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Avaliação de procedimentos de ensino para ampliar a produção oral de sentenças em crianças com implante coclear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Neves, Anderson Jonas das; Almeida-Verdu, Ana Claudia Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3777028853675653; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5369424025807508
Researches in verbal learning of sentences, in cochlear implants’ (CI) users, are recent and suggest the potential of equivalence-based instruction (EBI) and matrix training to promote the symbolic relations, the control by minimal units, the speech accuracy and the verbal productivity, from a minimum set of sentences directly taught. These studies encourage more systematic investigation to explore teaching procedures and contents, aiming at the proposing a curriculum to establish a solid verbal repertoire in children with CI. The present dissertation contributed in this direction with four studies. Study 1 evaluated the effects of two errorless teaching procedures (exclusion and fading out of the visual component in sample) on the learning of the conditional relations between dictated sentences and pictures, the equivalence relations, the recombinative generalization and the speech accuracy in tact, in six children with CI who were readers. The sentences were organized into two matrices (Sets 1 and 2) with nine sentences each; three were directly taught (the diagonals), and six were evaluated in generalization probes. The teaching conditions (fading out and teaching by exclusion) were counterbalanced among the participants, and verbal relations of the two sets were probed in multiple baseline across sets. The EBI included the tasks of the selection of pictures by matching-to-sample (MTS), with teaching by exclusion or fading out; and the tasks of the construction of printed sentences by constructed-response matching-to-sample (CRMTS), conditionally to dictated sentences. Both procedures established conditional relations between dictated sentences and pictures, but the teaching by exclusion generated fast learning and with less errors. Five of the six participants formed equivalence relations, improvement the speech accuracy in picture tact and showed recombinative performances with words of taught sentences. Study 2 simulated a curriculum module, with three sets of sentences, with progressive levels of difficulty (sentences with regular and irregular words, and pseudo-sentences); and six children with CI, readers and who have inaccurate tacts were exposed to this module. The EBI was the same as Study 1 and incorporated teaching by exclusion (more effective). According to probes in multiple baseline, all participants learned the taught relations, increased the accuracy speech in tact, and demonstrated both semantic (symbolic) and syntactic (intra and inter-matrices, receptive and expressive) productivy in the three sets of sentences. Study 3 used the EBI to teach sentences in second language and evaluated the formation of equivalent stimulus classes in Portuguese, class expansion for English sentences, and emergence of verbal operants, for three children with CI and previously readers. Participants learned to select pictures and written sentences, conditionally to dictated sentences, in Portuguese and in English, by MTS and exclusion procedures. They formed equivalence classes in Portuguese, expanded classes for sentences in English and showed accuracy in English-to-Portuguese oral translation; however, oral production in the echoic, reading and tact in English, and in the Portuguese-to-English intraverbal remained inaccurate. Study 4 evaluated whether the teaching of simple discriminations using written pseudo-sentences and abstract figures, with specific consequences formed by dictated pseudo-sentences and representative pictures, would promote the emergence of conditional and symbolic relations, with pseudo-sentence, for three children with CI. Three participants learned the simple discriminations, and conditional and equivalence relations were consistent for two participants. The findings of four studies show teaching conditions that were effective to generate the relational and symbolic learning, the speech accuracy in tact, and verbal productivity of sentences, for children with CI. These teaching procedures and contents may have implications both teaching and auditory habilitation/rehabilitation.
Contribuições sobre o envelope simulado na análise de diagnóstico em modelos de regressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Fernandes, Victor Vinicius; Pereira, Gustavo Henrique de Araujo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4536501674241631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1671975353265972
The simulated envelope is a diagnostic analysis method used to evaluate the hypothesis about the probability distribution assumed for the response variable in a regression model. In this work, we describe some procedures to obtain the simulated envelope and, later, we propose a method to decide if we should reject a model using the envelope. In order to compare our procedure with other proposals, we performed a Monte Carlo simulation study in two classes of regression models. The results indicate that the proposed method presents good performance, since it provides stable rejection rates of the model under the correct distribution. About other methodologies, besides having a higher computational cost, the rejection rate under the correct model increases as the sample size rises. In addition, we also compare the full normal plot and the half normal plot with envelope using Monte Carlo simulations studies. The results suggest that, in general, the full normal plot performs better, especially with the proposed procedure. Finally, we apply our decison method and the other proposals to real data from the National Health Survey (Brazil) of 2013. To these data, our method suggested a different decision from that one provided by the other procedures.
Natureza e cultura na filosofia de Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Rates, Bruno Batista; Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6947290677550050
This thesis investigates the relation between the concepts of nature and nurture (culture) in the philosophy of Henri Bergson (1859-1941). Starting from the diagnosis of the "crisis of philosophy" at the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century, characterized by the predominance of the natural sciences in European intellectual scene, we established two axes that we consider to be the structure of the chosen problem: 1. Bergson's early and constant assimilation of what we can generically call evolutionism; 2. The philosopher's attempt to reconcile two seemingly opposite theoretical frameworks, naturalism (realism) and spiritualism (idealism).
