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Práticas de ensino etnicorraciais no currículo em ação no ensino fundamental I
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-01) Araújo, Natália Cristina Cabrera; Lima, Emília Freitas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3770328469972366
The education of ethno-racial relations, the focus of this research, provided for the Law 10.639/2003, deals with the teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African history and culture emphasizing the importance of black culture in the formation of Brazilian society, and introducing in the school curriculum the theme of diversity and difference. Based on this, the general objective of this research is to understand how work is articulated with the education of ethno-racial relations, in order to identify practices that reveal the potential of overcoming prejudices and inequalities, in this sphere of social relations, in the curriculum in action in the Elementary School. The study was developed in a school unit of the municipal education system of the city of São Carlos, SP, through an intervention type research in which the researcher was also the teacher of the class. The intervention involved the activities developed during one semester, in 2017, in the class of 2nd year of Elementary School under the responsibility of the teacher-researcher. The activities carried out in the classroom were recorded in audio and registered in field diaries, constituting the data of the research. The research was based on theoretical references related to the intercultural perspective, to ethno-racial relations and to the curriculum. The organization of the data was based on episodes referring to both programmed and spontaneous activities, involving pedagogical practices that had aspects related to the theme in focus. The analysis of data and interlacing with the literature brought important considerations to the teaching practice and, above all, to the pedagogical work on the ethno-racial theme related to the black population in the curriculum in action in the intercultural perspective, which privileges the respect and appreciation of the "other" as well as mutual collaboration. In addition, it has been shown that it is possible to work pedagogically with ethno-racial relations in all curricular components in elementary school - initial years, either in a previously planned or spontaneous way, from situations generated in the curriculum in action. The paper also sought to show some possibilities for rethinking the ways of educating for diversity and reconstructing educational processes geared towards the excluded people, based on the idea that much of what went wrong with the world came from education anchored only in Eurocentric thought, without the due critical eye. Working ethno-racial in the intercultural approach is not to impose ideas or ideals, it is to propose ideas and ideals. It is listening to the voice and not giving the voice. It is giving oneself respect and not imposing respect. It is dialogue and not determination. Finally, to work in the perspective that we defend is: destabilize and reconstruct stereotyped concepts about the black people in our society and show that everything is learned through the act of education, because if we can learn to hate, we can also learn to respect.
Efeitos do cádmio e do cobalto no crescimento e em parâmetros bioquímicos e fotossintéticos da clorofícea Raphidocelis subcapitata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-01) Reis, Larissa Luiza dos; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0830653164383767
Heavy metals may cause damage to the biota of contaminated environments. The use of multiple endpoints is necessary to better elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity of these compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) on growth, biochemical and photosynthetic parameters of the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, through quantification of carbohydrates, lipid composition, concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a), maximum (ΦM) and effective quantum yields (Φ’M), efficiency of oxygen evolving complex (OEC) and photochemical and non-photochemical quenchings analysis. To date, this is the first study reporting Co effects in lipid classes of a freshwater Chlorophyceae. After 96 hours of exposure, we found an IC50 of 0.58 and 0.85 µM of Cd and Co, respectively. Both metals led to increase of total lipid content and reduction of efficiency of OEC and of ΦM. Chl a was the most efficient endpoint to detect Cd toxicity, after 96 hours of treatment. In relation to Co, cell density and total lipids content were the most sensitive endpoints, since they were altered in all concentrations. The lipid classes most affected by Cd were wax esters – WE (8-fold increase), and triglycerides – TAG (47% reduction), and Co exposure were sterols – ST (4-fold increase), and acetone mobile polar lipid – AMPL (60% reduction). The use of several endpoints enables to detect differences between the mechanisms of action of each metal, as well as the consequences to microalgae. In addition, the cell-level toxicity assessments carried out in this study based on biochemical parameters and photosynthetic efficiency provided faster responses regarding the damage caused by Cd and Co compared to traditional assessments in ecotoxicology, such as cell density measures, specially with regard to interference of Co in the biochemical composition of the microalgae.
