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Experimentos didáticos para o ensino de estrutura atômica: motivação para o aprendizado no ensino de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22)
Silveira, Márcio dos Reis da
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López-Castillo, Alejandro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2599181118729458
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2878979859484873
This work proposes to educators (specific or related areas) explanatory scripts, how to make and use the experiments in an educational way, about the topics: Photoelectric Effect and Atomic Spectrum, to serve as support and unifying theory with practice. It exposes the experience of the educator, who is experiencing the problems such as evasion, disinterest, demotivation and other aggravating circumstances, which are related to the low levels of student’s participation in physics and chemistry classes, at elementary, high school and higher education with the practice of experimentation, after the theoretical content is exposed. It is shown that, in the National Curricular Proposals of these disciplines, the topics that mainly address the basic concepts pertinent to quantum mechanics are not emphasized. In this way, and through experimental activities with an approach in science, technology, society and environment, it seeks improvement in learning about the fundamental questions of the discipline, encouragement and motivation of students to participate and to teamwork. The research points out as support, this perspective of offering encouragement and motivation, the deepening of the knowledge of students in the areas of physics and chemistry, also seeking to stimulate the educator to diversify their practical classes. The work discusses the construction of experiments with alternative, recycled and low-cost materials, the suggestion of models of experiments, followed by explanatory script for its accomplishment and questionnaire, possibly the most important part of this educational study, which allows the educator to direct the experiments in a didactic and scientific manner simultaneously. The theoretical explanations, applied in a practical way in this context, awaken the interest and expectations in the students and make them understand better how the processes and physical and chemical phenomena occur through experiences performed in different levels of education.
A servitização sob a perspectiva das capacidades dinâmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22)
Mello, Luciana Torres Correia de
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Sagawa, Juliana Keiko
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549481623896786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8766771023170975
The search for implementing servitization, which has currently been discussed in organizational as well as in academic domains, demands internal and external efforts from the organizations. As a significant part of the changes required by an organization that wishes to implement servitization occurs in its internal processes, the study of capabilities (competences) have become of great importance, seeking to understand what must be adapted and/or developed to implement this new practice. However, little is known about the required capabilities to deal with this new business model and how they modify themselves. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the dynamic and operational capabilities necessary to the practice of servitization in organizations. Therefore, dynamic and operational capabilities were identified in the literature by means of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which returned 26 papers and pointed out 5 dynamic capabilities and 13 operational capabilities. These results confirmed the gap that exists in the literature regarding this topic, and served as constructs to conduct the case study interviews. The research method used was the study of multiple cases in organizations of different sectors that have already experienced servitization. The data analysis was performed using the Content Analysis (CA) technique. As main results, the presence of some capabilities pointed out in the literature was confirmed in the companies studied. These include the ability to learn new competencies/functions, the ability to establish partnerships with suppliers (third parties), the ability to flexibilize negotiations and contracts, the ability to assess the environment and risks, the ability to develop new products and services, the ability to customize or adapt the product, the ability to listen to customers' opinion and to identify customer needs, the capability to change and the ability technical training for employees and third parties. Some new capabilities were identified during the field research: the capability to perform maintenance and the capability to develop a service-oriented mentality. Thus, the research has brought empirical evidence of the presence of certain dynamic and operational capabilities in companies that perform the servitization, revealed the presence of other capabilities not directly mentioned in the literature and allowed to detail some of the capabilities (mainly operational) discussed in the theory. It made possible to identify practices and guidelines that foster the deployment of the capabilities needed for the servitization. Moreover, an additional analysis aimed at identifying relationships among the referred capabilities and the type of PSS that the organization wants to deploy, such as PSS oriented to the result, oriented to the use and basic services.
