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Formação do fisioterapeuta como profissional crítico e reflexivo na perspectiva dos docentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Doltrário, Sandra Maria Beltrami; Padilha, Roberto de Queiroz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2262980850254605; Sampaio, Sueli Fatima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2997694916134242
Study with a qualitative research approach, exploratory type with the objective of understanding how the teachers who work in the graduation courses of Physical Therapy understand the critical and reflexive formation of the future professional. The study participants consisted of forty-four teachers from public teaching institutions, covering the southeastern region of Brazil. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, with open questions, and analyzed by the Bardin content analysis proposal, resulting in the following categories: professional profile; educational processes and transformations; potentialities and challenges for training. The research participants associated critical and reflexive thinking with the proposals of the National Curricular Guidelines for Physiotherapy and based on these, to the transformations in the courses to reach the profile of the professional expected according to the Unique Health System. They demonstrated an understanding of the process of changes in education which are expected for this training and understand the development of critical and reflective thinking as guiding. It was found that the participants understood the needs of changes in curriculum matrices and in the methodologies for the teaching and learning process. It was considered that although there is an understanding of the importance of critical and reflexive thinking in this formation, that the teaching of Physiotherapy still carries a connotative connotation, centered on the teacher, technicist and reductionist, aimed at acting mainly in rehabilitation. The insertion of the physiotherapist in primary care was considered of great importance to bring about concrete changes in the formation of this professional.
Práticas de letramento de professores de matemática em formação na licenciatura em educação do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Fernandes, Fernando Luís Pereira; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9023529421846126
This research has as its goal the comprehension of the literacy practices engaged and problematized by Rural Education undergraduates. To answer the guiding question: Which literacy practices of the future teacher can be highlighter in a Rural Education Undergraduate Course?, we based ourselves in references for Rural Education, Literacy and Numeracy Studies and Teachers’ Education for Social Justice. The methodology of the research is of qualitative nature, and the structuring of the data happened in two steps. The first of them in a discipline about Functions, taught by the researcher, who is also a professor in the Rural Education Undergraduate Course (LECampo) of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro and had the participation of 45 undergraduates, as subjects of the investigation. In this step, the tools used were: questionnaire of socio-economical nature, applied to all the undergraduates, and video recordings of the classes. The second step of the data production happened with the involvement of twelve of the undergraduates, subjects of the survey, who chose Mathematics, with the data being obtained through semi structured interviews. Thus, it was constituted as material to be analyzed in investigation: questionnaire results, students’ written productions, transcription of parts of the classes and interviews. After the data organization, we constructed two analysis axes: (i) Technical Tendency of Mathematics Teaching and its Variations as Representation of Autonomous Literacy Model and (ii) Formative actions at LECampo as driving forces behind literacy practices of future teachers. The data showed us that, despite the basic schooling of the undergraduates being based on a technical and procedural dimension, and thus, having produced literacy practices common to the autonomous model, different formative actions in LECampo’s degree made it possible for the teachers the mobilization and problematization of literacy practices,– the formulation of problems and financial of familiar farming. In particular, the undergraduates in Mathematics have exposed during the interviews their ways of seeing and conceiving the teaching of Mathematics, with emphasis for the Empirical-Activist and Socioethnocultural teaching tendencies. The identified characteristics of those tendencies can contribute to the comprehension of literacy events and practices valued by the undergraduates. The results point at the many literacy practices highlighted in the Rural Education Initial Teacher Education and for the necessity of depth and continuity of those studies.
