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Fatores que influenciam a escolha do modo de transporte para trabalho em cidades de pequeno porte: estudo de caso Cedral - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Castro, Vinicius Renan Fujino
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1204311388774393
Urban mobility is one of the pillars for the sustainable development of cities. However, as a result of the lack of a strategic planning that considers the different transport systems, the saturation of the cities has contributed to the general limitation of mobility. Thus, it is noted that these problems are not restricted to large cities, but are also a reality in small ones (with up to 20 thousand inhabitants). In this context, this research proposed to carry out an investigation about the factors that influence the option for a mode of transport for trips to work in a small city. The methodology used was based on data collection by questionnaires where the factors influencing the decisions of the individuals on the choice of foot, bicycle, motorcycle and car modes for journeys to work were identified. The results indicated that the factors related to the health aspects, comfort, chances of being involved in accidents, chances of being assaulted, economy, being bothered by sun and rain, difficulty finding parking space and environment influence the decisions of individuals.
SENSIA – Procedimentos para avaliação sensorial de atributos climáticos e da paisagem: os sentidos da visão, tato, olfato e audição aplicados ao diagnóstico ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Sanguinetto, Evandro de Castro
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Moschini, Luiz Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3835865857287009
The establishment, permanence and reproduction of a species or population in a given environment is conditioned to some local limiting factors (Liebig's Law of the Minimum), and to the physical-chemical factors within the tolerance range of such species or population (Shelford's Law of Tolerance). Similarly, the more restrictive attributes present in a river basin shall be considered as determinants for the land use and occupation at an early stage. Interventions that would strengthen and improve the availability of initially more restrictive factors or attributes would guide land occupation in an increasingly constructive way, enabling more sustainable, balanced and biophilic relations between built and natural environments. The objective of this research was to develop a rapid, low-cost, efficient, easy to use and scientifically consistent procedure for the diagnosis and quantitative sensorial evaluation of a place and its surroundings landscape, with a view to correlate and make Agroecosystems (agriculture, livestock, forestry and natural ecosystems) and Engineering and Urbanism (infrastructures and urban planning) compatible. In different sampling points of the hydrographic basin or within an area of interest, the aspects of Climate and Bioclimatic Zones, Relief (Relief forms, Declivity, Guidance of Stones, Stones and Rocks, Erosion and Mass Movement), Biota (Flora, Fauna, Soil Coverage, Organic Matter, Odor and Soil Organisms) and Soil (Permeability, Compaction, Structure, Porosity, Color and Tonality, Mottled, Texture and Dry Consistency, Wet Consistency (Agroecosystems), Wet Consistency (Engineering and Urbanism), Plasticity, Tackiness, Disintegration and Dispersion) are evaluated and scored. As a final result, a semaphore numerical framework shows more or less restrictive attributes at each sampling point, composing the basin mosaic and bringing pre-project elements to the decision making process for land use and occupation. A "field notebook" or "field manual", the main product of the thesis, was written in a common language and is accessible to a diverse, technical and non-technical audience, explaining the procedures for the evaluation and score of the 27 attributes associated with the local Climate, Relief, Biota and Soil. Especially to the assessed attributes regarded as more restrictive, technical studies and evaluation by qualified professionals are necessary.
Modelos COM-Poisson correlacionados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Pereira, Glauber Márcio Silveira
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2092333510547457
In this thesis two discrete distributions are proposed: Correlated COM-Poisson (CPC) and Generalized partially correlated COM-Poisson (CPGPC). We have also proposed regression models for the Generalized partially correlated Poisson distribution (PGPC) (proposed by Luceño (1995)). We calculated the probability mass function for all distributions with two parametrizations. The distributions were constructed using the same expansion made by Luceño (1995) in the construction of the correlated generalized Poisson distribution. The CPC Correlated COM-Poisson distribution is the same expansion of the zero-inflated COM-Poisson distribution ZICMP. For the CPGPC Generalized partially correlated COM-Poisson distribution, the characteristic function, probability-generating function, moments, and the maximum likelihood estimation for the two parametrizations were determined. We performed the probability mass function, quantile and random number generator of the distributions quoted in program R.
