Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2019-02-08"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

Investigação do tratamento com N-acetilcisteína nos comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade durante a síndrome de abstinência do etanol e na resposta cardiovascular induzida pelo estresse em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Casula, Lígia Cury; Crestani, Carlos Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568; Marin, Marcelo Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7920438802539727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9939662858847433
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for decades, has been shown to have beneficial effects for the treatment of some diseases. Recently, based on central glutamatergic neurotransmission, psychiatric disorders and the stress response have been explored.Ethanol addiction and cardiovascular and autonomic changes in the exposure of stress are considered public health problems and responsible for a large number of deaths in the world.Both problems are related to dysfunctions in central glutamatergic neurotransmission. Thus, our first objective was to investigate whether NAC was able to reverse one of the negative emotional states of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome, anxiety. For this, Wistar rats were induced to anxiety-related behaviors in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) after withdrawing the treatment of ethanol offered in their drinking fountains and intraperitoneal injections of ethanol (2 g / kg) for 11 days. During ethanol exposure, the animals also received 10-day intraperitoneal injections of NAC at doses of 30; 60 and 120 mg / kg and on day 11, on the day of the EPM test, the animals did not draw NAC or only received a single injection of NAC 2 hours before the EPM test. Ethanol concentrations in blood were also checked to analyze ethanol pharmacokinetic changes and the best time to investigate withdrawal symptoms. The second objective of the study investigated the effects of NAC on the possible reversal of cardiovascular parameters altered by exposure of the stress of repeated or acute restriction. The results showed that NAC was not able to revert anxiety-related behaviors after treatment withdrawal with ethanol. The NAC also did not reverse the cardiovascular changes induced by restriction stress such as blood pressure, heart rate and tail temperature. However, in the response of the baroreflexs, the NAC presented a potential effect in altering the their sensitivity. Acutely 2 hours before analysis of baroreflex functions, NAC reduced tachycardia. After 24 hours of its acute administration and after its chronic administration, NAC presented bradyadic increase and reduction of intrinsic heart rate in normotensive animals. When associated with stress exposure reduced sympathetic tone, increased intrinsic heart rate and reduced bradycardic function. Therefore, its use requires caution, due to changes in the cardiac requencia and changes in baroreflex sensitivity.
Estratégias de enfrentamento no processo de aconselhamento genético em situações de deficiência intelectual grave ou profunda: um estudo clínico-qualitativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Carvalho, Ellen Zapparoli Nunes de; Melo, Débora Gusmão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2587800992546559; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8410205577252633
Introduction: Coping strategies are techniques used by individuals to adapt to challenging situations and are traditionally classified as problem-focused, emotion-focused, interpersonal coping strategies, or based on spirituality/religiosity. Parents who have children with intellectual disability (ID) experience ambiguous feelings and the coping strategies used by them will indicate the meaning of their experiences. The characterization and understanding of these coping strategies can be useful in clinical interventions and in the planning of public health policies. Aims: This research investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of patients with severe or profound ID during the genetic counseling process. Methodology: This is a clinical-qualitative study carry out with 15 mothers of patients with severe or profound ID, selected by convenience. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The reports were recorded, transcribed and investigated by the thematic content analysis technique. The results were examined through a comprehensive and interpretative approach. Results: There was a predominance of problem-focused and interpersonal coping strategies that were combined with emotion-focused and spiritual/religious coping strategies. Mothers’ adaptation varied with the stressful events to which they were exposed to and depended on the different degrees of individual tolerance to adverse situations. The higher frequency of problem-focused and interpersonal coping strategies suggested that mothers assessed the situation as likely to be modified and sought institutional and social support to facilitate adaptation to the child's needs and consequently improved their way of life. In general, the religious/spiritual coping strategies were associated with positive outcomes, facilitating the adjustment to the situation. Conclusions: It is necessary to improve external adverse situations by providing adequate support services, especially health services and specific support to the disabled to promote the development of positive coping strategies. Providing orientation on ID and building a comprehensive network of community services and supports are other important factors in coping.
