Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2018-11-19"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 12638

A interdisciplinaridade como tecnologia de ação comunicativa: uma análise hermenêutico-dialética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-19)
Silva, Marco Donizete Paulino da
;
Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474293377346927
We start from the perception that there is a crisis at the scientific level - by the resistance to remodeling the paradigm of Modern Science in the face of complex contemporary reality - and at the socio-environmental level - by maintaining a state of production and consumption that is incongruent with the limitations of resources of the planet. From this understanding, it was argued that a solution perspective would be to find efficient communication possibilities between a General Epistemology - resulting from socio-cultural interaction at individual, national and global level - and a Regional Epistemology - resulting from the interaction of forces between Social Agents belonging to Systemic Social Spaces. In the perspective of this work, a possibility would be established through Interdisciplinarity as a technology of mediation between such epistemes. In this context, our objective was to understand the space of epistemological construction of science in a contemporary global context and the relation of Interdisciplinarity to this process, identifying characteristics of the concept in the midst of its uses as technology, efficient component of the process of communicational action between theoretical enunciative systems (World of Systems) and the general context of enunciation (World of Life). The concepts used as a basis for evaluation of these interactions were the concepts of Communicative Action, Public Sphere, Rationality, and Pretension of Validity - developed by Jurgen Habermas, as well as definitions about the concept of Interdisciplinarity. The research was divided in two stages: Stage 1, establishment of the state of the art of the concept of Interdisciplinarity and its relations with the concept of Epistemology, and exploration of these relations in historical, sociological and philosophical level through concepts belonging to Science, Technology and Society; and, Stage 2, study of theoretical scientific systems expressed in statements recorded in theoretical-reflexive texts subdivided into documentary corpora characterized in this stage as: Corpus 1) texts produced in the period of 1972, belonging to a report of a Congress on Interdisciplinarity (carried out in 1970); Corpus 2) texts produced from 1976-2011 by theorists who approached the conceptual meaning of the terms Interdisciplinarity and Interdisplinary. The methods by which the documentary materials were approached were: in Step 1, Literature Review; and, Step 2, Hermeneutic-Dialectic Analysis Method, having as auxiliary instrument the PMEST, an instrument of categorization of assemblages developed by the Indian Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan. From the obtained results one could point out: identification of the mismatch between a current epistemological reality and the notion of employment of modern science; identification of Interdisciplinarity as an effective Communicative Action technology; identification of argumentative appropriation of statements about the concept of Interdisciplinarity and Interdisciplinary in the order of instrumental and normative communicative actions; and, innovation of the Hermeneutic-dialectical method of analysis through the addition of the PMEST instrument.
Cidade maravilha, purgatório da beleza e do caos: pureza, desejo e perigo na representação de favelas cariocas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-19)
Postigo, Evelyn Louyse Godoy
;
Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3474384732649488
The understanding of Rio de Janeiro's favelas as a problem is not recent. The representations of poverty territories and violent territories have guided the type of interaction that is established with these territories and their populations. However, more recently, tourism in favelas, which was only punctual and with little relevance, is consolidated as a practice, bringing with it other representations and relationships. Based on Urban Sociology epistemology, this research aimed to identify and analyze Rio de Janeiro's favelas as a representation of a microssocial dimension to understand more structural aspects that influence the relationship established with these territories and the place they occupy in the city. For this purpose, the multisituated ethnography was developed, which included field research in some pacified favelas in Rio de Janeiro and analysis of websites regarding agencies that work with tourism in favelas. The time frame of this research lies in the duration of the largest scale program in Rio de Janeiro's favelas contemporaneously: the Pacifying Police Units - PPU. This Public Safety program was elaborated in the face of the state's confirmation of the need for urban restructuring, especially to contain urban violence - even though recent events point to its permanent suspension. In this context, some pacified favelas consolidate themselves as tourist points of the city without, however, breaking the popular imaginary that they are territories of poverty and the main source of the urban violence in Rio de Janeiro's capital. The sustained hypothesis is that, nowadays, the favela representation crosses elements starting from the understanding that they are territories of poverty and crime, tourist point and war zone, resulting in the polarized perspectives of being a population at risk and of risk and triggering, at the same time, the feelings of repulsion and desire. Given this scenario, this thesis presents the portrait of a moment in which representations around purity, desire, danger and, in the limit, war coexist and, contextually, cross spaces and bodies of those who live there.
