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Concentrações de cobre ambientalmente relevantes afetam a fisiologia em Chlorolobion Braunii
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05) Silva, Douglas Henrique Baracho da; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2777019450586476
Copper plays vital role in microalgae metabolism, but what we know about it is largely based in studies conducted with high copper concentrations, much less is known when environmentally relevant copper concentrations in microalgae physiology comes into question. Here, we evaluated the physiology of Chlorolobion braunii exposed to free copper ions concentrations between 5.7x10-9 to 5.0x10-6 mol L-1, thus including environmentally relevant values. Population growth and photosynthetic parameters were determined in 96 h controlled laboratory experiments. Exponentially growing cells (48 h cultures) were analyzed for effective quantum yield and rapid light curves (RLC), as well as total lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, chlorophyll a and carotenoids concentrations. Results showed that growth rates and population density decreased gradually as copper increased in cultures, with chlorophyll a concentration been affected less intensively than the growth parameters. Up to 4.0x10-6 mol L-1 free copper no effect was obtained for maximum and effective quantum yields, and photochemical quenching (qP). However, at 5.0x10-6 mol L-1 they were drastically reduced and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased. Rapid light curves and their parameters (Ek, α and ETRmax) were inversely correlated with free copper concentrations. The yield of biomolecules increased under environmentally relevant copper concentrations, situation where the absolute values were not affected. Two important applications can be delineated from the present research, one related to ecology and the other one to biotechnology. Because copper concentration in the environment is gradually increasing due to anthropic activities, investigations that use environmentally relevant values are of interest to both ecology and microalgae physiology, and closer to reality than acute toxicological investigations.
A autoeficácia no uso e desenvolvimento de tecnologias: uma iniciativa com meninas do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05) Mattos, Francielle de; Lucrédio, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292116311910266
Labor market in the area of Information Technology (IT) is still dominated by male professionals. Despite being a field with a lot of job offer, studies indicate that girls, throughout the school years, are discouraged to pursue a career in such field, which is perceived as a “boy thing”. Thus, there is a global effort to present the Computing field to girls during the school period, in order to mitigate the problem of labor sexual division and the misogyny present in this field. For that, one of the main approaches adopted is the training through the teaching of basic concepts of Computation, logical reasoning, the principles of computer programming, computational thinking, as well as lectures and contact with female professionals in the IT field. Thus, this project aims to verify if such approaches applied in an exclusive female course can increase the levels of self-efficacy in relation to the technology domain. In this course, collaborative projects were implemented, aimed at developing leadership and self-confidence in students, practicing the acquired knowledge and demonstrating the potential of applying technologies to solve real-world problems. To collect data, we applied questionnaires and interviews, in addition to class reports and analysis of the activities carried out during the course. With the questionnaires, data related to the profile of the students and their professional interests, technical knowledge about computational thinking, the profile in relation to the use of technological tools and the self-efficacy in the domain and development of computational solutions, besides the opinion about the course and the contact with professionals. During the study, the activities carried out were recorded, with information about the contents teached, observations, comments and reports of the students during the activities. The interviews were carried out semi-structured at different times of the research period. Interview reports will be recorded in the class journals and participants’ registrations will also be considered in the Facebook and Whatsapp social network groups created to exchange experiences among participants. The collected privacy sensitive data were stored in a password protected manner, in which only the researchers involved had access. The initiative also promoted the students’ contact with professional women in the area of computing, in a supportive and feminine environment, allowing the students to develop self-efficacy and competence in the area of Computing through the teaching of programming. Finally, it was verified from the critical analysis of the data collected that this intervention showed signs that the approaches used can generate an approximation of the participants to the Computing area, minimizing the stereotypes and cultural and social myths associated with misogyny in this career.
Recomendações para o desenvolvimento de jogos educacionais: aspectos para a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05) Fontoura Junior, Paulo Henrique Ferreira; Otsuka, Joice Lee; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235968002513082; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2848367342756894
The use of games as educational resources has been consolidated in recent years, due to the characteristics of these tools, which has the potential to promote active learning along with fun, immersion and challenge. These resources are in some way more related to the way people from current generations learn, once they have been born immersed in digital technologies. As educational resources, it is important that they are accessible to all people, so that their embrancing does not result in the exclusion of some group of people. Given that the main form of interaction used in games is visual, the research process was started on how to create good educational videogames that are accessible to people with visual impairments. The objective of this project is to propose a set of recommendations EduGameAccess, that integrated educational, playability and accessibility aspects for people with visual impairments. This set, or list, was conceived from three consolidated sets of recommendations, selected from a literature review: GAG (2012), PLAY (2009) and Gee Learning Principles (2009). The following scientific procedures and methods were utilised in the research for the construction of the integrated set EduGameAccess: (i) literature review; (ii) evaluation of two accessible videogames developed from an initial set of recommendations; (iii) a case study that permitted an observation of the development process for two educational and accessible games, by a team of game developers. The set under construction was used in all and every stages of the development process, make possible to perform various refinement cycles of the proposed recommendations. In the end, evaluations of the produced games were conducted, following three methods: (i) evaluation by 7 or 8 specialists using the set EduGameAccess; (ii) usability and accessibility tests with users; (iii) evaluation using the eGameFlow, made by 17 or 18 users (5 with no visual impairments, 5 with low vision, 4 or 5 colour blinders and 3 blind). The evaluations made by the experts, using the proposed set, indicated a good convergency in the evaluation of the majority of the recommendation as well as a good understanding of them. The expert's evaluation of the games also pointed out that the most of the recommendations could be satisfactorily fulfilled. Evaluations with users (gameplay / accessibility tests eGameFlow) have showed results very close to the ones obtained with the experts' evaluations, which initially confirms the viability and validity of the set, to help with the educational games development, game that have good playability, are accessible and playable to people with or without visual impairments.