Levantamento parasitológico em Coragyps atratus Bechstein, 1793 (Cathartiformes, Cathartidae) de vida livre no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga e análise de potencial risco biológico para a saúde animal e ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Spina, Marjory Auad
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Silveira, Luís Fábio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5263574197578953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8077523249641400
Coragyps atratus is a vulture belonging to the Cathartidae family. Its geographic distribution covers the whole American continent and is especially abundant in areas of cities and farms, avoiding regions with dense forest. Due to its eating habits involving mainly decaying carcasses, this species is constantly exposed to pathogens. In addition, among the health problems that are found in birds, it is possible to highlight the parasitic infections that can generate health risk for the individual, as well as to cause a potential biological risk for others of the same species or of different species, considering also the risk of zoonoses due to their proximity to humans. The objective of this research is to perform a survey of parasites in individuals found in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga and to relate their presence with animal health and public health, since little is known about the health profile of this species. Through the capture of 119 specimens of wildlife black vultures, photographic records of the region of the vulture's head were made, weighing and marking of all individuals. Fecal and regurgitant samples were collected and analyzed to search for endoparasites and analysis of feathers and body for ectoparasites. Ectoparasites were registered with mites (Cathartacarus coragyps), mallophages (Falcolipeurus sp. and Colpocephalum sp.), a low number of ticks (Amblyomma sculptum) and hematophagous flies (Ornithoctona erythrocephala). In endoparasites, eggs of trematodes, low amount of coccidia, a larva and a nematode egg were recorded. The black vultures presented a difference in parasite incidence between young and adult individuals with trematodes, being higher in adults and coccidia in juveniles. Through the analysis of the dry and rainy season from February 2018 to January 2019, it is possible to observe a higher parasitic infestation of mites and malophagous during the dry season. The present study contributed to the knowledge of the health profile of the species Coragyps atratus, suggesting not being a vulture with potential biological risk for environmental and animal health, in addition, it provides support for management protocols.
Estudo sobre estabilização de solo com material fresado de pavimentação asfáltica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Araújo Júnior, Luiz Paulo Vieira de
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Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896669593008767
In Brazil, the most commonly used means of transport for people and the locomotion of loads is the road, and the paved roads show that most of them have asphaltic coating, as well as urban roads. However, to maintain these roads under acceptable traffic and safety conditions, regular maintenance or restoration interventions are required. Among these processes for the rehabilitation of the asphalt coating, there is the milling process of the asphalt layer, which consequently generates a large amount of waste that needs a final destination. In this case, the reuse of the milled material is an important topic to be studied, since, besides containing properties that can provide an increase of resistance in the layers of pavement, can reduce the execution costs generating less impacts to the environment, since the material to be discarded will be reused. In addition, it is not necessary to extract the materials from the deposits, as well as the need for no deposit areas. From this scenario, we can highlight that the importance of the present study was to seek an alternative to the reuse of waste. In this sense, we had as objective to evaluate the behavior and performance of the mixtures of lateritic and nonlateritic tropical soils with milled asphalt material for possible use in base layers, sub-base and reinforcement of subgrade of flexible pavements for urban roads. The experimental methodology was carried out according to the following steps: selection and collection of five soils of the region of São Carlos-SP; identification of soils, namely: soils 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; conducting soil characterization tests; and, finally, classification according to the MCT and HRB methodology. Thus, the asphalt milled material was collected and the characterization of the residue was carried out, being the same used in the mixture without any treatment process. The experimental part by means of simultaneous Support California Index (ISC) tests in the Normal and Intermediate compaction energy, in which a variation of percentages of milled material was applied in relation to the pure soils used. The percentages were increased in predefined proportions of 10% in 10% of the recycled material (milling) in substitution to the soil until reaching 50%. The variation of the ISC and the expansion in different moisture contents for the soils purely as for the different mixtures were evaluated. Therefore, based on the results of the tests carried out on the soils analyzed, it was verified that the use of milled material in layers of subgrade reinforcement, sub-base and base of low traffic pavements or urban pavements, can be an alternative technically feasible, provided that the conditions for application are met.
Aplicação de redes neurais artificiais para previsão de demanda e preço de energia elétrica no contexto de cidades inteligentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Laboissiere, Leonel Alejandro
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Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6105721778622459
This research proposed a very short-term forecasting framework electricity price and demand based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Effectiveness forecasting tools are essential to facilitate the decision making process of the stakeholders in the deregulated electricity market. Besides, accurate short-term load forecasting (STLF) and electricity price forecasting (EPF) play a significant part for controlling and scheduling of smart grids, consequently, to ensure effectiveness energy resources of smart cities. For case study, a dataset from Australian National Electricity Market was used. The dataset is formed by historical from climate variables, demand and prices series. It should be mentioned that all of these variables were preprocessed using the Weighted Moving Average (WMA) to minimize the effect of noise on the data and help identify trends. Therefore, ANN input set are made by 66 variables/attributes. Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) algorithm was applied to form the most relevant variable set to STLF and EPF. As a consequence, reduction of 84 to 90% of the number of variables considered. Moreover, WMA of meteorological variables were selected applying CFS. In sequence, 20 executions of training and validation of Multilayer feedforward ANN were made. The best results have mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) from 2.68% to 4.84%, for STLF, and MAPE from 7.06% to 19.01%, for EPF.
