Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-02-05"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 12500

O papel das aves na dispersão de sementes da espécie exótica Schefflera actinophylla (Apiales, Araliaceae): potencial de invasibilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05)
Marcelino, Paula Guarini
;
Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
;
Piratelli, Augusto João
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
Anthropogenic activities affect landscapes, biodiversity and ecosystem services. These actions impair animal/plant interactions, mainly involving frugivorous birds. The dispersion played by birds allows plant species to colonize distant areas, increasing the risk of invasion when an exotic species in involved. Exotic species are able to survive and grow, competing with native species resources and may cause changes in plant communities. In this research, we evaluated the potential for invasiveness of the exotic species Schefflera actinophylla (Cheflera), by analyzing bird-fruit interactions, phenophases and fruit offer, and seed germination. The study was carried out from September 2017 to September 2018 in both Carlos Alberto de Souza Park and Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoo, in the city of Sorocaba, state of São Paulo. We observed bird species, number and length of visits, number of ingested fruits, feeding behavior and fruit manipulation strategies. We considered the feeding categories of engulf, mash, pick, remove and drop. To estimate the germination percentage, we collected seeds from fruits of the focal trees and from feces of some captive birds. We compared seeds collected from green, immature, mature, fallen and from feces (Mimus saturninus and Turdus rufiventris). High percentage of germination (83.20 ± 8.16%) were observed in all treatments, and no germination for green fruit seeds. Phenophases in different individuals varied from 0 to 25% with the presence of some event. We consider as main potential seed dispersers, Pitangus sulphuratus, Turdus leucomelas and Megarynchus pitangua, with the predominant behavior of engulf the whole fruits (92% of the fruits), together with their frequency of visits (145 visits) and high number of ingested fruits (621 fruits). Feces of M. saturninus and T. rufiventris produced viable seeds, but with a lower percentage of germination. Natural regeneration was observed in the field, possibly from seeds dispersed by birds. Based on seed germination and presence of seedlings in the field, we concluded that Cheflera has a potential to be an invader, and its use in urban design should be avoided.
Física e Geociências: uma proposta interdisciplinar para o ensino de Termodinâmica e Ondulatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05)
Retamero, Alex Amilton Costa
;
Gebara, Maria José Fontana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961
;
Dias, Airton Natanael Coelho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070166380084691
The aim of the work was to verify the limit and contributions of the association between Physic and Geosciences in the High School. To this, two Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTUS) were developed based in either theories (or models): Interdisciplinary Island of Rationality (IIR) of Gerard Fourez and of the David Ausubel's Theory of significant learning. Developed in 2017 for the second year students of a private school in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, the PMTUS were applied from contents of Thermodynamic and Waves. These contents were approached from the study of Climate and Interior Model of the Earth. Preliminary results indicate that the association of Physics and Geosciences can motivate students and give meaning to the contents studied.
Análise da qualidade microbiológica e sujidades em melado de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05)
Belé, Jhéssica Samara Abreu Holsbach Silva
;
Belini, Valdinei Luis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2364419655591136
;
Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684
Sugarcane syrup is defined as the product obtained by the concentration of sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum L.) or from melted sugarcane. The sugar cane syrup have good acceptance in the Brazilian market and can be used as a sweetener replacing refined sugar, besides containing important minerals. However, the existing specific standards are insufficient to accurately assess the quality of this product. In this context, 15 commercial brands of sugarcane syrup were analyzed based on microbiological properties, moisture, water activity and foreign matter. All brands showed absence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, while five brands showed contamination by mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts. In relation to the count of thermophilic bacteria flat-sour three marks showed contamination, however within the maximum allowed by the legislations. Humidity ranged from 9 to 26.1%, indicating that there was no standardization among the samples analyzed. In relation to water activity, the results ranged from 0.63 to 0.74. The analysis matter strange, conducted under light transmission microscopy, revealed that 14 (93%) brands contained some kind of foreign material, with only one brand (M) meeting the standards. The current national standard (RDC nº. 12/2001) does not contain enough information to analyze the quality of syrup, so an update is necessary to ensure that this product has a quality standard and can be consumed safely.
