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Experimentos didáticos para o ensino de estrutura atômica: motivação para o aprendizado no ensino de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22) Silveira, Márcio dos Reis da; López-Castillo, Alejandro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2599181118729458; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2878979859484873
This work proposes to educators (specific or related areas) explanatory scripts, how to make and use the experiments in an educational way, about the topics: Photoelectric Effect and Atomic Spectrum, to serve as support and unifying theory with practice. It exposes the experience of the educator, who is experiencing the problems such as evasion, disinterest, demotivation and other aggravating circumstances, which are related to the low levels of student’s participation in physics and chemistry classes, at elementary, high school and higher education with the practice of experimentation, after the theoretical content is exposed. It is shown that, in the National Curricular Proposals of these disciplines, the topics that mainly address the basic concepts pertinent to quantum mechanics are not emphasized. In this way, and through experimental activities with an approach in science, technology, society and environment, it seeks improvement in learning about the fundamental questions of the discipline, encouragement and motivation of students to participate and to teamwork. The research points out as support, this perspective of offering encouragement and motivation, the deepening of the knowledge of students in the areas of physics and chemistry, also seeking to stimulate the educator to diversify their practical classes. The work discusses the construction of experiments with alternative, recycled and low-cost materials, the suggestion of models of experiments, followed by explanatory script for its accomplishment and questionnaire, possibly the most important part of this educational study, which allows the educator to direct the experiments in a didactic and scientific manner simultaneously. The theoretical explanations, applied in a practical way in this context, awaken the interest and expectations in the students and make them understand better how the processes and physical and chemical phenomena occur through experiences performed in different levels of education.
A servitização sob a perspectiva das capacidades dinâmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22) Mello, Luciana Torres Correia de; Sagawa, Juliana Keiko; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549481623896786; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8766771023170975
The search for implementing servitization, which has currently been discussed in organizational as well as in academic domains, demands internal and external efforts from the organizations. As a significant part of the changes required by an organization that wishes to implement servitization occurs in its internal processes, the study of capabilities (competences) have become of great importance, seeking to understand what must be adapted and/or developed to implement this new practice. However, little is known about the required capabilities to deal with this new business model and how they modify themselves. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the dynamic and operational capabilities necessary to the practice of servitization in organizations. Therefore, dynamic and operational capabilities were identified in the literature by means of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which returned 26 papers and pointed out 5 dynamic capabilities and 13 operational capabilities. These results confirmed the gap that exists in the literature regarding this topic, and served as constructs to conduct the case study interviews. The research method used was the study of multiple cases in organizations of different sectors that have already experienced servitization. The data analysis was performed using the Content Analysis (CA) technique. As main results, the presence of some capabilities pointed out in the literature was confirmed in the companies studied. These include the ability to learn new competencies/functions, the ability to establish partnerships with suppliers (third parties), the ability to flexibilize negotiations and contracts, the ability to assess the environment and risks, the ability to develop new products and services, the ability to customize or adapt the product, the ability to listen to customers' opinion and to identify customer needs, the capability to change and the ability technical training for employees and third parties. Some new capabilities were identified during the field research: the capability to perform maintenance and the capability to develop a service-oriented mentality. Thus, the research has brought empirical evidence of the presence of certain dynamic and operational capabilities in companies that perform the servitization, revealed the presence of other capabilities not directly mentioned in the literature and allowed to detail some of the capabilities (mainly operational) discussed in the theory. It made possible to identify practices and guidelines that foster the deployment of the capabilities needed for the servitization. Moreover, an additional analysis aimed at identifying relationships among the referred capabilities and the type of PSS that the organization wants to deploy, such as PSS oriented to the result, oriented to the use and basic services.
Modelos espaciais de captura-recaptura para populações abertas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22) Pezzott, George Lucas Moraes; Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3716636700188073
In this thesis we propose two spatial capture-recapture models for estimation of population abundance in the open population. The proposed statistical models conform to data obtained through individual tag capture-recapture sampling performed in different areas within the habitat, taking into account the rates of births and deaths during the study period and the geographical locations of the catches. In the first model, we propose a hierarchical modeling for local population sizes in order to obtain the predictive distribution of population abundance for regions not visited by sampling. In this step, a structure for zero-inflated data was adopted to accommodate situations when sampling is performed in areas without the presence of the species. The second proposed model takes into account the movement of the animals among the different sampling areas, generalizing the first model in which we consider the permanence of the animals in the same area. In this case, it became possible to estimate the size of the area of movement of the species and to predict areas with higher abundances of animals. In both models, we propose a Bayesian approach to the inferential process and derive algorithms from simple computational implementation, from the use of augmented data techniques. The frequentist properties of the Bayesian estimators were evaluated by simulation studies and, finally, these modeling proposals were applied to three real data sets of arachnids.