Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-02-18"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 12531

Estudo do efeito dos parâmetros de síntese da Sn-MCM-41 e Sn-SBA-15 em suas propriedades estruturais, texturais e catalíticas na isomerização da glicose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Scolari, Eduardo
;
Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1209001063337177
The 5-hydroximethilfurfural (5-HMF) is a platform molecule that has great potential to originate a wide range of compounds with potential interest in biorefinery, as well as compounds currently produced exclusively from non-renewable carbon sources. The 5-HMF can be obtained via dehydration of hexoses, but with low selectivity (< 30%). On the other hand, fructose, a glucose isomer, can be dehydrated to 5-HMF with high selectivity (> 70%). Recently it has been discovered that using a combination of Lewis acids and Brønsted acids, in the right proportion, allows the direct conversion of glucose into 5-HMF with selectivities higher than 60%. In this process, the Lewis acid isomerizes the glucose to fructose, which is subsequently dehydrated by the Brønsted acid. While several brønsted acid catalysts are known to be efficient in the dehydration of fructose, Sn-Beta zeolite appears almost exclusively as a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for glucose isomerization. However, Sn-Beta has a long, complicated synthesis with questionable reproducibility. Thus, in this study, we proposed the use of mesoporous amorphous stannosilicates as catalysts of glucose isomerization. The effects of the synthesis parameters of mesoporous stannosilicates Sn-MCM-41 and Sn-SBA-15 were evaluated, in the face of its textural, structural and catalytic properties in the isomerization of glucose. The characteristic structures were obtained for all silicates, although the use of an organic base and higher concentrations of acid decreased the ordering respectively for samples MCM-41 and SBA-15. It was observed the presence of tetrahedral tin, indicating insertion in the framework, besides penta and hexacoordinated tin species. The isotherms obtained are as expected for these materials. Changes in pH and Si:Sn ratio didn’t present great effects on the MCM-41 cell parameters and wall thickness, although thermal treatment reduced the last. Variations in synthesis parameters have more visible effects for SBA-15 silicates. The materials in general showed values of selectivity for fructose above 75%, which can be considered very good. It is worth mentioning MCM-41 synthesized with TMAOH showed these values even with larger conversions. The most promising materials (TMAOH 12.9-3% Sn-25 ° C; NH4OH 12.9-3%-50 ° C and SBA15-0.07-3%) were studied more deeply in relation to their catalytic properties. The kinetic tests and indicated that in general the reaction goes into equilibrium at 110 minutes. Only exchange of the organic solvent GVL and THF (polar aprotic) to methanol (polar protic) resulted in significant changes in the behavior of the rates of glucose conversion and selectivity, being GVL the most interesting solvent.
Consequências do uso de madeira tratada com CCA e de painéis de MDF como combustível em processos de combustão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Tomeleri, João Otávio Poletto
;
Pitombo, Leonardo Machado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9975423140836779
;
Pádua, Franciane Andrade de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913
From its use for domestic purposes like firewood to the application in large industrial processing plants for power generation, wood is a long-established fuel. Although its application has evolved towards the establishment of new technologies in conversion systems and the development of energy forests, the current context of the need to reuse urban and industrial waste has introduced a new challenge, that of associating the energy utilization of these materials with the volume reduction for landfills. Aiming to evaluate the combustion behavior of six types of lignocellulosic materials, the untreated wood of pine and eucalyptus, pinus and eucalyptus treated with CCA and MDF panels with and without melamine coating were sampled. The treatments underwent elemental analysis, immediate analysis, higher calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis, structural analysis of the ashes by scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition by X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that, in general, the low moisture content presented by all the materials are the main advantage presented by the residues in relation to the maintenance of the efficiency of the burning processes. However, the materials with the greatest association with non-lignocellulosic elements showed a significantly higher ash yield compared to untreated wood. In addition, the presence of the CCA and the melamine coating were responsible for the alteration of the chemical and morphological composition of these combustion residues, producing partial burning particles containing chromium, copper and arsenic for the treated wood and large melamine particles containing chlorine and titanium for the coated panel. In relation to the higher calorific value, untreated pine wood was the material that presented the best result among all the tested, and the coated panel had the lowest value for this parameter. The variations in the energy parameters do not prevent combustion from being considered as a technologically viable alternative in the reduction of the volume of solid waste wood as well as in the generation of energy. However, the identification of toxic elements in the combustion residues of treated wood demonstrates the need to develop practices to mitigate the risks of environmental pollution that the disposal of the ashes represents.