Propriedades mecânicas e correlação dos parâmetros de FSW e DS-FSW em alta velocidade na liga AA2050-T84, para a indústria aeronáutica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-19)
Ferreira, Felipe Santini
;
Plaine, Athos Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8992899102845408
;
Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) and DS-FSW (double pass FSW) processes were employed in the aluminum AA 2050 T-84 plate joints aiming to make possible to increase the welding speed above 5 mm / s, to obtain welds with optimized properties in relation to the base metal and to study the effects of the final microstructure. Microstructures of the welded joints were analyzed by optical microscopy and EBSD technique, to verify microstructure evolution and to find process defects formations. Mechanical properties were evaluated by microhardness and tensile tests, the results were used to find the conditions within the optimized welding parameters window. Fracture surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal analyzes were measured by thermocouples to correlate the temperature peaks with the microstructural transformations. Fatigue tests were performed to verify the applicability in aeronautical structures. Finally, were performed welding by FSW with water cooling (WC-FSW) to reduce thermal cycle effects. The results obtained in this work showed satisfactory performance for FSW and DS-FSW, at high welding speeds were found to be suitable for the production of similar joints of the AA 2050-T84 alloy, with applications for the aeronautical industry. No significant difference was observed between the mechanical performance of FSW, DS-FSW and WC-FSW. The optimized condition for FSW (condition 3: 0,84 mm / s, 500 rpm, 7 mm/s) and DS-FSW (condition 2: 0,90 mm / rev, 400 rpm, 6 mm/s) resulted, respectively, yield limit, tensile strength limit and elongation of 62%, 77% and 44% and 67%, 77% and 38%, relative to that of the base material.
A bayesian nonparametric approach for the two-sample problem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-19)
Console, Rafael de Carvalho Ceregatti de
;
Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5405464055196044
In this work, we discuss the so-called two-sample problem (PEARSON; NEYMAN, 1930) assuming a nonparametric Bayesian approach. Considering X 1 ,...,X n and Y 1 ,...,Y m two inde- pendent i.i.d samples generated from P 1 and P 2 , respectively, the two-sample problem consists in deciding if P 1 and P 2 are equal. Assuming a nonparametric prior, we propose an evidence index for the null hypothesis H 0 : P 1 = P 2 based on the posterior distribution of the distance d(P 1 ,P 2 ) between P 1 and P 2 . This evidence index has easy computation, intuitive interpretation and can also be justified in the Bayesian decision-theoretic context. Further, in a Monte Carlo simulation study, our method presented good performance when compared to the well known Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Wilcoxon test as well as a recent testing procedure based on Polya tree process proposed by Holmes (HOLMES et al., 2015). Finally, we applied our method to a data set about scale measurements of three different groups of patients submitted to a questionnaire for Alzheimer’s disease diagnostic.
Políticas de educação rural no Estado de São Paulo (1889-1994): disputas e conflitos de classe pela hegemonia no bloco no poder
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-20)
Junqueira, Victor Hugo
;
Bezerra, Maria Cristina dos Santos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095065753077001
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3151153500467324
At the beginning of the 21st century, rural education became a hegemonic expression within social movements and state politics. In this context, rural education has become synonymous with backwardness, precariousness of schools, and sometimes conservative because it is tied to the interests of the ruling classes and imposed by the government on workers spreading an urbanist knowledge, or in the most recent period related to the interests of agribusiness for instrumentalization of the workers to work in the field. The distinction made in the political-theoretical debate dichotomized educational policies aimed at the rural population between those linked to the interests of capital and the rural state and those related to the interests of the workers. However, within the framework of class society, in which education assumes a universalist character, this distinction is not so simple, since it implies identifying which economic interests and which power relations support certain policies. From this understanding, it is possible to question: what is the role of educational policies directed at the rural population in the set of social relations of production? What power relations materialized in state apparatuses favored or limited rural education policies? Based on these questions the objective of this thesis is to analyze the development of rural education policies and the conditions of school attendance for the rural population in the state of São Paulo between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the 1990s, from the economic transformations and the role of the state in reproducing conditions and social relations of production. In other words, the pretension is to emphasize how the material conditions of intensification of the capitalist relations of production and the contradictions present in the constitution of the bourgeois state were related to the politics of schooling of the rural population. Methodologically, besides the bibliographical revision, the research examined primary sources, such as the newspapers Correio Paulistano, Diário Nacional, O Combate, Diário de S. Paulo, Terra Livre, Jornal dos Sem Terra, reports of the presidents of the states (1900-1929), and after that, from the Governors of State (1936-1966), Education Yearbooks (1914, 1918, 1919, 1922, 1926, 1936-1937), as well as statistical data and information produced by state agencies such as the Fundação Seade, the Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas Aplicadas (IPEA) and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The results confirm the hypothesis raised that the state politics of rural education in the state of São Paulo are part of the project of formation of bourgeois society in Brazil, whose intensity of movement (expansion - retraction) is not determined strictly by the needs of the development of the forces productive in the countryside, but also by the ideological and productive role of education for the affirmation of social relations and capitalist conditions of production, in the face of the advance of industrialization. This process reveals, however, a series of contradictions that permeate the power relations between the different class fractions, materialized in state politics.