Mulheres negras na universidade: trajetórias de vida e dimensão ocupacional do racismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Costa, Aline
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Magalhães, Lilian Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695787131933459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4349858471853519
Justification of the study. Racism can be defined as a system that operates in society and causes avoidable and unfair inequalities in relation to resources, skills and opportunities, to certain groups. This research intended to understand, even with all the difficulties imposed by racial inequalities, such as students black women have joined and stayed at university. Number of participants. The study participated, 3 students from the Federal University of São Carlos, located inside the city of São Paulo- SP, to contemplate the different moments of education, 3 students who declared themselves as representing 3 different moments (undergraduate, master's and doctorate). Collection procedure. Data production was performed using Body Maps a qualitative and intersectional method based on art. Method of analysis of Results. The analyses of the results of this research were performed through analysis based on the technique developed by Braun and Clarke. Main results. The results showed that the motivations they brought and maintain each of these students in the academic space, goes through family, social and political issues. They present several obstacles to their training process, such as coping with the racial prejudice, economic difficulties and the subjectivity of the construction of the his blackness in this space. Final considerations. The research showed the different trajectories of women historically excluded from the formal spaces of knowledge, using a contemporary research methodology and able to make this record in a way that artistic, collaborative and respectful to these stories.
Sensor virtual para estimativa de umidade e temperatura na fase sólida durante processo de secagem em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Paula, Eduardo Rodrigues de
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Freire, Fábio Bentes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
Control systems are used to suppress the influence of external disturbances, to guarantee operational stability and to optimize the performance of chemical processes. Whatever the purpose, the means of controlling a chemical process go through the measurement of process variables and the adoption of different control strategies. Regards drying processes, the humidity and temperature of the solid product are related to the quality and the maintenance of its physicochemical properties. However, the direct measurement of this variable depends on slow, expensive and imprecise processes, especially in particulate systems and in constant movement, such as a spouted bed. A technological alternative is the use of virtual sensors, also known as soft sensors, which essentially have the role of linking simplified models and available measures in order to estimate the value of variables for which a "physical" meter is not available. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop soft sensors to jointly estimate the moisture and temperature of the solid phase during the drying process of granular porous solids in spouted bed, in view of the potential application in control purposes. It was used mathematical models found in the literature for different applications both in relation to the dryer and the material to be dried. For the moisture estimation, a mechanistic-empirical model was adjusted to minimize the difference between the experimental observations and the respective estimates. For the solids temperature, a fundamental model based on the energy balance equations for the solid and gaseous phases was adjusted so that the estimate outlet drying air temperature corresponded to the experimentally measured value. The results obtained for the humidity soft sensor showed good correspondence to the experimental measurements. For the temperature soft sensor, the unavailability of solid temperature measurements prevented a direct comparison between the estimated and experimental values. However, the results obtained were consistent with the heat and mass transfer phenomena that occur during batch drying.
Digital influencers: um estudo sociológico sobre o empreendedorismo digital e a cultura da recomendação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-23)
Souza, Veronica Laveli de
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Escudeiro, Richard Miskolci
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623888309974862
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0561392965894937
This dissertation analyzes the digital influencers that make use of the Instagram platform in the scenario of online sociability enhancement, and the consolidation of the oligopoly business model of the Silicon Valley companies that currently concentrate the use of the Internet in its majority. In spite of the rhetoric of providing services or facilitating the sharing of experiences, these companies base their business model on the maintenance of advertising platforms where the users act as a "co-producer" and "partner" although- often – they are exploited in their creative capacity. The objective of this research is to study how Instagram users negotiate the boundaries between the public and the private, which would elevate them to the position / condition of digital influencers by their ability to influence their followers in the consumption of products, brands and services. As specific objectives, we seek to understand how the identity of digital influencers is constructed by analyzing critically the income, class, and ethnic-racial origin that are behind this construction. Finally, we investigate whether digital influencers can be understood as entrepreneurs by seeking to constitute a kind of "me-company" in a period of high unemployment rates and a decrease in labor rights which gain favor among entrepreneurs.