Análise do choque de risco-país sobre os ciclos econômicos brasileiros pós-regime de metas para a inflação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05)
Borges, Wesley Augusto de Freitas
;
Bragagnolo, Cassiano
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3604206454925741
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8959565493573330
This study sought to analyze the impact of the country risk shock on the Brazilian economic cycles post-inflation targeting regime. For this, we used a SOE-RBC model proposed by Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2003) modified to estimate parameters by means of Bayesian methods. The results suggest that the country risk shock mainly explains the short-term oscillations of foreign debt and investment and a small part of the short-term oscillations of the capital stock, while the short-term oscillations of the other variables are explained by the productivity shock. In addition, it is considered that a positive shock in the country risk or possible downgrade by a rating agency would have a greater impact on investments and national external debt. When conducting a sensitivity analysis on the external debt impact coefficient on the interest rate, it is found that a lower ratio between net external debt and output mitigates the negative impacts of an increase in country risk, especially in product, investment, hours worked, salary, and capital stock. Given the recent concern to control the trajectory of public debt since Constitutional Amendment n° 95, there is an attention point in the indication of a vicious cycle between the debt increase and the country risk that can be considered in the elaboration of the next Brazilian public and economic policies. However, there is an important trade-off between the possible loss of autonomy and the national sovereignty by the monetary authority when it conforms to the recommendations of evaluating or supranational agencies that need further investigation.
Caracterização físico-química e sensorial de melados comerciais de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05)
Vicentini-Polette, Carolina Medeiros
;
Borges, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1800048119205212
;
Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684
The sugarcane syrup production is one of the ways to benefit sugarcane and, at the same time, to provide the small rural producer with a safe income source. It is of great importance that the artisanal and cultural product is known intrinsically, aiming its valorization through the improvement of the technological and sensorial qualities. The objective of the study was to obtain information about the physicochemical characteristics, mineral nutrients (ICP-AES), sensorial attributes and labeling of 15 commercial sugarcane syrups, comparing them with the Brazilian legislation regarding the product. The labeling was evaluated according to the legislation in force in Brazil. For the analysis of pH, total acidity, soluble solids, viscosity, moisture, total solids, reducing sugars, ash and instrumental color were found great variations in the contents, showing the variability of the product. On average, the main minerals present in the sugarcane syrup were potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus with respectively 340, 57, 49 and 48 mg/100g. The sensorial viscosity showed proportional relation to the instrumental viscosity and the soluble solids content. In addition, this work is pioneer in indicating the viscosity in Stokes. The sugarcane syrups with greater purchase intention and preference were the ones of darkest color, more viscous appearance, and texture of little or medium viscosity. All the sugarcane syrups presented in their labels, the denomination, data of origin and validity. They did not present a labeling standard regarding the nutritional table of sugarcane syrup, and 40% of the evaluated brands did not present all the requested information. . There was variation among the physicochemical parameters of sugarcane syrup, mainly regarding to the sugar content reducer. Due to the importance of the labeling for consumer's understanding and conscious purchase, and also the relevance of this information for product valorization.
Concepções sobre situações de violências: estudantes do ensino fundamental anos finais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-05)
Matheus, Yasmim Lotti Silva
;
Luiz, Maria Cecília
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9831378083757483
Violence is not limited only to the physical aspects; it is also manifested through signs, prejudices, metaphors, etc., by anything that can be interpreted as warning of threat. Knowing this, and the different conceptions about situations of violence, this study had a general goal to analyze the conceptions of elementary school students - 8th and 9th year on situations of violence in the society, at school and in interpersonal relationships. Besides the theoretical contribution and definition of the different types of violence, it was also necessary to carry out an empirical investigation. The empirical research had two stages of approximation: the first corresponded to the contact with the participating school, the elaboration (together with the researchers of Federal University of São Carlos) and the elective course, lasting one semester. The students of the researched school were able to talk about violence issues and produce audiovisual materials (such as videos and photographs). In the second moment, there were three meetings, in the form of focus groups, with six participants to discuss issues of violence in society, school and interpersonal relationships, we used as a trigger element of the meetings three videos produced at the previous moment of the research. Through the review of the students' speeches, we identify their conceptions of violence in three categories: The world around the young students: how violence is perceived; Family and society: situations of violence; and, finally, how the students face situations of school violence. By listening and discussing to their voices and audiovisual productions it was possible to understand how they construct their conceptions and ideas living in a society that has several types of violence. We believe that when the educator has the knowledge of such perceptions, it can help in the school trajectory for the students, having good consequences as students with better social interactions and better school achievements.