Estudo dos efeitos da substituição de Feldspato por Filito em massas de porcelanato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-21)
Sanchez, Miguel Yesid Hernandez
;
Dondi, Michele
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4617859135105539
;
Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
Porcelain stoneware tiles, porcelanatos, present excellent technical and aesthetic characteristics. In Europe, the bodies used in the manufacture of porcelain and porcelanatos are based on the classic triaxial ceramic, clay, quartz and feldspar, and the latter plays the role of flux. Bodies of this type have been thoroughly studied. In Brazil, for various reasons, virtually all the industries that produce glazed porcelain stoneware tiles replaced feldspar by the phyllites. Although this practice, the replacement of feldspar by phyllites, has already occurred for some decades, the implications of this substitution have not been properly studied. The general objective of this work was to identify and seek explanations for the differences in behavior during firing caused by the substitution of feldspar by phyllite in the bodies used in the manufacture of glazed porcelain stoneware tiles. For this, the raw materials alone, feldspar and phyllites, as well as bodies containing the same content of these raw materials, were evaluated comparatively. Based on the results produced by several characterization techniques, among them the gresification curves and the chemical composition of the vitreous phases after the firing, the following conclusions were reached: 1) the behavior of the raw materials, feldspar and phyllites during firing are quite different; 2) different phyllites exhibit significantly different behavior during firing; 3) the differences in behavior between the phyllites is mainly due to the variation of the sericite content (muscovite fine-grained mica); 4) the behavior of pure raw materials is transferred to the masses which contain them.; 5) although the minerals responsible for forming the liquid phase during firing are significantly different, a mixture of feldspar, albite and orthoclase, and sericite, the chemical compositions of the vitreous phases formed are similar; 6) the volume of liquid phase during sintering seems to be one of the main variable responsible for the observed differences in the behaviour during firing.
Evolução microestrutural e propriedades mecânicas decorrentes da solidificação das ligas Al-11%Si-xCu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-21)
Donadoni, Bruno Monti Carmelo
;
Spinelli, José Eduardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7500412122758761
Al-Si-Cu ternary alloys are highly used and recommended to produce joints of aluminum alloys using brazing process. Dissimilar joints between these alloys and stainless steels, carbon steels and low alloy steels can also be fabricated. More specifically, the Al-Si-Cu alloys comprehend the BAlSi-3 brazing class. However, the relationships between the solidification thermal parameters, microstructural parameters and mechanical properties remains undetermined in the literature. In this manuscript the experimental relationships between the mechanical properties and the thermal and microstructural parameters of Al-11%Si-3,0%Cu and Al-11%Si-4,5%Cu ternary alloys will be outlined. Both casting alloys were solidified under transitory heat flow conditions which could be achieved thanks to the unidirectional solidification system. Samples were subjected to a representative range of microstructures due to the broad cooling rate range. Thermodynamics simulations were performed using the Thermo-Calc® software and other analysis have been made to complement the characterization such as X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. At the end, a better comprehension of the formed phases and their chemical composition has been attained. The present work proposes to develop experimental growth relationships for primary, secondary and tertiary dendrite arm spacing, 𝜆1, 𝜆2 and 𝜆3 and eutectic spacing, 𝜆𝑒 impacting the mechanical properties. The experimental results demonstrated that 50% increase in the Cu alloying (from 3.0 to 4.5 wt.%) could be operated to obtain significant variations in the dendritic length-scale of the microstructure across the produced parts. Overall the microstructures is constituted by an α -Al dendritic matrix surrounded by a ternary eutectic consisting of α-Al + Al2Cu + Si. The scale measurements committed to the Al2Cu eutectic phase pointed out that the increase in Cu alloying has a critical role on refining the ternary eutectic.
