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“Lei Seca” e racionalidade. Um estudo sobre o caso brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Moretti, Luciana Cristina Pasztor; Noronha, Eduardo Garuti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7414639445899689
Since 2008, when the first “Dry Law” came into force in Brazil, drivers’ awareness and attitude have undergone several transformations, the main one being the habit of not driving after drinking. In this dissertation, I present and analyze the changes carried out in the various “Dry Laws” in the years 2008, 2012, 2016 and 1017, their legal implications, both criminal and administrative, as well as their consequences in the decision making of the agent, the driver. This scenario is exposed based on the theoretical-methodological approach proposed by Jon Elster, with its explanation for mechanisms and its own rationality, including the individual's “irrational behavior”. Thus, a debate on the “Dry Laws” is conducted and highlights its parts and gears, its actors and its failures, mainly that, even with continued improvements, it is still the law itself, its text, understanding and fulfillment, which brings the sensation of impunity for society, which demands progress and efficiency of public policies.
Caracterização de células estromais mesenquimais multipotentes cultivadas na presença de uma molécula moduladora da expressão de ciclo-oxigenase-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Rosario, João Pedro da Cruz; Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2426157257540389; Haddad, Simone Kashima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9528645605164487; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1413059299727089
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are stem cells used in therapeutic applications due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory potential. These cells exhibit paracrine activity, which releases soluble factors that allow them to manage immune system cells. Among the diversity of factors, prostaglandin E2 stands out, synthesized by MSC after contact with tumor necrosis factor ɑ (TNF-ɑ) and increased expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Our research group developed a large-scale screening qPCR assay based on the TNF-ɑ - COX-2 axis, to select molecules that positively modulate COX-2, and the results pointed to the natural compound indirubin. Therefore, the objective was to carry out a cellular priming to observe the effects of indirubin on the characteristics of umbilical cord MSC (UC-MSC) and to validate the modulatory activity of the compound on COX-2. For this purpose, UC-MSC samples (n=3) were conditioned for 72 hours to three treatments: control condition, 0.25% DMSO and 50μM indirubin. For characterization analyses, cells were tested for morphology, immunophenotypic profile, cell viability and adipogenic differentiation. Subsequently, COX-2 modulation was evaluated through protein expression (Western blot) and gene expression (qPCR). Then, samples were selected for a proliferation assay and an immunomodulation assay, performed by co-cultivating UC-MSC with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, a qPCR analysis of the expression of inflammatory genes by PBMC was performed. The results indicated that priming did not contradict any cell characterization criteria, and that there is no bias in viability or proliferation. The gene and protein modulation of COX-2 was expressed differently between the samples, with “UC-MSC 03” showing gains in both analyses. The co-culture assay indicated that the UC-MSCs control the proliferation of lymphocytes, but it was not possible to affirm the immunomodulatory gain from the treatment with indirubin. And the qPCR of the inflammatory genes indicated expression gains in some targets, which can be used in another immunomodulation approach.
Avaliação da destinação de indivíduos de aves silvestres apreendidas no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Sugieda, Angélica Midori; Silveira, Luís Fábio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5263574197578953; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7934319027920985
Globally, crimes against the environment have been growing at an alarming rate, only trafficking and illegal trade in plants and animals has moved around $ 7- $ 23 billion in 2016. Along with other pressures such as habitat loss, introduction of alien species and degradation of natural environments, illegal trade can drastically reduce the size of populations of the species of interest. Information compiled by IBAMA indicated that 47,895 animals in Brazil were victims of illegal trafficking in 2005, where a little more than half belonged to the group of birds (57%). This study evaluated the data of wild confiscated birds from the Environmental Military Police of São Paulo, as well as the information contained in the infraction notices, in order to understand the flow of seized animals. The 116,011 birds confiscated were distributed in 242 species, and the family with the highest number of individuals seized was Thraupidae, followed by the parrots. The species most apprehended were the Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola), the Double-collared Seedeater (Sporophila caerulescens), the Green-winged Saltator (Saltator similis), and in the family Psittacidae, the Turquoise-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) was the most seized. The vast majority of birds confiscated were not classified as endangered (94% to 95% of individuals), analysis carried out with the Brasilian and São Paulo Red Lists. Most of these confiscated animals were sent to breeders and rehabilitations centers (52.7%), another 23.1% were released in nature and 14.4% were deposited with the lawbreaker. The absence of more rigorous punishments for lawbreakers such as prison sentences and / or confiscation of capital equipment are the causes of the large number of animals that is illegally trade in Brazil, and it is pointed out the need for new and severe laws regulating the protections of Brazilian biodiversity. Since 2001, the number of confiscated animals has been increasing in São Paulo, and discussion and improvement of laws to punish offenders and to improve surveillance and monitoring strategies for the trade in animals is important.
