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Caracterização de células estromais mesenquimais multipotentes cultivadas na presença de uma molécula moduladora da expressão de ciclo-oxigenase-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Rosario, João Pedro da Cruz
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Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2426157257540389
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Haddad, Simone Kashima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9528645605164487
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are stem cells used in therapeutic applications due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory potential. These cells exhibit paracrine activity, which releases soluble factors that allow them to manage immune system cells. Among the diversity of factors, prostaglandin E2 stands out, synthesized by MSC after contact with tumor necrosis factor ɑ (TNF-ɑ) and increased expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Our research group developed a large-scale screening qPCR assay based on the TNF-ɑ - COX-2 axis, to select molecules that positively modulate COX-2, and the results pointed to the natural compound indirubin. Therefore, the objective was to carry out a cellular priming to observe the effects of indirubin on the characteristics of umbilical cord MSC (UC-MSC) and to validate the modulatory activity of the compound on COX-2. For this purpose, UC-MSC samples (n=3) were conditioned for 72 hours to three treatments: control condition, 0.25% DMSO and 50μM indirubin. For characterization analyses, cells were tested for morphology, immunophenotypic profile, cell viability and adipogenic differentiation. Subsequently, COX-2 modulation was evaluated through protein expression (Western blot) and gene expression (qPCR). Then, samples were selected for a proliferation assay and an immunomodulation assay, performed by co-cultivating UC-MSC with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, a qPCR analysis of the expression of inflammatory genes by PBMC was performed. The results indicated that priming did not contradict any cell characterization criteria, and that there is no bias in viability or proliferation. The gene and protein modulation of COX-2 was expressed differently between the samples, with “UC-MSC 03” showing gains in both analyses. The co-culture assay indicated that the UC-MSCs control the proliferation of lymphocytes, but it was not possible to affirm the immunomodulatory gain from the treatment with indirubin. And the qPCR of the inflammatory genes indicated expression gains in some targets, which can be used in another immunomodulation approach.
“Lei Seca” e racionalidade. Um estudo sobre o caso brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Moretti, Luciana Cristina Pasztor
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7414639445899689
Since 2008, when the first “Dry Law” came into force in Brazil, drivers’ awareness and attitude have undergone several transformations, the main one being the habit of not driving after drinking. In this dissertation, I present and analyze the changes carried out in the various “Dry Laws” in the years 2008, 2012, 2016 and 1017, their legal implications, both criminal and administrative, as well as their consequences in the decision making of the agent, the driver. This scenario is exposed based on the theoretical-methodological approach proposed by Jon Elster, with its explanation for mechanisms and its own rationality, including the individual's “irrational behavior”. Thus, a debate on the “Dry Laws” is conducted and highlights its parts and gears, its actors and its failures, mainly that, even with continued improvements, it is still the law itself, its text, understanding and fulfillment, which brings the sensation of impunity for society, which demands progress and efficiency of public policies.
Desenvolvimento de procedimento analítico para a caracterização de resíduos eletrônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Bezana, Thiago Berti
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3042631344517717
In the production of printed circuit boards large amounts of base and precious metals with high purity are used in their composition. The growing generation of electronic waste together with the scarcity of mineral resources around the world demand the development of technologies that allow minimizing the environmental impact caused by the disposal of these wastes as well as the extraction of mineral resources from nature. In this context an analytical procedure was developed for elemental analysis of silver, gold and copper. Sample preparation includes steps of grinding, homogenization and representative sampling, followed by microwave-assisted acid digestion. Silver, gold and copper, were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Grinding tests of samples indicated as the best alternatives to obtain particles with particle sizes smaller than 0.150 mm, a combination between cryogenic mill, ideal for sample fractions with high amount of polymers and resins, and vibrating cup mill, used for sample fractions with high amounts of metals. The techniques of homogenization by conical stacks and division by pyramidal longitudinal stacks were efficient to obtain representative samples. This technique allowed representative samples to be obtained by taking into account standard deviations 6-fold lower for Au concentrations. After microwave-assisted acid digestion, analytes were determined by ICP OES. A complete 33 factorial design was carried out to evaluate effects of the following variables: sample mass, acid mixture and heating program. The experimental conditions that led to the best results based on the efficiency of the digestion procedure focused on the target metals was the use of 10 mL of aqua regia, 750 mg of sample and heating at 230 °C with ramp of 8 min and plateau during 30 min. ICP OES was efficient for determination of Ag, Au and Cu in e-wastes. Palladium determination was affected by spectral interferences caused by Fe and Ar for the two most intenses emission lines. The developed analytical procedure was adequate and complied with the demand of the project. The limits of detection of the developed procedure were: Ag – 0.0035 mg kg-1, Au – 0.0288 mg kg-1 and Cu – 0.0017 mg kg-1, and the concentration ranges obtained to printed circuit boards of desktop computers e-waste were: Ag - 290 mg kg-1 ; Au - 90 mg kg-1 and Cu - 18%.
