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O efeito do ensino de relações de equivalência sobre o comportamento de culpabilizar vítimas de estupro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-18) Freitas, Júlia Castro de Carvalho; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2363353387134418
In our society, rape is usually seen as an act that a strange man uses physical force to sexually assault a woman who clearly resists to his moves. This conventional view implies that people only label as “rape” a situation that matches this description, although it doesn’t cover the diversity of circumstances and behaviors found among rapes. Especially when a rape situation doesn’t fit into the stereotype, the rape victim is commonly blamed for this act. From the stimulus equivalence paradigm viewpoint, it can be said that the rape victim and the concept of responsible are part of the same equivalence class. Many studies have been done since the 1990’s aiming to reverse socially relevant equivalence classes and had unsatisfactory results. However, an experiment conducted by Mizael et al. (2016) reached positive results on the racial biased pre-experimental classes reversion. The present study used a similar method and had the goal of investigating the effect of teaching new stimulus classes on the rape victim blame behavior. The participants responded to three instruments in pre and post-test phases: an attribution of responsibility scale, a rape myth acceptance scale, and the IRAP. These instruments aimed to identify biases related to people and circumstances involved in rapes. The results showed that the training produced the formation of the new equivalence classes in the majority of participants, which means a modification in the pre-experimental classes. This change affected self-report instruments, but not on IRAP. Differences between the results of the two kinds of measure can be explained by contextual control.
Treinamento de força realizado até a falha muscular versus não falha: efeitos na massa, força, ativação e arquitetura muscular de homens jovens treinados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-18) Silva, Natalia Santanielo; Libardi, Cleiton Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2849423258149874
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of resistance training (RT) performed to muscle failure (RT-F) or non-failure muscular (RT-NF) on muscle mass, muscle architecture and activation in trained young men. Thigh lean mass (TLM), vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), architecture and 1-RM test were assessed at baseline (pre) and after ten (post) RT weeks. EMG amplitude assessment was performed after 10W RT. 14 young trained men participated in the present study were (23 ± 2.3 years, 171.7 ± 5.0 cm, 73.9 ± 5.8 kg). All protocols were similarly effective in increasing TLM (RT-F: 6371.7 ± 629.7 g to 6867.7 ± 657.8 g, RT-NF: 6401.1 ± 587.8 g to 6798.4 ± 610.0 g; P < 0.0001) and CSA (RT-F: 32.9 ± 5.3 cm2 to 37.7 ± 5.6 cm2, RT-NF: 33.1 ± 5.8 cm2 to 37.5 ± 6.6 cm2; P < 0.0001) from pre- to post-training. Both protocols showed significant increases in 1-RM values from pre- to post-training for 45° leg press (RT-F: 237.5 ± 21.6 kg to 290.0 ± 40.2 kg, RT-NF: 237.5 ± 32.9 kg to 299.9 ± 41.4 kg; P < 0.0001), leg extension (RT-F: 55.6 ± 8.6 kg to 73.2 ± 9.8 kg, RT-NF: 56.3 ± 9.5 kg to 73.8 ± 8.4 kg; P < 0.0001), and leg flexion (RT-F: 53.5 ± 8.0 kg to 64.3 ± 6.4 kg, RT-NF: 51.57 ± 7.9 kg to 63.2 ± 6.8 kg; P < 0.0001). EMG amplitude showed no significant differences between protocols (P > 0.05). In relation to the muscular architecture, both the pennation angle (PA) (TF-F: 22.5 ± 3.8º for 25.5 ± 3.8º, TF-NF: 23.1 ± 2.5º for 26.0 ± (P <0.0001) and the muscle fasciculus length (FL) (TF-F: 5.5 ± 0.53 cm for 6.0 ± 0.5 cm; TF-NF: 5.5 ± 0,5 cm for 6.0 ± 0.6 cm, P < 0.0001) showed significant increases from pre to pos-training. In conclusion, RT-F or RT-NF are equally efficient in promoting increases in muscle hypertrophy, and muscle strength, EMG amplitude, and muscle architecture.