Estudo da produção de bioetanol e biobutanol a partir da palha de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Pratto, Bruna
;
Sousa Júnior, Ruy de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
The present thesis studied the hydrolysis and fermentation steps of the hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane straw (cellulosic fraction), aiming bioethanol and biobutanol production. In regards to the hydrolysis step, it is of paramount importance obtaining high glucose concentrations for a feasible bioethanol production. On the other hand, finding an overall efficient process may be challenging since criteria as yield and productivity, may be conflicting sometimes. Thus, a multi-criteria optimization was applied in order to find a balance between yield and productivity in the bioethanol production via pre-saccharification (PS) followed by saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (SSF). PS experiments were carried out evaluating effects of enzymatic dosage, biomass loading, and PS time. After each PS assay, SSF step was run for 24 h. The performance of the whole process (PS + SSF) was evaluated based on overall ethanol yield and productivity. Under optimized conditions, operating in a high solid loading (19.3% w/v), it was possible to obtain an ethanol concentration of 5.6% v/v in a short total processing time of 45 h (hydrolysis + fermentation), which corresponds to approximately 290 L of ethanol per tonne of pretreated sugarcane straw. Also, in the enzymatic hydrolysis step, and as an alternative to the batch PS process, it was studied the fed-batch operation feeding substrate and enzyme, with a total of 21 % w/v of solid load. The suggested feeding policy in this study took into account feeding of substrate and enzyme in a way that the substrate concentration was maintained constant and the reaction rate was maintained equal to or higher than 70 % of the initial hydrolysis reaction rate. In the optimum feeding profile, it was possible to achieve a glucose concentration of 160 g/L, which corresponds to 80 % of cellulose-to-glucose conversion. In addition, it was verified that the non-complete conversion is associated with the non-productive enzyme adsorption, as well as the presence of recalcitrant cellulose. Finally, the thesis also evaluated the potential of biobutanol production by means of ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation using the same biomass. Two hydrolysis-fermentation strategies (SHF - separated hydrolysis and fermentation and PSSSF - pre-saccharification followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation), and two biomass concentrations (10 and 15 % w/v) were evaluated. For both strategies, the 10 % w/v concentration was more favorable (~ 4 times higher) with respect to the ABE production, once there was no need to include a detoxification step. Comparing both strategies, the PSSSF achieved a slightly higher ABE production (10.5 g/L to 13.5 g/L) and 60 % higher productivity. In the best condition (10 % w/v - PSSSF), it would be possible to estimate an yield of 170 L of ABE per tonne of pretreated sugarcane straw, corresponding to 65 L of acetone, 95 L of butanol and 10 L of ethanol.
Investigação da diversificação e evolução cromossômica em espécies de Pimelodidae (Siluriformes): contribuição dos DNAs repetitivos e cromossomos B
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Malimpensa, Geovana de Cassia
;
Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9824170107078686
;
Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
Pimelodidae comprises 114 valid species, whith few of them are cytogenetically characterized, mainly, especially with respect to molecular cytogenetics. In addition, the species taxonomic delimitation is still very imprecise and problematic due to the absence of diagnoses based on phylogenetic relationships. In this context, cytogenetic analyzes (classical and molecular) and molecular (DNA barcoding, GMYC and bPTP) were carried out in four species of Pimelodidae: Bergiaria westermanni, Pimelodus fur and Pimelodus pohli from the São Francisco River basin, and Pimelodus microstoma from the Upper Paraná River basin, aiming to provide evolutionary and taxonomic subsidies for them. B. westermanni, P. microstoma and P. pohli species showed conservation concerning the diploid number (2n), heterochromatin distribution pattern, Ag-NORs/rDNA 45S sites localization, histone gene clustering, syntenia between U2 snRNA/rDNA 5S, and distribution pattern of thirteen different microsatellites. However, differentiations were found for some other cytogenetic features, such as the 2n in P. fur, the karyotype formula, number and location of 5S rDNA sites and the location of H3/H4 histones in P. microstoma, the presence of NOR bearing B chromosomes in B. westermanni, the ITS occurrence in P. pohli, the syntenia between U2 snRNA, 5S rDNA and histones in B. westermanni, and the presence of a conspicuous microsatellite (GATA)n block in P. microstoma. Such features evidence the karyotype diversification that occurred among these species along their evolutionary process and support their taxonomic delimitation. CGH data showed the sharing of B. westermanni gDNA with the gDNAs of other species, in few chromosomal regions, thus reinforcing their genetic diversification. Analysis on B. westermanni nuclei with Ag-NOR staining and FISH with 18S rDNA probe revealed the presence of zero up to five Ag-NORs and four sites of 18S rDNA sites, indicating that the Ag-NORs in the B chromosomes of this species are active regions. 18S rDNA and (GATA)n sites were identified on A and B chromosomes of B. westermanni, suggesting the probable intraspecific origin of supernumerary chromosome. This hypothesis is also supported by CGH, which has evidenced the predominance of B. westermanni genomic content in this chromosome. The molecular analyzes also supported the occurrence of four distinct species, reinforcing the taxonomic and cytogenetic data. Thus, this study present new molecular and cytogenetic data for Pimelodidae species and contributes to a better understanding of their chromosomal and molecular diversity.