Avaliação da destinação de indivíduos de aves silvestres apreendidas no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Sugieda, Angélica Midori
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Silveira, Luís Fábio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5263574197578953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7934319027920985
Globally, crimes against the environment have been growing at an alarming rate, only trafficking and illegal trade in plants and animals has moved around $ 7- $ 23 billion in 2016. Along with other pressures such as habitat loss, introduction of alien species and degradation of natural environments, illegal trade can drastically reduce the size of populations of the species of interest. Information compiled by IBAMA indicated that 47,895 animals in Brazil were victims of illegal trafficking in 2005, where a little more than half belonged to the group of birds (57%). This study evaluated the data of wild confiscated birds from the Environmental Military Police of São Paulo, as well as the information contained in the infraction notices, in order to understand the flow of seized animals. The 116,011 birds confiscated were distributed in 242 species, and the family with the highest number of individuals seized was Thraupidae, followed by the parrots. The species most apprehended were the Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola), the Double-collared Seedeater (Sporophila caerulescens), the Green-winged Saltator (Saltator similis), and in the family Psittacidae, the Turquoise-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) was the most seized. The vast majority of birds confiscated were not classified as endangered (94% to 95% of individuals), analysis carried out with the Brasilian and São Paulo Red Lists. Most of these confiscated animals were sent to breeders and rehabilitations centers (52.7%), another 23.1% were released in nature and 14.4% were deposited with the lawbreaker. The absence of more rigorous punishments for lawbreakers such as prison sentences and / or confiscation of capital equipment are the causes of the large number of animals that is illegally trade in Brazil, and it is pointed out the need for new and severe laws regulating the protections of Brazilian biodiversity. Since 2001, the number of confiscated animals has been increasing in São Paulo, and discussion and improvement of laws to punish offenders and to improve surveillance and monitoring strategies for the trade in animals is important.
Motivação para o exercício da profissão docente de língua inglesa: um estudo de caso com alunos de um curso de licenciatura em Letras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Pepi, Patricia Carvalho
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Augusto-Navarro, Eliane Hercules
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716027350340906
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8114247048771907
The last census about higher education careers conducted by INEP has revealed a considerable increase in the number of students starting Education programs that grant teaching credentials, therefore it is considered relevant to evaluate Languages and Literature student-teachers inclination to follow the English teacher career, since the graduation courses role is to propitiate the initial preparation to the teaching profession. To evaluate such inclination, and supported by the literature, we discuss the role of motivation of prospective EFL teachers to pursue the profession (DÖRNYEI, 2011). Besides, other considerations about the role of the initial experience in the undergraduate program are important to this study to ensure a more comprehensive and deeper understanding about the subject. We justify this study accomplishment based on the existing literature gap on motivation to become a teacher, which reveals it as a pertinent theme in Applied Linguistics (AL), for the purpose of contributing to generate relevant information on the highlighted theme. In this context, the present research aims at characterizing the motivation in student-teachers in their final semester of a teacher education course at a public university in the state of São Paulo, which conducts to their choice to become English teachers. The methodological procedure consists of a case study conduction, in which the collected and analyzed data allowed us to identify the determinant elements in the motivation process of the participants to work as teachers, based on their individual experiences.
Estudo das propriedades antimicrobianas de filmes de nanocelulose e nanopartículas de prata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Medeiros, Cassiano Heitor Santos de
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Rangel, Elidiane Cipriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6885205382275380
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Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089
Silver is an element with widely recognized bactericidal activity. Its use in the modification of materials has been studied for decades and its use goes through different forms of incorporation in the matrices of interest, such as surgical instruments, prostheses, heart valves, tissues, personal hygiene products and food containers. The present work intends to analyze the antimicrobial performance aggregated in nanocellulose films containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanocomposite films were produced through a suspension of vegetable nanocellulose and AgNPs synthesized using sodium citrate as reductant and stabilizer, the technique is based on the adaptation of a filtration system to the vacuum and subsequent drying in a system of own production. The characterization of the nanocomposite films in relation to their antimicrobial properties was performed by means of the disc diffusion technique in triplicate of “test” samples incubated for 24 hours at 35 ºC in Petri dishes cultivated with the strains of microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, present in outbreaks of hospital infection. UV-Vis analyzes were conducted on the aqueous suspension of AgNPs indicating the presence of particles ranging in size from 35 to 50 nm. The average thickness of the films removed from the drying system at 3 days and 7 days of curing was 112 ± 7 μm and 93 ± 5 μm, respectively. Results of silver atomic concentration had a mean value of 0.18 ± 0.07% with maximum concentration of 0.29 ± 0.09%. After measuring the inhibition halos formed, with an average value of 7.2 ± 0.2 mm against S. aureus and 7.7 ± 0.3 mm against P. aeruginosa, it was possible to observe successfully the antimicrobial effect in NC-AgNPs films obtained. Other techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, contact angle and infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflectance were also conducted to determine the morphology, wettability and functional groups characteristic of the films.