Motivação para o exercício da profissão docente de língua inglesa: um estudo de caso com alunos de um curso de licenciatura em Letras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Pepi, Patricia Carvalho; Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8114247048771907
The last census about higher education careers conducted by INEP has revealed a considerable increase in the number of students starting Education programs that grant teaching credentials, therefore it is considered relevant to evaluate Languages and Literature student-teachers inclination to follow the English teacher career, since the graduation courses role is to propitiate the initial preparation to the teaching profession. To evaluate such inclination, and supported by the literature, we discuss the role of motivation of prospective EFL teachers to pursue the profession (DÖRNYEI, 2011). Besides, other considerations about the role of the initial experience in the undergraduate program are important to this study to ensure a more comprehensive and deeper understanding about the subject. We justify this study accomplishment based on the existing literature gap on motivation to become a teacher, which reveals it as a pertinent theme in Applied Linguistics (AL), for the purpose of contributing to generate relevant information on the highlighted theme. In this context, the present research aims at characterizing the motivation in student-teachers in their final semester of a teacher education course at a public university in the state of São Paulo, which conducts to their choice to become English teachers. The methodological procedure consists of a case study conduction, in which the collected and analyzed data allowed us to identify the determinant elements in the motivation process of the participants to work as teachers, based on their individual experiences.
Estudo das propriedades antimicrobianas de filmes de nanocelulose e nanopartículas de prata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Medeiros, Cassiano Heitor Santos de; Rangel, Elidiane Cipriano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6885205382275380; Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3786429363425253
Silver is an element with widely recognized bactericidal activity. Its use in the modification of materials has been studied for decades and its use goes through different forms of incorporation in the matrices of interest, such as surgical instruments, prostheses, heart valves, tissues, personal hygiene products and food containers. The present work intends to analyze the antimicrobial performance aggregated in nanocellulose films containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanocomposite films were produced through a suspension of vegetable nanocellulose and AgNPs synthesized using sodium citrate as reductant and stabilizer, the technique is based on the adaptation of a filtration system to the vacuum and subsequent drying in a system of own production. The characterization of the nanocomposite films in relation to their antimicrobial properties was performed by means of the disc diffusion technique in triplicate of “test” samples incubated for 24 hours at 35 ºC in Petri dishes cultivated with the strains of microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, present in outbreaks of hospital infection. UV-Vis analyzes were conducted on the aqueous suspension of AgNPs indicating the presence of particles ranging in size from 35 to 50 nm. The average thickness of the films removed from the drying system at 3 days and 7 days of curing was 112 ± 7 μm and 93 ± 5 μm, respectively. Results of silver atomic concentration had a mean value of 0.18 ± 0.07% with maximum concentration of 0.29 ± 0.09%. After measuring the inhibition halos formed, with an average value of 7.2 ± 0.2 mm against S. aureus and 7.7 ± 0.3 mm against P. aeruginosa, it was possible to observe successfully the antimicrobial effect in NC-AgNPs films obtained. Other techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, contact angle and infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflectance were also conducted to determine the morphology, wettability and functional groups characteristic of the films.