Uma análise sobre os estilos de participação entre meninas e meninos nas aulas de educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-21)
Bergamim, Gabriel Barbosa de Souza
;
Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8059679311395550
Scholar Physical education is an environment in wich the students’ participation use to occur in a hierarchical way, different styles of participation can be observed and some power and protagonism relationships are established, especially in team sports. Among the factors that influence those relationships in classes are the student’s motor ability level, their biotype, the amount of class colleagues wherewith their establish relationships and the student’s sex. The scientific literature already points that the last aspect is an important marker. Two researches were used as base to data collection and analysis in current research, one recent and other with more than 30 years (JACO, 2012; GRIFFIN, 1984; GRIFFIN, 1985). Both researches found categories that describe different manners of participating in classes. The current study was characterized as ethnographic, making use of participating observation and the half strutuctured interview; and had as general objective to check wich participation styles can be identified in 6th grade Physical Education classes. The results appoint that there are different participation styles in Physical Education classes, especially the styles: Macho, Lost Soul, Nice Guy, Invisible Player, Protagonist, Figurant, Flutuant and excluded, proposed by Griffin (1984; 1985) and Jaco (2012), likewise the styles Egoist and Distracted, incorporated by the current research; and that the teacher must be alert to any situation that can negative influence on student’s motivation an interest in classes. It was concluded that the teacher should be aware that their students have different manners of understanding and appropriating the classes, being disposed to intervene on constringing situations that can exercise negative influence on students’ motivation, provoking their reflections about how they can act thinking on constructing a space in wich everyone can feel equally included and motivated to participate.
Experimentos didáticos para o ensino de estrutura atômica: motivação para o aprendizado no ensino de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22)
Silveira, Márcio dos Reis da
;
López-Castillo, Alejandro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2599181118729458
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2878979859484873
This work proposes to educators (specific or related areas) explanatory scripts, how to make and use the experiments in an educational way, about the topics: Photoelectric Effect and Atomic Spectrum, to serve as support and unifying theory with practice. It exposes the experience of the educator, who is experiencing the problems such as evasion, disinterest, demotivation and other aggravating circumstances, which are related to the low levels of student’s participation in physics and chemistry classes, at elementary, high school and higher education with the practice of experimentation, after the theoretical content is exposed. It is shown that, in the National Curricular Proposals of these disciplines, the topics that mainly address the basic concepts pertinent to quantum mechanics are not emphasized. In this way, and through experimental activities with an approach in science, technology, society and environment, it seeks improvement in learning about the fundamental questions of the discipline, encouragement and motivation of students to participate and to teamwork. The research points out as support, this perspective of offering encouragement and motivation, the deepening of the knowledge of students in the areas of physics and chemistry, also seeking to stimulate the educator to diversify their practical classes. The work discusses the construction of experiments with alternative, recycled and low-cost materials, the suggestion of models of experiments, followed by explanatory script for its accomplishment and questionnaire, possibly the most important part of this educational study, which allows the educator to direct the experiments in a didactic and scientific manner simultaneously. The theoretical explanations, applied in a practical way in this context, awaken the interest and expectations in the students and make them understand better how the processes and physical and chemical phenomena occur through experiences performed in different levels of education.
