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Leveduras como agentes de controle de Alternaria alternata em tomates no pós-colheita: mecanismos, resistência a estresses e formulação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-27) Bosqueiro, Ariane Silva; ; Rosa-Magri, Márcia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8943992959158197
The fungus Alternaria alternata causes rot in several post-harvest crops, limiting commercialization and causing damage to the entire agricultural production chain. The use of biological control agents has been an alternative and the yeasts have characteristics that make them suitable for this use. Understanding the mechanisms of action used by these yeasts, their resistance to different stresses and finding formulations that guarantee their viability and a good control activity of phytopathogenic fungus, are important aspects to be clarified in this type of approach. The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the mechanisms of action of the yeasts Torulaspora globosa (strain 5S55) and Trichosporon asahii (strain 3S44) involved in the biological control activity, the resistance of these yeasts under different stress sources and their efficiency in formulations in the control fungus Alternaria alternata in tomato. For this, the two strains were tested for the mechanisms of action: production of hydrolytic enzymes (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in vivo test and biofilm formation. Strains culture was evaluated under stress conditions, including different temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C), osmotic stress (0, 3, 6 and 9% NaCl), oxidative stress (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM H2O2) and resistance to mancozeb-based fungicide Manzate WG® (0,1, 0,2, 0,3, 0,4 and 0,5 mg/mL). Formulations containing corn starch and gelatin at 2% were evaluated for adhesion of the yeasts on the fruit surface and, later, the formulation with starch was evaluated in tomatoes to control A. alternata. As a result, the strains presented results only in the production of the enzyme β-1,3-glucanase, and T. asahii (3S44), also presented activity for the formation of biofilm in the in vitro test. T. asahii (3S44) showed to be more resistant than T. globosa (5S55) in all tests, being that the condition that most affected the viability of both strains was oxidative stress. In addition, none could withstood the minimum concentration of mancozeb-based fungicide. The formulation that showed the best result in the fixation of the cells on the tomato surface was with corn starch. When this was used in the control of A. alternata, it showed 15,7 and 42,5% inhibition with T. globosa (5S55) and T. asahii (3S44), respectively. In view of such results, it is possible to state that T. asahii (strain 3S44) presented, in general, better results in relation to T. globosa (strain 5S55) and that both have potential for biological control.
Mindfulness para pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-27) Greve, Ledjane Neves de Oliveira Schaeffer; Machado, Regimar Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1310723429860987; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6264233618694110
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized as an autoimmune systemic disease, progressive chronic inflammation that causes deformity and destruction of the joints, has a negative impact on the autonomy to perform daily activities, quality of life, and triggers cardiovascular, pulmonary, and increased mortality. Mindfulness meditation is one of the practices that assists in the search for integral care and in recent years has attracted the attention of researchers who, gradually, begin to value non-medicamentalized practices capable of promoting physical and mental well-being. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness as a complementary therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: This is a systematic review of the literature of randomized clinical trials. The electronic databases searched were: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PEDro, PsycoINFO, LILACS, Web of Science, clinical trials.gov, WHO-ICTRP. The gray literature was accessed through the Open Gray base. Primary studies evaluating intervention with mindfulness compared to placebo, psychotherapy, or other equivalent strategies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included. Primary outcomes included: symptom management, quality of life, and patient satisfaction. The quality of each study was assessed using the bias evaluation tool provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: Four studies (249 participants) comparing mindfulness with waiting list, cognitive therapy and education were included. All studies were classified as having a high risk of bias in at least one of the domains of the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Studies have shown improvements in the disease activity scores (DAS-28-CRP), morning stiffness, pain, overall patient assessment, depressive symptoms, psychological stress, well-being, improvements in positive and negative affect, decrease in joint counts inflammatory reactions, stress reactivity and catastrophic pain, improvements in reported pain, fatigue, morning dysfunction, anxious and serene affect. Conclusion: Evidence from the present review studies is of low quality, therefore, more robust clinical trials with larger samples are needed in order to know the efficacy of mindfulness for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and this technique can be adopted in the clinical practice.
Os efeitos do treinamento físico, associado ao perindopril, na rigidez arterial de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-27) Miotto, Danyelle Siqueira; Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0601261066749163
Hypertension (HT) is a complex and multifactorial disease considered one of the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is maintained mainly by structural changes in vessels that contribute to increase vascular resistance. Changes in the intrinsic elastic properties of the vessel wall contribute to determine arterial stiffness and may compromise vessel functioning. Currently, arterial stiffness has been considered an important predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Among the antihypertensive treatments, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have been used to improve vessel compliance, however, almost nothing is known about the use of ACEi, associated or not with aerobic TF, on the improvement of arterial stiffness in hypertensive animals. We hypothesized that T associated with perindopril could improve arterial stiffness and HT higher than isolated treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic T, associated or not with perindopril treatment on arterial stiffness, arterial pressure and cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 49 SHR (200-300g) were randomly allocated into 4 groups: 1 / sedentary control (SC, n = 12) 2 / sedentary treated with perindopril (SP, n = 10, 3 mg / kg per day, by gavage) 3 / trained control (TC, n = 13, which underwent treadmill aerobic exercise per 60 days), 4 / trained perindopril (TP, n = 14, which underwent aerobic TF and were treated with perindopril). Ten wistar rats were used as normotensive control. Weekly tail pressure measurements were measured. At the end of experimental protocol, pulse wave velocity (PWV) was performed to analyze arterial stiffness. After measurement of direct arterial pressure (AP), autonomic balance and barroreflex analysis, aorta artery was removed for proteomic analysis and muscle tissues (soleus and left ventricle) for histological analyses. The sedentary hypertensive rats (SC) presented lower body weight (-26.51%) and lower SOL weight (-26%) compared to wistar rats. However, hemodynamic values of SBP, DBP and MAP were elevated (+ 69.61%, 62.33% and 63.53% respectively), as well as VOP (+ 49.35%) and sympathetic nerve activity for vessels (+ 64.33%) when compared to wistar. Spontaneous (non-pharmacological) barroreflex analysis of SC had values of reflex bradycardia (GAIN UP, -43.70%), as well as the sum of reduced reflex bradycardia and reflex tachycardia (GAIN ALL, -42.47%), when compared to wistar. The histological analysis of collagen density was increased (+ 136.80%) in SC rats, whereas C: F (+ 24.34%) was higher in wistar. PWV was higher and treatment with perindopril and / or T were able to reduce it in SHR (-36%, -21% and -46%, for SP, TF and TP, respectively), compared with SC. Media wall AST values were also reduced in the SP (-59%), TC (-55%) and TP (-44%) groups, compared with SC. In addition, LV collagen density was reduced after perindopril (-53%), T (-46%) and its association (-52%). Only trained groups presented higher values of capillary-to-fiber ratio (64% and 37%, for TC and TP respectively). Sympathetic nervous activity to the vessels was also reduced only after T. Proteomic analysis suggested that some proteins that were up regulated after perindopril, were contra balanced by T, through different pathways. Results of this study suggest that reduction of arterial stiffness induced by T maybe associated with renin angiontensin system, since reduction were similar to those after perindopril treatment. Besides functional responses were similar, proteomic results suggest that both strategies act through different protein pathway. Improvements of arterial stiffness may be also associated with local and neural skeletal muscle microcirculation alterationsand both treatments did not determine synergic responses.