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Zoneamento geoambiental do município de Santa Bárbara D’Oeste - SP em escala 1:50.000
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Mazzuco, Giulia Guillen; Lorandi, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4960736022172616
Geoenvironmental zoning is a relevant tool to support territorial management and planning, since it allows mapping and analyzing geoenvironmental characteristics and its interaction with anthropogenic interventions, making possible to define homogeneous units with their potentialities and fragilities, in order to guarantee a sustainable and socioeconomic development. It is in this context, if we use information about the physical and environmental characteristics to subsidize the planning and the adequate environmental management of current and future uses of the territory, that this work is inserted. As the general objective, this study provide an elaboration of a Geoenvironmental Zoning of the municipality of Santa Bárbara D'Oeste - SP, which is located in the metropolitan region of Campinas, covering an area of 272.10km² and 191,894 inhabitants. For this, were developed: characterization and analysis of the physical environment (geological formations, soils types, and surface, climate and water resources), biotic (vegetation) and anthropic (land use and cover). These attributes were analyzed in an integrated way, obtaining the Geomorphological map of the region. Likewise, a Potential for Urban Expansion Map was elaborated by crossing the information of the Environmental Fragility (EF) with the Inapt to urbanization areas. The EF was generated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. All processing was performed in ArcGIS 10.5 software. For the projection system and coordinates were adopted: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) in Zone 23S and reference surface Datum SIRGAS2000. Finally, the Geoenvironmental Zoning was elaborated, through an integrated analysis of mappings and the current legislations issues. The municipality was divided into 8 zones, 4 of which were classified as restrictive to occupancy: Legal environmental restrictions (37.34km² - 13.77%); Geoenvironmental restrictions (51.19km² - 18.82%); Sanitary restrictions (2.62km² - 0.95%) and Consolidated uses (38.80km² - 14.32%) and the others as able for occupation: SOD (90.07km² - 33.08%); Priority Areas for Urbanization (2.79km² - 1.03%); Potential areas for urbanization 1 and 2 (14.62km² - 5.39%) and Potential for agricultural activities (34.67km² - 12.64%). By comparing the territorial occupation guidelines defined in the Master Plan (MP) with the Geoenvironmental Zoning it was possible to verify that some of the directives presented by the municipality were defined in disagreement with the geoenvironmental attributes. This happens because urbanization was planned to take place in fragile areas such as in sandy hills, slopes and fluvial plains, with high slopes and near springs and erosion processes. In addition, the suppression of part of the vegetative remnants in the Areas of Environmental Interest is allowed in the guidelines of the MP. Another issue that requires attention is that the new urban boundary defined in the PD revision (61.66km² of extension), if consolidated, will allow the urban area to expand from 37.21km² to 98.87km² (a growth of 165,70%). On the other hand, it is worth to highlight, in a positive way, the creation of the Water Supply Protection and Recovery Area (APRM) by means of Municipal Law nº. 2.717 / 2002, the delimitation of APPs greater than the mandatory ones defined in Federal Legislation nº 12.651 / 2012, as well as the non-application of the concept of Consolidated Area in APPs in the limit in question.
Aula de Arte no ensino médio: o ensino de meios audiovisuais em uma perspectiva intercultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Graciano-Dias, Jaqueline; Galizia, Fernando Stanzione; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4007795540173093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4357180734579041
The audiovisual sector plays a major role in relation to a contemporary society. Note that much has been discussed about of the use of these resources in the educational sphere in which are present, but most of the time as a “facilitator” and not as a valuable object of study. Thus, the research seeks to demystify the use of audiovisual means only as auxiliaries and ensure their performance so that they are able to promote meaningful learning. The TV vignette carries with it elements that when analyzed critically in the Art subject shows a cultural project of a great importance relation to a education. It’s necessary a study of the practice that seeks to promote interculturalism in the classroom, considering that television vignette is one of the student’s culture influencer and should not be ignored in their learning process, including the local culture and the teacher’s culture and creating then a new culture. The hybridization of cultures brings meaningful learning to the students without the critical sense being disregarded.