Efeitos da adubação no rendimento industrial do sorgo sacarino cultivado em solo de fertilidade construída
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Scavazza, Ana Lúcia
;
Soares, Marcio Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0125397145088528
The sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), a poaceae originating in Eastern Central of Africa, has great potential for the production of bioenergy. In Brazil, due to the importance of sugarcane as a source of renewable energy, research on the agricultural and industrial processes of sorghum is still incipient. The objective of this dissertation was to test the hypothesis that the practice of fertilization in soil with improved fertility built influences the growth and maturation of sweet sorghum, in order to that what of promoting variations in the optimum point of harvest. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in a randomized complete block design with five blocks. The treatments were composed of four doses of fertilization, 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 of the recommended dose-RD (110-80-120 kg ha-1) of NPK for the cultivation of hybrid sweet sorghum Malibu 5010 under the conditions of the state of São Paulo, and for four harvest seasons: 90,105,120 and 135 days after the emergency (DAE). Biometric parameters were determined [height (m), diameter of the stem (mm), number of internodes (nodes plant-1), production of stems (t ha-1), biomass (t ha-1), dry biomass (t ha-1), dry mass of panicle (g m-1)], technological [brix of broth (%), Pol of broth (%), fiber (%), purity (%), RS (%), RTS (kg t-1)], productivity [yield of stalks (PC, t ha-1)], besides the accumulation of NPK for the calculation of indices of nutritional efficiency .Data were collected on the soil fertility of sugarcane reform areas to determine the fertility level and to propose the viability of sorghum cultivation with reduced doses of macronutrients. The increase of fertilization in built fertility soil did not promote changes in the parameters of growth and yield of sorghum in order to change the optimum harvest point. The isolated effects of the factors showed that the yield of stalks, one of the most important indicators for ethanol production, presented a higher average with application of 1.5RD (165-120-180 kg of NPK ha-1). Harvesting times did not differ. However, the economic evaluation revealed the impracticability of the fertilization practice, due to the high productivity obtained in 0RD. Due to the high incidence of Ergot disease, the content of sucrose (Pol), RTS, SR and the other technological variables were affected. However, there was an indication that the fertilization influenced the maturation in order to promote changes at the optimum harvest point, highlighting the 1,0RD as the best NPK contribution, and the cutting season at 120DAE as the best indicated for the tested cultivar. Due to the high dry matter production, Malibu 5010 sorghum hybrid accumulated NPK in the order of N
Práticas de letramento de professores de matemática em formação na licenciatura em educação do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Fernandes, Fernando Luís Pereira
;
Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9023529421846126
This research has as its goal the comprehension of the literacy practices engaged and problematized by Rural Education undergraduates. To answer the guiding question: Which literacy practices of the future teacher can be highlighter in a Rural Education Undergraduate Course?, we based ourselves in references for Rural Education, Literacy and Numeracy Studies and Teachers’ Education for Social Justice. The methodology of the research is of qualitative nature, and the structuring of the data happened in two steps. The first of them in a discipline about Functions, taught by the researcher, who is also a professor in the Rural Education Undergraduate Course (LECampo) of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro and had the participation of 45 undergraduates, as subjects of the investigation. In this step, the tools used were: questionnaire of socio-economical nature, applied to all the undergraduates, and video recordings of the classes. The second step of the data production happened with the involvement of twelve of the undergraduates, subjects of the survey, who chose Mathematics, with the data being obtained through semi structured interviews. Thus, it was constituted as material to be analyzed in investigation: questionnaire results, students’ written productions, transcription of parts of the classes and interviews. After the data organization, we constructed two analysis axes: (i) Technical Tendency of Mathematics Teaching and its Variations as Representation of Autonomous Literacy Model and (ii) Formative actions at LECampo as driving forces behind literacy practices of future teachers. The data showed us that, despite the basic schooling of the undergraduates being based on a technical and procedural dimension, and thus, having produced literacy practices common to the autonomous model, different formative actions in LECampo’s degree made it possible for the teachers the mobilization and problematization of literacy practices,– the formulation of problems and financial of familiar farming. In particular, the undergraduates in Mathematics have exposed during the interviews their ways of seeing and conceiving the teaching of Mathematics, with emphasis for the Empirical-Activist and Socioethnocultural teaching tendencies. The identified characteristics of those tendencies can contribute to the comprehension of literacy events and practices valued by the undergraduates. The results point at the many literacy practices highlighted in the Rural Education Initial Teacher Education and for the necessity of depth and continuity of those studies.
Práticas translíngues na comunicação de aprendizes de português como língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Milozo, Giovana Nicolini
;
Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2261950800585333
This research aims at analyzing and describing communicative practices of four Hispanic learners and one Italian learner, in a Portuguese course offered by a public university in the state of São Paulo, under the Translanguaging perspective. According to Bakhtin (GARCÍA and WEI, 2014), language arises from speaker’s actions, which are endowed with perspectives and ideological position, with impossible neutrality. We intended to understand linguistic performance of those learners beyond linguistic forms and structures. The research questions arose from issues about teaching and learning Portuguese as foreign language, considering “Portuñol” as a stigma, with characteristics of Portuguese and Spanish languages. Translanguaging perspective was chosen by observing that linguistic repertoire of bilingual or multilingual speaker is dynamic and undone. In addition, individual’s linguistic choices are based on adaptive needs to monolingual contexts (GARCÍA et al., 2017). In that perspective, language is understood as a social and cultural practice discursively oriented, with codes and multissemiotic resources and symbolic systems. Those all elements are used by individuals to construct a reality as they are able to conceive (ROCHA e MACIEL, 2015). Described as qualitative interpretative, this research presents characteristics of ethnographic research. Moreover, its methodology consists of data generation and collection in classroom context, and an activity was proposed in order to generate data. The objective of that activity was promoting opportunities to learners to use Portuguese language and to have cultural exchanges. The learners made presentations which aimed to present characteristics of Brazil and of their country. Those presentations were recorded in audio. Subsequently, we proposed individual meetings so that students were able to listen to and reflect on their oral productions. Those meetings were recorded as well. The results were categorized in linguistic and cultural perceptions of him/herself. The linguistic perception reveals a structural perspective about language and student’s conceptions about “error”. The second one reveals student’s perceptions about themselves, including social representations, affective issues and spontaneity in speaking, as well as individual characteristics. All those elements influence, in a particular way, the performance of each student, framing their linguistic repertoire and revealing that his/her biography trajectory is fundamental for the process of speaking foreign languages. We conclude that changing perspectives is important for the area of teaching and learning foreign languages, having the learner as the focus of learning instead of language forms and structures exclusively. In other words, we must prioritize the individual performance, whose linguistic repertoire can be the basis for learning several “named languages”.