Comparação do esquema de imunossupressão utilizando o mTOR associado ao inibidor de calcineurina com o inibidor de calcineurina isolado na rejeição crônica do enxerto pós-transplante de pulmão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Souza, Andressa Rodrigues de
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Machado, Regimar Carla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1310723429860987
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2865284256489182
The growth of lung transplantation has been constant throughout the world, and with this, the results presented have been progressively better, both in the short and long term. Despite this reality, some problems of difficult solution limit these programs, such as chronic graft rejection and complications secondary to long-term immunosuppression. The immunosuppressive strategies used in lung transplantation are based on triple schemes, composed of a calcineurin inhibitor, an antimetabolic agent and corticosteroids. A fourth group of immunosuppressants consists of inhibitors of cell proliferation, in particular, mTOR inhibitors. In this sense, this review aimed to compare the immunosuppressive regimen based on a calcineurin inhibitor-associated mTOR inhibitor at reduced dose with the calcineurin inhibitor alone in the chronic rejection of the posttransplant lung graft. In order to do so, we applied the methodological design of systematic review of the literature, through searches in electronic health databases (MEDLINE, Wef of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central, EMBASE and LILACS) and in secondary manual resources. Six scientific articles composed the corpus of analysis for the qualitative synthesis of the results, which referred to three studies named SHITRIT, NOCTET and 4EVERLUNG. The main outcomes were the safety of substitution therapy for calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive therapy by the treatment of mTOR inhibitor with low patient mortality as well as maintaining efficacy in controlling events of chronic graft rejection. The relevance of the data that indicated an improvement in the renal function of the patients when submitted to the therapy with inhibitor mTOR in relation to calcineurin inhibitors was unanimously highlighted. The studies present a high reliability index due to the manifestation of low risk of bias in most of the items evaluated for the assertive conduction of a randomized clinical trial, in addition to presenting an important recommendation force for clinical decision making. In this sense, this systematic review guides a weighting in the use of mTOR inhibitors, considering the greater risk of mortality in the first year of treatment associated with this therapy. For patients with renal dysfunction associated with the isolated use of calcineurin inhibitors, this review "recommends" a change in the therapeutic regimen for the insertion of mTOR inhibitors into calcineurin inhibitors at a reduced dose, considering the imminent risk of mortality of lung transplant patients under renal insufficiency.
Ensino da linguagem oral em contexto familiar: análise de uma ferramenta de observação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Balog, Lívia Gabriela Campos
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1305969857928709
Parents have an important role in their children's language acquisition. A tool which analyzes how parents are teaching language to their children is interesting as a base to the planning of an effective intervention. The present study aimed to analyze the use of a tool called Evaluation Scale of Oral Language in Family Context (Escala de Avaliação da Linguagem Oral em contexto Familiar - EVALOF) as observation tool of daily family interactions, considering (a) children's ages, (b) the kind of activity performed, (c) children's and adult's genders and (d) the number of children and adults present in the evaluated interaction. 45 families with children from zero to ten years old participated in the experiment, filming everyday activities that they perform with their children, as naturally as possible. The interactions were analyzed using EVALOF. It was verified that the score was higher in interactions in which five-year-old children participated, compared to other ages, especially children under one-year-old. The best scoring activity was storytelling, while the lowest scores were in free play. The number of children did not influence the scale score. It was observed that when the number of adults increases, the score decreases. When the interaction was composed by both genders, the score was lower compared to only female and male. Some items did not apply to certain ages and family constitutions and all items were suited to observe the analyzed activities. The use of EVALOF made possible the evaluation of oral language in family context and the tool proved itself useful in the comparison among the different analysis groups (activities, ages, number and gender of adults). The study discusses the usefulness of EVALOF to observe interactions which include very young children or dyads. Further studies may use EVALOF as effectiveness measurement of language naturalistic interventions for parents, and also use it as a base to advise families to develop their children's oral language.