Expressão de genes candidatos à determinação sexual em Astyanax scabripinnis (Teleostei: characidae) em animais com e sem cromossomos B
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Castro, Jonathan Pena; Hattori, Ricardo Shohei; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5554001608187705; Artoni, Roberto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8875928930712027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8334644262108533
Fish are animals present in a wide variety of habitats and are distributed all over the world. The diversity of forms, behaviors and niches associated with the evolutionary characteristics of these animals make them important to the studies associated sex determination and sexual differentiation. Among the freshwater fish of the Neotropical region, the tetras of the genus Astyanax are one of most representatives. The A. scabripinnis species complex has been well studied about the origin, distribution and frequency of B chromosomes, being considered a model organism for evolutionary studies. Several studies with population inferences about the occurrence and frequency of B chromosomes show a seasonal variation between the sexes associated with the presence of supernumerary elements in A. scabripinnis. The hypothesis is that B chromosomes could have a possible influence on the reproductive processes of this species. Thus, the present study aimed to infer if there are differences in the levels of gene expression between specimens carrying and not carrying B chromosomes concerning some candidate genes for sex determination. The results obtained showed an over expression of the dmrt1 gene in maturing male gonads of animals with B chromosomes. For amh and foxl2 genes occurred an atypical expression in females carrying B chromosomes, where their expression patterns were more similar to those of males and the reverse to those of females that do not carry Bs. The male gonads were more conservative in relation to the expression of the amh and foxl2 genes, regardless of the maturation stage and the occurrence of the B chromosomes. These results indicate that B chromosomes are changing the profiles of the sex related genes, suggesting a possible adaptive role in extending the reproductive cycle.
Inibidores de poligalacturonase (PGIPs) oriundos do feijão: produção recombinante e estudos funcionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Peccin, Heloisa Tavoni Longhim; Silva, Flávio Henrique da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2881960328429369
Pectic substances are components of the middle lamella of the plant cell wall and are composed of partially methyl-esterified galacturonic acid residues linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These substances are naturally degraded by pectinases, such as the endopolygalacturonase (PG), which is responsible for the reaction of hydrolysis of α- (1,4) bonds of pectin. Pectinases and other enzymes responsible for cell wall degradation (PCWDEs) have been extensively studied in plants, bacteria, fungi and insects. As a defense strategy, the plants try to inhibit their enzymatic activity by producing inhibitors of PG, the PGIPs (Polygalacturonase Inhibitor Protein). PGIPs have a structure formed by leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), which are arranged to form two β-sheets, being that β1-sheet contains residues crucial for interaction with PGs. The high level of PGIP expression does not prevent infection, however, it significantly limits colonization of the tissue by the invading organism. Among the most studied PGIPs are polygalacturonase inhibitors from the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), which consist of a family of 4 clustered genes (pvpgip1, pvpgi2, pvpgi3 and pvpgi4). Due to the application of pectinases in several industrial fields and to the importance of these inhibitors, the PvPGIP2 and PvPGIP3, inhibitors of the beans were recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris, which were subjected to functional assays. Partial inhibition of Aspergillus niger pectinase activity against recombinant proteins PvPGIP2 and PvPGIP3 were observed. In addition, PvPGIP2 partially inhibited the activity of the Neosartorya glaba´s fungus pectinase for the first time reported in the literature. The recombinant proteins were also tested against pectinase of the insect Sphenophorus levis (Sl-EndoPG), but the activity of the same was not reduced.