Enfrentamentos cotidianos das mulheres da comunidade de remanescentes de quilombolas do Cedro - Mineiros - GO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Silva, Aline Grigório da
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Silva, Jesiel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1262375754694269
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Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384
This study was carried out in the southwestern region of Goiás, an area dominated by agribusiness. The objective of this study was to investigate daily practices, daily experiences, responsible for the production of commodities with high employment of technologies. It is in this scenario that the community of quilombola remnants of the cedar is inserted. The quilombola communities are scattered throughout the Brazilian territory, fighting and resisting to be able to remain in their territories. women are the main responsible for maintaining the identity traits of the community, which are directly linked to the relationship that residents have established over the years with the cerrado and medicinal plants. The methodological process to answer the objectives of this dissertation had a qualitative character and was developed based on Ethnography a methodology that allowed an approximation of the studied group, during the field work the data collection was made from semistructured interviews with the help of the field notebook which was fundamental for the registration of the researcher impression. It was noted that women in the community increased their participation in the labor market, but that it continues to lead the family. It was possible to find out that transformations are taking place in the patterns of values related to the sociocultural role of women. Women have been divided between domestic, social and political space. Demonstrating engagement to take leadership roles within and outside the community.
Educação e formação humana: direito à educação e classes multisseriadas no meio rural brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Santana, Dilsilene Maria Ayres de
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9164058412503084
L’offre de l’Éducation de Base en classe multi-âge – regroupement d’enfants d’âges différents et, généralement, conduit par un seul professeur – est une réalité qui fait partie des systèmes scolaires de tous les pays. Au Brésil, les classes multi-cours ont une forte présence dans le milieu rural, malgré cela, ces classes sont considérées, tant par l’imaginaire social que par les politiques d’éducation, comme étant un detour de la salle de classe considérée idéale: urbaine et monoclasse. D’après les évaluations institutionnelles, les classes multi-niveaux sont les responsables de l´echec scolaire des étudiants. Pour justifier sa tendance à faire disparaìtre les classes multi-âges, le pouvoir publique tient compte des résultats de ces évaluations. Cette recherche a pour objet d’étude l’offre de l’Éducation de Base en classe multi-âge au milieu rural brésilien. La méthode historico-dialectique et la pédagogie historico-critique sont les bases de cette recherche. Le but de l’étude a été celui de faire une réflexion/discussion dans laquelle l’éducation de base est considérée comme étant un droit publique subjectif. La recherche a un caractère bibliographique et analyse les données du Censo Escolar/MEC/INEP pour démontrer la chute de l’offre de l’éducation en classes multi-âge au milieu rural. Ainsi, la conclusion c’est que les limitations résultantes du groupement d’enfants en classes multi-niveaux, par lui même, ne justifient pas l’échec scolaire au milieu rural brésilien. La réponse à cet échec se trouverait dans la finalité de ces écoles dans le système d’éducation et dans ’histoire de l’éducation brésilienne : celles-ci étant déterminées par les rapports socio-économiques d’accumulation de capital. L’étude se soutient dans la compréhension historique que la logique de la production socio-économique au milieu rural brésilien, devenue plus importante dans les dernières années en raison de la mondialisation du capitalisme et de l’expansion de l’agro-industrie, provoque l’exode rural. L’importante réduction de la densité démographique, associée à une chute du taux de natalité, vide le milieu rural brésilien. Ces facteurs ne sont pas, pourtant, des raisons pour la fermeture des écoles.
Ternary nanocomposites based on cellulose nanocrystals, conductive materials and electrospun fibers applied in sensors for detection of heavy metals in water
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-28)
Teodoro, Kelcilene Bruna Ricardo
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3203774759570089
The monitoring of water resources destined for consumption is a subject of outmost importance for population and ecosystems life quality maintenance. The degradation of these resources with heavy metals, usually associated with the improper disposal of industrial wastes, is a current issue in Brazil and in the world. The use of strategies arising from nanoscience and nanotechnology can help the development of sensor devices able to provide a rapid and reliable diagnosis of water quality. In this sense, the present thesis reports the development of nanostructured chemical sensors with nanocomposites composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) electrospun fibers, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and conductive materials, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The studies revealed the possibility to use CNC as green reagent in the stabilization, reduction and dispersion of conductive species. In this way, CNC were added to AgNP and rGO syntheses, and the resulting hybrid materials were characterized in terms of morphology through scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, FEG-SEM and TEM), and chemical composition using techniques as UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and FTIR, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The hybrid materials CNC/AgNP and CNC/rGO were, subsequently, combined with PA6 electrospun fibers. The different possible strategies for combination of these materials were evaluated and the resultant nanocomposites were characterized in terms of morphology by SEM and FEG-SEM, composition by spectroscopy FTIR, interaction between components by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ability of charge transfer by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). These nanocomposites were applied in the fabrication of sensing platforms which, making use of electrical and electrochemical techniques, enabled the detection of heavy metal ions even under low concentrations. The sensing platforms resultant from distinct combinations of CNC, AGNP and PA6 were arranged to compose an impedimetric electronic tongue. Capacitance data were statistically interpreted using multivariate data analysis, whereby it was possible to classify solution containing lead(II), cadmium(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and pure water. The same sensing array enabled distinguishing pure water and lead solutions under concentrations as low as 10 nmol. L-1. The sensor platform based on CNC, rGO and PA6 was applied to the electrochemical detection of Hg(II). With the use of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), it was possible to detect mercury (II) in the range of 2.5-200 μM. The developed sensor was stable, selective and showed limit of detection of 0.52 μM.