Análise do comportamento de filopatria e dispersão em felinos, com ênfase em Puma concolor com o uso de ferramentas moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Oliveira, Marina Elisa de; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3652140758600140
Among species of polygamous mammal it is expected that almost all males will disperse, acting as the main responsible for the connectivity between populations; on the other hand, females will show greater tendency to philopatry and will be responsible for the stability and local population growth. This behavioral asymmetry results in greater kinship among females than among males in the same area. However, anthropic interferences may alter species behavior and affect the persistence of populations. In order to understand better the occurrence and causes of sex-biased philopatry in felines, we first conducted a systematic literature review on the subject and subsequently a case study of Puma concolor through molecular tools. We found the pattern described for polygamous mammals for most of the species included in the review, except for three species of the genus Lynx. As expected, anthropogenic influences (hunting, habitat fragmentation, and the existence of barriers, mainly roads) can alter the patterns of philopatry and dispersal. The observed behavioral variation between populations and species seems to be due to the context in which the population is inserted (anthropic and natural variables) and the behavioral plasticity of each species. Populations were studied mainly with radiotelemetry and molecular tools, however we detected that few studies are comparable between species and even between populations of the same species. A more detailed description of the study areas could facilitate comparison between studies, at least in relation to the context the population is inserted. Regarding the species P. concolor, studies consistently point to greater male dispersal and female philopatry. Through the noninvasive sampling (feces) of individuals within conservation units, in a fragmented area and in a continuous area, as well as the sampling of roadkilled individuals, we were able to delineate patterns of intrasexual kinship in each sampling scheme. The highest mean values of kinship were observed between males and between females of the fragmented area, indicating greater female philopatry and probable frustrated male dispersal due to fragmentation and the existence of roads as barriers. More males than females were sampled as roadkills, corroborating greater male dispersal tendency and consequent mortality. This is the first evidence of frustrated dispersal in a Brazilian population, also demonstrating the potential of genetic analysis and non-invasive sampling for the study of population dynamics.
Repercussões cardiovasculares de um treinamento multicomponente em idosos pré-frágeis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Buto, Marcele Stephanie de Souza; Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7436622763487036
Frailty syndrome is described as a clinical state of vulnerability to stress resulting from the decline of resilience and physiological reserves related to aging. As Frailty progresses, homeostasis maintenance become affected, as well the interactions between the physiological systems and may impair the cardiovascular control by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Considering the multidimensionality feature of Frailty, complexity measures such as Sample entropy (SampEn) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) may be more adequate tools to measure these interactions in cardiovascular dynamics. For Frailty management, multicomponent interventions have been shown to be effective in physical functions, functional capacity and frailty status, mainly in intermediate stages (pre-frailty). Nonetheless, it is unclear if it would also have beneficial repercussions in cardiovascular control as well as restoring the HR complexity and BRS. Thus, this thesis is divided into two studies. The study I "Multicomponent exercise training does not improve cardiovascular control in prefrail older adults: a blinded randomized clinical study" aimed to verify if a multi-component training of 16 weeks would have effect in the cardiovascular control of prefrail older adults. The results showed that multicomponent training was not effective in improving cardiovascular control as well as in the performance of the 6-minute walk test of prefrail older adults. The study II “Multicomponent exercise training in cardiovascular complexity in prefrail older adults: a blinded randomized clinical study” aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multicomponent training in the HR complexity and BRS in prefrail older adults. The results indicated there was no improvement in the HR dynamics as complexity and baroreflex. However, individuals who did not perform the training presented a worsening (reduction) of HR complexity over time. Thus, it is suggested the maintenance of HR complexity in prefrail older adults who participated in the intervention.
Rodas de conversa no projeto "Vivências em atividades diversificadas de lazer": sistematização de experiências e processos educativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Fábis, Lúcio de Castro; Gonçalves Junior, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3038033302607831
This work is inserted in the research line of Social Practices and Educational Process, lined on the referential frame of Epistemologies of the South, especially towards praxis of leisure, humanization and the “dialogicity” by Paulo Freire. Has as its central objective, identify, describe and comprehend the educative process that arising from the conversation circles in the context of the extension project “Living In Diversified Leisure Activities” (VADL) with children and teenagers. Based on the Experiences Systematization, methodology designed within the Latin American popular education. Intend, in this sense, to contribute for a construction and reconstruction collective practical-theoretic of these conversation circles, apprehending the formative, educative and social value, and specifics of this experience, susceptible to replications in other spaces and contexts. In analysis by phenomenological inspiration, by registrations collectively constructed, mainly by field diaries, supported by voice/video recording, emerged the following thematic categories: A) “Somebody knows the colour of the skin of God?”: alterity and diversity, adding to educational process related to the development of alterity by the contact with the diversity, the exchange of experiences and backgrounds on/by the circles, contributing to “being getting” trough prejudices and expanding comprehensions and world readings; and B) “The beauty of the combinations is that do not personify ": participation and cooperation, in the face of educational processes related to “co-laboring” in the experiences, constructed collectively and continuously through planning, reflections and evaluations and self-evaluations of activities and attitudes, including in relation to the procedures of the present research, in order to develop the autonomy and the protagonism of subjects, as well as the incessant search for coherence. In the end, projections of continuities and communications to contribute with the systematized experience itself, with the construction and valorization of the knowledge of practice, as a source of scientific knowledge, and of the systematization itself, in relation to the praxis of liberation, that can be shared, reinterpreted and reconstructed with / by other experiences, spaces and subjects.
