessity of an efficient teaching approach was the motivation for the selection of this topic, as well as the official documents. For this construction, concepts and ideas in the teaching of mathematics were used as a theoretical basis for the activity comprehension and methodological strategies, listed next: teaching through problem solving, being Onuchic (1999) as the main reference, with historical characteristics and orientations of teaching of mathematics and critic mathematical education defined by Skovsmose (2008), with important principles and a critic view of role of mathematics on society. With that, a teaching proposal with seven sequential activities is presented. The activities are in accordance with what it was studied and with the theoretical analysis of what is expected on its development. The proposal is not implemented yet, but we expect that it will be implemented, and analyze it in the future.
Recomendações para o desenvolvimento de jogos educacionais: aspectos para a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05)
Fontoura Junior, Paulo Henrique Ferreira
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Otsuka, Joice Lee
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235968002513082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2848367342756894
The use of games as educational resources has been consolidated in recent years, due to the characteristics of these tools, which has the potential to promote active learning along with fun, immersion and challenge. These resources are in some way more related to the way people from current generations learn, once they have been born immersed in digital technologies. As educational resources, it is important that they are accessible to all people, so that their embrancing does not result in the exclusion of some group of people. Given that the main form of interaction used in games is visual, the research process was started on how to create good educational videogames that are accessible to people with visual impairments. The objective of this project is to propose a set of recommendations EduGameAccess, that integrated educational, playability and accessibility aspects for people with visual impairments. This set, or list, was conceived from three consolidated sets of recommendations, selected from a literature review: GAG (2012), PLAY (2009) and Gee Learning Principles (2009). The following scientific procedures and methods were utilised in the research for the construction of the integrated set EduGameAccess: (i) literature review; (ii) evaluation of two accessible videogames developed from an initial set of recommendations; (iii) a case study that permitted an observation of the development process for two educational and accessible games, by a team of game developers. The set under construction was used in all and every stages of the development process, make possible to perform various refinement cycles of the proposed recommendations. In the end, evaluations of the produced games were conducted, following three methods: (i) evaluation by 7 or 8 specialists using the set EduGameAccess; (ii) usability and accessibility tests with users; (iii) evaluation using the eGameFlow, made by 17 or 18 users (5 with no visual impairments, 5 with low vision, 4 or 5 colour blinders and 3 blind). The evaluations made by the experts, using the proposed set, indicated a good convergency in the evaluation of the majority of the recommendation as well as a good understanding of them. The expert's evaluation of the games also pointed out that the most of the recommendations could be satisfactorily fulfilled. Evaluations with users (gameplay / accessibility tests eGameFlow) have showed results very close to the ones obtained with the experts' evaluations, which initially confirms the viability and validity of the set, to help with the educational games development, game that have good playability, are accessible and playable to people with or without visual impairments.
Zoneamento da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Trápaga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05)
Scarascia, Pietro de Oliveira
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Valente, Roberta de Oliveira Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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Leite, Eliana Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
In the last decades, the pressures and threats to the conservation of the Brazilian biodiversity have been increasing day by day. One of the strategies for the protection of natural heritage and biodiversity is the creation and implementation of Protected Areas (PA), which in Brazil are known as Conservation Units, and one of the categories of protected areas is the PNHR (Private Natural Heritage Reserve). The National System of Conservation Units recommends that all PAs should have a Management Plan, which should include a " zoning of the area " and the rules that should govern it. This study was carried out at the PNHR Trápaga, a private reserve of 70 ha, located in the municipality of São Miguel Arcanjo. The objective of this study was to elaborate the zoning of the PA using two different techniques, that is, the mapping of the soil use with remote sensing techniques, and the use of a Biotic Integrity Index (BII) applied to the vegetation of the same. In order to analyze