Efeitos da fotobiomodulação e do exercício de carga constante na sensibilidade barorreflexa, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial no diabetes mellitus tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Milan-Mattos, Juliana Cristina
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7618794015038906
Study 1 Aim: to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic control through time and frequency techniques in a moderate-intensity constant-load exercise session in healthy and diabetic men. Methods: We evaluated 39 men (40-64 years) divided into 2 groups: GDM2 (n=20, DM2 diagnosis) and GC (n=19, without DM2 diagnosis). The participants performed a 10 min of rest (REST), then the volunteer was positioned on a cycloergometer to start the constant workload test (1 min rest, 3 min warm-up, 6 min exercise at constant workload - EXERCISE, 6 min of cool down, 1 min of rest) followed by a 10 min of rest (RECOVERY). The workload exercise corresponded to 80% of the VO2GET (gas exchange threshold) identified by a previous cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The electrocardiogram R-R intervals (BioAmp FE132) and the peripheral pulse pressure (Finometer PRO) signals were continuously collected throughout the protocol. Stable sequences of 256 points were selected for REST, EXERCISE and RECOVERY. Time domain analysis for the heart rate (HR), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability (µ: mean and σ2: variance) and BRS (sequence method), as well as the frequency domain analysis for the HR, DAP, SAP variability (spectral analysis) and BRS (cross spectral analysis) were performed. Results: GDM2 presented lower values of μRRi and higher values of HR, higher value of low frequency in normalized units (LFnu – iRR) and more negative phase (LF) in RECOVERY compared to REST. Conclusion: GDM2 presented cardiovascular autonomic control impairment in RECOVERY, evaluated by HRV and BRS. Study 2: Aim: evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cardiovascular autonomic control, analyzed by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) (sequence method) during constant workload exercise and recovery in diabetic men. Methods: Eleven men with DM2 (40-64 years) were evaluated. The constant workload exercise protocol was performed on two different days, with a 14 days interval, to guarantee the PBM washout period. Participants were submitted to PBM (150J/300J/placebo) by light emitting diodes (LEDs), followed by the exercise protocol and equipment described in study 1. PBM was applied to the quadriceps femoral and triceps surae. Stable sequences of 256 points were selected for REST, EXERCISE, and RECOVERY. The BRS was calculated in time domain according to the sequence method (αseq). The comparison between the energies (150J/300J/placebo) and the condition (REST, EXERCISE and RECOVERY) was performed by the Two-Way Anova repeated measures test. Results: There was no interaction between energies and conditions. There was only the effect of the condition (p <0.001), showing that the behavior of αseq was similar regardless of energy. Conclusion: the PBM, previously applied to constant workload exercise test with moderate intensity in DM2, was not able to promote changes in the cardiovascular autonomic control, leading to an improvement of BRS.
O processo de implantação do Ensino de 1º grau instituído pela Lei n° 5.692/71 na rede escolar paranaense: uma análise da documentação do Conselho Estadual de Educação (1971-1975)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Estacheski, Joice
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5670780017794373
This is a quali-quantitative study based on documental research aiming at analyzing historically the implementation process of elementary schooling instituted by the Law nº 5.692 of 11th August 1971, with the purpose of understanding the historical conditions in which it was enacted in the State of Paraná. The analysis was carried out through the study of Technical Opinions by the Education State Council, issued after assemblies held between 1971 and 1975. Since the Military Government Education Reform, instituted by the 1964 civilian-military coup, enabled the extension of mandatory schooling from 7 to 14 years old, it included legally great part of the population in the institutional formal education process. A legal right that, up to that moment did not assist many of the individuals in the Brazilian society as a whole, therefore, it was necessary to investigate the quantitative relations in which this process was developed. It is a fact that the capitalist production mode, as well as the social organization resulting from it, determines public policies in general. Thus, we sought to understand the historical context in which the civilian, military coup occurred, and the consequent need to establish a new teaching organization, since the government system instituted through agreements with the United States of America aimed, through the education process, to qualify workforce for the expansion of the industrial development in Brazil. Enlightened by Fernandes (2005), Ianni (1984), and Alves (1984), we sought to establish the historical constitution of the Brazilian elite, to evidence their interests towards the State organization and the need to promote the civilian-military coup of 1964 and, consequently, their actions regarding the Education Reforms. Therefore, by carrying out the historical analysis of the education policy created, based on Saviani (2008), Cunha and Góes (1991), and Germano (1993), we evidenced the relations between the politics structured at the time and the urgent need of reforms to guarantee viable strategic conditions to the “national development”. Taking into consideration the strong influence of the Human Capital Theory in the structure of the national education project, we analyzed that concept based on Schultz’s ideas (1973) which were incorporated to the political discourses and to the individuals’ formal education process from the 5th year of elementary school on, when the right to mandatory 8 years of schooling were instituted aiming at qualifying those individuals to the job market, directing them to a compulsory professionalization, and how this project influenced other forms of the school organization, such as teachers’ education and the structural, physical and material conditions of the schools in Paraná. This research collaborates with the academic field, mainly regarding education policies in the history of Brazilian education for pointing out that, even if those policies have been put forward as attainment of rights, in this specific case, the access to eight years of schooling, the capitalist structure led the education process so that it would remain focused on the interests of the elite, since, as a general rule, public education and schooling were destined to the children of the working class, they were established only under precarious conditions, consequently limiting those students access to culture and scientific knowledge.