Terapia ocupacional e cultura: uma curadoria de tessituras entre práticas, políticas, diversidade e direitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Silvestrini, Marina Sanches; Silva, Carla Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0814604765887538
El enfrentamiento y los desafíos de la inclusión, derecho, ciudadanía y diversidad cultural se expresan como campo de lucha conceptual, académico, político y cultural inmersos en la sociedad contemporánea gobernada por la racionalidad neoliberal. Esta investigación comprende la cultura como un campo de saberes y prácticas propios, el derecho a la cultura como fundamental en respeto por la diversidad humana y ampliación de las potencias de las personas y para el desarrollo de las comunidades. Así como, considera la Terapia Ocupacional en la cultura como campo de saberes y haceres plural, innovador y que se propone al cuidado de sujetos y colectivos, en las diversas dimensiones de la existencia humana, para el fortalecimiento de la libertad cultural, universalidad de las oportunidades y enfrentamiento de los procesos de exclusión y desigualdades. De esa manera, la investigación ha producido una curaduría ética-estética y sensible con el objetivo general de analizar los procesos y prácticas de Terapeutas Ocupacionales en el campo de la cultura, a partir de la política nacional de los “Puntos de Cultura” del Programa Nacional de Cultura Viva. Se intentó discutir y trazar conexiones entre las dimensiones de la cultura, los preceptos de las políticas públicas culturales y la Terapia Ocupacional. Los procedimientos metodológicos fueron estructurados en realizar estado del arte, entrevistas semiestructuradas y narrativas confeccionadas por los participantes, desde cuatro escenarios de prácticas en el campo de la cultura. La investigación presenta conexiones entre conceptos claves de la Terapia Ocupacional y de la Cultura: actividad humana, cotidiana, ocupación, diversidad, prácticas en terapia ocupacional, compromiso ético político y defensa por los derechos. El campo de la cultura en composición con la Terapia Ocupacional se mostró como un camino vivo, pulsante y en construcción, en el cual las prácticas del trabajo fueron consideradas como comprometidas y críticas. Esta investigación intentó identificar e iluminar aspectos importantes de trayectorias y prácticas de la Terapia Ocupacional en la cultura, como por ejemplo las tesituras descubiertas y las relaciones explotadas entre la cultura y la diversidad, la cultura como derecho fundamental y como campo vasto se entrelaza con las actividades, acciones y ocupaciones de la existencia humana, por lo tanto, pasible de construcciones y producciones que valoran la potencia de la vida.
“Aqui não é um paraíso, mas é muito bom”: imersão e identidade de jovens africanos francófonos aprendizes de português no Distrito Federal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Cañas Chávez, Fidel Armando; Barbosa, Lúcia Maria de Assunção; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5030878430187815; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406833402007752
Language, identity and learner were not always closely related concepts. During the years of the tradition of the structuralism, in the second half of the twentieth century, there was a separation of these concepts, making them independent, systematizable and stable. This thesis aimed to follow the theoretical flow of poststructuralist thinking in the indissoluble relationship between identity, language, learning and individuals who learn and put themselves in active process. I focused epistemologically on the field of Applied Linguistics, as a phenomenological area that gave fundamental support to the present thesis, which aimed to understand the process of identity construction of learners of Portuguese as a foreign language of a group of 23 young Francophone Africans who came to Brazil in the year 2017 to take an immersion course within the framework of the Programa de Estudante Convênio de Graduação (conventionally called as pre-PEC-G). Methodologically, the research was characterized as a case study, and the elements of data collection were the recordings of the interviews of three simulated Portuguese Proficiency Certificate for Foreigners (Celpe-Bras) conducted throughout the school year, and dense participant observation as well. The analysis was made through the stories or narratives that the youngsters verbalized about their experience in Brazil. The objective of the research was to understand how young people subjectively position themselves to narrate their processes of identity construction as learners of Portuguese in Brazil. This construction process was analyzed as a place of struggle engaged in diverse communities of practice with acts of resistance and non-participation that generated ambivalences and contradictions in the apprentices and I observed a construction of identity that was also influenced by the imagined communities that the young people previously owned and raised in Brazil. Finally, it was analyzed how the social imaginary had repercussions in the identification of the young apprentices in immersion condition in Brazil. The research also aimed to contribute as a reading to reflect on the learning processes of foreign languages, under the poststructuralist theories of the construction of identities, in order to fit the theoretical ground of Brazilian researches that embrace the teaching and learning of Brazilian Portuguese as second language or foreign language.