Zoneamento da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Trápaga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05) Scarascia, Pietro de Oliveira; Valente, Roberta de Oliveira Averna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911; Leite, Eliana Cardoso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9572606577105626
In the last decades, the pressures and threats to the conservation of the Brazilian biodiversity have been increasing day by day. One of the strategies for the protection of natural heritage and biodiversity is the creation and implementation of Protected Areas (PA), which in Brazil are known as Conservation Units, and one of the categories of protected areas is the PNHR (Private Natural Heritage Reserve). The National System of Conservation Units recommends that all PAs should have a Management Plan, which should include a " zoning of the area " and the rules that should govern it. This study was carried out at the PNHR Trápaga, a private reserve of 70 ha, located in the municipality of São Miguel Arcanjo. The objective of this study was to elaborate the zoning of the PA using two different techniques, that is, the mapping of the soil use with remote sensing techniques, and the use of a Biotic Integrity Index (BII) applied to the vegetation of the same. In order to analyze the biotic integrity, the BII was used, which is composed of 11 ecological indicators (litter, clearings, exotic species, lianas, epiphytes, and late indicator species among others). For analysis of the BII, 20 plots of 10x10m randomly arranged in the area. The land use and cover mapping was based on an orbital image (resolution of 5 meters, from June 30, 2014), which was first classified by unsupervised method (K-means algorithm). Considering the result of the first, a supervised classification (Maximum Likelihood algorithm) was performed. The following management areas were used for the elaboration of the zoning thematic map: wild zone-WZ, protection zone-PZ, recovery zone-RZ and visitation zone-VZ. The results showed that 11 plots obtained BII-"Regular", seven-"Good", and only two-"Low". The results obtained BII showed moderate positive correlation (r = 0.03 p = 0.466) with NDVI values obtained in each plot. For the supervised analysis, seven polygons of plots with BII-"Good" and seven of plots with IIB-"Regular" were used. The Confusion Matrix of the supervised classification map elucidated an overall hit of 93.43%. The Confusion Matrix among the classification maps elucidated an overall hit of 90%. From the reliability of the BII correlation with the NDVI, and of the overall accuracy of the classification maps, the zones within the obtained classes were distributed. From this analysis the zoning of the area was elaborated, thus, class 1, represented by BII-“Good" was mapped as WZ (intangible zone); class 2, represented by IIB-"Regular" was mapped as PZ (primitive); and class 3, represented by IIB-"Low", was mapped as RZ (recovery zone). For the definition of VZ (visiting zone) was used earlier work already performed in the study area. Finally, the % of area occupied by each zone was 9% VZ, 17% RZ, 27% WZ and 47% PZ. The zoning map are proposed to be incorporated into the AP Management Plan, aimed at the seal of the government of this management tool.
Resolução de problemas e educação matemática crítica: uma proposta para o ensino de probabilidade.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-05) Fernandes, Flávio Miguel Dos Santos; Pires, Rogério Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157
The present study is a proposal to the teaching of probability to high school students. A description of the historical and conceptual construction, definitions and theorems about probability as an explanation of classic and frequentist approaches and conditional and geometric probability are presented. . The necessity of an efficient teaching approach was the motivation for the selection of this topic, as well as the official documents. For this construction, concepts and ideas in the teaching of mathematics were used as a theoretical basis for the activity comprehension and methodological strategies, listed next: teaching through problem solving, being Onuchic (1999) as the main reference, with historical characteristics and orientations of teaching of mathematics and critic mathematical education defined by Skovsmose (2008), with important principles and a critic view of role of mathematics on society. With that, a teaching proposal with seven sequential activities is presented. The activities are in accordance with what it was studied and with the theoretical analysis of what is expected on its development. The proposal is not implemented yet, but we expect that it will be implemented, and analyze it in the future.