Anfíbios do Legado das Águas-Reserva Votorantim, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Lucas, Marcelo Stéfano Bellini
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São Pedro, Vinícius de Avelar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404103190291423
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Carmassi, Giulianna Rondineli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1483021311370862
The Atlantic Forest is one of the richest centers of global biodiversity and also the most threatened. Despite this, have an expressive biodiversity, with high rates of endemism, related to a variety of microhabitats. The great loss of original forest and intense forest fragmentation are mostly due to anthropogenic action, leaving only 8.5% of its original forest cover. The protection of the remaining forest is a responsibility of public and private Conservation Units (UCs) that are a refuge for the diversity of the biome. The Conservation Units created and managed by private sector (RPPNs) has gained increasing importance in the conservation effort, completing government conservation efforts. The amphibians are among the most diverse and threatened vertebrate group on the planet and, about 7.7% of its species are present in the remaining area of the Atlantic Forest Domain. In the last years, the population decline of these animals has become a notorious worldwide phenomenon whose main causes seems to be: global climate change, disease spread and, mainly, habitat loss. The amphibian’s biodiversity in Brazil is among the largest in the world and in the Atlantic Forest are registered 529 anuran species, found in all the phytophysiognomies of the biome. Legado das Águas are located at south of São Paulo state and have 31.000 ha, considered the largest area of Atlantic Forest under private protection in the country, representing about 1.5% of all remaining fragments of this biome. This work had as objective to present the anurofauna of Legado das Águas – Reserva Votorantim, SP, in order to describe the distribution pattern of the species and the habitat use in the forest reserve. Samplings were carried out between December 2016 and November 2017, in monthly campaigns, through three different methodologies: visual search, auditory search and tadpole’s collection. Samplings were performed during the day and night period, at ten permanent points, added with occasional records. A total of 44 species were recorded in 9 families: Brachycephalidae (3 spp.), Bufonidae (3 spp.), Craugastoridae (1 spp.), Hylidae (23 spp.), Hylodidae (3 spp.), Leptodactylidae (6 spp.), Microhylidae (1 spp.), Odontophrynidae (2 spp.) and Phyllomedusidae (2 spp.). Species richness remained higher in the rainy season and the species presented seasonal pattern. Most of the species registered are typical of forest environments and with arboreal habit, with vocalization sites in marshes and / or lakes. At one of the permanent sampling point were collected specimes belonging to the Hylodidae family for which identification was made through genetic sequencing. The molecular analysis identified two species: Crossodactylus caramaschii e C. werneri. The genetic distance of the sample collected for C. werneri was 1.90%, confirming the occurrence of the species in the studied area, increasing the distribution in 135 km to the south of its present distribution. The studied area presents an anuran high richness, but the period was not enough to register all the species with occurrence for the area, which point to the need of other methods combined to increase the possibility of the capture of species.
Papaína imobilizada em partículas magnéticas: novos modelos de triagem de ligantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Leandro, Cleiton Silva
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3185301813080236
Cathepsins, human lysosomal enzymes, are associated with the development of various diseases, and cruzaine is an important enzyme in the development of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, causes Chagas' disease. Cysteine proteases, cathepsins and cruzaine, are known as papain-like, due to their structural similarities and catalytic mechanism. Papain is a commercial enzyme, inexpensive and stable, and thus, it has been used as a model for screening assays for cysteine-proteases’ ligands. As the classical assays for these enzymes are spectrophotometrically-based, herein a direct method for measuring the enzymatic product of the reaction using liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry is described. For that, new reaction conditions were employed. Under this condition, in solution papain showed a KM of 52.9 ± 3.12 μM. For developing new assay conditions and considering the advantages of use of immobilized enzymes, papain was covalently immobilized on to magnetic particles (P-MB), producing a bioreactor with a KM of 34.9 ± 3.59 μM. For qualifying P-PB screening assay, 10 known cysteine protease inhibitors including acridones, quinolinones, flavonoids, and dipeptidyl nitriles were screened. Maltose was used as a non-binder of papain. With the exception of maltose that showed no inhibitory capacity, in the solution assay (2,1 x 10-3 U) the percentage of inhibition ranged from 13 to 100%, while with P-MBs (1,4 x 10-3 U) the inhibition range was from 34 to 85%. Ligand Fishing assay, papain bioreactors showed affinity for all known binders of cysteine proteases, and no affinity for maltose. Six of them presented expressive affinity only ratio for the active P-MB, with no retention to inactive P-MB control. The other four binders varied their affinity ratio in the range of 2.0 to 3.5. With the ethanolic extract from the stem of Melia azedarach, 11 compounds were fished, among them catechin and epicatechin. The results herein described demonstrates that papain bioreactors can be used for screening cysteine-proteases’ ligands.