Avaliação das respostas cardiovasculares, respiratórias e metabólicas ao treinamento muscular inspiratório utilizando a pressão inspiratória crítica em ciclistas recreacionais: estudo clínico randomizado, controlado e duplo cego
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Santos, Patrícia Rehder dos
;
Catai, Aparecida Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0359139542962460
Introduction: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has brought great benefits for improving physical performance in healthy and active individuals. However, there is no consensus regarding the better training load for this population. Objective: To evaluate the effect of critical inspiratory pressure (PThC) on physical performance and cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses in recreational cyclists. Methods: Thirty-one men recreational cyclists (20-40 years old) were randomized to Sham Group (6cmH2O)(SG, n = 10), PThC Group (CPG, n = 10) and Group 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (60G, n = 10), taking into account age group and aerobic functional capacity. All participants were submitted to the following evaluations: pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle strength test (RMS), cardiopulmonary test (CPET), incremental inspiratory muscle endurance test (IMEi) [maximal sustained respiratory pressure for 1 minute (PThMAX)], using a linear load inspiratory resistor (PowerBreathe K5). During the evaluations, ECG (BioAmp FE132), peripheral pulse pressure, beat-to-beat (Finometer Pro) and thoracic movements were recorded using a chest strap (Marazza) and ventilatory and metabolic responses, using a system of expired gas measurements (ULTIMA MedGraphics/VMAX Encore 29). IMT lasted 11 weeks (3 times/week and 55 minutes/session). The data were analyzed by specific statistical tests (parametric or non-parametric) according to the data distribution and their respective variances. It will be established p <0.05. Results: The PThC was able to increase the peak power, evaluated in the CPET and inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. On the other hand, 60% of MIP increased peak power and peak oxygen consumption (VO2PEAK), assessed by CPET and IMS. All loads were able to increase MIP and PThMÁX, but none were able to change participants' breathing patterns or function pulmonary, after training. Conclusion: The IMT performed with PThC seems to be better for strength gain and inspiratory muscle endurance and the load of 60% of MIP better for increasing VO2PEAK. However, both loads (PThC and 60% of MIP) lead to improved performance of recreational cyclists.
Formação do fisioterapeuta como profissional crítico e reflexivo na perspectiva dos docentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Doltrário, Sandra Maria Beltrami
;
Padilha, Roberto de Queiroz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2262980850254605
;
Sampaio, Sueli Fatima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351
Study with a qualitative research approach, exploratory type with the objective of understanding how the teachers who work in the graduation courses of Physical Therapy understand the critical and reflexive formation of the future professional. The study participants consisted of forty-four teachers from public teaching institutions, covering the southeastern region of Brazil. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, with open questions, and analyzed by the Bardin content analysis proposal, resulting in the following categories: professional profile; educational processes and transformations; potentialities and challenges for training. The research participants associated critical and reflexive thinking with the proposals of the National Curricular Guidelines for Physiotherapy and based on these, to the transformations in the courses to reach the profile of the professional expected according to the Unique Health System. They demonstrated an understanding of the process of changes in education which are expected for this training and understand the development of critical and reflective thinking as guiding. It was found that the participants understood the needs of changes in curriculum matrices and in the methodologies for the teaching and learning process. It was considered that although there is an understanding of the importance of critical and reflexive thinking in this formation, that the teaching of Physiotherapy still carries a connotative connotation, centered on the teacher, technicist and reductionist, aimed at acting mainly in rehabilitation. The insertion of the physiotherapist in primary care was considered of great importance to bring about concrete changes in the formation of this professional.
Caracterização de painéis de partículas de madeira tratada com CCB confeccionados com resina poliuretana mista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Shirosaki, Rodrigo Kiyoshi
;
Christoforo, André Luis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1293633844814011
The particleboard is an engineered product of the wood, made from the gluing of small, deconstructed pieces from the wood processing using a bonding resin. Because it is a material subject to attack by xylophagous organisms, the wood treatment with preservative is essential to ensure its durability. The CCB (chromium, copper and boron salts) is a more interesting alternative to CCA (chromium, copper and arsenic salts) due to its efficiency in combating degradation and, especially, lower toxicity. The mixed polyurethane resin based on vegetable oils is also a choice over traditional urea-based resin, whose major problem is the emission of formaldehyde during pressing. The wood of the genus Pinus has low density and accepts well the preservative treatment due to the greater porosity when compared with hard wood. It is also the second most planted genus in Brazil, only behind Eucalyptus. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the technical feasibility of particle board production using Pinus wood treated with CCB and polyurethane resin based on vegetable oils. For this, three different resin concentrations (10%, 12% and 15%) were used in combination with the presence or absence of the preservative, obtaining 6 types of treatment. The results met the normative requirements of Brazilian documents ABNT NBR 14810 (2013) and European EN 312 (2003), in addition to reaching values close to and even higher than similar surveys. Therefore the technical feasibility of making panels with said materials used and the quality of the product according to its excellent performance were verified.