Modelos espaciais de captura-recaptura para populações abertas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-22)
Pezzott, George Lucas Moraes
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Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3716636700188073
In this thesis we propose two spatial capture-recapture models for estimation of population abundance in the open population. The proposed statistical models conform to data obtained through individual tag capture-recapture sampling performed in different areas within the habitat, taking into account the rates of births and deaths during the study period and the geographical locations of the catches. In the first model, we propose a hierarchical modeling for local population sizes in order to obtain the predictive distribution of population abundance for regions not visited by sampling. In this step, a structure for zero-inflated data was adopted to accommodate situations when sampling is performed in areas without the presence of the species. The second proposed model takes into account the movement of the animals among the different sampling areas, generalizing the first model in which we consider the permanence of the animals in the same area. In this case, it became possible to estimate the size of the area of movement of the species and to predict areas with higher abundances of animals. In both models, we propose a Bayesian approach to the inferential process and derive algorithms from simple computational implementation, from the use of augmented data techniques. The frequentist properties of the Bayesian estimators were evaluated by simulation studies and, finally, these modeling proposals were applied to three real data sets of arachnids.
Pesquisa em consolidação do fechamento de vazios internos em produtos forjados no aço W.Nr. 1.2738 modificado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-23)
Campos, Gustavo Acarine Ferraz de
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Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4134533370793592
During steel ingot solidification, internal voids are expected to be formed in its interior. Such voids, if they stay in the final product after the forging step, will hurt the performance and properties of the final product, and, therefore, they must be eliminated. Aiming voids elimination, forging process parameters must be chosen in a way possible to allow diffusion bonding. So far, there are no standardized tests to analyze the influence of processing variables. Thus, this work aims to develop a test that physically simulates thermomechanical conditions to subsequently realize tests to determine the conditions of strain and temperature so that the diffusion bonding may occur in steels' molds for polymers. The interface region was analyzed through optical microscopy to determinate the effectiveness of the phenomena of healing voids. The ideal process parameters to a satisfactorily bond were found, and it is intended, in a next step, to implement them in a real process.
A compreensão de pais acerca da importância da participação familiar no cuidado de crianças com transtorno fonológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-23)
Fernandes, Delta Regina
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1907601156035840
The speech sound disorder (SSD) has a high prevalence among children and it is characterized by mistakes in the production, perception and mental organizations of the sound of speech. Early recognition and appropriate speech intervention reduce the risks of harm, such as difficulties in reading and writing acquisition and development, as well as the emotional, social and cognitive shortfalls in children. Considering that active family involvement is indispensable to therapeutic efficiency, this research aim is to understand parents' and caregivers’ perceptions of children in speech treatment regarding the importance of family involvement in the process of care. Through a clinical qualitative study, thirteen parents and caregivers were interviewed, and their speech was subjected to the analysis of its thematic content. The findings were interpreted regarding the Humanization in Health Care, Patient-centered Care and Family-centered Care. It was found that the subjects had SSD awareness and waited for the phonological reorganization of the language and its secondary gains. Family participation in the caring process was recorded through its attendance during the clinical sessions and the achievement of procedures assigned by the speech and language therapists to be done at home. Some of the families regarded their involvement as important and participated actively. Others, nonetheless, reinforced that contextual and personal problems made their involvement in the therapeutic project outside of the ambulatory scenario difficult. There were also, families who did not understand the need for their involvement and focused their critics on the assistance. Therefore, it is important that the practitioner regards the singularity of the SSD, with its meanings and repercussions for children, their caregivers, and family in the therapeutic project, to go beyond the reorganization of the phonological aspects of the language. Speech and language therapists need to understand the sufferings the SSD cause both children and their caregivers as well as the possibility of the increase of these sufferings due to expectations not yet fulfilled during treatment.