O reflexo barostático em teleósteos: controle cardiorrespiratório, influência do habitat e padronização do Método da Sequência para avaliação do ganho barorreflexo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-18) Armelin, Vinicius Araújo; Nielsen, Tobias Wang; Florindo, Luiz Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797832406818407; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9483179037044768
The regulation of arterial blood pressure by the baroreflex is a sine qua non condition for the maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion and for the prevention of organic lesions in most vertebrates. Fish, as well as other gnathostomates, regulate PA by adjusting heart rate and systemic vascular resistance, altering these variables in a manner inversely proportional to changes in PA. Concomitantly to these cardiovascular adjustments, some tetrapods also exhibit ventilatory adjustments inversely proportional to changes in PA, supposedly to enhance gas exchange in these animals’ respiratory surface. However, whether such ventilatory reflex responses based on PA occur in teleosts remains to be elucidated. In addition, despite the countless evidences on the presence of cardiovascular baroreflex responses in teleosts, no broad and robust description of these adjustments was performed in these animals. In this context, the present study aimed to: (1) verify the existence of baroreflex control of ventilation in teleosts; (2) perform the first broad and robust description of the baroreflex control of heart rate in teleosts, putting it in perspective with other species of different habitats, with emphasis on the influence of terrestriality on the evolution of the baroreceptor reflex; and (3) validate and standardize an alternative-complementary method for evaluating baroreflex sensitivity in teleosts, which is less invasive than the pharmacological method that constitutes the current paradigm for this task. To achieve the first objective, pharmacological manipulations of PA were performed in order to allow the evaluation of cardiac and possibly ventilatory baroreflex responses in the teleost with bimodal respiration Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. To achieve the second objective, identical pharmacological manipulations of PA were used to evaluate the cardiac baroreflex in exclusively aquatic teleosts (Hoplias malabaricus and Oreochromis niloticus – incapable of conducting terrestrial incursions) and amphibian teleosts (Clarias gariepinus and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus – capable of conducting terrestrial incursions). Finally, in order to reach the third objective, the pharmacological method for evaluation of cardiac baroreflex used to complete the previous objectives was employed in H. malabaricus and O. niloticus, as well as the alternative-complementary non-pharmacological method called "Sequence Method", for validation and standardization of this new approach for use in teleosts. The results demonstrated that: (1) unlike tetrapods, the teleost P. hypophthalmus does not present a respiratory component in the barostatic reflex, suggesting that the baroreflex control of ventilation evolved less than 450 million years ago, after the Actinopterygii-Sarcopterygii separation; (2) teleosts have a baroreflex control of heart rate as responsive as that of tetrapods, in addition, teleosts that perform terrestrial incursions (C. gariepinus and H. unitaeniatus) present greater baroreflex sensitivity and capacity to respond to hypotension compared to strictly aquatic teleosts (H. malabaricus and O. niloticus), suggesting that terrestriality represents an important driving force for the evolution of a more sensitive baroreflex in vertebrates; and (3) the Sequence Method provides reliable estimates of baroreflex sensitivity in teleosts, providing results similar to that of the pharmacological method, constituting an important alternative or complementary method for evaluation of baroreflex function in these animals.
Complexos de cobre (II) de bases de Schiff prolínicas aplicados como inibidores e miméticos funcionais da enzima Urease e à formação de 1,2,3-triazóis 1,4-dissubstituídos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-18) Castro, Caio Bezerra de; Marques Netto, Caterina Gruenwaldt Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8042236152815373; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0836763426125555
In this work five Schiff base-type ligands derived from a series of reaction steps were synthesized starting from the amino acid L-proline, in which four of them are novel and were completely characterized by 1H, 13C, HSQC and HMBC 13C – 1H NMR techniques. Five new Cu (II) complexes were synthesized from the coordination of CuCl2 with the Schiff base ligands derived from the amino acid L-proline. These complexes were characterized by mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, conductivity, electron spin resonance, ultraviolet and visible infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Based on the techniques discussed, it was possible to verify the tridentate coordination mode of the ligands in the form of phenolate as well as the assumption of only one chloride ion in the coordination sphere. The CuIIL2 complex was initially applied as a urease inhibitor derived from Canavalia ensiformis using the Berthelot method for detecting ammonia formed. It was observed that the complex inhibits urease in the millimolar range, however, the complexes themselves proved to be effective for ammonia formation through urea. The kinetic behavior of these complexes proved to bedependent on the organic solvent, acetonitrile or methanol. Finally, we explored the copper (I) azide - alkyne catalyzed reaction for the production of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles starting from 1-azido-4-nitrobenzene by modifying terminal alkynes such as phenylacetylene, hex-1-yn and pent-4-yn-1-ol. The complexes were capable of producing the required triazoles in yields of up to 72%.