Estrutura espacial de sistemas agroflorestais na paisagem rural de um município na Amazônia matogrossense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Paula, Rafael Pereira de
;
Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de
;
Olival, Alexandre de Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1664844008759244
;
Sais, Adriana Cavalieri
In this work, the spatial structure of agroforestry systems (AFS) is placed as a subject of study, with emphasis on the landscape of the municipality of Terra Nova do Norte-MT, belonging to the Amazonian biome. The objective was to analyze the spatial structure of the rural properties of the municipality and the AFS that compose them; characterize and analyze the spatial structure of the land cover and land use classes in a hydrographic basin in the municipality, relating them to the structure of AFS and natural vegetation; and propose alternatives that aim to improve and/or conserve aspects related to the ecology of the landscapes analyzed. Chapter 1 discusses the spatial structure of rural properties, and the AFS that compose them, in the rural landscape of the municipality. The structure of rural properties reflects a spatial organization that advocated access to water sources and roads, characteristic of colonization. The structure of AFS is related to its objective as production or restoration and its spatial distribution shows an inclination for the diversification of the productive matrix and concern with the restoration and preservation of water resources. Chapter 2 discusses the spatial structure of land cover and land use in a river basin in the municipality, addressing the role of AFS in increasing forest cover and compliance with environmental legislation in different scenarios. The hydrographic micro basin underwent intense fragmentation of the natural vegetation for the implantation of pastures. In this way, the AFS contribute to the improvement of the ecological characteristics of the landscape and are presented as an alternative for the restoration of the connectivity of the fragmented landscape.
Efeitos do treino de tronco e alcance em lactentes pré-termo: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Zambello, Vanessa
;
Campos, Ana Carolina de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292093208120940
;
Tudella, Eloisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
Objective: To investigate the effects of a trunk and reaching training on the level of trunk control, on proximal and distal adjustments, and gross motor skills of moderate to late preterm infants at reaching onset. Methods: This is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. The participants were 16 moderate to late preterm infants (gestational age at birth 35.29 ± 1.09 weeks) who were allocated into two groups: experimental (trunk and reaching training) (17.29 ± 0.43 weeks of corrected age) or control (social training) (16.60 ± 1.53 weeks of corrected age). All infants were tested three times: 1) pre-test, performed 3 to 5 days after reaching onset and immediately before training; 2) post-test, performed immediately after 12 days of training; and 3) retention, performed seven days after post-test. The experimental protocol had a total duration of 19 days, and the exercises were performed during 12 consecutive days. All infants were evaluated by the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) to identify the level of trunk control, assessment of proximal and distal reaching settings and by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to measure gross motor function. During the trunk and reaching training protocol, six sessions were administered by a physical therapist and six were performed by the parents/guardians. The trunk and reaching training was composed of activities performed in reclined, supine, prone, sitting and standing postures over stable and unstable surfaces, with visual, tactile and auditory stimuli from several toys, and under random practice condition. The social training protocol was applied by parents / guardians who were trained to carry out the guidelines contained in a booklet. Infants in this group were positioned in the same postures as the experimental group, and received verbal and visual stimulation. The level of trunk control, frequency of reaches, proximal and distal adjustments, and AIMS scores were the primary outcomes. Grasping was the secondary outcome. Results: There were no differences between groups in any of the variables. There was an increase in open-hand reaches in the Time factor for the experimental group and control group in the post-test and in the retention when compared to the pre-test (p < 0.01), and in the retention when compared to the post-test (p < 0.01). It was observed in the control group, increase of reaches with the vertical hand in the Time factor in the retention when compared to the pre-test (p = 0.02). There was an increase of reaches with grasping in the Time factor in the experimental group in the retention when compared to the pre-test (p < 0.01) and in the control group in the post-test and retention when compared to the pre-test (p < 0.01). In the experimental group and control group there was increase in AIMS scores in the post-test and in the retention when compared to the pre-test (p < 0.01), and in the retention when compared to the post-test (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that trunk and reaching training was not superior to social training. Effects on the level of trunk control, reaching behavior and gross motor function seem to require stimulation for longer periods of time.