Liberdade de expressão em democracias: discursos e sujeitos em redes de comunicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Oliveira, Hulda Gomides
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5875459666335277
In this research we develop an analysis of discourses on freedom of expression constructed in different historical moments (antiquity, modernity and contemporaneity), trying to understand how discursive processes constitute subjectivities in democracies. Thus, we are interested not in a study of the occurrence of the terms "freedom of expression", but rather a discursive diagnosis, in the wake of Michel Foucault, of the dynamics raised in diverse conditions of "free expression", which emerged historically, names: freedom of speech, freedom of communication, freedom of ideas and opinions, freedom of thought and expression. We have seen that, because of their socio-political nature, they are discourses crossed by a series of other elements that constitute contemporary practices of "free expression", such as: a Western political philosophy, with paradigms about what the subject is and what he can express; subjects that are marked by conditions of a democratic regime and "possessors" of constitutional rights; marked by the very conditions of operation of the communication networks in which they are involved, either by the architecture of these networks, which allows practices according to a given spatial arrangement, or by dynamics that at the same time make express and silence. Thus, we consider some common places important for the construction of these discourses, and from this we form our corpus of analysis: first, the Greek agora, with the happening of the polis, considered as the place in which it would be the "free citizen to expressing "- for this, we analyze two texts, Aristotle's Politics, and Pericles' Prayer for the Dead; secondly, modern France, with the event of the French Revolution, which through the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (material we have analyzed), with a manifestly universal claim, would have won the freedom for the "people to express themselves"; Finally, contemporaneity, which with the event of the creation of social networks, on digital platforms, would be experiencing the democratic apogee of which, now, "anyone can express itself" - in this cut, we analyzed statements inscribed on the Internet, as cyberspace of free expression. For us, this trajectory crosses and constitutes the subjects that express themselves in the social networks of the present, and, precisely considering this, is that we are interested in understanding the formation and the operation of such discursive practices to deconstruct any sacralization of freedom of expression in democracies, either of subjects who express themselves in the name of the city, in the name of men's rights, or in their own name. In order to develop such an approach, we take as an analytical clipping of the present, statements that circulate in Brazil in materialities of Facebook (pronounced as "pronto" and "mimimi"), considering the issue of great circulation in the country at the beginning of the 21st century. Finally, as far as our theoretical perspective is concerned, we assume the parameters of Foucaultian archeogynealogy (as we discussed throughout the text), by enabling us to analyze the relationships between ancient and modern practices that end up objectifying and subjecting the subjects who express themselves in the social networks of the present time, composing, finally, whether by regularities or discontinuities, practices and statements about freedom of expression in the contemporary, through processes of objectification and subjectivation.
Otimização robusta e programação estocástica para o problema de roteamento de veículos com múltiplos entregadores: formulações e métodos exatos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
De La Vega Martinez, Jonathan Justen
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Munari Junior, Pedro Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
In this thesis, we study the vehicle routing problem with time windows and multiple deliverymen with uncertainty. In addition to routing and scheduling decisions, this problem involves deliverymen allocation decisions on each route to reduce costs and service times. Parameters such as customer demands, travel and service times are considered uncertain. Thus, we propose new models of static robust optimization, which incorporate measures to effectively deal with the cost-risk trade-off, and new models of two stage stochastic programming with recourse to address this problem. Usually, when applying the concepts of robust optimization and stochastic programming, the number of decision variables and constraints grow significantly in terms of instance size. Consequently, the larger the instances, the greater is the computational effort required to solve the resulting models with general purpose solvers. However, computational effort can be significantly reduced if appropriate exact methods are developed that take advantage of the resulting robust and stochastic models’ structure. For this reason, we propose exact methods based on branch-and-cut and branch-price-and-cut, which are effective to solve literature instances. Numerical experiments based on these instances and risk analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation indicate the potential of static robust optimization to address the trade-off between cost and risk. These experiments also reveal that this approach provides good results, even without complete knowledge of some probabilistic measure of the uncertain parameters. Regarding stochastic programming, the numerical experiments show that it is possible to save important resources by solving the two stage stochastic programming model with recourse rather than adopting simpler strategies based on the expected value. To the best of our knowledge, there is no studies in the literature that have addressed the problem under study in this thesis, with uncertainty in demands, as well as in travel and service times. We believe that developing models and effective solution methods to address the vehicle routing problem with time windows and multiple deliverymen are original and relevant contributions to the state-of-the-art literature, opening up new fields for future research not only for the problem under study, but also for other variants of vehicle routing problem.