"Ai, se eu te pego!": um caso de (in)fidelidade - uma leitura holística do hit e suas traduções para o inglês e espanhol à luz da análise crítica do discurso e dos estudos de tradução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-01) Santos, Julio César Ribeiro dos; Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5388166555913162
We value ourselves from the hit "Ai, si te tego" (TELÓ et al., 2011), viral because of the insertion in multiple discursive practices (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001), and its translations into the English language and the Spanish language for the test of the theoretical-methodological approach of the Translation Studies (LOW, 2003, 2005; VENUTI, 2000; PYM, 2017) and the Critical Discourse Analysis (see Fairclough, 1989, 2001) in the research on the unfolding and problematization of the issues "sense", "fidelity", "domestication / foreignization" (VENUTI, 2000) and "power relations". The research, which has a qualitative nature and ethnographic basis (CRESEWELL, 2010), had 19 informants distributed in three groups and two other informants contacted at different moments of the progress of the research in confrontation / discussion with the researcher's analysis. From the results: a) the translation proposals sin on the questions of naturalness and meaning (see Low, 2005); b) all the informants accuse the same lexical problems; c) the lexical alternatives proposed by native speakers of the foreign languages and speakers of the English and / or Spanish language as L2 disagree; d) the original and the translation proposals are in line with the maintenance of the hegemonic ideology, which is shown in a more crystalline way in the video clip of the proposal for the English language. Although on a rudimentary level, the approximation between discursive studies and translation studies proves to be productive, thus becoming a call for researchers in the field
Índice de governança sustentável: processos que ampliam a capacidade de governo - o caso de Catanduva, Sp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-01) Sanches, Maria Cristina Pinheiro Machado; Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0789500150383713
This research proposes to develop the Sustainable Governance Index (IGS), with concentrated and detailed variables in the processes of elaboration, implementation and management of public policies, under the three levels of the Carlos Matus Governance Triangle - project, governance and capacity; as well as to ensure the involvement of the population in the daily routine of municipal public management. In this way, the IGS serves as an evaluator of public policy processes by governance (public power, private initiative and community), as well as guiding guideline procedures. This is a methodological research that seeks the construction of an index that is capable of evaluating and guiding urban governance. That is, the present research is permeating the constant doubt: "How can we evaluate, monitor, direct, guide and promote urban governance?". The thesis aims at variables of procedures, knowledge, relations and actions, among others, that can influence the success of governance processes, following the principle of democratic management of cities and involving actors in responsibilities and rights, taking advantage of latent synergies. In this, the variables that make up the IGS are selected from the development of the chapters. Firstly, a bibliographical review on the public sphere and governance is carried out, from which the stages of governance and social participation from the most primary to the supposedly more developed, according to the variables that characterize it, are categorized. Then some of the documents that deal with the themes "right to the city" and "environmental balance" are studied: "Cities Charter", "New Urban Agenda" and "Sustainable Development Objectives" (ODS). From this study it was possible to identify common approaches between them. In the same way, the strategies used by public policy observatories as social control of results and means are studied; as well as to motivate municipal management to set public policy agendas to achieve goals and objectives. These strategies are related to the variables of the desired governance stage. Thus, the IGS methodology is designed. The common approaches identified in the documents studied are organized in 5 dimensions; whose cut of the IGS is established in the dimension here titled "Participatory and inclusive governance". The variables that make up the IGS are selected from these approaches related to governance strategies. Of the variables selected, the municipal urban governance evaluation questionnaire was composed of 92 indicators, organized in 27 blocks and 5 axes. Each indicator is a question that composes the questionnaire. In the proposed methodology the system of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the answers is developed. From then on the IGS is applied in Catanduva, SP, as a case study. In this city the key actors and public and civil managers of public policies are identified, especially those policies geared towards the territorial and environmental physical environment. From the sample size study by the bibliographic recommendation, 68 questionnaires were applied. Parallel to this and still related to the variables of the IGS are analyzed the implementation, change and management flows of some documents - such as the Government Plan of the last two municipal administrations and the Participatory Master Plan of 2006; as well as emerging public policies in the city at the time of the survey. From the results of the application of the IGS questionnaire it was possible to identify intervals of governance excellence from the variables selected for this index and eminent vulnerabilities in the municipal governance processes; especially on the issues surrounding the governance of the system. As well as verifying the fragility of the public policies studied, the insufficiency of social control and the bureaucratization of the participation of the population, among others. In the application of the questionnaire, the lowest results achieved relate to the governance of the system; mainly in the production and dissemination of knowledge. It is expected that the continuous application of the IGS in the cities will assist in the orientation and implementation of the governance processes; but also allows greater transparency and access of society to municipal public management, and is an instrument capable of developing local capacities of technicians and community.