Estudo da produção de etanol a partir de xilose e xilooligômeros usando xilanases, xilose isomerase e levedura co-imobilizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Corradini, Felipe de Almeida Silva
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1435227207179790
The production of ethanol from xylose with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was initiated in the group with the SIF process (simultaneous isomerization and fermentation). This process allows total conversion of xylose, but has been shown to be vulnerable to bacterial contamination. The process of simultaneous hydrolysis, isomerization and fermentation (SHIF) of xylooligomers was then proposed as an alternative for the fermentation of pentoses by commercial yeast. In this process, a xylanase cocktail hydrolyses the substrate to xylose, which, by the action of xylose isomerase, is transformed into xylulose, which is then fermented to ethanol by S.cerevisiae. All reactions take place within the biocatalyst where enzymes and yeast are co-immobilized. It was possible to produce ethanol by this process, but the first tests showed that the substrate conversion was incomplete, requiring investigation of the possible causes of the problem. The inefficiency of the hydrolysis stage, catalyzed by endo- / exoxylanases and β-xylosidase, a non-existent step in the SIF process, was the first hypothesis verified. The need to produce a standard substrate for the study of this reaction stage was the first challenge faced, since birchwood xylan, a commercial substrate previously used, was discontinued. A substrate was then produced in the laboratory from bleached eucalyptus pulp. Xylan was extracted with 4% NaOH solution at 25 °C, precipitated with glacial acetic acid and lyophilized. An autoclave heat pretreatment (15 min, 121 °C, 1 atm) allowed to increase the solubility of the carbohydrate chains. The xylan thus obtained was hydrolyzed by xylanases at the same rate as the commercial birchwood xylan, and made it possible to begin the investigation of the hydrolysis reaction. The observed xylobiose accumulation indicated that the inefficiency of the hydrolysis was due to the low concentration of β-xylosidase in the commercial enzymatic complexes. After cloning the Bacillus subtilis β-xylosidase gene in Escherichia coli, the recombinant enzyme was produced, purified and characterized. The results showed reduced enzyme activity at the process pH and low operational stability. The immobilization and stabilization of β-xylosidase in agarose-glyoxyl support proved to be efficient, as it considerably increased the thermal stability of the enzyme at 35 °C (164x) and 50 °C (3605x), with no significant loss of activity of the derivative after 10 consecutive hydrolysis cycles. The commercial xylanolytic complex Multifect, mainly responsible for the endoxylanase action, was immobilized on chitosan-glutaraldehyde. This technique does not allow a significant increase in the stability of complex enzymes with immobilization, but since soluble xylanases already have good stability at 35 °C, no new protocols have been tested. The obtained derivatives presented recovered activities maximum of 50%. Activity assays at different temperatures did not indicate the presence of diffusive effects, possibly being the enzymatic distortion due to the formation of multiple bonds with the support a probable reason for the 50% loss of immobilization activity. The obtained derivative was capable to hydrolyze the hydrothermal liquor in smaller XOS (X<6), with XOS yields of 56.3% and xylose of 12.9%. The high concentration of xylobiose (28.8 g.L-1) accumulated indicated a need to complement the enzymatic cocktail with more β-xylosidase. Hydrolyses supplemented with β-xylosidase derivative increased yields of xylose to 34.2%, yielding 46.5 g.L-1 xylose and reducing xylobiose to 7.4 g.L-1. The failure to obtain complete conversion of xyloligomers into xylose may be due to inhibitory effects of the product or limitation of the action of endoxylanases by their specificity to the substrate. The results obtained, however, were considered satisfactory for initial studies of the SHIF process. Another possible explanation for the SHIF halt would be the inhibitory effects of calcium ions and / or the hydrolysis reaction byproducts (e.g. XOS) on the action of xylose isomerase. Ca2+ isomerization tests showed that the reduction of the isomerization reaction rate truly occurs, with competition between the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions for the metal site inside the enzyme. The isomerization velocity was affected by X2 only at high substrate concentrations (CS> 50 g.L-1), characterizing the competitive inhibition (R² = 0.99). The isomerization rate was significantly reduced under SHIF conditions (pH 5.6 35 ° C) and was even more affected by the combined effect of the presence of Ca2+ and X2 ions, although the reaction did not completely stop. These effects should therefore not be responsible for the incomplete conversion of the substrate. New assays of the SHIF process confirmed the importance of the β-xylosidase derivative in the biocatalyst composition, with an increase in ethanol production. The addition of more yeast to the reactor increased the consumption of the pentoses and led to an increase in ethanol production to 0.221 g.g-1 and 0.153 g.L-1.h-1), indicating that the SHIF process stagnation could also be related to the reduced speed of xylulose fermentation. It was decided at this point to compare the performance of genetically modified S. cerevisiae with that of commercial yeast in the fermentation of xylooligomers obtained by hydrothermal treatment of sugarcane bagasse. The SHIF process again showed stagnation, reaching only 5 g.L-1 of ethanol. Using the recombinant yeast, the simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation-SHF process is performed, since this microorganism does the in vivo isomerization. In this process, ethanol concentration was increased to 15 g.L-1, generated from xylose already present in the hydrothermal liquor and the partial hydrolysis of xylooligomers. However, with the recombinant yeast stagnation was also observed, with accumulation of xylose in solution. These results thus indicate that the hydrolysis process generates some condition affecting the fermentation. The pH control allowed a small increase of the conversion in the SHIF and SHF processes, but did not prevent the stagnation. After the tests, 95% of the wild yeast and 50% of the genetically modified yeast remained viable. It has been observed that the reduction in fermentation rate may be related to an observed increase in acetic acid concentration generated in the hydrolysis step and which would be affecting both commercial and recombinant yeast. Thus, although it has not achieved full elucidation of the phenomena present in this complex process, this work allowed a great increase in the knowledge of the SHIF process, providing important indications for the necessary continuity of its study, in view of the total conversion of xylooligomers.