A servitização sob a perspectiva das capacidades dinâmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22)
Mello, Luciana Torres Correia de
;
Sagawa, Juliana Keiko
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549481623896786
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8766771023170975
The search for implementing servitization, which has currently been discussed in organizational as well as in academic domains, demands internal and external efforts from the organizations. As a significant part of the changes required by an organization that wishes to implement servitization occurs in its internal processes, the study of capabilities (competences) have become of great importance, seeking to understand what must be adapted and/or developed to implement this new practice. However, little is known about the required capabilities to deal with this new business model and how they modify themselves. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the dynamic and operational capabilities necessary to the practice of servitization in organizations. Therefore, dynamic and operational capabilities were identified in the literature by means of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which returned 26 papers and pointed out 5 dynamic capabilities and 13 operational capabilities. These results confirmed the gap that exists in the literature regarding this topic, and served as constructs to conduct the case study interviews. The research method used was the study of multiple cases in organizations of different sectors that have already experienced servitization. The data analysis was performed using the Content Analysis (CA) technique. As main results, the presence of some capabilities pointed out in the literature was confirmed in the companies studied. These include the ability to learn new competencies/functions, the ability to establish partnerships with suppliers (third parties), the ability to flexibilize negotiations and contracts, the ability to assess the environment and risks, the ability to develop new products and services, the ability to customize or adapt the product, the ability to listen to customers' opinion and to identify customer needs, the capability to change and the ability technical training for employees and third parties. Some new capabilities were identified during the field research: the capability to perform maintenance and the capability to develop a service-oriented mentality. Thus, the research has brought empirical evidence of the presence of certain dynamic and operational capabilities in companies that perform the servitization, revealed the presence of other capabilities not directly mentioned in the literature and allowed to detail some of the capabilities (mainly operational) discussed in the theory. It made possible to identify practices and guidelines that foster the deployment of the capabilities needed for the servitization. Moreover, an additional analysis aimed at identifying relationships among the referred capabilities and the type of PSS that the organization wants to deploy, such as PSS oriented to the result, oriented to the use and basic services.
Modelos espaciais de captura-recaptura para populações abertas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22)
Pezzott, George Lucas Moraes
;
Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3716636700188073
In this thesis we propose two spatial capture-recapture models for estimation of population abundance in the open population. The proposed statistical models conform to data obtained through individual tag capture-recapture sampling performed in different areas within the habitat, taking into account the rates of births and deaths during the study period and the geographical locations of the catches. In the first model, we propose a hierarchical modeling for local population sizes in order to obtain the predictive distribution of population abundance for regions not visited by sampling. In this step, a structure for zero-inflated data was adopted to accommodate situations when sampling is performed in areas without the presence of the species. The second proposed model takes into account the movement of the animals among the different sampling areas, generalizing the first model in which we consider the permanence of the animals in the same area. In this case, it became possible to estimate the size of the area of movement of the species and to predict areas with higher abundances of animals. In both models, we propose a Bayesian approach to the inferential process and derive algorithms from simple computational implementation, from the use of augmented data techniques. The frequentist properties of the Bayesian estimators were evaluated by simulation studies and, finally, these modeling proposals were applied to three real data sets of arachnids.
Pesquisa em consolidação do fechamento de vazios internos em produtos forjados no aço W.Nr. 1.2738 modificado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-23)
Campos, Gustavo Acarine Ferraz de
;
Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4134533370793592
During steel ingot solidification, internal voids are expected to be formed in its interior. Such voids, if they stay in the final product after the forging step, will hurt the performance and properties of the final product, and, therefore, they must be eliminated. Aiming voids elimination, forging process parameters must be chosen in a way possible to allow diffusion bonding. So far, there are no standardized tests to analyze the influence of processing variables. Thus, this work aims to develop a test that physically simulates thermomechanical conditions to subsequently realize tests to determine the conditions of strain and temperature so that the diffusion bonding may occur in steels' molds for polymers. The interface region was analyzed through optical microscopy to determinate the effectiveness of the phenomena of healing voids. The ideal process parameters to a satisfactorily bond were found, and it is intended, in a next step, to implement them in a real process.
A compreensão de pais acerca da importância da participação familiar no cuidado de crianças com transtorno fonológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-23)
Fernandes, Delta Regina
;
Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1907601156035840
The speech sound disorder (SSD) has a high prevalence among children and it is characterized by mistakes in the production, perception and mental organizations of the sound of speech. Early recognition and appropriate speech intervention reduce the risks of harm, such as difficulties in reading and writing acquisition and development, as well as the emotional, social and cognitive shortfalls in children. Considering that active family involvement is indispensable to therapeutic efficiency, this research aim is to understand parents' and caregivers’ perceptions of children in speech treatment regarding the importance of family involvement in the process of care. Through a clinical qualitative study, thirteen parents and caregivers were interviewed, and their speech was subjected to the analysis of its thematic content. The findings were interpreted regarding the Humanization in Health Care, Patient-centered Care and Family-centered Care. It was found that the subjects had SSD awareness and waited for the phonological reorganization of the language and its secondary gains. Family participation in the caring process was recorded through its attendance during the clinical sessions and the achievement of procedures assigned by the speech and language therapists to be done at home. Some of the families regarded their involvement as important and participated actively. Others, nonetheless, reinforced that contextual and personal problems made their involvement in the therapeutic project outside of the ambulatory scenario difficult. There were also, families who did not understand the need for their involvement and focused their critics on the assistance. Therefore, it is important that the practitioner regards the singularity of the SSD, with its meanings and repercussions for children, their caregivers, and family in the therapeutic project, to go beyond the reorganization of the phonological aspects of the language. Speech and language therapists need to understand the sufferings the SSD cause both children and their caregivers as well as the possibility of the increase of these sufferings due to expectations not yet fulfilled during treatment.