Julgamento clínico e autoeficácia de enfermeiros para o manejo da sepse: uso da simulação clínica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-23)
Carvalho, Lilian Regina de
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Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8329953593386274
The use of active methodologies has demonstrated efficacy in the teaching and learning process in nursing. Thus, realistic simulation emerges as a strategy that, in addition to allowing real experimentation without the exposure of a patient, allows reflection on the actions developed within the scenario. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and clinical judgment of nurses for the management of sepsis based on high fidelity clinical simulation. The research was carried out in two stages. In stage I, a methodological study was carried out, with a quantitative approach, consisting of three phases: i) elaboration of the clinical simulation scenario and knowledge test on sepsis; ii) validation of the content by nine judges; and iii) scenario test with nurses . The theoretical framework used was that of meaningful learning. For the construction of the clinical scenario, we chose the Simulation model of the National League for nursing and the content was based on the protocols proposed by the Latin American Sepsis Institute. The analysis of content was given by the Content Validity Index, considering a value> 0.90. In stage II, a quasi-experimental study of the before and after type was performed, consisting of 28 nurses from a teaching hospital. Participants were submitted to three moments of the research: (i) prior to delivery of the study material; (ii) prior to the simulation; and (iii) after the simulation to evaluate clinical judgment, self-efficacy, and knowledge test on sepsis. For the analysis of this step, Spearman correlations and scatter plots were used to compare the relationship of clinical judgment and self-efficacy. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used for independent samples and the orthogonal contrasts were applied to compare the times. The results of stage I demonstrated that the instruments were adequate, obtaining general value> 0.90. Nevertheless, some adjustments of the scenario and the test, regarding the clarity of the writing, the functionalities and the pertinence of protocols were changed, according to suggestion of the judges. While in stage II, the mean values at the three times of each outcome were high. The clinical judgment presented a statistically significant difference between the times. The clinical judgment (p = 0.0252) and self-efficacy (p = 0.0269) of the participants in the simulation scenario were statistically higher in relation to the listeners and a strong correlation was found between self-efficacy and clinical judgment (p = 0.001). It is expected that the knowledge test and the clinical simulation scenario on sepsis will be facilitators for teachers and professionals of the permanent / continuing education centers of health institutions in the training of nurses and nursing students. In addition, it is expected that more training with the use of the simulation will be performed with professionals trained for risk-free care, ensuring patient safety.
Produção e caracterização de mantas de nanofibras poliméricas eletrofiadas contendo proantocianidinas e sua potencial aplicação no tratamento de lesões cutâneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-23)
Locilento, Danilo André
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6340423945262697
The development of novel biodegradable and biocompatible nanofibrous membranes are highly desirable for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and wound dressing. Thus, the present thesis focused on the development using electrospinning technique of biodegradable and biocompatible nanofibrous membranes with antioxidant properties through the encapsulation of natural antioxidants. The membranes were obtained using the polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and Aloe Vera extract (ALOE) as a matrix, with the addition of grape seed extract (GSE), which is a rich source of natural antioxidants. The membranes compositions and morphological characteristics were optimized to obtain homogeneous nanofibers displaying hydrophilicity. Specifically, nanofibers mats of PLA, PLA/PEO e PLA/ALOE without and with GSE (10% and 20%) were characterized in terms of composition, morphology and biocompatibility, which presented uniform morphology, random orientation and diameters in the range 149 - 306 nm. The PLA/PEO nanofibers presented hydrophilic feature, while the other nanofiber mats presented hydrophobic feature. The PLA, PLA/PEO and PLA/ALOE nanofibers showed high encapsulation efficiency, with a percentage close to 90%. The antioxidant action of GSE was also determined confirming the high antioxidant capacity of GSE even after the electrospinning process. Experimental data obtained by the in vitro release studies showed that GSE is released by diffusional transport, corresponding satisfactorily to the Korsmeyer-Pepas model. In addition, a more controlled release of GSE was observed for the PLA/PEO/GSE and PLA/ALOE/GSE membrane. The viability of human fibroblast growth (HFF1) was also evaluated, confirming the biocompatibility of all the obtained membranes, especially the PLA/PEO membrane with GSE, which presented better cell attachment and proliferation when compared to PLA/GSE and PLA/ALOE/GSE membranes. Thus, the results indicate the high potential of membranes loaded with GSE for topical drug-delivery system as wound dressing.