Expectativa e experiência de parto em uma maternidade signatária do projeto parto adequado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-07)
Barbosa, Luara de Carvalho
;
Bussadori, Jamile Claro de Castro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4549657176930635
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8722270562915475
Although in recent years, based on science and politics evidences, we have experienced an important change in the obstetric scenario in Brazil, there is still a gap in care practice, which favors the medicalization of the female body and birth, as well as the inequality of gender and violence against women. The “Projeto Parto Adequado”, supported by the Ministry of Health, which aims to implement improved delivery and childbirth care in private and public hospitals, has been adopted by institutions in order to improve the quality of services, valuing normal childbirth and minimizing negative outcomes for women and infants, as well as providing a satisfactory experience for women. The present study aimed to understand the influence of the Adequate Childbirth Project on the experience of normal birth for women. The Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH) and the Good Practices of Attention to Childbirth and “Boas Práticas de Atencao ao Parto e ao Nascimento”, based on the theory of social representations and as a methodological reference the analysis of thematic content. The data collection took place in a city of the state of Sao Paulo, from January to March 2018 in two stages: in the first one (quantitative part of the research) the “Technique of Free Association of Words with the term “vaginal birth” was applied to 62 pregnant women at their first prenatal hospital visit, and in the second stage (qualitative part), with tracing the deliveries of women in the first stage, 18 puerperal women were individually interviewed with the triggering statement: “Tell me about your experience in maternity”. For the analysis of the material was used, in the first stage the software OpenEvoc and for the second, the software Iramuteq. The analysis of the empirical data allowed to identify that pain, marvelous, recovery, anxiety, desires, love and expectation were part of the central nucleus of the apprehension of women on normal birth and later the experiences were transcribed and treated according to a double criterion of analysis: Lexical Analysis - Word Cloud and 2. Thematic Content Analysis. As the main theme “The Transition of Care Model” and 03 thematic categories: “Surprising model”, “Model that satisfies” and “Model with embarrassments”. Although women have shown an important influence of the Adequate Childbirth Project, women bring notes of still good practices are not completely instituted, as well as demonstrate that they lack to be heard and / or valued. Thus, one realizes that only one policy or one program would not be sufficient to change a reality so concretized. It is necessary to rethink mechanisms that re-signify birth to society, as well as a vocational training path that values gender issues, and a care free of physical and emotional harm.
O estudo da congruência semântica em questões de equação de 1º grau nas avaliações de aprendizagem em processo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-07)
Garcia, Gladys Beatriz Churata
;
Oliveira, Paulo César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4654299623234098
This work aims to contribute with research involving large scale research, especially the In-Process Learning Assessment (AAP). With regard to the analysis of this type of document, we present implications of the content of equation of the first degree and linear systems of two equations of the first degree with two variables, from the perspective of the registers of semiotic representation. For the theoretical and methodological course of the research we formulate the following research question: what is the incidence of the criteria of semantic congruence in questions containing first degree equations? The methodological course of this research was qualitative in the documentary modality. In bibliographical terms, our main reference was the contributions of Raymond Duval's theory. In the documentary perspective we present the analysis of the second volume of the Teacher's Book for the 8th year of Elementary School, as well as the analysis of eight questions extracted from AAP editions applied in the period from 2012 to 2018. The results of our research revealed signs in the form necessary attention to the vocabulary appropriate to the algebraic context, as well as the possibility of minimizing non-conserved congruence criteria.
Compras públicas sustentáveis: proposta metodológica e análise dos critérios socioambientais utilizados em editais de licitações de dois campi da Universidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-07)
Pereira, Gisele Sant’ana Fiorini
;
Pugliesi, Érica
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3442214713492608
Debates on the concept of sustainable public procurement have gained more space in public management guidelines, even though most public administration still do not know or do not use these practices. The objective of this work was to verify if the socio-environmental standards of sustainable public procurement according to the Brazilian legislations are being incorporated in governmental biddings. Therefore, a bibliographical review was done on sustainable public procurement in Brazil. The main legislation aimed at regulating the use of this practice was identified, founding the benefits of its use and the obstacles faced by the public administration for its implantation. A methodology was proposed for the identification of socio-environmental standards in public procurement for the sustainable purchase of microcomputers, based on the evaluation of the product life cycle and the pertinent legislation. After the identification of the standards, an analysis was made of how these can be evidenced in an objective manner in the bidding documents. As a result of this methodological proposal, the Matrix of Identification of the Socio-Environmental Standards for the Acquisition of Microcomputers was made. Subsequently, a case study was made to analyze the use of social and environmental standards in bidding documents for the acquisition of microcomputers from two campuses of the University of São Paulo. The growing number of legislations on sustainable public procurement over the years shows the importance of the issue to public agencies. The methodology proposed for the identification of socio-environmental standards in public procurement was effective and could be extended to the acquisition of other goods, provided that it is adapted according to the analysis of the product life cycle and the legislation pertinent to the goods or service that will be purchased. The developed case study showed a low incorporation of socio-environmental standards in USP's bidding documents, but an efficient way of guaranteeing compliance with the legislation relevant to sustainable public procurement is the incorporation of these standards into the fixed information of public notice pre-approved by the university. The request for environmental certifications proved to be an important tool to demonstrate the fulfillment of the socio-environmental standards in the acquisition of microcomputers. Given these results, it is concluded that, in general, there is a significant amount of legislation that requires and supports the use of sustainability standards in public procurement, but these are ignored by the public administration, both by the executing agency of the bidding, and by the oversight body of public accounts. It is hoped that sustainable public procurement will be the rule and not the exception in the near future, where the public administration must act as a protagonist, incorporating standards and good practices of sustainability in its activities and in its bidding documents for goods and services, contributing to changes in society's production and consumption patterns for sustainable development.