Estudo da incorporação de nanopartículas de óxido de zinco e pentóxido de nióbio em polietileno linear de baixa densidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Dantas, Ana Paula Silva
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Marconcini, José Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3504205986574268
Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is one of the most widely used materials in greenhouse covering, due to its low cost and transparency to photosynthetically active radiation up to 80%. However, this polymer also presents high transparency to ultraviolet (UV) and infrared radiation (IR), which is undesirable to the quality of the plants. In this context, the objective of this project was to study the addition of ZnO and Nb2O5 nanoparticles in LLDPE matrix aiming a potential application as greenhouse covering. Firstly, the nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal (ZnO) and hydrothermal (Nb2O5) synthesis, and their optical and structural characteristics were evaluated. Secondly, the composites were processed in an internal mixer, followed by hot pressing to obtain films, whose structure and optical, thermal and mechanical properties were characterized. The structural characterization showed no phase related to impurities of the nanoparticles, and the optical analysis reviewed that both nanoparticles absorbed UV and IR radiation. The microstructures of the composites showed that both nanoparticles agglomerated in the LLDPE matrix, but only ZnO nanoparticles presented a good distribution. Films containing ZnO had an increase in absorption of UV and IR radiation relative to LLDPE films; however, films containing Nb2O5 did not show a significant increase of these optical properties. The incorporation of nanoparticles also decreased crystallinity, but with an increase in thermal stability. The mechanical properties tended to increase for the composites containing ZnO; however, the addition of Nb2O5 significantly reduced tensile strength and elongation at break due to the presence of agglomerates.
Eletrocerâmicas de BNBK dopadas com tântalo: processamento, fenomenologia e propriedades de armazenamento de energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Quiroga, David Antonio Barbosa
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Silva Junior, Paulo Sergio da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7418621942217628
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2669823237330082
Global energy demand for high energy storage capability materials associated with the search for lead-free electroceramic materials with suitable properties for applications has become the major topic in functional materials research. In this context, bismuth sodium titanate (Bi0,5Na0,5TiO3, BNT) ceramics have attracted great attention by mimicking some characteristics of dominant material in applications, lead zirconate titanate (PbZr1-xTixO3, PZT).Starting from two compositions belonging to morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the ternary system xBi0,5Na0,5TiO3 - 0, 72(1 - x)Bi0,5K0,5TiO3 - 0, 28(1 - x)BaTiO3 (BNBK100x, x = 0, 86 e 0, 88), the Ta-doped (0.01, 0.015 and 0.02 mol) ceramics processing conditions have been optimized and the influence of this cation on the structural, morphological, electric, mechanical and energy storage properties of Ta-doped ceramics was evaluated. From the structural viewpoint, the stabilization and coexistence of the tetragonal phases with different symmetries was obtained with Ta doping. The BNBK86Ta100α and BNBK88Ta100α ceramics morphology were affected by the Ta doping, being the average grain size decreased with increasing of the Ta content. In the comparative analysis of the dielectric and mechanical responses were identified the temperatures of three anomalies and phenomenologically described as: Td, related with the ferroelectric long-range ordering loss and the tetragonal to pseudocubic phase transition beginning; TRE associated with the paraelectric transition and Tm related to the maximum value of the real part of dielectric permittivity, where Td < TRE < Tm. A strong dependence of the height of Tm anomaly with Ta content was observed, being the Tm peak height reduced with the Ta increasing. From charge compensation mechanisms which occur with the Ta5+ ion substitution in BNBK ceramics, we conclude that the Ta doping reduces the oxygen vacancies concentration, give rise to experimental evidence which that Tm anomaly should be related with the interfacial polarization created by oxygen vacancies mobility. The ferroelectric properties of the Ta-doped ceramics showed that the Ta doping reduces the long-range ferroelectric ordering, resulting in the relaxor state stabilization at lower temperatures when compared with the pure BNBK system. On the other hand, the results of the energy storage densities showed an efficiency enhancement as a function of Ta content, resulting in exceptional values of the order of 90% with good thermal stability at high temperatures.
A expressão do sujeito surdo por meio da escrita em língua portuguesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Souza, Christianne Thatiana Ramos de
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5947879244550162
The teaching and learning process of writing for and by the deaf is a topic of great interest in the area of research on the education of the deaf. There is a concern about the problems regarding the teaching of Portuguese as a second language, with the quality of the written production of the deaf, with the provision of resources that help the teaching and learning of writing and about the problems of learning the second language. However, the investigation of the functionality of writing for the development of the deaf, as well as the ways in which this the subject expresses himself through writing is still insufficient. In this sense, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the expression of the deaf subject through the writing in Portuguese as a second language. The specific objectives were: to analyze the process of appropriation of the norms of Portuguese as a second language by the deaf, supported by sign language; analyze the expression of subjective contents through the language written by the deaf. For this we collected diaries and texts produced by two classes of deaf students who attended the eighth and ninth year of elementary school II, in an inclusive school of the Program of Bilingual Education for the deaf. This material was part of the activities carried out during Portuguese language classes as a second language. From an indexical analysis of the diaries and texts, we identify reports of emotions, desires, plans, among other aspects that represent indicators of the internal functioning of the subject. We also analyze the interlocutions between the teacher and the students present in the text of the diaries focusing on the characteristics and intentions of the dialogues. The results indicated that the journals and the texts were means of interlocution, enunciation and expression of emotional contents of the subjectivity of the deaf. Writing as a semiotic means of constitution and expression of the subject, favored communication and the elaboration of knowledge and emotions, as well as mediating the conversion of processes of signification into internal processes that form the basis of consciousness. In order for the deaf to acquire written language and be bilingual, it is necessary to guarantee a bilingual education that actually places both sign language and written language in circulation in the school environment favoring the use of both languages and also the process of signification by the deaf.