Estudo da resistência à corrosão em ligas de memória de forma NiTiNb com diferentes teores de Nb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-26)
Cronemberger, Maria Eurenice Rocha
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Sordi, Vitor Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606
In this work, the corrosion behavior of NiTiNb shape memory alloys (SMA) in aqueous medium containing chloride ions was characterized. The study was performed in alloys of six different compositions, which were melted in an arc-furnace, under controlled atmosphere, with 3, 6 and 9 at.% of Nb addition, while the ration Ni/Ti was maintained constant at 1.00 and 1.07. The objective was to evaluate the Nb content effect on the composition and corrosion resistance of the passive film, supported by its microstructural and thermal characterization. The electrochemical behavior in sodium chloride solution (NaCl) 3.5 w.% was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic polarization techniques, to verify the pitting corrosion resistance of alloys, comparing with an equiatomic NiTi alloy. The analyses of the passive film composition was made by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The alloys exhibit passivity in 3.5% NaCl solution, however, both the passivity zone expansion and the pitting potential (Epite) of the alloys increase their respective magnitudes with the increase of Nb content. On the other hand, the corrosion current density of the alloys are similar, showing that the alloys have the same general corrosion rate, that remains approximately unchanged with composition and microstructure variations. Alloys with Nb contents below 9 at.% exhibit susceptibility to pitting corrosion and cracking corrosion, but they show better resistance compared to binary alloy. The XPS results reveal the formation of a passive film composed mainly titanium and niobium oxides (TiO2 and Nb2O5). The Nb content has a great influence on the pitting corrosion resistance of these alloys due to the incorporation and the enrichment of Nb in the passive film.
Da luta pela Politecnia à reforma do ensino médio: para onde caminha a formação técnica integrada ao ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-27)
Amorim, Gilberto José de
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Reyes, Cláudia Raimundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5187942717120318
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5117719848535721
This research has as its theme the study of the technical training integrated to the high school proposed by law 11.892 / 08 that created the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology. Within this theme, we sought to understand the conceptions of integrated training of teachers working in the agricultural technical course of IFSP / Barretos, as well as the professional profile the course seeks to train, seeking to associate them with the predominant ideological tendencies. In this sense, the work demonstrated the existence of a dispute between the subjects about which educational emphasis should prevail in the students' teaching process. Through the research, a historical retrospective was also carried out in order to analyze the objectives of Brazilian legislators with successive reforms of the Brazilian educational system. Furthermore, the consequences of the reform of secondary education in the process of consolidating integrated training from the viewpoint of the local community, as well as the social movements and representatives of power, were investigated. For the construction of this work it was necessary a bibliographical and documentary analysis, besides interviews with representatives of the power and of social and / or academic movements. To understand how each teacher stands on the subject, the speeches given by the subjects were seen as statements. They were obtained through questionnaires and interviews applied in the second half of 2017. From this perspective, this work allowed a reflection on the role of the federal institutes in the construction of an integrated training beyond the duality training of labor or propaedeutic training. Thus, the work pointed to the need to create conditions for the theoretical-political debate on the presuppositions of an integrated teaching and its pedagogical developments.
Estudo sobre o comportamento estrutural de pavimentos de edifícios com lajes sem vigas com a presença de furos e aberturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-27)
Oliveira, Luis Gustavo Simão de
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Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8242426902508855
This research presents a structural analysis of flat plates in reinforced concrete with the introduction of openings in regions established by foreign standards (ACI318: 14), whereas NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014) doesn’t make any recommendations about dimensions and positioning of possible openings that may exist in the structural system. Firstly, a comparative analysis of the results was done using the analitic calculation methods (Direct Method and Equivalent Gate Method) and the Finite Element Method using the SAP2000® v.16 software on flat plates. In a second moment, the openings were introduced in accordance with ACI 318: 14 as the initial parameter for such design and used only SAP2000® v.16 software for analysis. The reactions of bending moments and transversal displacements caused by these efforts were compared, as well as presenting the required amount of steel and its distribution throughout the structure. 57 slabs were modeled with the purpose of verifying the coherence of the manual calculation methods and analyzing the influence of the openings on the flat plates system, presenting as variables the slab thickness, dimensions of the openings and their positioning. As a result, the study provides satisfactory conclusions regarding the maximum openings slab stipulated by ACI 318: 14 when comparing its efforts and displacement reactions with slabs without openings, beyond to be able to verify the behavior of the structure when inserting openings that exceed these limits. For the analysis of slabs without openings, it was possible identify distinct characteristics that each calculation method provided from its results.