Avaliação das respostas cardiovasculares, respiratórias e metabólicas ao treinamento muscular inspiratório utilizando a pressão inspiratória crítica em ciclistas recreacionais: estudo clínico randomizado, controlado e duplo cego
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Santos, Patrícia Rehder dos; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0359139542962460
Introduction: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has brought great benefits for improving physical performance in healthy and active individuals. However, there is no consensus regarding the better training load for this population. Objective: To evaluate the effect of critical inspiratory pressure (PThC) on physical performance and cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses in recreational cyclists. Methods: Thirty-one men recreational cyclists (20-40 years old) were randomized to Sham Group (6cmH2O)(SG, n = 10), PThC Group (CPG, n = 10) and Group 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (60G, n = 10), taking into account age group and aerobic functional capacity. All participants were submitted to the following evaluations: pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle strength test (RMS), cardiopulmonary test (CPET), incremental inspiratory muscle endurance test (IMEi) [maximal sustained respiratory pressure for 1 minute (PThMAX)], using a linear load inspiratory resistor (PowerBreathe K5). During the evaluations, ECG (BioAmp FE132), peripheral pulse pressure, beat-to-beat (Finometer Pro) and thoracic movements were recorded using a chest strap (Marazza) and ventilatory and metabolic responses, using a system of expired gas measurements (ULTIMA MedGraphics/VMAX Encore 29). IMT lasted 11 weeks (3 times/week and 55 minutes/session). The data were analyzed by specific statistical tests (parametric or non-parametric) according to the data distribution and their respective variances. It will be established p <0.05. Results: The PThC was able to increase the peak power, evaluated in the CPET and inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. On the other hand, 60% of MIP increased peak power and peak oxygen consumption (VO2PEAK), assessed by CPET and IMS. All loads were able to increase MIP and PThMÁX, but none were able to change participants' breathing patterns or function pulmonary, after training. Conclusion: The IMT performed with PThC seems to be better for strength gain and inspiratory muscle endurance and the load of 60% of MIP better for increasing VO2PEAK. However, both loads (PThC and 60% of MIP) lead to improved performance of recreational cyclists.
Investigação da diversificação e evolução cromossômica em espécies de Pimelodidae (Siluriformes): contribuição dos DNAs repetitivos e cromossomos B
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Malimpensa, Geovana de Cassia; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9824170107078686; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5009983927908825
Pimelodidae comprises 114 valid species, whith few of them are cytogenetically characterized, mainly, especially with respect to molecular cytogenetics. In addition, the species taxonomic delimitation is still very imprecise and problematic due to the absence of diagnoses based on phylogenetic relationships. In this context, cytogenetic analyzes (classical and molecular) and molecular (DNA barcoding, GMYC and bPTP) were carried out in four species of Pimelodidae: Bergiaria westermanni, Pimelodus fur and Pimelodus pohli from the São Francisco River basin, and Pimelodus microstoma from the Upper Paraná River basin, aiming to provide evolutionary and taxonomic subsidies for them. B. westermanni, P. microstoma and P. pohli species showed conservation concerning the diploid number (2n), heterochromatin distribution pattern, Ag-NORs/rDNA 45S sites localization, histone gene clustering, syntenia between U2 snRNA/rDNA 5S, and distribution pattern of thirteen different microsatellites. However, differentiations were found for some other cytogenetic features, such as the 2n in P. fur, the karyotype formula, number and location of 5S rDNA sites and the location of H3/H4 histones in P. microstoma, the presence of NOR bearing B chromosomes in B. westermanni, the ITS occurrence in P. pohli, the syntenia between U2 snRNA, 5S rDNA and histones in B. westermanni, and the presence of a conspicuous microsatellite (GATA)n block in P. microstoma. Such features evidence the karyotype diversification that occurred among these species along their evolutionary process and support their taxonomic delimitation. CGH data showed the sharing of B. westermanni gDNA with the gDNAs of other species, in few chromosomal regions, thus reinforcing their genetic diversification. Analysis on B. westermanni nuclei with Ag-NOR staining and FISH with 18S rDNA probe revealed the presence of zero up to five Ag-NORs and four sites of 18S rDNA sites, indicating that the Ag-NORs in the B chromosomes of this species are active regions. 18S rDNA and (GATA)n sites were identified on A and B chromosomes of B. westermanni, suggesting the probable intraspecific origin of supernumerary chromosome. This hypothesis is also supported by CGH, which has evidenced the predominance of B. westermanni genomic content in this chromosome. The molecular analyzes also supported the occurrence of four distinct species, reinforcing the taxonomic and cytogenetic data. Thus, this study present new molecular and cytogenetic data for Pimelodidae species and contributes to a better understanding of their chromosomal and molecular diversity.