Procedimentos metodológicos em dissertações de mestrados profissionais na área de ciências sociais aplicadas: estudos de casos múltiplos no campo de públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Vitalino, Adriana Lucia; Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9330438553830026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6977987154542790
The objective of this study was to identify the methodological option of the authors of the Master’s Theses of Professional Masters in Public Administration from Federal Institutions of Education, from 2013 to 2016. And contribute with the characterization of the profile of the research in the Professional Masters from the Field of Public Administration Brazilian. In order to identify the methodological approaches used in the master's theses, six categories of methodological analysis were established: research focus (or how to approach the problem), research objective, research strategy, research source / environment, data collection instrument. And nature of the research problem. The study sample comprised 76 master's theses which were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The methodologies procedures used were the bibliographical research, documentary and content analysis and statistics. The results showed that the qualitative approach (42%) was the most used in relation to the qualitative and quantitative studies (34%) and quantitative (24%); the descriptive objectives were found in 49% of master's theses; research strategy case study had the highest number of occurrences, 43 (57%); as to the research environment, it was found that 83% of MSc thesis are of field, the interview (33%), the questionnaire (27%) and multiple instruments (37%) were used as data collection instruments; As to the nature of the research problem, the applied nature was identified in 80% of the master's theses. Analysis of the master's theses showed that the authors prioritized qualitative descriptive studies, of an applied nature, with field research data; and research strategy case study. It is pointed out that the master theses analyzed established a relation to the theoretical elements of this study. It is considered that this study can contribute to the reflection of students, professional programs of the field of public administration and stakeholder other interested about the methodological procedures used in the master's theses and identify opportunities for improvements in research designs. And it points out directions for new research in the Field of Public Administration Brazilian.
Produção de mudas de duas espécies de gramíneas nativas para restauração do Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Oliveira, Ana Carolina Cardoso de; Forti, Victor Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742976162363922; Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6467068715283784
The Brazilian Cerrado is a mosaic of vegetation types, raging from grasslands to forests. Cerrado has been converted and degraded by anthropogenic activities, increasing the need for ecological restoration in many areas. Restoration by planting seedlings is promising, but the efforts for seedling production are currently focused on tree species, not considering herbaceous species. Since grasses are essential in the herbaceous layer of the Cerrado, we tested whether nursery techniques used for tree seedling production would be suitable to produce seedlings of two native grasses. First, we sowed seeds of Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston and Loudetiopsis chrysothrix (Nees) Conert. in seedbeds with Cerrado native soil and sand as substrates and later transferred to definitive containers (30, 55 or 290 cm³) with Cerrado soil, commercial substrate or the mixture of both. Both species accepted the sowing technique, as they germinated under nursery conditions and survival after transfer to definitive containers was greater than 70%. For both species, the seedlings grew more in height and had more tillers when cultivated in the Cerrado soil, in the larger container. In a second experiment, we tested the influence of increasing levels of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on the growth of S. sanguineum seedlings. Seedlings growth increased with the increase in CRF levels, and CRF doses between 4.7 kg.m-³ and 6 kg.m-³ provided higher growth and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium shoot concentration. The Cerrado soil provided higher seedling growth than the non-fertilized commercial substrate, however, lower than the commercial substrate fertilized. We conclude that seedlings of the native grasses L. chrysothrix and S. sanguineum can be produced using tree seedling production techniques currently used in commercial nurseries, and that S. sanguineum growth positively responds to higher nutrient availability in the substrate. Our results confirm the possibility of producing seedlings of native herbaceous species from seed in nursery, increasing the availability of non-tree species for Cerrado grasslands and savanna restoration.