Práticas de gestão da qualidade na relação cliente-fornecedor em produtos eletrônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-07)
Zorzenon, Rafael
;
Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6560587204647846
The electronics industry, as a driver of most other sectors, has been gaining prominence in recent years. The opening of trade barriers has made the market more competitive, which is why it requires a new look at quality management in the supply chain (GQCS), which has a systemic approach and aims to improve performance throughout the supply chain. through quality management. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the practices adopted by organizations according to the theory of quality management in the supply chain in the customer-supplier relationship, in particular in an electronic-electric product supplier. From the Systematic Bibliographic Review (RBS), nine main areas related to GQCS have been identified: Communication and partnership; strategy; Quality tools; process management; customer and market focus; supplier relationship management; information and analysis of quality data; management of human resources and innovation, continuous improvement and product design, and according to the main objective of the work was focused on the area of relationship management with suppliers. The data were collected using a semistructured interview conducted in an automotive engine manufacturer and an electronic component supplier, both located in the state of São Paulo, as a main instrument, so it is not possible to generalize the results, but to show the existing relationship . Through the case study carried out, it was possible to identify several present practices, highlighting the measurement and analysis of performance indicators as the main motivator in the search for the improvement of quality in organizations, as well as it was observed that the practices of incentive for improvement the quality of the products received from the suppliers and the joint elaboration of actions and improvement projects require a greater strengthening and incentive by the organizations in order to contribute to the quality improvement in this customer-supplier relationship.
Análise da abordagem de educação ambiental nos livros de biologia - PNLD 2018
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-07)
Soares, Damaris Camata
;
Gebara, Maria José Fontana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6832057236819299
The textbook is still one of the main resources used by teachers in the classroom. In this sense, the analysis of themes conveyed by these works reveals which conceptions and approaches are considered by authors, publishers, and also by the State, responsible for the National Textbook Program (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático - PNLD). Environmental Education was consolidated as public policy in Brazil and, although it is a diversified field of study, we now perceive that it has been homogenized in reformist discourses of maintenance and social conservation. Environmental Education becomes important, therefore, not only for the discussion about environmental conservation but also for the understanding and transformation of social reality. With the analysis of the Environmental Education theme in Biological textbooks of the 2018 PNLD, we intend to reflect on how these contents are evidenced. In this scenario, we performed descriptive bibliographical research, in which the data were analyzed with a proposal based on the content analysis (CA) of Bardin (2016). The analysis pointed out that the theme is unevenly distributed in the analyzed collections. According to the National Environmental Education Policy (Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental - PNEA), Environmental Education needs to be developed as an integrated, continuous and permanent educational practice. Thus, it is necessary to approach the theme then, in an equal way in the programmatic contents, a fact not observed in the analyzed collections. The analysis also showed that terms referring to Environmental Education are found in all collections, mostly present in the body of the text, which we consider a positive aspect since environmental discussion must occur throughout the development of the theme and not as something parallel and disconnected from the content. In addition, we find that most of the registration units are in the respective collections, in the volumes in which contents related to ecology are approached. With regard to the current studies on Environmental Education, we noticed that the textbooks did not advance much on this subject, giving it the unique and exclusive objective of raising awareness for environmental conservation. In relation to the categorical analysis, the analyzed collections show a conservationist and pragmatic tendency, privileging the transmission of knowledge of ecological systems, with the intention of raising awareness and sensitizing individuals towards a socially responsible behavior.