Efeitos da adubação no rendimento industrial do sorgo sacarino cultivado em solo de fertilidade construída
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Scavazza, Ana Lúcia; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0125397145088528
The sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), a poaceae originating in Eastern Central of Africa, has great potential for the production of bioenergy. In Brazil, due to the importance of sugarcane as a source of renewable energy, research on the agricultural and industrial processes of sorghum is still incipient. The objective of this dissertation was to test the hypothesis that the practice of fertilization in soil with improved fertility built influences the growth and maturation of sweet sorghum, in order to that what of promoting variations in the optimum point of harvest. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in a randomized complete block design with five blocks. The treatments were composed of four doses of fertilization, 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 of the recommended dose-RD (110-80-120 kg ha-1) of NPK for the cultivation of hybrid sweet sorghum Malibu 5010 under the conditions of the state of São Paulo, and for four harvest seasons: 90,105,120 and 135 days after the emergency (DAE). Biometric parameters were determined [height (m), diameter of the stem (mm), number of internodes (nodes plant-1), production of stems (t ha-1), biomass (t ha-1), dry biomass (t ha-1), dry mass of panicle (g m-1)], technological [brix of broth (%), Pol of broth (%), fiber (%), purity (%), RS (%), RTS (kg t-1)], productivity [yield of stalks (PC, t ha-1)], besides the accumulation of NPK for the calculation of indices of nutritional efficiency .Data were collected on the soil fertility of sugarcane reform areas to determine the fertility level and to propose the viability of sorghum cultivation with reduced doses of macronutrients. The increase of fertilization in built fertility soil did not promote changes in the parameters of growth and yield of sorghum in order to change the optimum harvest point. The isolated effects of the factors showed that the yield of stalks, one of the most important indicators for ethanol production, presented a higher average with application of 1.5RD (165-120-180 kg of NPK ha-1). Harvesting times did not differ. However, the economic evaluation revealed the impracticability of the fertilization practice, due to the high productivity obtained in 0RD. Due to the high incidence of Ergot disease, the content of sucrose (Pol), RTS, SR and the other technological variables were affected. However, there was an indication that the fertilization influenced the maturation in order to promote changes at the optimum harvest point, highlighting the 1,0RD as the best NPK contribution, and the cutting season at 120DAE as the best indicated for the tested cultivar. Due to the high dry matter production, Malibu 5010 sorghum hybrid accumulated NPK in the order of N
Práticas translíngues na comunicação de aprendizes de português como língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Milozo, Giovana Nicolini; Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2261950800585333
This research aims at analyzing and describing communicative practices of four Hispanic learners and one Italian learner, in a Portuguese course offered by a public university in the state of São Paulo, under the Translanguaging perspective. According to Bakhtin (GARCÍA and WEI, 2014), language arises from speaker’s actions, which are endowed with perspectives and ideological position, with impossible neutrality. We intended to understand linguistic performance of those learners beyond linguistic forms and structures. The research questions arose from issues about teaching and learning Portuguese as foreign language, considering “Portuñol” as a stigma, with characteristics of Portuguese and Spanish languages. Translanguaging perspective was chosen by observing that linguistic repertoire of bilingual or multilingual speaker is dynamic and undone. In addition, individual’s linguistic choices are based on adaptive needs to monolingual contexts (GARCÍA et al., 2017). In that perspective, language is understood as a social and cultural practice discursively oriented, with codes and multissemiotic resources and symbolic systems. Those all elements are used by individuals to construct a reality as they are able to conceive (ROCHA e MACIEL, 2015). Described as qualitative interpretative, this research presents characteristics of ethnographic research. Moreover, its methodology consists of data generation and collection in classroom context, and an activity was proposed in order to generate data. The objective of that activity was promoting opportunities to learners to use Portuguese language and to have cultural exchanges. The learners made presentations which aimed to present characteristics of Brazil and of their country. Those presentations were recorded in audio. Subsequently, we proposed individual meetings so that students were able to listen to and reflect on their oral productions. Those meetings were recorded as well. The results were categorized in linguistic and cultural perceptions of him/herself. The linguistic perception reveals a structural perspective about language and student’s conceptions about “error”. The second one reveals student’s perceptions about themselves, including social representations, affective issues and spontaneity in speaking, as well as individual characteristics. All those elements influence, in a particular way, the performance of each student, framing their linguistic repertoire and revealing that his/her biography trajectory is fundamental for the process of speaking foreign languages. We conclude that changing perspectives is important for the area of teaching and learning foreign languages, having the learner as the focus of learning instead of language forms and structures exclusively. In other words, we must prioritize the individual performance, whose linguistic repertoire can be the basis for learning several “named languages”.