Avaliação de novas arquiteturas de carbono para o desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos para a determinação de espécies de interesse em diferentes matrizes de amostras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Silva, Tiago Almeida; Fatibello Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0577261810854086
In this doctorate work the efforts were expended in the electrochemical study and electroanalytical application of electrochemical sensors based on two carbonaceous structures: diamond-like carbon (DLC) and carbon black (CB). In the first case, porous DLC films were synthesized over a VACNT (Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes) substrate. The idea of this proposed strategy was to develop an electrodic material combining the conductive properties of carbon nanotubes and the physical and chemical advantages of DLC, eliminating the necessity of use DLC doping procedures and with the generation of a totally carbon, porous and high surface area material. The electrochemical and electroanalytical performance of the porous DLC:VACNT was evaluated towards the determination of analytes of biological (paracetamol, dopamine and epinephrine), pharmaceutical (paracetamol, codeine and caffeine) and dermatologic (hydroquinone) interest by square-wave voltammetry or flow injection analysis with amperometric detection. In the second part of the work, it was focused on the development of modified electrodes based on CB. In this sense, it was evaluated its use as a modifier of glassy carbon electrodes in a individual or combined form with other nanomaterials, namely, ionic liquids and metallic nanoparticles. The proposed modified sensors were applied in the determination of compound of pharmaceutical, food and environmental interests.
Produção de ácidos orgânicos radiculares de cana-de-açúcar submetida ao estresse por alumínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Pessoa, Juliana Gilbert; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2209647627069589
There are prospects of increases in the productivity of the sugarcane crop with the suitability of the varieties to the edaphoclimatic zoning. Several restrictions on the expression of the genetic potential of the varieties are attributed to the high saturation by phytotoxic aluminum (Al3+) in the soil, which prevents the expansion of the sugarcane root system. This is a typical characteristic of highly weathered acid soils. One of the mechanisms of Al3+ tolerance is associated with the production of organic acids (OAs) by the roots. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the production of citric, malic and oxalic acids by roots of sugarcane seedlings exposed to Al3+ stress in solution. Mini grinding of two sugarcane varieties (RB928064 and RB855156) were pre-sprouted in vermiculite under greenhouse climatic conditions. After 25 days, seedlings were screened for higher sprout uniformity and better vigor pattern, followed by root system washing. In the laboratory, the seedlings were transferred to 30 L containers for immersion of the root system in complete nutrient solution. The set was maintained at room temperature, with simulated photoperiod of 12 h, light intensity of 4.5 klux and continuous aeration of the solution. After six days of acclimatization, 25 seedlings of each variety were selected. These had the initial root length measurement (Ci) and they were submitted to treatments with increasing doses of Al (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μmol L- 1) in individualized tubes, with the same environmental conditions of the acclimation phase. The pH of the solution was adjusted daily (pH = 4.0 ± 0.2) with 0.1 mol L-1 HCl, to guarantee the predominance of the Al3+ species. After six days of exposure to Al stress, the final length (Cf) of the roots was measured. Root growth (cm) was estimated as Cr = Cf - Ci. Samples of fresh root tissue were ground in 80% ethanol, filtered, subjected to ultrasonic treatment and centrifuged. The supernatant was evaporated at 55°C and resuspended in distilled water, before ultrafiltration. Samples of the solution were collected to determine the OAs contents. The extracts were analyzed in a high performance liquid chromatography system for the identification and quantification of citric, malic and oxalic acids. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with factorial scheme 2 (varieties) × 5 (doses of Al3+) and five replicates. The results of Cr and OAs contents were submitted to analysis of variance, with Tukey post-test (p <0.05) and regression analysis as a function of increasing doses of Al in solution. Both varieties produced OAs (malic> citric > oxalic), even in the absence of Al3+. The variety RB928064 produced higher concentrations of citric, malic and oxalic acids. The production of citric acid in the root tissue of RB928064 was induced by 1500 mol L-1 of Al3+. It was adjusted by a quadratic polynomial regression model (R2 = 0.74; p <0.01). The malic acid and oxalic acid production were not induced by the Al3+ stress. Therefore, it was considered a strictly varietal characteristic. The highest proportion (57% to 94%) of the contents of OAs produced by the varieties was maintained in the root tissue, except for the variety RB 855156, which exuded 69% of the total oxalic acid produced. The total contents (root tissue + exudate) of citric acid produced by RB928064 as a function of Al3+ doses was estimated by a linear regression model (R2 = 0.43; p <0.01). Cr of RB928064 was not altered by increased Al3+ stress and Cr of RB855156 variety decreased starting at 1500  mol L-1 of Al. RB928064 variety was considered more tolerant to Al3+ stress than RB855156. Al tolerance allows the expansion of the sugarcane root system to deeper layers of the soil, reducing the susceptibility to water stress and increasing the nutrient exploitation capacity. It is a feature that allows the allocation of RB928064 in more restrictive production environments, maintaining its productive potential.