Estratégias de enfrentamento no processo de aconselhamento genético em situações de deficiência intelectual grave ou profunda: um estudo clínico-qualitativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Carvalho, Ellen Zapparoli Nunes de
;
Melo, Débora Gusmão
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2587800992546559
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8410205577252633
Introduction: Coping strategies are techniques used by individuals to adapt to challenging situations and are traditionally classified as problem-focused, emotion-focused, interpersonal coping strategies, or based on spirituality/religiosity. Parents who have children with intellectual disability (ID) experience ambiguous feelings and the coping strategies used by them will indicate the meaning of their experiences. The characterization and understanding of these coping strategies can be useful in clinical interventions and in the planning of public health policies. Aims: This research investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of patients with severe or profound ID during the genetic counseling process. Methodology: This is a clinical-qualitative study carry out with 15 mothers of patients with severe or profound ID, selected by convenience. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The reports were recorded, transcribed and investigated by the thematic content analysis technique. The results were examined through a comprehensive and interpretative approach. Results: There was a predominance of problem-focused and interpersonal coping strategies that were combined with emotion-focused and spiritual/religious coping strategies. Mothers’ adaptation varied with the stressful events to which they were exposed to and depended on the different degrees of individual tolerance to adverse situations. The higher frequency of problem-focused and interpersonal coping strategies suggested that mothers assessed the situation as likely to be modified and sought institutional and social support to facilitate adaptation to the child's needs and consequently improved their way of life. In general, the religious/spiritual coping strategies were associated with positive outcomes, facilitating the adjustment to the situation. Conclusions: It is necessary to improve external adverse situations by providing adequate support services, especially health services and specific support to the disabled to promote the development of positive coping strategies. Providing orientation on ID and building a comprehensive network of community services and supports are other important factors in coping.
Investigação do tratamento com N-acetilcisteína nos comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade durante a síndrome de abstinência do etanol e na resposta cardiovascular induzida pelo estresse em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Casula, Lígia Cury
;
Crestani, Carlos Cesar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568
;
Marin, Marcelo Tadeu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7920438802539727
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for decades, has been shown to have beneficial effects for the treatment of some diseases. Recently, based on central glutamatergic neurotransmission, psychiatric disorders and the stress response have been explored.Ethanol addiction and cardiovascular and autonomic changes in the exposure of stress are considered public health problems and responsible for a large number of deaths in the world.Both problems are related to dysfunctions in central glutamatergic neurotransmission. Thus, our first objective was to investigate whether NAC was able to reverse one of the negative emotional states of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome, anxiety. For this, Wistar rats were induced to anxiety-related behaviors in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) after withdrawing the treatment of ethanol offered in their drinking fountains and intraperitoneal injections of ethanol (2 g / kg) for 11 days. During ethanol exposure, the animals also received 10-day intraperitoneal injections of NAC at doses of 30; 60 and 120 mg / kg and on day 11, on the day of the EPM test, the animals did not draw NAC or only received a single injection of NAC 2 hours before the EPM test. Ethanol concentrations in blood were also checked to analyze ethanol pharmacokinetic changes and the best time to investigate withdrawal symptoms. The second objective of the study investigated the effects of NAC on the possible reversal of cardiovascular parameters altered by exposure of the stress of repeated or acute restriction. The results showed that NAC was not able to revert anxiety-related behaviors after treatment withdrawal with ethanol. The NAC also did not reverse the cardiovascular changes induced by restriction stress such as blood pressure, heart rate and tail temperature. However, in the response of the baroreflexs, the NAC presented a potential effect in altering the their sensitivity. Acutely 2 hours before analysis of baroreflex functions, NAC reduced tachycardia. After 24 hours of its acute administration and after its chronic administration, NAC presented bradyadic increase and reduction of intrinsic heart rate in normotensive animals. When associated with stress exposure reduced sympathetic tone, increased intrinsic heart rate and reduced bradycardic function. Therefore, its use requires caution, due to changes in the cardiac requencia and changes in baroreflex sensitivity.