Efeitos do treino de tronco e alcance em lactentes pré-termo: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Zambello, Vanessa; Campos, Ana Carolina de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292093208120940; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5851188162183029
Objective: To investigate the effects of a trunk and reaching training on the level of trunk control, on proximal and distal adjustments, and gross motor skills of moderate to late preterm infants at reaching onset. Methods: This is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. The participants were 16 moderate to late preterm infants (gestational age at birth 35.29 ± 1.09 weeks) who were allocated into two groups: experimental (trunk and reaching training) (17.29 ± 0.43 weeks of corrected age) or control (social training) (16.60 ± 1.53 weeks of corrected age). All infants were tested three times: 1) pre-test, performed 3 to 5 days after reaching onset and immediately before training; 2) post-test, performed immediately after 12 days of training; and 3) retention, performed seven days after post-test. The experimental protocol had a total duration of 19 days, and the exercises were performed during 12 consecutive days. All infants were evaluated by the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) to identify the level of trunk control, assessment of proximal and distal reaching settings and by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to measure gross motor function. During the trunk and reaching training protocol, six sessions were administered by a physical therapist and six were performed by the parents/guardians. The trunk and reaching training was composed of activities performed in reclined, supine, prone, sitting and standing postures over stable and unstable surfaces, with visual, tactile and auditory stimuli from several toys, and under random practice condition. The social training protocol was applied by parents / guardians who were trained to carry out the guidelines contained in a booklet. Infants in this group were positioned in the same postures as the experimental group, and received verbal and visual stimulation. The level of trunk control, frequency of reaches, proximal and distal adjustments, and AIMS scores were the primary outcomes. Grasping was the secondary outcome. Results: There were no differences between groups in any of the variables. There was an increase in open-hand reaches in the Time factor for the experimental group and control group in the post-test and in the retention when compared to the pre-test (p < 0.01), and in the retention when compared to the post-test (p < 0.01). It was observed in the control group, increase of reaches with the vertical hand in the Time factor in the retention when compared to the pre-test (p = 0.02). There was an increase of reaches with grasping in the Time factor in the experimental group in the retention when compared to the pre-test (p < 0.01) and in the control group in the post-test and retention when compared to the pre-test (p < 0.01). In the experimental group and control group there was increase in AIMS scores in the post-test and in the retention when compared to the pre-test (p < 0.01), and in the retention when compared to the post-test (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that trunk and reaching training was not superior to social training. Effects on the level of trunk control, reaching behavior and gross motor function seem to require stimulation for longer periods of time.
Caracterização de painéis de partículas de madeira tratada com CCB confeccionados com resina poliuretana mista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Shirosaki, Rodrigo Kiyoshi; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1293633844814011
The particleboard is an engineered product of the wood, made from the gluing of small, deconstructed pieces from the wood processing using a bonding resin. Because it is a material subject to attack by xylophagous organisms, the wood treatment with preservative is essential to ensure its durability. The CCB (chromium, copper and boron salts) is a more interesting alternative to CCA (chromium, copper and arsenic salts) due to its efficiency in combating degradation and, especially, lower toxicity. The mixed polyurethane resin based on vegetable oils is also a choice over traditional urea-based resin, whose major problem is the emission of formaldehyde during pressing. The wood of the genus Pinus has low density and accepts well the preservative treatment due to the greater porosity when compared with hard wood. It is also the second most planted genus in Brazil, only behind Eucalyptus. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the technical feasibility of particle board production using Pinus wood treated with CCB and polyurethane resin based on vegetable oils. For this, three different resin concentrations (10%, 12% and 15%) were used in combination with the presence or absence of the preservative, obtaining 6 types of treatment. The results met the normative requirements of Brazilian documents ABNT NBR 14810 (2013) and European EN 312 (2003), in addition to reaching values close to and even higher than similar surveys. Therefore the technical feasibility of making panels with said materials used and the quality of the product according to its excellent performance were verified.