Um framework para apoio ao desenvolvimento de aplicações educacionais de realidade aumentada móvel baseada em marcadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-27)
De La Vega, Marcos Tulio Soto
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Beder, Delano Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5845245549777383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3096890942321008
In recent years, different technologies have begun to be used in educational scenarios, providing gains in the teaching-learning processes. Augmented Reality (AR), and more specifically Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR), is a technology that provides great opportunities in education, allowing to blend real-world elements with virtual information, giving the learner a richer environment and greater possibilities of interaction than their natural environment, still encouraging mobility. Aiming to foster the development of educational applications with this technology, frameworks and methodologies are necessary in such way that facilitate the development and guide the creation process trying to minimize the complexity. However, it is also required that created frameworks are specifically oriented towards education, and therefore provide functionalities that support educational needs (e.g. to support the use of questionnaires with questions/answers). Currently there are many frameworks for creating AR, however they are oriented towards the creation of generic, rather than specifically educational, AR applications. In this project, a framework is proposed to support a methodology for the development of educational applications with MAR based on markers. The framework allows developers to implement a set of education-oriented functionalities without programming, and instead drag and drop classes, creating and customizing scenarios with the required resources (3D models, images, etc.). The methodology is composed of guidelines to be followed in the development of the application. A case study was carried out to evaluate the framework, mainly regarding usability, additionally the framework was also evaluated through experiments with developers, and using questionnaires for data collection. Finally, through the experiments carried out, it can be concluded that the proposed framework can allow the development of educational applications of AR with ease, providing functionalities that are customizable according to the needs of the user, and of a general nature in education (useful in any area of education).
Sinterabilidade, desenvolvimento microestrutural e caracterização elétrica do BaCe0,9Y0,1O3-ẟ nanométrico obtido por mistura de óxidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-28)
Ramos, Kethlinn
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Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5856791042277661
In this thesis, we investigated the microstructural development of BaCe0,9Y0,1O3-ẟ starting from aggregate-free submicrometric and nanometric powders. The differential of these powders is that synthesis occurred via solid-state reaction, compared to powders commonly used in the literature in the same size range. Nanometric particles were obtained by alternating steps of calcination with steps of grinding using isopropyl alcohol as dispersion media in a vibratory mill, and varying grinding time and load (weight ratio of grinding media/powder), with care to particle deflocculation, as well as keeping the grinding jars filled at only 50% of total capacity. The sinterability of compacts was surprisingly high, compared to literature reports, so that sintered samples with density higher than 95% of theoretical density were obtained at only 1200°C with dwell time of 10 hours. Literature shows that this degree of sintering is only achieved with the use of sintering aids. Systematic monitoring of microstructural development of the green compacts made with the different powders obtained in this thesis allowed the detection of a liquid phase appearing around 1200°C, which has not yet been reported in the literature. In green compacts with aggregates, the liquid phase was consumed in the densification of these defects so that macroporosity would remain even after sintering at 1600°C. In aggregate-free green compacts, the liquid phase aided to achieve high and homogeneous densification, mostly around the initial temperature of its formation. However, even after achieving high densification at low temperatures, higher ones are required in order to develop the microstructure in ways to reach adequate protonic electrical conductivity. The microstructure developed by powders obtained by grinding with 20:1 ratio (grinding media/powder) for 24h and sintered at 1600°C showed a proton conductivity of 2x10-2S/cm at 600°C which is in agreement with the best results in the literature.
Estudo das remoções dos servidores técnico-administrativos em uma instituição pública de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-28)
Priori, Marilda Cristina
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Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
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Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
Allocating or reallocating civil servants at a public institution of higher education is not an easy task. The working areas are various and balancing the institutional and personal needs is a major challenge for People Management organs. This research aims at studying internal reorganizations from 2012 to 2016, by public administrative technicians of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The present study is characterized as a case study, with an exploratory and descriptive approach with quantitative emphasis, besides bibliographical and documental research and questionnaires as a technical procedure. A documental research of service reports published at the institution website and internal spreadsheets used by Pró-Reitoria de Gestão de Pessoas (ProGPe) for the reorganizations was carried out. The study has concluded that the major movement happened in 2015, with 75 reorganizations. Considering the workers’ profiles, it was identified that most of them are female and they are aged from 28 to 37 years old. They have been at the institution for less than three years of effective practice and have higher degrees than required for the position. In order to identify the most recurring reasons for the reorganization processes, a questionnaire was used with closed questions to 107 servants. It was possible to conclude that work overload and responsibilities’ excess are the major reasons for the reorganization requests, followed by relationship problems with manager/boss and dissatisfaction with the team and colleagues. Considering these results, this study aims at assisting a future People Management policy which could be more appropriate.