Trabalho e cultura para jovens artistas: mainstream ou resistência?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-19)
Almeida Prado, Ana Carolina da Silva
;
Silva, Carla Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6499983930162012
La presente investigación se centró en la temática de las relaciones de trabajo establecidas entre jóvenes adultos, con franja de edad entre 25 y 29 años, en el campo artístico cultural. Partió de la discusión acerca de las formas precarizadas de trabajo en la sociedad contemporánea por medio del modo social de producción capitalista y racionalidad neoliberal, específicamente en el campo artístico cultural; de la constitución y ejecución de las políticas públicas culturales brasileñas; y de la juventud brasileña, como importante categoría social. Considerando la importancia de las reflexiones sobre esta temática y de ir al encuentro de la construcción de conocimiento de forma crítico, se llegó la cuestión de investigación: ¿cómo se dan las relaciones de trabajo en el campo artístico cultural para jóvenes adultos trabajadores? El objetivo de la investigación fue comprender las posibilidades y los desafíos de los procesos de profesionalización y generación de ingresos de jóvenes adultos en actividades artísticas culturales y en qué medida sus actividades humanas son moldeadas e influenciadas por el modo social de producción capitalista neoliberal. La metodología es de carácter cualitativo y se delinea en una perspectiva de análisis de discurso narrativo. Para ello, adoptó criterios de selección e inclusión para investigación, realizó llamamiento para la participación a través de los cuestionarios, por las redes sociales y posteriormente se realizó las entrevistas; para tanto, se definió y se construyó instrumentos específicos para la recolección y sistematización de los datos: elaboración de formulario online y guión para entrevistas narrativas. Así como, realizó la tabulación de los datos; transcripción de las entrevistas; elaboración de temáticas; análisis y discusión teórica de acuerdo con la perspectiva crítica en composición con la Terapia Ocupacional. Como resultados, se apunta el papel de las actividades relacionadas al trabajo en la cultura en la constitución de sus identidades y de sus cotidianos. Se abordan las representaciones, los sentidos y las expectativas del trabajo en la cultura en la interpretación de los participantes de forma situada. El trabajo precarizado en que están sometidos aparece como factor limitante para el mantenimiento de sus necesidades fundamentales, impactando de forma significativa sus actividades humanas. Las estrategias utilizadas permean la creación de redes de apoyo, formación profesional, asociaciones y ecuación de los gastos financieros cotidianos ligados a la alimentación, vivienda y movilidad urbana. Sin embargo, las limitaciones encontradas también se presentan como catalizadoras para la realización de sus trabajos, resultando en un movimiento expresivo de resistencia a la lógica capitalista neoliberal. Se espera que esta investigación pueda contribuir a la comprensión acerca del cotidiano y los modos de vida de jóvenes trabajadores/as artistas y sobre todo, de los procesos de exclusión y desigualdades perpetrados en nuestra sociedad. De la misma forma, que contribuya a la construcción del conocimiento en Terapia Ocupacional en el campo de la cultura y en el debate en relación al trabajo.
Desperdício de alimentos em restaurantes: uma análise em uma instituição universitária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-19)
Deliberador, Lucas Rodrigues
;
Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4531645163227449
About one-third of world food production is lost or wasted annually at different stages of agri-food production chains (APC). Food losses generally occur in the early stages of an APC, while waste is understood as the discarding of food that occurs in the final stages of APCs. Food losses and waste have important economic, environmental and social impacts worldwide. Thus, studying their causes, as well as strategies that minimize them, is among the central concerns of those who work with food at all levels and forms. Food in school settings, including restaurants in higher education institutions, is among the sectors that deserve special mention, as a result of generating significant quantities of food wasted by consumers. In this context, this research aimed to verify what causes that most influence the consumers of a university restaurant to waste food and what measures that could be taken to reduce this waste. The research used in its development a unique study realized in the university dining hall of a federal university. The aim was to analyze, through a structured questionnaire, the perceptions of consumers about different variables influencing food waste. The results were statistically correlated with the leftovers on the plates or trays of each consumer. An average waste of 68g/consumer was verified, which is considered high and superior to what is acceptable in the literature. This information was used to propose policies and actions that will seek to minimize the wastes found.
Nutrição e disponibilidade de nitrogênio no consórcio de milho orgânico com diferentes densidades de fabáceas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-19)
Bonfanti, Leila
;
Bigaton, Ademir Durrer
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1201801613118649
;
Fontanetti, Anastácia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
The intercropping corn with green manures of the Fabaceae family has been studied as an alternative to supply nitrogen (N), via biological fixation (NBF). Increasing soil organic matter contents and nutrient cycling. However, the Fabaceae species and its density in the intercrop alters the competition patter and demanding studies to optimize the intercrop between Fabaceaes and corn. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate N availability in the soil, growth, nutritional state and grains yield of corn intercropped with different densities of Crotalaria spectabilis Roth and Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp in organic system. The study was conducted on crop year of 2017/18, at UFSCar/Araras, SP. Experimental design was of randomized blocks with four repetitions. Treatments consisted of four corn intercrops with: MC5) C. spectabilis - 5 plants.m-1; MG5 C. cajan - 5 plants.m-1; MCG10) C. spectabilis and C. cajan - 10 plants.m-1, five of each species; MCG6) C. spectabilis and C. cajan - 6 plants.m-1, tree of each species, and a lateral control treatment, M) monocultural corn, cultivated distancing six meters from the fabaceas. It was evaluated corn leaf area index (IAF), dry matter (MS) and Falker chlorophyll index (ICF), at phenological stages V4, V8 and VT; leaf micronutrients contents at VT and yield at R6. For the fabaceas, dry mass (MSF) was accessed at corn stages of V4, V8, Vt and R6 and nutrient accumulation at R6. To nitrogen accessible was analyzed by NH4- and NO3- quantification of nifH gene in the soil, at corn phenological stages of V2, V4 and VT. It was observed reduction in grains yield of corn in increases of fabaceas density in intercrops (MCG10), as the pigeon-pea (MG5), because maximized competition interspecific. On the other hand, the intercrop with C. spectabilis (MC5) increased corn dry matter. For the nutritional state the intercrops with fabaceas (MCG6, MG5 and MC5) increases corn phosphorus and potassium leaf content and, increases in fabaceas density in intercrops (MCG10) maximized in nutritional competition, decreases corn phosphorus, potassium and sulfur contents. Not observed increases in corn nitrogen leaf content in presence fabaceas. It nitrogen access in the soil, simultaneous intercropping of C. spectabilis and C. cajan with corn (MCG6) reduces soil contents of ammonium and nitrate but increases corn ICF in comparation others intercrops, indicating nitrogen absorption in the soil by corn plants. Greater fabaceas dry matter amounts increases nifH gene quantity in the soil.