Estudo do efeito dos parâmetros de síntese da Sn-MCM-41 e Sn-SBA-15 em suas propriedades estruturais, texturais e catalíticas na isomerização da glicose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Scolari, Eduardo; Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1209001063337177
The 5-hydroximethilfurfural (5-HMF) is a platform molecule that has great potential to originate a wide range of compounds with potential interest in biorefinery, as well as compounds currently produced exclusively from non-renewable carbon sources. The 5-HMF can be obtained via dehydration of hexoses, but with low selectivity (< 30%). On the other hand, fructose, a glucose isomer, can be dehydrated to 5-HMF with high selectivity (> 70%). Recently it has been discovered that using a combination of Lewis acids and Brønsted acids, in the right proportion, allows the direct conversion of glucose into 5-HMF with selectivities higher than 60%. In this process, the Lewis acid isomerizes the glucose to fructose, which is subsequently dehydrated by the Brønsted acid. While several brønsted acid catalysts are known to be efficient in the dehydration of fructose, Sn-Beta zeolite appears almost exclusively as a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for glucose isomerization. However, Sn-Beta has a long, complicated synthesis with questionable reproducibility. Thus, in this study, we proposed the use of mesoporous amorphous stannosilicates as catalysts of glucose isomerization. The effects of the synthesis parameters of mesoporous stannosilicates Sn-MCM-41 and Sn-SBA-15 were evaluated, in the face of its textural, structural and catalytic properties in the isomerization of glucose. The characteristic structures were obtained for all silicates, although the use of an organic base and higher concentrations of acid decreased the ordering respectively for samples MCM-41 and SBA-15. It was observed the presence of tetrahedral tin, indicating insertion in the framework, besides penta and hexacoordinated tin species. The isotherms obtained are as expected for these materials. Changes in pH and Si:Sn ratio didn’t present great effects on the MCM-41 cell parameters and wall thickness, although thermal treatment reduced the last. Variations in synthesis parameters have more visible effects for SBA-15 silicates. The materials in general showed values of selectivity for fructose above 75%, which can be considered very good. It is worth mentioning MCM-41 synthesized with TMAOH showed these values even with larger conversions. The most promising materials (TMAOH 12.9-3% Sn-25 ° C; NH4OH 12.9-3%-50 ° C and SBA15-0.07-3%) were studied more deeply in relation to their catalytic properties. The kinetic tests and indicated that in general the reaction goes into equilibrium at 110 minutes. Only exchange of the organic solvent GVL and THF (polar aprotic) to methanol (polar protic) resulted in significant changes in the behavior of the rates of glucose conversion and selectivity, being GVL the most interesting solvent.
Consequências do uso de madeira tratada com CCA e de painéis de MDF como combustível em processos de combustão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Tomeleri, João Otávio Poletto; Pitombo, Leonardo Machado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9975423140836779; Pádua, Franciane Andrade de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0231286098239128
From its use for domestic purposes like firewood to the application in large industrial processing plants for power generation, wood is a long-established fuel. Although its application has evolved towards the establishment of new technologies in conversion systems and the development of energy forests, the current context of the need to reuse urban and industrial waste has introduced a new challenge, that of associating the energy utilization of these materials with the volume reduction for landfills. Aiming to evaluate the combustion behavior of six types of lignocellulosic materials, the untreated wood of pine and eucalyptus, pinus and eucalyptus treated with CCA and MDF panels with and without melamine coating were sampled. The treatments underwent elemental analysis, immediate analysis, higher calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis, structural analysis of the ashes by scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition by X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that, in general, the low moisture content presented by all the materials are the main advantage presented by the residues in relation to the maintenance of the efficiency of the burning processes. However, the materials with the greatest association with non-lignocellulosic elements showed a significantly higher ash yield compared to untreated wood. In addition, the presence of the CCA and the melamine coating were responsible for the alteration of the chemical and morphological composition of these combustion residues, producing partial burning particles containing chromium, copper and arsenic for the treated wood and large melamine particles containing chlorine and titanium for the coated panel. In relation to the higher calorific value, untreated pine wood was the material that presented the best result among all the tested, and the coated panel had the lowest value for this parameter. The variations in the energy parameters do not prevent combustion from being considered as a technologically viable alternative in the reduction of the volume of solid waste wood as well as in the generation of energy. However, the identification of toxic elements in the combustion residues of treated wood demonstrates the need to develop practices to mitigate the risks of environmental pollution that the disposal of the ashes represents.