Combinação de reações organocatalíticas e multicomponentes para a síntese de sistemas heterocíclicos e moleculas híbridas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Pérez, Radell Echemendía
;
García Rivera, Daniel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2938011588420423
;
Paixão, Márcio Weber
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
Small enantiomerically pure or enriched organic molecules are key starting materials in organic synthesis. Chiral building blocks are in high demand in the overall synthesis of complex natural products and in the discovery and development of drugs as well as in the production of advanced pesticides, fragrances and materials. In this sense, organocatalytic methodologies have emerged as a third pillar of asymmetric catalysis and have a prominent position in the development of more sustainable methods. Similarly, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) present themselves as a powerful tool for the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds and analogues of natural products. Chiral aldehydes are key components in stereocontrolled MCRs, methods for the asymmetric functionalization of carbonyl compounds are relevant for the development of novel multicomponent stereoselective approaches. In recent years, our group and the Banfi group have been exploring the potential of organocatalysis to generate compounds enantiomerically enriched with the synthetic power of MCRs in the diversification of these chiral compounds. In this work we describe a highly stereoselective methodology for the synthesis of natural product hybrids from an organocatalytic tandem procedure, followed by a multicomponent reaction. Effectively, the procedure comprises an organocatalysed conjugate addition of active methylene compounds (1,3-dicarbonyls and α ester or cyanoketones) to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to form asymmetric hemiacetals containing orthogonal functional groups. Next, an isocyanate based intramolecular multicomponent reaction is implemented. Through the use of this approach it was possible to synthesize hybrids of natural products, including up to four different molecular fragments, such as hydroquinoline, tetrahydropyridine, peptides, lipid and glycoside units
“Aqui não é um paraíso, mas é muito bom”: imersão e identidade de jovens africanos francófonos aprendizes de português no Distrito Federal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Cañas Chávez, Fidel Armando
;
Barbosa, Lúcia Maria de Assunção
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5030878430187815
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406833402007752
Language, identity and learner were not always closely related concepts. During the years of the tradition of the structuralism, in the second half of the twentieth century, there was a separation of these concepts, making them independent, systematizable and stable. This thesis aimed to follow the theoretical flow of poststructuralist thinking in the indissoluble relationship between identity, language, learning and individuals who learn and put themselves in active process. I focused epistemologically on the field of Applied Linguistics, as a phenomenological area that gave fundamental support to the present thesis, which aimed to understand the process of identity construction of learners of Portuguese as a foreign language of a group of 23 young Francophone Africans who came to Brazil in the year 2017 to take an immersion course within the framework of the Programa de Estudante Convênio de Graduação (conventionally called as pre-PEC-G). Methodologically, the research was characterized as a case study, and the elements of data collection were the recordings of the interviews of three simulated Portuguese Proficiency Certificate for Foreigners (Celpe-Bras) conducted throughout the school year, and dense participant observation as well. The analysis was made through the stories or narratives that the youngsters verbalized about their experience in Brazil. The objective of the research was to understand how young people subjectively position themselves to narrate their processes of identity construction as learners of Portuguese in Brazil. This construction process was analyzed as a place of struggle engaged in diverse communities of practice with acts of resistance and non-participation that generated ambivalences and contradictions in the apprentices and I observed a construction of identity that was also influenced by the imagined communities that the young people previously owned and raised in Brazil. Finally, it was analyzed how the social imaginary had repercussions in the identification of the young apprentices in immersion condition in Brazil. The research also aimed to contribute as a reading to reflect on the learning processes of foreign languages, under the poststructuralist theories of the construction of identities, in order to fit the theoretical ground of Brazilian researches that embrace the teaching and learning of Brazilian Portuguese as second language or foreign language.
Análise do comportamento de filopatria e dispersão em felinos, com ênfase em Puma concolor com o uso de ferramentas moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Oliveira, Marina Elisa de
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3652140758600140
Among species of polygamous mammal it is expected that almost all males will disperse, acting as the main responsible for the connectivity between populations; on the other hand, females will show greater tendency to philopatry and will be responsible for the stability and local population growth. This behavioral asymmetry results in greater kinship among females than among males in the same area. However, anthropic interferences may alter species behavior and affect the persistence of populations. In order to understand better the occurrence and causes of sex-biased philopatry in felines, we first conducted a systematic literature review on the subject and subsequently a case study of Puma concolor through molecular tools. We found the pattern described for polygamous mammals for most of the species included in the review, except for three species of the genus Lynx. As expected, anthropogenic influences (hunting, habitat fragmentation, and the existence of barriers, mainly roads) can alter the patterns of philopatry and dispersal. The observed behavioral variation between populations and species seems to be due to the context in which the population is inserted (anthropic and natural variables) and the behavioral plasticity of each species. Populations were studied mainly with radiotelemetry and molecular tools, however we detected that few studies are comparable between species and even between populations of the same species. A more detailed description of the study areas could facilitate comparison between studies, at least in relation to the context the population is inserted. Regarding the species P. concolor, studies consistently point to greater male dispersal and female philopatry. Through the noninvasive sampling (feces) of individuals within conservation units, in a fragmented area and in a continuous area, as well as the sampling of roadkilled individuals, we were able to delineate patterns of intrasexual kinship in each sampling scheme. The highest mean values of kinship were observed between males and between females of the fragmented area, indicating greater female philopatry and probable frustrated male dispersal due to fragmentation and the existence of roads as barriers. More males than females were sampled as roadkills, corroborating greater male dispersal tendency and consequent mortality. This is the first evidence of frustrated dispersal in a Brazilian population, also demonstrating the potential of genetic analysis and non-invasive sampling for the study of population dynamics.