Alinhamento entre estratégia de produção e estratégia tecnológica: estudos de caso em empresas fornecedoras do setor automotivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-19)
Sciuto, Joseleine Maria
;
Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1054333246006610
The Production Strategy literature proposes that the production function should be considered as a strategic asset and as a competitive weapon. When companies do not recognize the relationship between the Production Strategy and the Competitive Strategy, they can be tied to uncompetitive production systems. Similarly, the strategic management theme came to recognize technology as an important element for the business and for the Competitive Strategy. Technology has come to be seen as one of the main capacities of the company and the new knowledge to be recognized as the basis for organizational renewal and to sustain competitive advantage. This thesis identifies the Production Strategy and Technological Strategy of automotive suppliers, and discusses the alignment between these functional strategies adopted by companies. The research presents a qualitative approach, with the application of multiple case studies, semi-structured interviews for data collection and triangulation of data for case analysis. The study demonstrates the vertical alignment between the Production Strategy and the competitive priorities and decision areas; the vertical alignment between the Technology Strategy and the technological capacities; and the horizontal alignment between the Production Strategy and the Technological Strategy, in companies A, B and C. As a contribution of this study, it highlighted the strategic alignment analysis model proposed and the understanding of how the diffusion of technological capacities (fostered by competitive priorities) impacts the decision areas in Companies, contributing to the achievement of competitive advantage through the production function.
Formação continuada de professores: tecnologia assistiva para a escola inclusiva de alunos com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-19)
Turci, Paulo Cesar
;
Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7104587904550625
Abstract: Since 2007, the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) has started to distribute notebooks equipped with assistive technology devices (TA), mainly Dosvox, which allows students with visual impairments (DV) to access the computer. However, this inclusive technology has not been incorporated into such students’s educational process as developed in the common classroom. Specialized literature justifies such absence with the claim that the regent teachers have not been prepared during their initial and continued training to work with students with DV and yet neither with notebooks equipped with Dosvox or with other AT devices. In view of the above, the present research has as general objective: to elaborate, apply and analyze a continuous training program aimed at training teachers to work with a computer equipped with assistive technology devices: Windows access facility or Dosvox system in the educational process of students with visual impairment, developed in the common classroom. And as specific objectives: a) Analyze the effects of a continuing training program on the educational process of participants about assistive technology devices: Windows access facility or Dosvox system. B) Analyze in which tasks of continuous training program aimed at educational process of students with visual impairment developed in the common classroom obtained the highest and lowest levels of acquisition of knowledge by the participants. For this purpose, a program evaluation study was carried out, with an AB type design, with four participants: an elementary school teacher, a high school teacher, a retired teacher and a Special Education undergraduate student. The program was composed of 18 tasks divided in six phases with 30 hours of duration with two-hour weekly classes and held in the Community Library (BCO) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) in São Carlos. The instruments used to collect data were: a) semi-structured interview with the purpose of characterizing the participants; b) a task protocol to assess the knowledge acquired by participants at two different times: 1) before the start of the program (pre-intervention) and 2) after the completion of the program (post intervention); and c) field diary to register the development of the program. Data analysis was quantitative and occurred as follows: the data obtained with the pre-intervention applied task protocol were compared with the data obtained with the post-intervention task protocol. Results indicated that the participants: Maria, Cristina and Silvia obtained an excellent level of knowledge acquisition during the execution of the program, while the participant John reached a level of regular acquisition. In addition, the female participants were able to use educational strategies structured by the accessibility produced by the above mentioned TA devices, disseminated during the training program, as well as to adapt them to develop new inclusive educational practices in coherence with the educational reality of the school where they used to teach.