the biotic integrity, the BII was used, which is composed of 11 ecological indicators (litter, clearings, exotic species, lianas, epiphytes, and late indicator species among others). For analysis of the BII, 20 plots of 10x10m randomly arranged in the area. The land use and cover mapping was based on an orbital image (resolution of 5 meters, from June 30, 2014), which was first classified by unsupervised method (K-means algorithm). Considering the result of the first, a supervised classification (Maximum Likelihood algorithm) was performed. The following management areas were used for the elaboration of the zoning thematic map: wild zone-WZ, protection zone-PZ, recovery zone-RZ and visitation zone-VZ. The results showed that 11 plots obtained BII-"Regular", seven-"Good", and only two-"Low". The results obtained BII showed moderate positive correlation (r = 0.03 p = 0.466) with NDVI values obtained in each plot. For the supervised analysis, seven polygons of plots with BII-"Good" and seven of plots with IIB-"Regular" were used. The Confusion Matrix of the supervised classification map elucidated an overall hit of 93.43%. The Confusion Matrix among the classification maps elucidated an overall hit of 90%. From the reliability of the BII correlation with the NDVI, and of the overall accuracy of the classification maps, the zones within the obtained classes were distributed. From this analysis the zoning of the area was elaborated, thus, class 1, represented by BII-“Good" was mapped as WZ (intangible zone); class 2, represented by IIB-"Regular" was mapped as PZ (primitive); and class 3, represented by IIB-"Low", was mapped as RZ (recovery zone). For the definition of VZ (visiting zone) was used earlier work already performed in the study area. Finally, the % of area occupied by each zone was 9% VZ, 17% RZ, 27% WZ and 47% PZ. The zoning map are proposed to be incorporated into the AP Management Plan, aimed at the seal of the government of this management tool.
Políticas públicas municipais e gestão de fauna silvestre vitimada pelo comércio ilegal de animais: análise dos municípios paulistas que possuem CETAS e CRAS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-06)
Zambom, Maria Luiza Appoloni
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Peres, Renata Bovo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6531658001829167
The present research focuses on aspects regarding the municipal management of wildlife victimized by illegal trade. Its main objective is to analyze some aspects of the public policies regarding the management of wild fauna smuggling in the 14 cities of São Paulo State where there are Wildlife Screening Centers (CETAS) or Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers (CRAS). The hypothesis is that the present public policies of the cities studied are still initials. Through a qualitative approach, the applied methodology made use of bibliographical research, search for municipal laws and documents about public policies regarding the fight against animal trafficking, and interviews with those in charge of the department of environmental affairs of each city (group 1), with the ones in charge of the CETAS / CRAS in the state of São Paulo (group 2), and also with experts in the field of study (grup 3). The main results of the research corroborate its initial hypothesis, insofar most of the municipal normative instruments found by the present study only bring municipal educational campaigns, thematic weeks and commemorative dates for the protection, defense and welfare of the animals, focusing on the domestic ones (dogs and cats). The exception is the city of São Paulo, whose laws determine that the city must curb the traffic of wild animals, implant its CETAS and CRAS, and also create the Parliamentary Group for Protection and Defense of Animals. The result of the present study suggests, therefore, that 13 of the 14 analyzed municipalities still need to develop their legal tools of fauna management. It was also noticed that the relations between the CETAS or CRAS and the department of environmental affairs of the cities are also absence of official partnerships. It is important to consider that Sao Paulo, being the capital of the State, has unique structure and administrative capacity in relation to the cities analyzed. The problem of animal smuggling is often not even took in consideration by the education actions developed by environmental agencies of the cities, and there is still a great disregard for the issue from the majority of the managers of municipal environmental departments. In its conclusion, the study proposes that a municipal model for fauna management, with a focus on fighting against animal trafficking, should involve at least the following elements: a specific section or department, preferably as part of the environmental affairs of the city and whose employees are trained; a deliberative municipal council with an equal composition of members of the local Government, organized civil society and representatives of different sectors whose interests are the protection and conservation of the fauna; a specific municipal fund with financial resources to be used to make this management viable; a CETAS or CRAS in the municipality or in nearby cities. To make all this happen, it is necessary that the state fauna management system articulates its actions with the cities.