Construção de uma unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa para o ensino de ondas mecânicas e eletromagnéticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Silveira, Jean Alves; Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277; Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9615287142725315
In this work it is proposed the production of a Potentially Significant Teaching Unit to work concepts related to waves with high school students. A general presentation of the main ideas of Ausubel was made, pointing out how the theory can be applied in a didactic sequence. Demonstrations have also been made on how the physical terms of mechanical wave equations are similar to the electromagnetic wave equations. The didactic sequence presents several didactic tools such as the construction of experiments, works with texts and evaluations. The registration of the applications of these activities, as well as the analysis of the impressions of the application are reported in its own chapter. Finally, it is proposed the creation of material directed to high school teachers to facilitate the approach of this theme in classes, taking as a theoretical reference the meaningful learning of David Ausubel.
Implementação do sistema de cristalização superficial induzida por laser em vidro de composição eutética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Nunes, Ângela Santana; Andreeta, Marcello Rubens Barsi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7904227795652627; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2538917171479509
The radiation from lasers has been successfully applied to materials processing such as drilling, cutting and welding, sintering of ceramic oxides, surface heat treatment, directional solidification of single crystal fibers and texturing of crystalline compounds. The characteristics that make the laser radiation attractive to surface heat treatment processing are its coherence and collimation, which allowed the spatial control of the thermal energy. The modification of the material´s surface is dependent on the composition of the sample, the power of the laser and the radiation exposure time. Thus, the efficiency of crystallization, scalability and the possibility of local heating are some of the main attributes of laser crystallization. In addition, the laser can be used to induce crystallization on an amorphous substrate. Low cost of production is the main feature offered by laser crystallization to become an ideal solution for many industrial applications. A laser writing system can lead to the development of devices that can operate in aggressive environment like an acid or at high temperatures. Thus, the present work has the objective of developing versatile, low cost and programmable laser writing system, which allows the superficial heat treatment in glasses. In this work a CO2 laser source was used, which allowed the production of superficial crystallization. For the study of the developed system, it was chosen an eutectic composition glass (system LiO2.SiO2-CaO.SiO2), as the material model, in order to verify the control of the microstructure. After the crystallization the identified crystalline phases were calcium and lithium metassilicate, independent of the laser scanning speed. The microstructure formed and the depth of the heat affected zone shows a dependency with the laser scanning speed. Finally, it was found that the average interphase spacing obeys a similar relationship described by Jackson and Hunt for the solidification of eutectic systems, that is, by controlling the laser scanning speed it is possible to control the formed microstructure and thereby obtain the control of the final properties of the material.