Forma política e a crítica ao Estado em Marx
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-18) Oliveira, Isabela Alline; Maar, Wolfgang Leo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8746615407370574; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7940078959457228
This work intends to investigate Marx’s critique of the State and how starting with this critique the author establishes a presupposition to think the political forms of organization of society according to the true democracy (wahre Demokrastie) as condition to think the idea of emancipation. Therefore the notions of revolution and historical-dialectical materialism are fundamental elements for reflecting the dichotomy between State and civil society characteristic of modern society for the author.
Melhoria de serviços públicos: aplicação da abordagem Lean para redesenho do processo de emissão de diplomas de pós-graduação em uma IFES
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-18) Romano, Larissa Aparecida; Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4764545827081850
Public organizations tend to be more bureaucratic and because of that, they pay more attention to the control of procedures and observance of standards, and less attention to the achievement of results. The Lean approach provides tools and techniques for process improvement, guided by customer value creation (increased effectiveness) and elimination of activities that do not contribute to the creation of value (increased internal efficiency). In this regard, the Lean approach can contribute to improving the quality of public services – which are a source of dissatisfaction and questioning – and encompasses the fiscal constraint scenarios that have been imposed on the public sector worldwide. However, as an approach developed for manufacturing processes, the consulted literature presents the proposition that it is necessary to adapt the techniques and tools offered by the Lean approach to its application in administrative or service processes in public organizations. Therefore, the main goal of the present research was to investigate the ways in which the Lean approach can be applied to the analysis and improvement of the issuance process of graduate degree diplomas of the Federal University of São Carlos and it was guided by the following specific objectives: discussing the state of the art regarding the application of the Lean approach focused on administrative or service processes, especially in public organizations; mapping the current state of the issuance process of graduate degree diplomas of the Federal University of São Carlos using Lean approach; analyzing the current state of this process, using Lean approach; identifying opportunities and proposing improvements for this process, using Lean approach; and reporting and discussing the application of the Lean approach to the improvement of the studied process. The methods used were the systematic literature review (SLR) for the definition of the conceptual-theoretical structure, aiming at understanding the state of the art on the subject; the case study to direct data collection of the field research, using as sources of evidence: participant observation, records in files and documents. SLR has shown a lack of Lean approach studies related to administrative or service processes applied to public organizations. The Value Stream Mapping (VSM) of the current state and the VSM of the future state were built, enabling the proposition of improvements to the studied process, based on principles and Lean tools. The VSM of the future state has enabled - besides decreasing the verified lead time of the current VSM state -, the reduction of the process lead time variability considering the processed batch and a reduction of possible flows, which happen due to ruptures, exceptions and constant rework. The use of the Lean approach, aiming at improving the process of the case study object, it was possible to discuss the adjustments to the Lean approach that were necessary for its application in this investigation: administrative process and service in public organization.
Conhecimento e capacitação para a prática legislativa: um estudo sobre as atividades da escola do legislativo de Araraquara
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-18) Lazaretti, Paulo Augusto; Carvalho, Angela Maria Carneiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3860073481051842; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0518723799934854
The objective of this work was to identify and analyze the activities offered by the Legislative School of the Araraquara and its benefits for citizens and servants. The fact that, every four years, society is faced with an increasing number of candidates seeking for a position of councilor in many Brazilian cities, and realize that there is no adequate preparation for such candidates to perform their functions in a way that to satisfy the population satisfactorily, since they lack, among other things, capacity and political knowledge, was what motivated this research. The Legislative School aims to improve, specialize, train and inform councilors, civil servants and civil society by offering lectures, conducting courses, establishing agreements with public and private universities and specialized institutions. Through bibliographic, field and documentary research, this work seeks a survey of norms, pedagogical activities, political-pedagogical project, main partners, courses, lectures, activities offered since its creation (Law No. 7,964 on June 12, 2013) until the year 2016. to demonstrate the impacts these events have brought to civil servants and society.The results indicate that, in addition to the political training provided by the parliamentary simulation experience, other formative aspects are highlighted in the reports of the graduates, such as analytical capacity, a better understanding of politics and parliamentary activity, and a better quality of services rendered, that there are opinions that the programs have access to the councilmen did not serve to improve the exercise of seeing and did not have continuity for the servants.