Terapia ocupacional e cultura: uma curadoria de tessituras entre práticas, políticas, diversidade e direitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Silvestrini, Marina Sanches
;
Silva, Carla Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0814604765887538
El enfrentamiento y los desafíos de la inclusión, derecho, ciudadanía y diversidad cultural se expresan como campo de lucha conceptual, académico, político y cultural inmersos en la sociedad contemporánea gobernada por la racionalidad neoliberal. Esta investigación comprende la cultura como un campo de saberes y prácticas propios, el derecho a la cultura como fundamental en respeto por la diversidad humana y ampliación de las potencias de las personas y para el desarrollo de las comunidades. Así como, considera la Terapia Ocupacional en la cultura como campo de saberes y haceres plural, innovador y que se propone al cuidado de sujetos y colectivos, en las diversas dimensiones de la existencia humana, para el fortalecimiento de la libertad cultural, universalidad de las oportunidades y enfrentamiento de los procesos de exclusión y desigualdades. De esa manera, la investigación ha producido una curaduría ética-estética y sensible con el objetivo general de analizar los procesos y prácticas de Terapeutas Ocupacionales en el campo de la cultura, a partir de la política nacional de los “Puntos de Cultura” del Programa Nacional de Cultura Viva. Se intentó discutir y trazar conexiones entre las dimensiones de la cultura, los preceptos de las políticas públicas culturales y la Terapia Ocupacional. Los procedimientos metodológicos fueron estructurados en realizar estado del arte, entrevistas semiestructuradas y narrativas confeccionadas por los participantes, desde cuatro escenarios de prácticas en el campo de la cultura. La investigación presenta conexiones entre conceptos claves de la Terapia Ocupacional y de la Cultura: actividad humana, cotidiana, ocupación, diversidad, prácticas en terapia ocupacional, compromiso ético político y defensa por los derechos. El campo de la cultura en composición con la Terapia Ocupacional se mostró como un camino vivo, pulsante y en construcción, en el cual las prácticas del trabajo fueron consideradas como comprometidas y críticas. Esta investigación intentó identificar e iluminar aspectos importantes de trayectorias y prácticas de la Terapia Ocupacional en la cultura, como por ejemplo las tesituras descubiertas y las relaciones explotadas entre la cultura y la diversidad, la cultura como derecho fundamental y como campo vasto se entrelaza con las actividades, acciones y ocupaciones de la existencia humana, por lo tanto, pasible de construcciones y producciones que valoran la potencia de la vida.
Rodas de conversa no projeto "Vivências em atividades diversificadas de lazer": sistematização de experiências e processos educativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Fábis, Lúcio de Castro
;
Gonçalves Junior, Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3038033302607831
This work is inserted in the research line of Social Practices and Educational Process, lined on the referential frame of Epistemologies of the South, especially towards praxis of leisure, humanization and the “dialogicity” by Paulo Freire. Has as its central objective, identify, describe and comprehend the educative process that arising from the conversation circles in the context of the extension project “Living In Diversified Leisure Activities” (VADL) with children and teenagers. Based on the Experiences Systematization, methodology designed within the Latin American popular education. Intend, in this sense, to contribute for a construction and reconstruction collective practical-theoretic of these conversation circles, apprehending the formative, educative and social value, and specifics of this experience, susceptible to replications in other spaces and contexts. In analysis by phenomenological inspiration, by registrations collectively constructed, mainly by field diaries, supported by voice/video recording, emerged the following thematic categories: A) “Somebody knows the colour of the skin of God?”: alterity and diversity, adding to educational process related to the development of alterity by the contact with the diversity, the exchange of experiences and backgrounds on/by the circles, contributing to “being getting” trough prejudices and expanding comprehensions and world readings; and B) “The beauty of the combinations is that do not personify ": participation and cooperation, in the face of educational processes related to “co-laboring” in the experiences, constructed collectively and continuously through planning, reflections and evaluations and self-evaluations of activities and attitudes, including in relation to the procedures of the present research, in order to develop the autonomy and the protagonism of subjects, as well as the incessant search for coherence. In the end, projections of continuities and communications to contribute with the systematized experience itself, with the construction and valorization of the knowledge of practice, as a source of scientific knowledge, and of the systematization itself, in relation to the praxis of liberation, that can be shared, reinterpreted and reconstructed with / by other experiences, spaces and subjects.