Estudo de propriedades estruturais, vibracionais, ópticas e magnéticas em amostras de Pb1-xCoxTiO3: transição de fase induzida por composição, temperatura e pressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Cunha, Thiago Rodrigues da
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Pizani, Paulo Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1038437165007849
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4748634662701381
This work presents a study of the synthesis and characterization of structural, vibrational, optical and magnetic properties of the compound Pb1-xCoxTiO3 (PCoT). The PCoT samples were synthesized using the Solid State Reaction method using a vibratory mill in the range of compositions at x ranging from pure PbTiO3 (PT, x = 0) to pure CoTiO3 (CoT, x = 1), (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), passing through the solid solution region, where the Co ions are diluted in the PT matrix (x < 0.1), advancing to the composite region, where the insertion of Co saturates the PT matrix and the CoT phase begins to form. These samples were initially characterized by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) at ambient conditions (temperature and pressure) to determine the ideal conditions to synthesize each PCoT composition without spurious phase segregation, as well as to quantify the PT and CoT portions formed and analyze the effects of Pb-Co substitution on the structural and vibrational properties of these samples. Through Raman spectroscopy measurements as a function of temperature or pressure, it was possible to determine the influence of the composition on the PT (tetragonal to cubic) phase temperature (TC) or pressure (PC) transition, which presented a minimum of TC and PC at 720 K and 9 GPa, respectively, in the range of 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.5. Through XRD measurements as a function of pressure, it was possible to confirm the effect of the composition on the PC and to estimate the compressibility values and the bulk modulus (B0) for different PCoT compositions, so that B0, initially 103 GPa (x = 0), reduced to 84 GPa at x = 0.5, confirming an improve of compressibility induced by the Pb-Co substitution. Light absorption measurements in the UV-Vis region show that Pb-Co substitution reduces the optical gap of samples from 3.1 eV in the PT (x = 0) to 2.5 eV in the sample x = 0.1, while the CoT sample shows energy gap of 2.6 eV. The analysis of the magnetic properties through measurements of magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature (χ × T) and measurements of magnetization as a function of the magnetic field (M × H), suggest that for low concentrations of Co (x < 0.1) there are a typical behavior of paramagnetic materials, while above x = 0.1 it is possible to observe the presence and establishment of the CoT phase formation due to the confirmation of the TN (38 K), typical of materials with antiferromagnetic order. Furthermore, at T = 5 K samples with composition x < 0.4 exhibit coercive field (HC) and remaining magnetization through M × H measurements, with 1500 Oe of HC, suggesting the presence of weak ferromagnetism at this temperature due to the possibility of interaction between Co ions diluted in the PT matrix.
Simulação computacional do início da precipitação induzida por deformação durante o processamento termomecânico de um aço microligado ao nióbio em resfriamento contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-03-29)
Souza, Antonio Lourenço Batista de
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Balancin, Oscar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8379205949387493
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
Improving the steel processing is a major focus of the metallurgical industry because the need of materials and products with lower weight and more strength, in addition to increasingly stringent specifications imposed by customers. The production of high strength low alloy steel, especially the higher cost ones, has only become possible with the understanding of the physical metallurgy of industrial processing. The knowledge and kinetic control of the phenomena that occur during hot processing such as recrystallization, precipitation and grain growth are mandatory for the grain size refinement, which is one parameter that determines the properties of semi-finished products. Over the years, several ways have been followed to investigate the industrial processing. One can cite as examples the use of pilot plants, physical simulations, and numerical simulations. The study of hot forming assisted by computer simulation is well spread nowadays. The development of materials models trustful enough to reduce cost with prototypes and virtually explore an infinitude of possibilities and thermomechanical loads is of interest of the metallurgical industry. The objective of this study was, therefore, to model the microstructural evolution and thermomechanical behavior of a niobium microalloyed steel during hot forming process, enabling the analysis of how the process parameters such as temperature, strain, strain rate influence the evolution of softening, precipitation and grain size mechanism during processing, using the commercial software DEFORMTM3D developed for forming processes analysis with the aid of subroutines in FORTRAN. The main results of this thesis were not only determining and understanding the plastic and microstructural gradients generated by thermomechanical processing, but also the construction of finite element model that might be useful to others researchers on the investigation of the thermomechanical behavior of new microalloyed steels in the processing products with complex geometry.