A presença das crianças migrantes haitianas nas escolas de Sinop/MT: o que elas visibilizam da escola?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Alexandre, Ivone Jesus
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502752385941894
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4289962123325701
This study, linked to the Sociology of Childhood research line of the Post-Graduate Program in Sociology of the Federal University of São Carlos, sought to understand how the insertion of Haitian children in the public schools of Sinop / MT is happening. The research objectives were to analyze how the migrant children inserts in the school; to find out what the foreigner shows from school and how the presence of the black migrant children make visible the racialization in the school. The methodology used is based on the ethnographic perspective and the methodological procedures were: observations and individual and group interviews with the Haitian children, the parents, teachers, child development techniques and scholarship recipients. The temporal cut included migrant children who came with their parents from 2015 and 2016 to Brazil, to the city of Sinop in Mato Grosso. It was based the theoretical studies on the sociology of childhood, the concept of differences and racial relations, authors such Oliveira and Abramowicz (2010), Abramowicz et al. (2003, 2009, 2011, 2015), Abramowicz (2011), André (2016), Sarmento (2015), Delgado and Muller (2005), Corsaro (2006), Hall (2003, 2014), Woodward (2014) and Louro (2008). About migrant children I had support in Oliveira (2014), Demartini (2004, 2006, 2011), Martuscelli (2015) Siller (2011), Freitas and Silva (2015) among others. About contemporary migration, specifically the Haitian migration to Sinop, the history of Sinop colonization, the history of Haiti and its political emancipation, gave support to the dialogue, among others, the researches of Cotinguiba and Pimentel (2014), Guimarães (2017); Seitenfus (2015), Seguy (2014), Joanoni Neto (2014); Souza (2009, 2011); Thomaz (2010, 2011) Trouillot (2016) e James (2009). The research results point that the impact that Haitian migrant children presence cause in schools occurs because they are perceived by teachers and peers as different and these differences are explicit in their bodies. It is these differences that make visible the way in which the school racializes the migrant children by establishing a hierarchy among the children themselves and within that hierarchy the Haitian children are subaltern. Thus, schools never revise their racist practices and speeches, they cannot take the children’s color off.
O estado da arte nas pesquisas internacionais de governança em cidades inteligentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Figueirôa-Ferreira, Victor Garcia
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Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9310248062481932
The scientific production of several areas of knowledge has been driven by the theme Smart Cities, mainily for its multidisciplinary characteristics. Thus, urban engineering, as an area that interfaces with other areas of knowledge, becomes essential in the analysis of knowledge and practices under the banner of Smart Cities. Therefore, this work makes a bibliometric and bibliographical analysis on this larger theme, however, with specificity in Governance. Using bibliometrical analysis as an initial methodological tool, this work presents a descriptive and quantitative research of the scientific production in Smart Cities, though it is limited to the publications in english-language journals, within the intersection of 1997 and 2017, represented by the scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database. 1886 articles published in renowned journals in that area and 136 in governance within Smart Cities were analyzed, which made possible to obtain the number of articles published per year. The results exhibit the growing interest in this field, demonstrated both by the increase in scientific production throughout the period, by the analysis performed through non-linear regression models and also by the correlation to important world events such as Rio +20 and 2030 Agenda. Subsequently, using the data obtained in the quantitative phase, a qualitative analysis of the main articles of the large area of Smart Cities and of governance in this context was developed. Therefore, this study provides a global perspective of the scientific literature on Smart Cities, through original analyzes in the area.