Desenvolvimento de procedimento analítico para a caracterização de resíduos eletrônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Bezana, Thiago Berti; Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3042631344517717
In the production of printed circuit boards large amounts of base and precious metals with high purity are used in their composition. The growing generation of electronic waste together with the scarcity of mineral resources around the world demand the development of technologies that allow minimizing the environmental impact caused by the disposal of these wastes as well as the extraction of mineral resources from nature. In this context an analytical procedure was developed for elemental analysis of silver, gold and copper. Sample preparation includes steps of grinding, homogenization and representative sampling, followed by microwave-assisted acid digestion. Silver, gold and copper, were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Grinding tests of samples indicated as the best alternatives to obtain particles with particle sizes smaller than 0.150 mm, a combination between cryogenic mill, ideal for sample fractions with high amount of polymers and resins, and vibrating cup mill, used for sample fractions with high amounts of metals. The techniques of homogenization by conical stacks and division by pyramidal longitudinal stacks were efficient to obtain representative samples. This technique allowed representative samples to be obtained by taking into account standard deviations 6-fold lower for Au concentrations. After microwave-assisted acid digestion, analytes were determined by ICP OES. A complete 33 factorial design was carried out to evaluate effects of the following variables: sample mass, acid mixture and heating program. The experimental conditions that led to the best results based on the efficiency of the digestion procedure focused on the target metals was the use of 10 mL of aqua regia, 750 mg of sample and heating at 230 °C with ramp of 8 min and plateau during 30 min. ICP OES was efficient for determination of Ag, Au and Cu in e-wastes. Palladium determination was affected by spectral interferences caused by Fe and Ar for the two most intenses emission lines. The developed analytical procedure was adequate and complied with the demand of the project. The limits of detection of the developed procedure were: Ag – 0.0035 mg kg-1, Au – 0.0288 mg kg-1 and Cu – 0.0017 mg kg-1, and the concentration ranges obtained to printed circuit boards of desktop computers e-waste were: Ag - 290 mg kg-1 ; Au - 90 mg kg-1 and Cu - 18%.
Ternary nanocomposites based on cellulose nanocrystals, conductive materials and electrospun fibers applied in sensors for detection of heavy metals in water
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Teodoro, Kelcilene Bruna Ricardo; Corrêa, Daniel Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3203774759570089
The monitoring of water resources destined for consumption is a subject of outmost importance for population and ecosystems life quality maintenance. The degradation of these resources with heavy metals, usually associated with the improper disposal of industrial wastes, is a current issue in Brazil and in the world. The use of strategies arising from nanoscience and nanotechnology can help the development of sensor devices able to provide a rapid and reliable diagnosis of water quality. In this sense, the present thesis reports the development of nanostructured chemical sensors with nanocomposites composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) electrospun fibers, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and conductive materials, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The studies revealed the possibility to use CNC as green reagent in the stabilization, reduction and dispersion of conductive species. In this way, CNC were added to AgNP and rGO syntheses, and the resulting hybrid materials were characterized in terms of morphology through scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, FEG-SEM and TEM), and chemical composition using techniques as UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and FTIR, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The hybrid materials CNC/AgNP and CNC/rGO were, subsequently, combined with PA6 electrospun fibers. The different possible strategies for combination of these materials were evaluated and the resultant nanocomposites were characterized in terms of morphology by SEM and FEG-SEM, composition by spectroscopy FTIR, interaction between components by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ability of charge transfer by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). These nanocomposites were applied in the fabrication of sensing platforms which, making use of electrical and electrochemical techniques, enabled the detection of heavy metal ions even under low concentrations. The sensing platforms resultant from distinct combinations of CNC, AGNP and PA6 were arranged to compose an impedimetric electronic tongue. Capacitance data were statistically interpreted using multivariate data analysis, whereby it was possible to classify solution containing lead(II), cadmium(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and pure water. The same sensing array enabled distinguishing pure water and lead solutions under concentrations as low as 10 nmol. L-1. The sensor platform based on CNC, rGO and PA6 was applied to the electrochemical detection of Hg(II). With the use of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), it was possible to detect mercury (II) in the range of 2.5-200 μM. The developed sensor was stable, selective and showed limit of detection of 0.52 μM.
