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Análise da qualidade microbiológica e sujidades em melado de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05) Belé, Jhéssica Samara Abreu Holsbach Silva; Belini, Valdinei Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2364419655591136; Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8052779335968451
Sugarcane syrup is defined as the product obtained by the concentration of sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum L.) or from melted sugarcane. The sugar cane syrup have good acceptance in the Brazilian market and can be used as a sweetener replacing refined sugar, besides containing important minerals. However, the existing specific standards are insufficient to accurately assess the quality of this product. In this context, 15 commercial brands of sugarcane syrup were analyzed based on microbiological properties, moisture, water activity and foreign matter. All brands showed absence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, while five brands showed contamination by mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts. In relation to the count of thermophilic bacteria flat-sour three marks showed contamination, however within the maximum allowed by the legislations. Humidity ranged from 9 to 26.1%, indicating that there was no standardization among the samples analyzed. In relation to water activity, the results ranged from 0.63 to 0.74. The analysis matter strange, conducted under light transmission microscopy, revealed that 14 (93%) brands contained some kind of foreign material, with only one brand (M) meeting the standards. The current national standard (RDC nº. 12/2001) does not contain enough information to analyze the quality of syrup, so an update is necessary to ensure that this product has a quality standard and can be consumed safely.
O papel das aves na dispersão de sementes da espécie exótica Schefflera actinophylla (Apiales, Araliaceae): potencial de invasibilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05) Marcelino, Paula Guarini; Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4896301091080542
Anthropogenic activities affect landscapes, biodiversity and ecosystem services. These actions impair animal/plant interactions, mainly involving frugivorous birds. The dispersion played by birds allows plant species to colonize distant areas, increasing the risk of invasion when an exotic species in involved. Exotic species are able to survive and grow, competing with native species resources and may cause changes in plant communities. In this research, we evaluated the potential for invasiveness of the exotic species Schefflera actinophylla (Cheflera), by analyzing bird-fruit interactions, phenophases and fruit offer, and seed germination. The study was carried out from September 2017 to September 2018 in both Carlos Alberto de Souza Park and Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoo, in the city of Sorocaba, state of São Paulo. We observed bird species, number and length of visits, number of ingested fruits, feeding behavior and fruit manipulation strategies. We considered the feeding categories of engulf, mash, pick, remove and drop. To estimate the germination percentage, we collected seeds from fruits of the focal trees and from feces of some captive birds. We compared seeds collected from green, immature, mature, fallen and from feces (Mimus saturninus and Turdus rufiventris). High percentage of germination (83.20 ± 8.16%) were observed in all treatments, and no germination for green fruit seeds. Phenophases in different individuals varied from 0 to 25% with the presence of some event. We consider as main potential seed dispersers, Pitangus sulphuratus, Turdus leucomelas and Megarynchus pitangua, with the predominant behavior of engulf the whole fruits (92% of the fruits), together with their frequency of visits (145 visits) and high number of ingested fruits (621 fruits). Feces of M. saturninus and T. rufiventris produced viable seeds, but with a lower percentage of germination. Natural regeneration was observed in the field, possibly from seeds dispersed by birds. Based on seed germination and presence of seedlings in the field, we concluded that Cheflera has a potential to be an invader, and its use in urban design should be avoided.
Análise do choque de risco-país sobre os ciclos econômicos brasileiros pós-regime de metas para a inflação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05) Borges, Wesley Augusto de Freitas; Bragagnolo, Cassiano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3604206454925741; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8959565493573330
This study sought to analyze the impact of the country risk shock on the Brazilian economic cycles post-inflation targeting regime. For this, we used a SOE-RBC model proposed by Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2003) modified to estimate parameters by means of Bayesian methods. The results suggest that the country risk shock mainly explains the short-term oscillations of foreign debt and investment and a small part of the short-term oscillations of the capital stock, while the short-term oscillations of the other variables are explained by the productivity shock. In addition, it is considered that a positive shock in the country risk or possible downgrade by a rating agency would have a greater impact on investments and national external debt. When conducting a sensitivity analysis on the external debt impact coefficient on the interest rate, it is found that a lower ratio between net external debt and output mitigates the negative impacts of an increase in country risk, especially in product, investment, hours worked, salary, and capital stock. Given the recent concern to control the trajectory of public debt since Constitutional Amendment n° 95, there is an attention point in the indication of a vicious cycle between the debt increase and the country risk that can be considered in the elaboration of the next Brazilian public and economic policies. However, there is an important trade-off between the possible loss of autonomy and the national sovereignty by the monetary authority when it conforms to the recommendations of evaluating or supranational agencies that need further investigation.