Repercussões cardiovasculares de um treinamento multicomponente em idosos pré-frágeis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Buto, Marcele Stephanie de Souza
;
Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7436622763487036
Frailty syndrome is described as a clinical state of vulnerability to stress resulting from the decline of resilience and physiological reserves related to aging. As Frailty progresses, homeostasis maintenance become affected, as well the interactions between the physiological systems and may impair the cardiovascular control by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Considering the multidimensionality feature of Frailty, complexity measures such as Sample entropy (SampEn) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) may be more adequate tools to measure these interactions in cardiovascular dynamics. For Frailty management, multicomponent interventions have been shown to be effective in physical functions, functional capacity and frailty status, mainly in intermediate stages (pre-frailty). Nonetheless, it is unclear if it would also have beneficial repercussions in cardiovascular control as well as restoring the HR complexity and BRS. Thus, this thesis is divided into two studies. The study I "Multicomponent exercise training does not improve cardiovascular control in prefrail older adults: a blinded randomized clinical study" aimed to verify if a multi-component training of 16 weeks would have effect in the cardiovascular control of prefrail older adults. The results showed that multicomponent training was not effective in improving cardiovascular control as well as in the performance of the 6-minute walk test of prefrail older adults. The study II “Multicomponent exercise training in cardiovascular complexity in prefrail older adults: a blinded randomized clinical study” aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multicomponent training in the HR complexity and BRS in prefrail older adults. The results indicated there was no improvement in the HR dynamics as complexity and baroreflex. However, individuals who did not perform the training presented a worsening (reduction) of HR complexity over time. Thus, it is suggested the maintenance of HR complexity in prefrail older adults who participated in the intervention.
A legislação da educação a distância no Brasil: uma análise discursiva materialista dos conceitos de aluno e professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08)
Perez, Alessandra Fracaroli
;
Brito, Luiz André Neves de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6863292359239733
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2208750852826832
In this work, we aim to investigate the meanings movement of the words teacher and student in Distance Learning (hereinafter DL) through the statements contained in the discursive materiality of the legislations of this teaching modality. Our research is based on a contextualization of DL in Brazil, divided into three moments, describing the movements of this teaching modality focusing on the moment that interests this research. It is based on the theoretical-analytical field of Discourse Analysis (hereafter DA) of the French matrix starting from the theorizations of the philosopher Michel Pêcheux and other authors who contribute to DA theoretical field, besides the movements of the theoretical field that delineated the DA as it realizes today in Brazil. The corpus is composed of a legal file that includes the Law of Directives and Bases - LDB 9.394 of December 20, 1996 - art. 80 (BRAZIL, 1996), when distance learning begins at all levels of education and the decrees that regulate this law are: 2,494 February 1998 (BRAZIL, 1998a); 5,622 of December 19, 2005 (BRAZIL, 2005); 9,057 of May 25, 2017 (BRAZIL, 2017b). The methodology defined is the thematic path, proposed by Guilhaumou and Maldidier (1997), which allows us to go beyond writing, reconstructing the paths that build the event in history for the analysis of the discursive materiality present in this work. Our methodological course is as follows: from the selected files that compose the corpus of this research, we will start with the analysis of the moment that DL appears in all levels of education, based on LDB 9394/96. Subsequently we focus the analysis around the words teacher and student where we will analyze the direction of the same movements undertaken in the discursive materiality of the statements of decrees 2494/98; 5622/05; 9057/17. It seeks to understand the meanings movements of these words by analyzing how these notions are inserted, modified and moved in a certain historical moment, materialized in the decrees. Our analysis made it possible to understand that the beginning of DL brings a new subject-position for graduation. From that moment, we analyze that in a first moment the teacher is silenced, replaced by the technology. Now, the student, considered by the decree as self-taught, has a slip of sense as to its role in the teaching-learning process. In a second moment, we find that the teacher and the student retrieve their role in mediating the educational process. In a third moment, the role of the teacher gains a plurality of actions for their function and the student plays a central role in the teaching-learning process. It is noteworthy that there were movements of meaning regarding the role of the teacher and the student in this modality of teaching, however, today we can analyze that they return to their place of speech in this modality, thus safeguarding their actions in the teaching-learning process.