Julgamento clínico e autoeficácia de enfermeiros para o manejo da sepse: uso da simulação clínica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-23)
Carvalho, Lilian Regina de
;
Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8329953593386274
The use of active methodologies has demonstrated efficacy in the teaching and learning process in nursing. Thus, realistic simulation emerges as a strategy that, in addition to allowing real experimentation without the exposure of a patient, allows reflection on the actions developed within the scenario. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and clinical judgment of nurses for the management of sepsis based on high fidelity clinical simulation. The research was carried out in two stages. In stage I, a methodological study was carried out, with a quantitative approach, consisting of three phases: i) elaboration of the clinical simulation scenario and knowledge test on sepsis; ii) validation of the content by nine judges; and iii) scenario test with nurses . The theoretical framework used was that of meaningful learning. For the construction of the clinical scenario, we chose the Simulation model of the National League for nursing and the content was based on the protocols proposed by the Latin American Sepsis Institute. The analysis of content was given by the Content Validity Index, considering a value> 0.90. In stage II, a quasi-experimental study of the before and after type was performed, consisting of 28 nurses from a teaching hospital. Participants were submitted to three moments of the research: (i) prior to delivery of the study material; (ii) prior to the simulation; and (iii) after the simulation to evaluate clinical judgment, self-efficacy, and knowledge test on sepsis. For the analysis of this step, Spearman correlations and scatter plots were used to compare the relationship of clinical judgment and self-efficacy. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used for independent samples and the orthogonal contrasts were applied to compare the times. The results of stage I demonstrated that the instruments were adequate, obtaining general value> 0.90. Nevertheless, some adjustments of the scenario and the test, regarding the clarity of the writing, the functionalities and the pertinence of protocols were changed, according to suggestion of the judges. While in stage II, the mean values at the three times of each outcome were high. The clinical judgment presented a statistically significant difference between the times. The clinical judgment (p = 0.0252) and self-efficacy (p = 0.0269) of the participants in the simulation scenario were statistically higher in relation to the listeners and a strong correlation was found between self-efficacy and clinical judgment (p = 0.001). It is expected that the knowledge test and the clinical simulation scenario on sepsis will be facilitators for teachers and professionals of the permanent / continuing education centers of health institutions in the training of nurses and nursing students. In addition, it is expected that more training with the use of the simulation will be performed with professionals trained for risk-free care, ensuring patient safety.
Produção e caracterização de mantas de nanofibras poliméricas eletrofiadas contendo proantocianidinas e sua potencial aplicação no tratamento de lesões cutâneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-23)
Locilento, Danilo André
;
Corrêa, Daniel Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6340423945262697
The development of novel biodegradable and biocompatible nanofibrous membranes are highly desirable for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and wound dressing. Thus, the present thesis focused on the development using electrospinning technique of biodegradable and biocompatible nanofibrous membranes with antioxidant properties through the encapsulation of natural antioxidants. The membranes were obtained using the polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and Aloe Vera extract (ALOE) as a matrix, with the addition of grape seed extract (GSE), which is a rich source of natural antioxidants. The membranes compositions and morphological characteristics were optimized to obtain homogeneous nanofibers displaying hydrophilicity. Specifically, nanofibers mats of PLA, PLA/PEO e PLA/ALOE without and with GSE (10% and 20%) were characterized in terms of composition, morphology and biocompatibility, which presented uniform morphology, random orientation and diameters in the range 149 - 306 nm. The PLA/PEO nanofibers presented hydrophilic feature, while the other nanofiber mats presented hydrophobic feature. The PLA, PLA/PEO and PLA/ALOE nanofibers showed high encapsulation efficiency, with a percentage close to 90%. The antioxidant action of GSE was also determined confirming the high antioxidant capacity of GSE even after the electrospinning process. Experimental data obtained by the in vitro release studies showed that GSE is released by diffusional transport, corresponding satisfactorily to the Korsmeyer-Pepas model. In addition, a more controlled release of GSE was observed for the PLA/PEO/GSE and PLA/ALOE/GSE membrane. The viability of human fibroblast growth (HFF1) was also evaluated, confirming the biocompatibility of all the obtained membranes, especially the PLA/PEO membrane with GSE, which presented better cell attachment and proliferation when compared to PLA/GSE and PLA/ALOE/GSE membranes. Thus, the results indicate the high potential of membranes loaded with GSE for topical drug-delivery system as wound dressing.