O processo de institucionalização da educação a distância na Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) no período de 2004 a 2018
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-19)
Chaquime, Luciane Penteado
;
Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6334000944566026
The institutionalization of distance education (DE), based on the Institutional Theory, can be understood as a process based on the dynamics of interaction between the university and the educational field. His analysis then includes, on the one hand, exogenous elements related to the pressures exerted by the field for the university to offer courses at a distance. On the other hand, it involves endogenous elements related to the continuous and gradual adaptations carried out by the university to systematically insert the DE into its internal structural arrangement in order to legitimize itself socially. In Brazil, DE settled in the educational field with Law 9.394/1996, being configured as a modality with the potential to democratize the access to Higher Education. The Universidade Aberta do Brasil System (UAB), instituted in 2006, consisted of the most relevant public policy in the induction of distance courses offered by public higher education institutions that, from the moment of adhesion, initiate the necessary structural and organizational changes and changes to meet the specificities concerning the management of DE systems. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis was to analyze the institutionalization of the DE at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and the specific ones were: to identify and describe the history of the institutionalization of DE in UFSCar, relating it to the educational field Brazilian; characterize the structure of academic-pedagogical and administrative management created to support the offer of courses in the distance modality, as well as the type of DE adopted by UFSCar; mapping and analyzing the factors that limit the institutionalization of DE in the university, identifying its nature; identify and analyze the most significant elements in favor of the institutionalization of DE in UFSCar and; to analyze the perspectives regarding the institutionalization of DE at UFSCar. In order to do so, a qualitative research was carried out, through the survey and study of bibliography, data collection through documental research techniques and semi-structured interviews, data analysis and dissemination of results. Among the main results, the following stand out: the beginning of the institutionalization of the DE in UFSCar is related to the adhesion to the UAB System for the offer of five undergraduate courses, which led to the creation of an DE unit that was incorporated into the structure of the university, as well as rules, procedures and regulations regarding the modality; the institutionalization of the modality in UFSCar represented the conciliation between its social function of democratizing access to higher education and its maintenance as an organization that aims to survive in the field in which it operates; the trends for the continuity of the institutionalization at UFSCar point to the encouragement of Blended Learning and also suggest a greater submission of the university to the market as the offer of specialization courses is increased, and partnerships are sought with the private sector as a way of maintaining the activities of the unit manager of DE in UFSCar.
Buscando incansavelmente por melhores condições de saúde e vida para o filho com mielomeningocele
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-19)
Bonelli, Maria Aparecida
;
Dupas, Giselle
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766165900569194
This work aimed to know the experience of families in the care of children with myelomeningocele, seeking to investigate the repercussion of the disease in the family context and to identify the factors that integrate care to this child at home. It is a qualitative research, that adopted as theoretical reference the Symbolic Interacionismo and as methodological referential the Theory Grounded in the Data. Thirteen families participated in the study, with a total of 28 participants. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were carried out at the participants' homes and the data analysis was performed concomitantly with the collection, according to the steps recommended by the referential. It was possible to understand that the experience is constituted by two Phenomena: "Facing the malformation of the child" and "Overcoming expectations". The first one indicates the moments of difficulties experienced by the family with the discovery of the diagnosis; uncertainties and fear of caring; uncertain prognoses; incessant treatments; mobilization of family members to meet the child's health needs; the support received and the obstacles faced. The second depicts a rearrangement of the family beyond curative treatments; this search through various treatments, stimuli, devices and physical activity overcome the limitations of the child. They value the child's awareness of their difficulties, participating in and potentializing the treatments, as well as stimulating self-care, thriving future independence. Through these phenomena the Central Category and the Theoretical Model were identified: "Tirelessly looking for better health and life conditions for the child", which represents the experience of the family in the care of the child with myelomeningocele in the study population. Aiming at the autonomy of the child, the family mobilizes itself to the necessary treatments, learn the care, adaptation of the routine, as well as supply for all the needs of the child so that it reaches a potential development, prospecting a less dependent future with inclusion and social ascension. The results lead to the reflection on important areas of nursing action, such as rehabilitation nursing, which was highlighted in this study, since the family members' desire to be cared for; and family nursing, which also shows a potential support for this trajectory, due to its capacity to include the family in the care process.
Secagem em leito fixo de materiais granulares com diferentes esfericidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-19)
Altino, Heitor Otacílio Nogueira
;
Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4386564501984948
The drying process of particulate biological materials in fixed bed is influenced by several factors associated with the particles and the bed packing. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the drying of particulate materials with different internal and external characteristics and to investigate how these characteristics influence the bed fluid dynamics, axial temperature profiles and thin layer drying kinetics. It is intended to revisit the analysis of grain drying with experimental data obtained in a standardized way and incorporating on-line acquisition techniques for temperature and humidity measurements. The selected materials were: soy, green lentil, barley, oats and spheres of alumina. The physicochemical properties of the particles as well as the bulk and fluid dynamics characteristics of the packed-beds were measured in different moisture contents of the solid phase. The thickness of the thin layer, as well as the heat transfer in the bed, was analyzed by evaluation of the axial temperature profiles along the bed. The drying kinetics of the materials was studied in a thin layer fixed bed under constant operating conditions. The results evidenced that the characteristics of the beds are strongly dependents of properties like size, shape and surface roughness of the particles, resulting in different bed packing characteristics, such as bulk density, porosity, permeability and tortuosity. The hydraulic radius and permeability of the biological materials presented the following decreasing order of magnitude: soy, lentil, barley and oats. On the other hand, the tortuosity exhibited an inverse order. The inertial resistance factor showed similar values among the materials, with the exception of lentils. The pressure drop was higher in the beds with lower permeability and higher inertial resistance factor. The axial temperature profiles revealed that packed materials with initial moisture of 0.24 g.g-1 d.b. had different heating rates, according to the descending order: soy, lentil, barley, oats and alumina. The effective diffusivities were estimated based on the fit of a diffusive model to the experimental data, assuming a condition of thermodynamic equilibrium at the exit of the bed. The model predicted with good accuracy the kinetic curves for all materials.