Estudo das propriedades ópticas do nanocompósito de dissulfeto de molibdênio e nanofibrilas de celulose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Camilo, Antonio Carlos Eleutério; Longaresi, Rafael Henriques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0191932527256862; Menezes, Aparecido Junior de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0484426340349483; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5554774196865651
Studies on nanocomposite dicalcogenated transition metals (TMDs) with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), called TMD-CNFs, are still scarce in the literature. Among the TMDs, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) has great application versatility. MoS2 nanocomposite was obtained with CNFs (MoS2-CNFs) and their optical properties were studied by spectral and microscopic techniques. MoS2 monolayers were obtained with CNFs by sonication in aqueous medium and centrifugation. It was demonstrated by the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta Potential (ZP) analyzes that the sonication process is efficient to obtain a MoS2 monolayer (m-MoS2) and cellulose can be used as a stabilizer of the monolayers, reaching average size of 270 nm for MoS2 and 700 nm for MoS2-CNFs in colloidal suspension, with -37.92 mV of ZP in 20% v/v of added CNFs. It has been found that the CNFs agglutinate on the surface of the MoS2 flakes by Van der Waals forces. Through AFM analysis, the average thickness of 5 nm for the MoS2 flakes was found. It has been shown that the MoS2 presents 2H geometry because it presents a second harmonic emission (SH) null in paired monolayers. UV/VIS spectroscopy analyzes shows that the addition of cellulose caused significant improvements in the absorption bands of the MoS2 monolayers (m-MoS2), similar as a single MoS2 monolayer. Morphological analyzes of the MoS2-CNFs composite indicate that this occurs because the addition of the CNFs reduces the disorientation of the MoS2 flakes. Strong fluorescence (FL) and second harmonic generation (SHG) were found in m-MoS2 through Confocal Microscopy (CM) analyzes. The presence of few m-MoS2 on the surface of the MoS2 flakes justifies the high fluorescence emission of the nanocomposite. Results indicate that addition of CNFs results in loss of fluorescence. However, the amount of SH regions increases as a function of fluorescence.
A interdependência linear do poder calorífico superior em função da análise imediata em materiais lignocelulósicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-01) Silva, Diego Aleixo da; Pádua, Franciane Andrade de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4350770083480722
The chemical characteristics of lignocellulosic residues influence the quality of biofuel. Higher heating value (PCS) and proximate analysis (volatile matter (TMV), fixed carbon (TCF) and ash content (TC)) give information of the biomass for burning. In literary works it is common for authors to create PCS models based on proximate analysis. However, the linear correlation of these variables is not well demonstrated. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze the correlation of PCS as a function of the variables of the proximate analysis of different lignocellulosic biomasses. The work was divided into chapters. Chapter 1 presents a literature review on biomass, energy characterization, standard, correlations between PCS and proximate analysis. In Chapter 2 was tested whether there is a difference between the use of different TMV standards. In Chapter 3 a database was created for different pyrolysed biomasses. The bivariate correlations between the PCS and the variables of the proximate analysis were analyzed. With sub-objectives of this chapter residual biomass of Eucalytpus urograndis pyrolyzed in different temperatures (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 ° C). Ten different lignocellulosic materials were also pyrolyzed at 300 ° C for two hours. In the first sub-objective, the influence of temperature on the energy characteristics of the same material (PCS, TCF, TMV, TCF and Thermal Degradation Time (DTT)) was tested, and in the second, the influence of different materials on the energy characteristics was tested. In Chapter 4, a database for "in natura" biomass was created. The bivariate correlations between the PCS and the variables of proximate analysis were tested. With sub-objectives of this chapter 10 "in natura" biomass were collected and the accuracy of six PCS models of the literature were tested. Energy characteristics were analyzed in addition to bulk density (DG) and peak thermal degradation (PDT). The influences of these parameters were analyzed through a linear correlation matrix. A general conclusion was given in Chapter 5. The results showed that care should be taken when comparing TMV standards, since four different standards resulted in values with different mean values for the same material. Only two standards presented sames values to 5% of siginificance. The literature data showed a linear population correlation between PCS and TCF for different pyrolysed biomasses, however there is no correlation between PCS and TMV. The use of different temperatures in the pyrolysis of a same material improved the energetic characteristics of the material. There was also a positive linear correlation between DTT and PCS and TCF and a negative linear correlation with TMV. For different materials DTT did not correlate with any analyzed variable. Only TCF and PCS presented positive linear correlation when considering different pyrolysed biomasses. It is concluded that there is linear interdependence between the PCS and the variables of the proximate analysis for different "in natura" biomasses. And there is linear interdependence between PCS and TMV for different pyrolysed biomasses under the same conditions.