A consolidação institucional da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil: prerrogativas conquistadas desde sua fundação até a Constituição de 1988
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-08)
Souza, Lucilly Maria Caetano de
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3641122978154041
This research aims to analyse the history of institutionalization of the Brazilian Bar Association (OAB). Although it was created as a professional organization, the Order has managed, over time, to accumulate institutional prerogatives to the corporate functions of class, with strong action in the political and social scene, as well as in the constitutional scope. The wide temporal gap adopted in this research (1930 to 1988) is precisely to understand the ‘institutionalization’ of the organization, as well as the consolidation of a new democratic State of Law, with the promulgation of the Federal Constitution in 1988. It adopts the theoretical perspective of the historical institutionalism because it is the theoretical line that provides the best instruments for the understanding of organizations that acquire institutional characteristics. The Order has become an institution of a hybrid nature. Created to represent a professional category, it began to act and influence at varying levels of power. These characteristics contributed to her gaining prominence in the different political periods of Brazilian history. The OAB became an even more influential actor when acquiring constitutional prerogatives, including its participation and intervention in the organization of political power. The qualitative methodology was used based on extensive literature and documentary research, including legislation and other legal documents issued during the established period of time.
A aprendizagem de catálise enzimática por meio de casos: proposta para o ensino de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-09)
Goulart, Thiago Pereira
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Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
The fundamental aim of provoking innovative forms of knowledge construction in Chemistry during basic education requires the instrumentalization of strategies that can show re-significances of pedagogical practices and understandings about learning in Chemistry, as well as in the other Natural Sciences. Thus, the present study started from the foundations of the strategies of resolution of Investigative Cases and Reflexive Portfolios in order to propose a situation of learning from the enzymatic chemical reactions. The paper proposed the resolution of an Investigative Case written for the specific purpose of which Secondary School students of a private college, approaching a situation related to the daily life of a student of the same series. The writing of the case sought to value the construction of the empathy of the students who would solve it, as a way to dynamize the identification and construction of meanings by them regarding the problem situation presented in the case. The resolution steps were recorded in Reflective Portfolios, and from the totality of these reports produced the body of data used to analyze the reports was extracted. The work of orientations, discussion and resolution of cases involved individual and work steps and group discussions. The main objective of the present study is the characterization of ways in which the development of strategies that value the autonomy, the reflexive character and the identification of the learning objects within the daily life of the students can be possible. From the analysis of the results, four analytical categories emerged that characterize this strategy: the identification of the enzymatic reactions in the daily life of the character of the case; a progressively complex discussion about the structure of the substances and the chemical reactions in which they participate; the identification and discussion of the energy distribution characteristic in determining the occurrence of specific chemical reactions; and, finally, an analysis of the way in which critical judgments are made by the subjects of learning about the sources and the quality of the information they use to support their discourses. Based on the analyzes carried out, it is intended the formulation of a guide with guidelines for teachers and students on how to use investigative cases and reflexive Portfolios in their learning strategies, which concludes the study. One of the possibilities is to join the characteristics, data and discussions present in the Study, elements for an epistemological foundation regarding how it may be possible to raise knowledge in Chemistry from the two instruments presented in the Study - the Cases and the Portfolios - teaching practices that allow expanded views on knowledge, encompassing several areas and different forms of language. The study was carried out in a step-by-step manner, with each one of them orienting the teacher-researcher to the students' own demands. In this way, it was possible to describe learning paths and mechanisms from the forms of reports and reflection presented in the Reflective Portfolios.