Quando a infância pede refúgio: os processos de crianças no Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-24)
Lazarin, Monique Roecker
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502752385941894
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3263120793793373
The present research emerges with the global scenario of intensification of displacement of refugees, nevertheless with the attentive look at the great participation of children. In Brazil, there is also an increase in requests for refuge, but there is no data to explain which part of this population includes children. Thus, this research has the objective of mapping out which range off childhood has become a refugee in Brazil, based on the quantitative analysis of the children who make it up. This refugee childhood is understood here as one of the many facets that involve the social phenomenon of childhood contemporaneously. The analysis of the composition is guided by the understanding that such childhood is not only formed by those children who have received recognition of the refugee status by Brazil; it is, on the other hand, constructed from the universe of requests of children that has been made to the country and that are segmented in diverse statuses. This organization is in agreement with the theoretical foundation that conceives refuge as a social process emerged in the governmentality of people: either expelling some of them from their country, as is the moment of emigration, or administering the immigration flows that enter the territories. In other words, the displacements of children are intermediated by migration policies. The methodology used for this purpose is statistical analysis of secondary data, using the table provided by the Comitê Nacional para Refugiados (Conare), which lists the cases registered until April 2016. The research has social and sociological relevance, because it contributes to the understanding of migration flows directed to Brazil, bringing data of great importance to public migratory policies, at the same time that feeds a debate yet little observed by Sociology. About this last aspect, the bibliographical review of the Brazilian articles that deal with the subject portrays that this is not a subject of many debates in the Brazilian researches and, lesser, in Sociology. Thus, by its double aspect, this research brings contributions both to migratory studies as all as to social studies on Childhood. As results, we highlight that the refugee childhood is constituted by the multiplicity: of applicants and of framing for such requests. It is also perceived that the infantile flows of refugees to Brazil do not follow the same pattern of adult flows and should not, therefore, be simply analyzed as a derivation. It is also identified that the refugee immigration of children in the country does not follow the same intensity that occurs at international level, in proportional terms of composition of the age groups of such flow. Another point that the data analysis demonstrates is that the management of these requests, through process judgments, promotes a significant change in the situation of refugee children, by not keeping similar proportions of the universe of child demands within status.
Pré-seleção de fornecedores no contexto de negócios e Indústria 4.0 utilizando MCDA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Spinardi, Maurício
;
Faceli, Katti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451540730749377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6478343724225588
With the current trend of modernisation, automation and data exchange, also known as Industry 4.0, the number of new actors in the corporate environment has grown, along with the need for tools to streamline industrial processes. Computing platforms, such as e-marketplaces, seek to respond to this demand by providing resources to facilitate the initial connection and relationship between clients and suppliers. However, business-tobusiness e-marketplaces still have a number of limitations, such as the high specificity inherent in the supplier selection problem. Considering this problem and context, this study proposes a new approach to supplier selection in e-marketplaces. In this approach, the problem is divided into two stages: pre-selection, carried out by the e-marketplace, and final decision, carried out by the client. Functioning as a filtering process, the aim of pre-selection is to construct a short, pre-processed list of alternatives for the second step – the final decision – to simplify and streamline the client’s analysis. To verify the utility and feasibility of pre-selection, a methodology structured around four main steps was proposed: (1) defining a multi-criteria decision analysis technique, (2) defining pre-selection criteria, (3) validating and defining the respective weights for the pre-selection criteria and (4) defining a proposal for rejecting suppliers. Consequently, this approach streamlines the efficiency of the selection process and improves the maintainability of e-marketplaces.
Percepção dos predadores de ninhos e estratégias anti-predação numa comunidade de aves da Mata Atlântica do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Zima, Paulo Victor Queijo
;
Francisco, Mercival Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5470526061536444
The main cause of annual variations in bird’s reproductive output is the failure of nests resulted from predation. Eggs exposed in open nests, usually have a wide range of colorations, and may coincide with the color of the nest material, which can be considered as a mimetic strategy to avoid predation. Many hypotheses have predicted that nest characteristics and the characteristics of its surroundings also affect nest predation probability, but many of these hypotheses are still poorly tested. One such hypothesis is the ''potential prey-site hypothesis''. In this work we tested the effects of egg color in nest predation, using plasticine eggs with three color patterns, in natural nests of the Blue Manakin, Chiroxiphia caudata, and we extended the theory of the''potential prey-site hypothesis'' by addressing nest-like structures in a Atlantic Forest well-preserved area. For the first experiment we used 78 abandoned nests of the Blue Manakin, 26 with each egg pattern (all white, white with brown spots, and all brown), of which 11 (14.10%) nests were depredated by visually oriented predators: (five with white eggs; four with white eggs with brown spots; and twowith brown eggs). Although there were no significant differences in the probability of predation for each color pattern, there was a growing tendency, in which white eggs had the lowest survival rate, followed by white with brown spots, and finally the all-brown eggs. To address the ''potential prey-site hypothesis'' we first tested if the Blue Manakin could select nesting sites in which nest-like structures, such as tufts of moss and deposits of debris in horizontal forks, were in higher densities, controlled to a set of covariates. Then, we evaluated if the numbers of nest-like structures in nest surroundings were correlated to nest survival, using 42 active nests. Modelings using Generalized Linear Models indicated that nest-like structures and vegetation density were the main covariates explaining nest site choice in this species. However, we found no correlations of nest-like structures to nest survival, which corroborates only partially the ''potential prey-site hypothesis''.