Estudo da resistência à corrosão em ligas de memória de forma NiTiNb com diferentes teores de Nb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-26)
Cronemberger, Maria Eurenice Rocha
;
Sordi, Vitor Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940
;
Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606
In this work, the corrosion behavior of NiTiNb shape memory alloys (SMA) in aqueous medium containing chloride ions was characterized. The study was performed in alloys of six different compositions, which were melted in an arc-furnace, under controlled atmosphere, with 3, 6 and 9 at.% of Nb addition, while the ration Ni/Ti was maintained constant at 1.00 and 1.07. The objective was to evaluate the Nb content effect on the composition and corrosion resistance of the passive film, supported by its microstructural and thermal characterization. The electrochemical behavior in sodium chloride solution (NaCl) 3.5 w.% was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic polarization techniques, to verify the pitting corrosion resistance of alloys, comparing with an equiatomic NiTi alloy. The analyses of the passive film composition was made by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The alloys exhibit passivity in 3.5% NaCl solution, however, both the passivity zone expansion and the pitting potential (Epite) of the alloys increase their respective magnitudes with the increase of Nb content. On the other hand, the corrosion current density of the alloys are similar, showing that the alloys have the same general corrosion rate, that remains approximately unchanged with composition and microstructure variations. Alloys with Nb contents below 9 at.% exhibit susceptibility to pitting corrosion and cracking corrosion, but they show better resistance compared to binary alloy. The XPS results reveal the formation of a passive film composed mainly titanium and niobium oxides (TiO2 and Nb2O5). The Nb content has a great influence on the pitting corrosion resistance of these alloys due to the incorporation and the enrichment of Nb in the passive film.
Da luta pela Politecnia à reforma do ensino médio: para onde caminha a formação técnica integrada ao ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-27)
Amorim, Gilberto José de
;
Reyes, Cláudia Raimundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5187942717120318
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5117719848535721
This research has as its theme the study of the technical training integrated to the high school proposed by law 11.892 / 08 that created the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology. Within this theme, we sought to understand the conceptions of integrated training of teachers working in the agricultural technical course of IFSP / Barretos, as well as the professional profile the course seeks to train, seeking to associate them with the predominant ideological tendencies. In this sense, the work demonstrated the existence of a dispute between the subjects about which educational emphasis should prevail in the students' teaching process. Through the research, a historical retrospective was also carried out in order to analyze the objectives of Brazilian legislators with successive reforms of the Brazilian educational system. Furthermore, the consequences of the reform of secondary education in the process of consolidating integrated training from the viewpoint of the local community, as well as the social movements and representatives of power, were investigated. For the construction of this work it was necessary a bibliographical and documentary analysis, besides interviews with representatives of the power and of social and / or academic movements. To understand how each teacher stands on the subject, the speeches given by the subjects were seen as statements. They were obtained through questionnaires and interviews applied in the second half of 2017. From this perspective, this work allowed a reflection on the role of the federal institutes in the construction of an integrated training beyond the duality training of labor or propaedeutic training. Thus, the work pointed to the need to create conditions for the theoretical-political debate on the presuppositions of an integrated teaching and its pedagogical developments.