Algoritmos genéticos multiobjetivo para classificação hierárquica de elementos transponíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-09)
Pereira, Gean Trindade
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Cerri, Ricardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266519868438512
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3765060702388111
In Machine Learning (ML), commonly a classification problem consists of associating an instance to only one class within an usually small number of classes. However, there are more complex problems involving dozens and even hundreds of classes arranged in a hierarchical structure, which are known in the literature as Hierarchical Classification (HC) problems. In these problems, an instance is assigned not only to one class but also to its superclasses, and two approaches called Global and Local are often used in HC. In the Local Approach, multiple classifiers are trained using local information from classes, while in the Global Approach a single classifier is induced to deal with the entire class hierarchy, which makes it more interpretable. One of the fields of greatest application of HC is Bioinformatics, where tools that explore hierarchical relationships in data and/or made use of ML are still scarce. In addition, an issue that is important for both Bioinformatics and HC fields, and which is not always given due attention, is the interpretability of the models. In the context of Bioinformatics, a topic that is gaining attention is the study and classification of Transposable Elements (TEs), which are DNA fragments capable of moving inside the genome of their hosts. According to recent research, TEs are responsible for mutations in several organisms, including the human genome, which guaranteed them the nickname of great responsible for the genetic variability of species. In this work, three global methods based on Genetic Algorithms that evolve classification rules applied to HC of TEs were proposed and investigated, and in two of them, Multi-Objective Approaches were implemented in order to better deal with the predictive performance and interpretability objectives. The first one is a traditional optimization method called Hierarchical Classification with a Genetic Algorithm (HC-GA), which was used as the basis for the development of the others. The second method is called Hierarchical Classification with a Weighted Genetic Algorithm (HC-WGA), and implements the Weighted Sum Approach. The third method is called Hierarchical Classification with a Lexicographic Genetic Algorithm (HC-LGA), which follows the Lexicographic Approach. Experiments with the TEs class taxonomy developed by Wicker et al. (2007), have shown that the proposed methods have achieved better or competitive results with the state-of-the-art HC methods from the literature, with the advantage of generating interpretable rule models. When compared to the popular global method Clus-HMC, the proposed methods presented better predictive performance in addition to producing less rules with a fewer tests. In the comparisons with the homology tools BLASTn and RepeatMasker, the hierarchical methods achieved superior results in both datasets and were able to classify all the instances, different from what occurred in those tools. Moreover, it was verified that the two multi-objective methods not only obtained the best results for the two datasets used but they also surpassed the simple optimization method with statistical significance.
Níveis de ADAM10 no líquido cefalorraquidiano e soro de indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-12)
Peron, Rafaela Cardoso
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9430355799330389
Researchers have pointed out that the identification of ADAM10 as a biomarker can be an important tool to aid in the clinical diagnosis of AD. The proposal of ADAM10 as a biomarker occurs because it is involved in different physiological and pathological processes, including AD. Studies indicate that ADAM10 platelet levels are lower in patients with AD compared to healthy subjects, however, there are few studies on the expression and activity of this protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study was based on the hypothesis that levels of inactive ADAM10 in CSF and serum are increased in AD compared to cognitively healthy subjects. We evaluated levels and activity of ADAM10 in CSF and serum of patients with AD dementia and mild neurocognitive disorder (TNCL). The participants were submitted to clinical and neurological evaluations, and later CSF and serum samples were collected. The data obtained were analyzed in a database to perform descriptive statistical analyzes, considering statistical significance of 5% (p <0.05). It was possible to demonstrate that levels of soluble ADAM10 are elevated in the CSF and blood serum of patients with AD. Enzyme assays demonstrated absence of ADAM10 activity in serum and CSF, with the presence of ADAM10 activity in platelets. These results allow us to conclude that increased levels of ADAM10 in CSF and serum correspond to the inactive protein and strengthen ADAM10 as a biomarker for AD.