Determinação do equivalente mecânico do calor através de medidas elétricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Dias Junior, Marco Antonio
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Souza, James Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5367947636556389
Scientific experimentation is a practical activity that can be widely used in the classroom to boost the motivation of students for learning Physics concepts. It can also be promising to improve the relationship between teacher and students. Experimentation can be used as a complementary methodology for the theoretical classes of Physics in order to facilitate the understanding of physical concepts usually treated in an abstract and mathematical way. Experimentation can be applied as a demonstration activity, in which the teacher is the mediator of the activity, or an activity performed by the students themselves, aiming the description of a investigated phenomenon. In this work we perform an experiment for the determination of the mechanical equivalent of the calorie through a different approach to the celebrated experiment carried out by James Prescott Joule. Our goal was to introduce new technologies and devices used to monitor the physical properties of the system for obtaining the equivalent between joules and calories through measurements of parameters such as electric voltage and current. Using a solar photovoltaic cell, as a power source, connected to a resistor inserted in an adiabatic calorimeter, we explore concepts such as heat and temperature and the difference between both, energy, analysis and processes of thermodynamic systems, the laws of thermodynamics and the Joule and photovoltaic effects. Our proposal was successfully received by the students, having a motivating and integrative character. It is also promising for the mathematical treatment of the phenomena described through propagation of errors, by plotting and fitting the curve obtained experimentally and the modeling of the system. Our educational product consists of a guide for assembling the experiment and several suggestions of physical concepts that can be approached during the execution of the experiment in a simple and adequate language for high school Physics teachers.
Seleção de fornecedores sob incertezas via otimização robusta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Tavares, Cassiano da Silva
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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Munari Junior, Pedro Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976
This paper studies the problem of selection of suppliers under uncertainties, motivated by the current economic situation of world trade. The fierce search among the organizations for responsiveness in meeting the market demand has been directing efforts for optimization in the supply chain. One of the main links in this context is the supply of raw materials. The rupture of the supply of a raw material can cause the blockade or paralysis of the entire organizational system, leading to an operational failure to meet a demand, damaging the image of the organization to the market. The decision of the best choice of supply has become a vital activity for organizations in the current scenario, as the chain's operational performance is strongly tied to this fundamental link. With this, the decision to select suppliers becomes a very complex activity, requiring a high level of precision and assertiveness. The objective of this work is to develop and apply optimization approaches that incorporate the uncertainties in the context in which the global supply of raw materials is inserted through the Robust Optimization approach. Two models of mixed integer linear programming are proposed for the deterministic problem, from which the robust counterparts that model the problem under uncertainties are obtained. The models were implemented using general purpose optimization software. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the performances of the deterministic and robust models in samples of different scenarios, as well as the level of robustness of the solutions. The computational experiments pointed out that the Robust Optimization approach enhances the robustness of solutions in risk aversion when uncertain parameters are involved. This was evidenced by the level of encumbrance promoted in the values of the solutions when a protection to the uncertainty was employed, since the increase in the optimal value of the objective function in the worst case is always smaller than the deviation of the uncertain parameters.
Políticas agrárias e articulação de escalas: uma análise do ambiente institucional nas compras públicas do município de São Carlos / SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-25)
Khalil, Bárbara El
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Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4923394220818843
The reflections about models of rural development have been present in Brazilian’s reality since the 20th century. But to perform an in-depht reflection of the policies which are aimed to it, continues to be a difficult task. We intend to add efforts in this movement, starting from the process of government purchases avaliation in a small city of São Paulo/SP. The study we developed in this dissertation – “Agrarian policies and scales articulation: an analysis of institutional environmet of government purchases in São Carlos/SP” – has a double objective: to understand how agrarian policies relates to local power, from the experience of government purchases and then, identify how the dialogue between local power, campers and agrarian reform settlers happens in São Carlos. Our main hypothesis sustains that the agrarian question materializes itself in the municipality not only by direct conflict, from the struggle for land, but indirectly, by the action of local power, who turns the access to the agrarian policies more difficult for rural populations. As a secondary hypothesis, we understand that the city government stops to being an agent who promotes rural development and becomes an agent who hampers it. After we made our bibliographic reviews, documentary researches, participant observation, sensitive listening and semi-structured interviews with representative agents, we tested our hypotheses and concluded that local power tends to make difficult for rural landless workers and agrarian reform settlers to access the agrarian policies. The conflict makes itself present in the dialogue between Agriculture and Supply Department, campers and agrarian reform settlers.