Caracterização físico-química e sensorial de melados comerciais de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05) Vicentini-Polette, Carolina Medeiros; Borges, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1800048119205212; Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8256944734912358
The sugarcane syrup production is one of the ways to benefit sugarcane and, at the same time, to provide the small rural producer with a safe income source. It is of great importance that the artisanal and cultural product is known intrinsically, aiming its valorization through the improvement of the technological and sensorial qualities. The objective of the study was to obtain information about the physicochemical characteristics, mineral nutrients (ICP-AES), sensorial attributes and labeling of 15 commercial sugarcane syrups, comparing them with the Brazilian legislation regarding the product. The labeling was evaluated according to the legislation in force in Brazil. For the analysis of pH, total acidity, soluble solids, viscosity, moisture, total solids, reducing sugars, ash and instrumental color were found great variations in the contents, showing the variability of the product. On average, the main minerals present in the sugarcane syrup were potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus with respectively 340, 57, 49 and 48 mg/100g. The sensorial viscosity showed proportional relation to the instrumental viscosity and the soluble solids content. In addition, this work is pioneer in indicating the viscosity in Stokes. The sugarcane syrups with greater purchase intention and preference were the ones of darkest color, more viscous appearance, and texture of little or medium viscosity. All the sugarcane syrups presented in their labels, the denomination, data of origin and validity. They did not present a labeling standard regarding the nutritional table of sugarcane syrup, and 40% of the evaluated brands did not present all the requested information. . There was variation among the physicochemical parameters of sugarcane syrup, mainly regarding to the sugar content reducer. Due to the importance of the labeling for consumer's understanding and conscious purchase, and also the relevance of this information for product valorization.
Concepções sobre situações de violências: estudantes do ensino fundamental anos finais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05) Matheus, Yasmim Lotti Silva; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9831378083757483
Violence is not limited only to the physical aspects; it is also manifested through signs, prejudices, metaphors, etc., by anything that can be interpreted as warning of threat. Knowing this, and the different conceptions about situations of violence, this study had a general goal to analyze the conceptions of elementary school students - 8th and 9th year on situations of violence in the society, at school and in interpersonal relationships. Besides the theoretical contribution and definition of the different types of violence, it was also necessary to carry out an empirical investigation. The empirical research had two stages of approximation: the first corresponded to the contact with the participating school, the elaboration (together with the researchers of Federal University of São Carlos) and the elective course, lasting one semester. The students of the researched school were able to talk about violence issues and produce audiovisual materials (such as videos and photographs). In the second moment, there were three meetings, in the form of focus groups, with six participants to discuss issues of violence in society, school and interpersonal relationships, we used as a trigger element of the meetings three videos produced at the previous moment of the research. Through the review of the students' speeches, we identify their conceptions of violence in three categories: The world around the young students: how violence is perceived; Family and society: situations of violence; and, finally, how the students face situations of school violence. By listening and discussing to their voices and audiovisual productions it was possible to understand how they construct their conceptions and ideas living in a society that has several types of violence. We believe that when the educator has the knowledge of such perceptions, it can help in the school trajectory for the students, having good consequences as students with better social interactions and better school achievements.
Física e Geociências: uma proposta interdisciplinar para o ensino de Termodinâmica e Ondulatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05) Retamero, Alex Amilton Costa; Gebara, Maria José Fontana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961; Dias, Airton Natanael Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070166380084691; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6704616715976854
The aim of the work was to verify the limit and contributions of the association between Physic and Geosciences in the High School. To this, two Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTUS) were developed based in either theories (or models): Interdisciplinary Island of Rationality (IIR) of Gerard Fourez and of the David Ausubel's Theory of significant learning. Developed in 2017 for the second year students of a private school in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, the PMTUS were applied from contents of Thermodynamic and Waves. These contents were approached from the study of Climate and Interior Model of the Earth. Preliminary results indicate that the association of Physics and Geosciences can motivate students and give meaning to the contents studied.