O Brasil visto de cima: o campo de uma periferia a partir de centros de produção etnigráfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-28)
Chaves, Estêvão Barros
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Leirner, Piero de Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883880276055777
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5906937731368898
This thesis intends to observe the relationship between brazilian and foreign anthropologies, seeking the representation among it in the many senses that they may acquire. From the double “center-periphery” relations - between anthropologists and natives on one side, and central and marginal anthropologies on another- the research will seek to highlight the ways in which relations are established and their contents. In this sense, it will be necessary to see, among other elements, how certain "central" anthropologies dialogue with the Brazilian anthropology when its objects are in Brazil, At another level, we will look for definitions on the Brazilian anthropology in instruments such as encyclopedias, dictionaries and, mainly, periodicals. At this point, we intend to compare "outsiders" and "internal" views, produced, however, for a global audience, as a mechanism for observing the type of relationships that can be understood within vectors conceived by the "center-periphery" axis. How then could we observe the multiple positions that Brazilian anthropology occupies in the international field? The idea, therefore, is to build a typology of relationships that helps to think certain international politics about Brazilian anthropology.
Multicomponent combinatorial synthesis of proplyl peptide-lipopeptoid hybrid catalyst: application in the asymmetric Michael addition under aqueous environment
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-29)
Delgado, José Antonio Campos
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Paixão, Márcio Weber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659929470209327
This study describes the synthesis of a new library of prolyl peptides-lipopeptoid hybrids catalysts through a multicomponent combinatorial approach. For the design of this catalyst library, we took into consideration the growing interest in the development of environmentally friendly technologies and the recent contributions of our research group in their field. To this end, by using the Ugi-four component protocol we have incorporated lipidic side chains in the architecture of the proyl peptide-peptoid hybrid catalyst. The insertion of functionalities with amphiphilic properties afford to the organocatalyst surfactant properties. Therefore, they have been further evaluated as an organocatalysts in the environmentally friendly enantioselective addition of aldehydes to nitrostyrenes. The Michael adducts were obtained in high yields, diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities using low catalyst loading under water as solvent without addition of any other additive.
Resposta da modulação autonômica cardiovascular à mudança postural, contração e treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico em gestantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-29)
Corrêa, Mikaela da Silva
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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Driusso, Patricia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
Pelvic floor muscle training is encouraged during pregnancy for the prevention of pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions. It is known that the contraction and training of others small muscle groups can cause changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation, but this was not verified regarding the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). In pregnancy, cardiovascular autonomic responses to different stimuli may present differences in relation to non-pregnant individuals, due to adaptations of this period. Different analyzes and standardized stimuli provide complementary information on the functioning of ANS, which is not yet fully elucidated during pregnancy. This study consists of two manuscripts with the following aim: Study 1: To evaluate the response of the cardiovascular autonomic modulation to the postural change through different analyzes in the second trimester of pregnancy. Study 2: to evaluate if there is alteration in the cardiovascular autonomic modulation after the contraction of the PFM in pregnant, and if there is effect of the PFM training in the cardiovascular autonomic modulation at rest during pregnancy. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study where we evaluated the response of heart rate (HRV) and blood pressure variabilities (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) to postural change in pregnancy at the 18th week, and not pregnant women of the same range age. In study 2, we evaluated the HRV, BPV and BRS response after a series of PFM contractions in 18-week pregnant. The pregnant were divided into 2 groups, in which one performed PFM training from the 20th to the 35th week of pregnancy, and one control group without training. In the 36th week, HRV, BPV and BRS were compared at rest of the two groups. Conclusions: In study 1 we verified that HRV, parasympathetic modulation and BRS are reduced in pregnant at rest, while the complexity of HRV and BPV is maintained. The responses to postural change occur in the same direction with some differences, such as lower proportion in relation to vagal withdrawal and sympathetic activation. In study 2, we verified that there was no change in HRV, BPV and SBR after a series of PFM contractions, and that pregnant presented lower blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic modulation of BP, and higher BRS at 36 weeks of pregnancy compared to untrained pregnant women.