Educação e formação humana: direito à educação e classes multisseriadas no meio rural brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Santana, Dilsilene Maria Ayres de; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9164058412503084
L’offre de l’Éducation de Base en classe multi-âge – regroupement d’enfants d’âges différents et, généralement, conduit par un seul professeur – est une réalité qui fait partie des systèmes scolaires de tous les pays. Au Brésil, les classes multi-cours ont une forte présence dans le milieu rural, malgré cela, ces classes sont considérées, tant par l’imaginaire social que par les politiques d’éducation, comme étant un detour de la salle de classe considérée idéale: urbaine et monoclasse. D’après les évaluations institutionnelles, les classes multi-niveaux sont les responsables de l´echec scolaire des étudiants. Pour justifier sa tendance à faire disparaìtre les classes multi-âges, le pouvoir publique tient compte des résultats de ces évaluations. Cette recherche a pour objet d’étude l’offre de l’Éducation de Base en classe multi-âge au milieu rural brésilien. La méthode historico-dialectique et la pédagogie historico-critique sont les bases de cette recherche. Le but de l’étude a été celui de faire une réflexion/discussion dans laquelle l’éducation de base est considérée comme étant un droit publique subjectif. La recherche a un caractère bibliographique et analyse les données du Censo Escolar/MEC/INEP pour démontrer la chute de l’offre de l’éducation en classes multi-âge au milieu rural. Ainsi, la conclusion c’est que les limitations résultantes du groupement d’enfants en classes multi-niveaux, par lui même, ne justifient pas l’échec scolaire au milieu rural brésilien. La réponse à cet échec se trouverait dans la finalité de ces écoles dans le système d’éducation et dans ’histoire de l’éducation brésilienne : celles-ci étant déterminées par les rapports socio-économiques d’accumulation de capital. L’étude se soutient dans la compréhension historique que la logique de la production socio-économique au milieu rural brésilien, devenue plus importante dans les dernières années en raison de la mondialisation du capitalisme et de l’expansion de l’agro-industrie, provoque l’exode rural. L’importante réduction de la densité démographique, associée à une chute du taux de natalité, vide le milieu rural brésilien. Ces facteurs ne sont pas, pourtant, des raisons pour la fermeture des écoles.
Enfrentamentos cotidianos das mulheres da comunidade de remanescentes de quilombolas do Cedro - Mineiros - GO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28) Silva, Aline Grigório da; Silva, Jesiel Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1262375754694269; Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669951231066513
This study was carried out in the southwestern region of Goiás, an area dominated by agribusiness. The objective of this study was to investigate daily practices, daily experiences, responsible for the production of commodities with high employment of technologies. It is in this scenario that the community of quilombola remnants of the cedar is inserted. The quilombola communities are scattered throughout the Brazilian territory, fighting and resisting to be able to remain in their territories. women are the main responsible for maintaining the identity traits of the community, which are directly linked to the relationship that residents have established over the years with the cerrado and medicinal plants. The methodological process to answer the objectives of this dissertation had a qualitative character and was developed based on Ethnography a methodology that allowed an approximation of the studied group, during the field work the data collection was made from semistructured interviews with the help of the field notebook which was fundamental for the registration of the researcher impression. It was noted that women in the community increased their participation in the labor market, but that it continues to lead the family. It was possible to find out that transformations are taking place in the patterns of values related to the sociocultural role of women. Women have been divided between domestic, social and political space. Demonstrating engagement to take leadership roles within and outside the community.