Estudo da produção de bioetanol e biobutanol a partir da palha de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Pratto, Bruna; Sousa Júnior, Ruy de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203; Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1931896866841745
The present thesis studied the hydrolysis and fermentation steps of the hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane straw (cellulosic fraction), aiming bioethanol and biobutanol production. In regards to the hydrolysis step, it is of paramount importance obtaining high glucose concentrations for a feasible bioethanol production. On the other hand, finding an overall efficient process may be challenging since criteria as yield and productivity, may be conflicting sometimes. Thus, a multi-criteria optimization was applied in order to find a balance between yield and productivity in the bioethanol production via pre-saccharification (PS) followed by saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (SSF). PS experiments were carried out evaluating effects of enzymatic dosage, biomass loading, and PS time. After each PS assay, SSF step was run for 24 h. The performance of the whole process (PS + SSF) was evaluated based on overall ethanol yield and productivity. Under optimized conditions, operating in a high solid loading (19.3% w/v), it was possible to obtain an ethanol concentration of 5.6% v/v in a short total processing time of 45 h (hydrolysis + fermentation), which corresponds to approximately 290 L of ethanol per tonne of pretreated sugarcane straw. Also, in the enzymatic hydrolysis step, and as an alternative to the batch PS process, it was studied the fed-batch operation feeding substrate and enzyme, with a total of 21 % w/v of solid load. The suggested feeding policy in this study took into account feeding of substrate and enzyme in a way that the substrate concentration was maintained constant and the reaction rate was maintained equal to or higher than 70 % of the initial hydrolysis reaction rate. In the optimum feeding profile, it was possible to achieve a glucose concentration of 160 g/L, which corresponds to 80 % of cellulose-to-glucose conversion. In addition, it was verified that the non-complete conversion is associated with the non-productive enzyme adsorption, as well as the presence of recalcitrant cellulose. Finally, the thesis also evaluated the potential of biobutanol production by means of ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation using the same biomass. Two hydrolysis-fermentation strategies (SHF - separated hydrolysis and fermentation and PSSSF - pre-saccharification followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation), and two biomass concentrations (10 and 15 % w/v) were evaluated. For both strategies, the 10 % w/v concentration was more favorable (~ 4 times higher) with respect to the ABE production, once there was no need to include a detoxification step. Comparing both strategies, the PSSSF achieved a slightly higher ABE production (10.5 g/L to 13.5 g/L) and 60 % higher productivity. In the best condition (10 % w/v - PSSSF), it would be possible to estimate an yield of 170 L of ABE per tonne of pretreated sugarcane straw, corresponding to 65 L of acetone, 95 L of butanol and 10 L of ethanol.
Estrutura espacial de sistemas agroflorestais na paisagem rural de um município na Amazônia matogrossense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18) Paula, Rafael Pereira de; Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de; Olival, Alexandre de Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1664844008759244; Sais, Adriana Cavalieri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115095851353833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4442876111103141
In this work, the spatial structure of agroforestry systems (AFS) is placed as a subject of study, with emphasis on the landscape of the municipality of Terra Nova do Norte-MT, belonging to the Amazonian biome. The objective was to analyze the spatial structure of the rural properties of the municipality and the AFS that compose them; characterize and analyze the spatial structure of the land cover and land use classes in a hydrographic basin in the municipality, relating them to the structure of AFS and natural vegetation; and propose alternatives that aim to improve and/or conserve aspects related to the ecology of the landscapes analyzed. Chapter 1 discusses the spatial structure of rural properties, and the AFS that compose them, in the rural landscape of the municipality. The structure of rural properties reflects a spatial organization that advocated access to water sources and roads, characteristic of colonization. The structure of AFS is related to its objective as production or restoration and its spatial distribution shows an inclination for the diversification of the productive matrix and concern with the restoration and preservation of water resources. Chapter 2 discusses the spatial structure of land cover and land use in a river basin in the municipality, addressing the role of AFS in increasing forest cover and compliance with environmental legislation in different scenarios. The hydrographic micro basin underwent intense fragmentation of the natural vegetation for the implantation of pastures. In this way, the AFS contribute to the improvement of the ecological characteristics of the landscape and are presented as an alternative for the restoration of the connectivity of the fragmented landscape.