Caracterização das comunidades de peixes de duas lagoas marginais na bacia do Alto Paranapanema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30)
Turco, Debora Pardini Lo
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David, José Augusto de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1395716206085674
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Carmassi, Giulianna Rondineli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1483021311370862
Marginal lagoons are considered an integral part of lotic systems, interacting with rivers through the exchange of water, nutrients and living organisms. They play an important role in the maintenance of biodiversity, especially the ichthyofauna, serving as a refuge for predators, nursery and feeding grounds. This work had as objective the characterization of the ichthyofauna of two marginal lagoons of a preserved section of the Paranapanema river, in order to validate the importance of these environments for the preservation of species of fish and their function as nursery and to record the basal frequency of micronuclei and nuclear morphological abnormalities in erythrocytes of the captured fish, comparing these frequencies with the control groups of other works of the literature. In general, the ichthyofauna sampled was composed mainly of small species, with low migratory capacity and life cycle associated to the marginal lagoons, depending on them for feeding / growth or reproduction. The disparities found in the communities of these lagoons in the different campaigns may reflect the degree of connectivity of these environments to the river; since the similarity between the lagoons was greater in the second campaign, which coincided with the beginning of the rainy season. The micronucleus frequencies and nuclear anomalies showed values similar to those observed in the literature for the negative control groups of the different species analyzed, evidencing that these lagoons can be considered little impacted by pollutants.
Análise da complexidade do torque dos extensores do joelho: efeito do envelhecimento, fragilidade e exercício físico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30)
Fiogbé, Elie
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Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3012093477455714
The process of physiological aging involves a series of alterations in the neuromuscular system leading to the reduction of mass and muscle force. Consequently, changes in muscle strength have been investigated in elderly individuals as a tool for detecting geriatric syndromes and declining functional capacity. Consequently, muscle force is routinely assessed in older adults as diagnostic criteria of some geriatric syndromes, and a tool for the investigation of functional capacity declines. However, unlike maximal muscle force, muscle force control indexes allow a better understanding of the neuromuscular system, providing information on the mechanisms governing force production and maintenance, reflecting the sensorimotor control of these individuals. However, several aspects remain uncertain in the study of muscle force control in the elderly. Thus, the effects of aging, muscle contraction intensity, and physical training on large postural muscles force complexity of remain unknown. Investigating these issues will have a great clinical relevance, allowing a better understanding of the age-related changes in the neuromuscular system and its responses to the multicomponent exercise program. In order to elucidate these aspects, this thesis was planned in 3 studies. The Study 1 entitled "Complexity of knee extensor torque: effect of aging and contraction intensity" aimed to investigate the effects of aging and the intensity of isometric contractions on the complexity of knee extensor torque. The results showed that although the knee extensor torque complexity is reduced in the elderly, its relation with the intensity of the contraction is similar to that of the young subjects. Study II entitled "Exercise training in older adults, what effects on muscle force control? A systematic review of randomized clinical trials" aimed to determine the magnitude of the effects of different modalities of physical training on muscle force control variables in older adults, through a systematic review of the literature. The results of this study showed that physical training has a beneficial effect on older adults’ muscle force control. Study III entitled "Effectiveness of a multicomponent training on muscle force control in pre-frail older adults: a blinded randomized controlled trial" aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent training program in improving the functional capacity and the complexity of the torque of the patients. knee extensors in pre-frail elderly. The results of this study showed the effectiveness of the multi-component exercise program in improving knee extensor torque complexity and gait speed in pre-frail elderly.