Estudo sobre o comportamento estrutural de pavimentos de edifícios com lajes sem vigas com a presença de furos e aberturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-27)
Oliveira, Luis Gustavo Simão de
;
Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8242426902508855
This research presents a structural analysis of flat plates in reinforced concrete with the introduction of openings in regions established by foreign standards (ACI318: 14), whereas NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014) doesn’t make any recommendations about dimensions and positioning of possible openings that may exist in the structural system. Firstly, a comparative analysis of the results was done using the analitic calculation methods (Direct Method and Equivalent Gate Method) and the Finite Element Method using the SAP2000® v.16 software on flat plates. In a second moment, the openings were introduced in accordance with ACI 318: 14 as the initial parameter for such design and used only SAP2000® v.16 software for analysis. The reactions of bending moments and transversal displacements caused by these efforts were compared, as well as presenting the required amount of steel and its distribution throughout the structure. 57 slabs were modeled with the purpose of verifying the coherence of the manual calculation methods and analyzing the influence of the openings on the flat plates system, presenting as variables the slab thickness, dimensions of the openings and their positioning. As a result, the study provides satisfactory conclusions regarding the maximum openings slab stipulated by ACI 318: 14 when comparing its efforts and displacement reactions with slabs without openings, beyond to be able to verify the behavior of the structure when inserting openings that exceed these limits. For the analysis of slabs without openings, it was possible identify distinct characteristics that each calculation method provided from its results.
Um framework para apoio ao desenvolvimento de aplicações educacionais de realidade aumentada móvel baseada em marcadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-27)
De La Vega, Marcos Tulio Soto
;
Beder, Delano Medeiros
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5845245549777383
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3096890942321008
In recent years, different technologies have begun to be used in educational scenarios, providing gains in the teaching-learning processes. Augmented Reality (AR), and more specifically Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR), is a technology that provides great opportunities in education, allowing to blend real-world elements with virtual information, giving the learner a richer environment and greater possibilities of interaction than their natural environment, still encouraging mobility. Aiming to foster the development of educational applications with this technology, frameworks and methodologies are necessary in such way that facilitate the development and guide the creation process trying to minimize the complexity. However, it is also required that created frameworks are specifically oriented towards education, and therefore provide functionalities that support educational needs (e.g. to support the use of questionnaires with questions/answers). Currently there are many frameworks for creating AR, however they are oriented towards the creation of generic, rather than specifically educational, AR applications. In this project, a framework is proposed to support a methodology for the development of educational applications with MAR based on markers. The framework allows developers to implement a set of education-oriented functionalities without programming, and instead drag and drop classes, creating and customizing scenarios with the required resources (3D models, images, etc.). The methodology is composed of guidelines to be followed in the development of the application. A case study was carried out to evaluate the framework, mainly regarding usability, additionally the framework was also evaluated through experiments with developers, and using questionnaires for data collection. Finally, through the experiments carried out, it can be concluded that the proposed framework can allow the development of educational applications of AR with ease, providing functionalities that are customizable according to the needs of the user, and of a general nature in education (useful in any area of education).
Sinterabilidade, desenvolvimento microestrutural e caracterização elétrica do BaCe0,9Y0,1O3-ẟ nanométrico obtido por mistura de óxidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-28)
Ramos, Kethlinn
;
Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5856791042277661
In this thesis, we investigated the microstructural development of BaCe0,9Y0,1O3-ẟ starting from aggregate-free submicrometric and nanometric powders. The differential of these powders is that synthesis occurred via solid-state reaction, compared to powders commonly used in the literature in the same size range. Nanometric particles were obtained by alternating steps of calcination with steps of grinding using isopropyl alcohol as dispersion media in a vibratory mill, and varying grinding time and load (weight ratio of grinding media/powder), with care to particle deflocculation, as well as keeping the grinding jars filled at only 50% of total capacity. The sinterability of compacts was surprisingly high, compared to literature reports, so that sintered samples with density higher than 95% of theoretical density were obtained at only 1200°C with dwell time of 10 hours. Literature shows that this degree of sintering is only achieved with the use of sintering aids. Systematic monitoring of microstructural development of the green compacts made with the different powders obtained in this thesis allowed the detection of a liquid phase appearing around 1200°C, which has not yet been reported in the literature. In green compacts with aggregates, the liquid phase was consumed in the densification of these defects so that macroporosity would remain even after sintering at 1600°C. In aggregate-free green compacts, the liquid phase aided to achieve high and homogeneous densification, mostly around the initial temperature of its formation. However, even after achieving high densification at low temperatures, higher ones are required in order to develop the microstructure in ways to reach adequate protonic electrical conductivity. The microstructure developed by powders obtained by grinding with 20:1 ratio (grinding media/powder) for 24h and sintered at 1600°C showed a proton conductivity of 2x10-2S/cm at 600°C which is in agreement with the best results in the literature.