Lean Office aplicado ao fluxo documental de uma Universidade Pública visando à adequação à Legislação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-12)
Boriolo, Raquel Ottani
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Carvalho, Angela Maria Carneiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3860073481051842
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Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
Document Management is a strategical activity in organization, because it provides a series of procedures which are related to its production, proceeding, use, assessment, and archiving of frequently or less frequently used documents, besides providing the correct destination for documents by eliminating those which do not have a historical value or collecting them, in case they have any value, therefore assuring their conservation. In public organizations, Document Management constitutes the process that can ensure law enforcement concerning documents protection and keeping, besides promoting archiving efficiency. However, according to the literature, Brazilian national archives have many problems in their document flow. Lean Office is an approach used for administrative processes, which helps at identifying and eliminating problems and waste, as well as streamlining and adding value to those activities. Thus, its applicability improves document flow in Brazilian national archives. The present research aimed at implementing Lean Office tools at the document flow by an administrative sector of a public university with the goal of optimizing the process and making it appropriate concerning the Document Management of the National Archives. The exploratory research was carried out at a public sector of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and it has a qualitative approach as a basis for its development. The methodological procedures were bibliographical research, documental research and a case study. The Lean Office tool Value Stream Mapping has enabled the recognition of flow document activities which add value to the process and those which do not add value and, therefore, could be eliminated. It has also allowed the observation of flow inadequacies related to what is proposed by the National Archive. This research has identified that there were many problems because the activities in the sector were not guided by Document Management, such as the absence of a standard among the archiving teams in order to ease the search for a document in a current and intermediate archive by anyone; some documents do not have identification of the necessary information to have a destination after finishing the keeping deadline, so they could be eliminated or sent to the permanent file, resulting in document accumulation; some archives do not ensure document conservation, which can cause the loss of documents with historical value; the sectors do not have clear procedures and the teams are not trained. Other Lean Office tools were used in this research, such as: A3 report, assisted by the tool 5 Whys, analyzing the problems and inade0quecies origins; 5W1H to contribute with action proposition of countermeasures suggested at the A3 report and 5S to assist at planning the implementations of the action plan propositions. By using these tools, it was possible to present a future proposal, transforming or eliminating problems and inadequacies, which enabled the proposition of adequacy actions and streamlining processes, making them more effective and less expensive. It has also facilitated the creation of a document flow which is in accordance with Document Management. As a conclusion, Lean Office is able to improve document flow in public organizations and Lean Office tools can be applied to document flow, aiming at enhancing efficiency and adequacy to the rules of the National Archive concerning Document Management.
Seleção de aditivos de sinterização e processamento cerâmico visando otimização da microestrutura do eletróllto sólido BaZr0,8Y0,2O3-δ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-12)
Wendler, Leonardo Pacheco
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7094050586166841
In this thesis, we investigated the production of Yttrium-doped Barium Zirconate proton-conducting electrolytes with 20 at.% of Yttrium (BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ) via solid state reaction. The great challenge presented by this material is its refractory nature, which limits densification as well as grain growth at temperatures below 1700⁰C. The influence of sintering additives on the microstructural development and on the formation of desired phase were also investigated. The literature is lacking on this subject, since there is no consensus concerning the mechanisms of action of sintering additives, and most times, ceramic processing fundaments are not taken in to consideration. In this thesis Aluminum oxide, Zinc oxide and Yttrium-Barium cuprate were selected as additives, being that the latter has not yet been reported in the literature. Compositions without additives were also prepared for comparison purposes. Samples with densification greater than 97% after sintering at 1600⁰C were obtained even without sintering additives and with a mean grain size of 1.40 μm. The results obtained in this thesis show that the real purpose of using certain sintering additives is to affect the formation of yttrium-rich secondary crystalline phase, which remains in grain boundary, hinders grain growth, and damages electrical conductivity. The addition of Al2O3 favored the formation of the secondary phase, limiting grain growth severely. The addition of ZnO minimized the formation of the secondary phase and promoted liquid phase formation, which in turn favored densification from as early as 1300⁰C, but effective grain growth occurred only at 1600⁰C, reaching an average grain size of 2.70 μm. However, the presence of liquid phase lead to grain boundaries with a blocking effect on protonic movement. Yttrium-Barium cuprate (YBC) worked effectively as sintering additive, leading to samples with densification higher than 95% after sintering at 1300⁰C and free of the yttrium-rich secondary phase. The best electrical performance was obtained with samples sintered at 1600⁰C, with a mean grain size of 2.40 μm, non-blocking grain boundary, and total proton conductivity of 9.0x10-3S.cm-1 at 500⁰C, which is about 20% higher than samples without additives.