Complexos contendo bases de Schiff simétricas e não-simétricas: I – Complexos mono- e trinucleares de Níquel(II) e de Cobre(II) com ligantes do tipo salen para oxidação de catecóis; II – Complexos de Zinco(II) com aminotroponiminatos para polimerizações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30)
Bucalon, Daniel Haguihara
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Dockal, Edward Ralph
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2552019007817230
In this work two topics involving symmetric and non-symmetric Schiff bases were investigated. In the first part, the mono- and trinuclear complexes of nickel (II) and copper (II) were studied as catalysts in the oxidation reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-catechol. A variety of structures with yields above 58% were synthesized and characterized. Regarding the structures and properties obtained, the characterization data indicate remarkable differences between the mono- and trinuclear complexes. The series of structures allowed the possibility of evaluating and correlating the stereo and electronic effects with the catalytic activities of the compounds. The nickel (II) and copper (II) trinuclear complexes showed higher catalytic efficiency than their respective mononuclear complexes. Within the series of copper (II) trinuclear complexes, the 3-ethoxy substitution compound and two methyl groups [Cu(Cu(3OEtsaldmen)}2(ClO4)2] were found to be the most efficient. It has been found that there was an increase in catalytic efficiency with the change of substituents on the aromatic ring with the sequence -OH <-H <-OMe <-OEt. Furthermore, in general, by analyzing the effect of the methyl substituents close to one of the imines, the following order to the catalytic efficiency was found: -H; -H < -H;-CH3 < -CH3;-CH3, but depending on the substituent at the postion 3 on the ring, this effect was more or less pronounced. In the second part, three new complexes of type [Zn(ATI){N (SiMe3)2}] were synthesized, characterized and tested tested in the ring-opening polymerization of the lactones β-rac-butyrolactone and rac-lactide. The ligands, with two of them unknown in the literature, were readily obtained via a three-step synthesis from tropolone. The influence of the varying metallacycle ring size on the polymerization was evaluated. In situ IR measurements indicate a higher catalytic activity of the novel aminotroponiminate complexes for β-rac-butyrolactone compared with the β-diiminate system. The activity and degree of control were further improved by an in situ generated alkoxy initiating group generated after the addition of 2-propanol. An enhanced initiator efficiency allowed the synthesis of polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. Furthermore, complexes with ethyl and isopropyl groups exhibited a high activity in the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Hereby, reaction time and initiator efficiency could also be optimized at a higher temperature or by the addition of 2-propanol.
Estudo de inibidores naturais e sintéticos de cisteíno proteases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30)
Silva, Taynara Lopes
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Brömme, Dieter
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Vieira, Paulo Cezar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9412487106628965
This work describes in its first part the chemical study of the fungus Fusarium proliferatum looking for inhibitors of cysteine proteases, with two distinct approaches: i) The search for papain inhibitors, to understand the chemoecological interaction between plants rich in proteases and micro-organisms that can infect them; ii) the isolation of compounds that are possible human cysteine protease inhibitors. Nine metabolites were isolated, with beauvericin being the major compound in the extracts. This compound showed inhibitory activity against papain with IC50: 25.2 μM. In addition, beauvericin also showed inhibitory activity of two human cysteine proteases, CatV with IC50: 40.6 μM and CatB with IC50: 6.8 μM. In the second part of the study, synthetic compounds were evaluated for inhibition of cathepsin K. This enzyme is also a cysteine protease, papain-like, and is directly associated with the bone resorption process, where high CatK activity is related to bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Sixteen new synthetic compounds were evaluated, which presented moderate activities, low micro molar, against of CatK, using two approaches to search for inhibitors: i) inhibition of active site and ii) inhibition of exosites of enzyme. The compounds evaluated belong to three different classes, being epoxy-α-acyloxycarboxamide, epoxy-α-acylaminocarboxamide and quinolines phthalonitriles. An initial screening was performed to verify the activity of the inhibitors, then verified the potency of these inhibitors and the compounds that presented the best inhibitory activities were submitted to studies of the mechanisms of action. Molecular docking studies were also performed to understand the interactions between the protein and the inhibitor evaluated. The evaluated compounds showed moderate inhibitory activity, with the phononitriles being the ones with the highest potency, with IC50: 1.5 μM approximately. The compounds evaluated were identified as incompatible CatK inhibitors.