A legislação da educação a distância no Brasil: uma análise discursiva materialista dos conceitos de aluno e professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Perez, Alessandra Fracaroli; Brito, Luiz André Neves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6863292359239733; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2208750852826832
In this work, we aim to investigate the meanings movement of the words teacher and student in Distance Learning (hereinafter DL) through the statements contained in the discursive materiality of the legislations of this teaching modality. Our research is based on a contextualization of DL in Brazil, divided into three moments, describing the movements of this teaching modality focusing on the moment that interests this research. It is based on the theoretical-analytical field of Discourse Analysis (hereafter DA) of the French matrix starting from the theorizations of the philosopher Michel Pêcheux and other authors who contribute to DA theoretical field, besides the movements of the theoretical field that delineated the DA as it realizes today in Brazil. The corpus is composed of a legal file that includes the Law of Directives and Bases - LDB 9.394 of December 20, 1996 - art. 80 (BRAZIL, 1996), when distance learning begins at all levels of education and the decrees that regulate this law are: 2,494 February 1998 (BRAZIL, 1998a); 5,622 of December 19, 2005 (BRAZIL, 2005); 9,057 of May 25, 2017 (BRAZIL, 2017b). The methodology defined is the thematic path, proposed by Guilhaumou and Maldidier (1997), which allows us to go beyond writing, reconstructing the paths that build the event in history for the analysis of the discursive materiality present in this work. Our methodological course is as follows: from the selected files that compose the corpus of this research, we will start with the analysis of the moment that DL appears in all levels of education, based on LDB 9394/96. Subsequently we focus the analysis around the words teacher and student where we will analyze the direction of the same movements undertaken in the discursive materiality of the statements of decrees 2494/98; 5622/05; 9057/17. It seeks to understand the meanings movements of these words by analyzing how these notions are inserted, modified and moved in a certain historical moment, materialized in the decrees. Our analysis made it possible to understand that the beginning of DL brings a new subject-position for graduation. From that moment, we analyze that in a first moment the teacher is silenced, replaced by the technology. Now, the student, considered by the decree as self-taught, has a slip of sense as to its role in the teaching-learning process. In a second moment, we find that the teacher and the student retrieve their role in mediating the educational process. In a third moment, the role of the teacher gains a plurality of actions for their function and the student plays a central role in the teaching-learning process. It is noteworthy that there were movements of meaning regarding the role of the teacher and the student in this modality of teaching, however, today we can analyze that they return to their place of speech in this modality, thus safeguarding their actions in the teaching-learning process.
Combinação de reações organocatalíticas e multicomponentes para a síntese de sistemas heterocíclicos e moleculas híbridas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-08) Pérez, Radell Echemendía; García Rivera, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2938011588420423; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7683916091296702
Small enantiomerically pure or enriched organic molecules are key starting materials in organic synthesis. Chiral building blocks are in high demand in the overall synthesis of complex natural products and in the discovery and development of drugs as well as in the production of advanced pesticides, fragrances and materials. In this sense, organocatalytic methodologies have emerged as a third pillar of asymmetric catalysis and have a prominent position in the development of more sustainable methods. Similarly, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) present themselves as a powerful tool for the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds and analogues of natural products. Chiral aldehydes are key components in stereocontrolled MCRs, methods for the asymmetric functionalization of carbonyl compounds are relevant for the development of novel multicomponent stereoselective approaches. In recent years, our group and the Banfi group have been exploring the potential of organocatalysis to generate compounds enantiomerically enriched with the synthetic power of MCRs in the diversification of these chiral compounds. In this work we describe a highly stereoselective methodology for the synthesis of natural product hybrids from an organocatalytic tandem procedure, followed by a multicomponent reaction. Effectively, the procedure comprises an organocatalysed conjugate addition of active methylene compounds (1,3-dicarbonyls and α ester or cyanoketones) to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to form asymmetric hemiacetals containing orthogonal functional groups. Next, an isocyanate based intramolecular multicomponent reaction is implemented. Through the use of this approach it was possible to synthesize hybrids of natural products, including up to four different molecular fragments, such as hydroquinoline, tetrahydropyridine, peptides, lipid and glycoside units