Etograma e protocolo para o condicionamento do papagaio-de-cara-roxa (Amazona brasiliensis) mantido em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Santos, Ana Cláudia Marera dos; Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8308648370635078
Ethology has played an important role in the conservation of fauna in the recent years. Nowadays, behavioral studies help in situ and ex situ conservation actions, becoming an essential tool for reproduction and reintroduction projects, as well as for the management of captive handling and welfare promotion, which have two main goals: the environmental enrichment and the operant conditioning, both of which are highly dependent on the information contained in the species' ethogram. Thus, considering that there is little ethological information about the species Amazona brasiliensis, a parrot threatened with extinction, the present study aimed to describe the ethogram of the species in captivity, from 82 hours of sample effort based on the ad libitum method, resulting in the description of 58 behaviors. It also developed a conditioning protocol for veterinary management, based on 10 pilot training sessions. Thus, tThus, the work resulted in increased ethological knowledge about the species Amazona brasiliensis, to suggest measures to improve ex situ maintenance, aimed at reducing stress during veterinary procedures
Expansão de células-tronco mesenquimais em biorreator single-use com movimento ondulatório visando aplicações terapêuticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Silva, Juliana de Sá da; Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7148964803818935
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are being targeted in different medical areas. The MSCs are present in small proportions in tissues, thus making an in vitro expansion necessary, which allows the therapeutic applicability. The single-use bioreactor technology, such as the Wave-Induced Motion Bioreactor (WIMB), is attractive due to the possibility of controlled and pre-sterilized system operation. However, the unidirectional wave motion leads to the formation of particle deposits (microcarriers and cells) on the Cellbag. The formation of the “dune-like” deposits and the deposits at the Cellbag wall (border region of the liquid) is facilitated by the increase in the hydrophilicity of the Cellbag inner film during culture. This problem impairs the MSC expansion, leading to cell expansion factors (EF) lower than 2.0. The objective of this work was to improve the Wave BioreactorTM 2/10 performance in the adhesion and expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (hUCM-MSCs) and to evaluate the cultures with respect to the expansion potential and the hUCM-MSCs therapeutic profile. The Cellbag design was modified by the implementation of a grid designed in our laboratory and placed on the platform, aiming to reduce the microcarrier deposits. Cultures were performed using CultiSpher-S® and MAG microcarriers with α-MEM culture media (10% v/v FBS). Two approaches were evaluated with the new Cellbag design: 1) adhesion phase in spinner and expansion in the WIMB with CultiSpher-S® (EF: 7.3±1.1 fold) and 2) adhesion and expansion phases in the WIMB with CultiSpher-S® (EF between 6.3 and 25.6 fold) and MAG (EF: 5.5±0.6 fold). The hUCM-MSCs harvested from the WIMB cultures showed the quality attributes. The control cultures in spinner with MAG and CultiSpher-S® and the WIMB cultures with CultiSpher-S® showed upregulated genes linked to biological functions of cell adhesion, inflammatory response, immune response, extracellular matrix organization and collagen synthesis, in relation to the monolayer-static culture. The WIMB cultures produced, on average, 11 times more EVs per hUCM-MSC when compared to the spinner culture. These results showed that the Cellbag design modification inhibited the formation of "dune-like" deposits, which improved the WIMB performance, making possible the use of wave-induced motion bioreactors in stem cell bioprocessing.
Coligações Eleitorais para o Legislativo Municipal: efeitos da alteração do número de cadeiras em disputa sobre o comportamento partidário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Gandin, Victor Picchi; Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1991724846293364
The object of this research consists of the proportional electoral coalitions that aim the election of municipal representatives. The goal was to verify whether changes in the electoral magnitude (the amount of seats in dispute) affect the partisan behavior, in terms of the coalition’s ideological consistency. Our hypothesis is that in elections with a larger number of seats in dispute the competitiveness to obtain one seat is lower and in this scenario the political parties tend to be more ideologically consistent in their coalitions. In order to test this hypothesis, were observed the proportional coalitions formed in 2008 (when the rules that caused a reduction of seats in several City Councils were still in in force) and in 2012, the subsequent municipal election (when there was a general tendency of increase in the number of seats), which allows us an empirical observance of the coalitions in two distinct moments. The research has been developed in a quasi-experimental design, aiming to verify whether the change observed in one variable (the electoral district’s magnitude) resulted in any impact in our dependent variable (ideological consistence of the proportional coalitions), while other features (such as the electoral system rules) were kept constant. This condition also allows us to classify our observed cases between a treatment group and a control group (a sample among the municipalities of São Paulo that didn't have the magnitude altered). It is concluded that in municipalities that increased the magnitude, the value of the electoral quotient decreased, making it easier for the political parties elect a councilors, regardless of the increase in the number of candidates. This lower competitiveness didn’t bring with it, as an automatic outcome, a more consistent coalitionist behavior. On the other hand, among the municipalities that increased their magnitudes, the decrease in the ideological consistence values between the two elections was lower than the one observed among the ones without any change in the amount of seats. This puts the magnitude increase as a feature that, if not directly causing an increase in the coalitions’ ideological consistence, at least avoiding a higher inconsistence. Other variables had also impacted the coalitions. The contributions brought by this research are the creation of a original data basis, and the conduction of this analysis on a municipal level.
Uma análise sobre a accountability dos pareceres prévios do Tribunal de Contas de municípios com maiores PIB(s) do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Cunha, Mateus Carvalho da; Albuquerque, Andrei Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9667573506903226; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6311830950811662
Since the redemocratization in Brazil, there is a term not yet literally translated into Portuguese, having been published in the national literature, with a significant increase of academic works on the subject mainly from the last decade: it is denominated accountability. The term refers to the way the public agents are accountable to the society for over all of their acts. In this sense, the fields of accountability, research seek to understand as the Courts of Accounts, through institutional control, can be characterized as an instrument of accountability. The present study was based on an analysis of previous opinions produced by the Court of Accounts of the State of São Paulo, using a sample consisting of 28 opinions from the 14 municipalities with the highest GDP in the state, except for the capital, which is endowed by its own Court of Accounts, from the period of 2014 and 2015. The samples were submitted to a methodology of data analysis, using specific indicators in accordance with revised literature, with the objective of inferring which opinions are, in fact, instruments of accountability themselves. The results obtained showed that the indicators do not stimulate their full potential for accountability. In particular, in one of the analyzed waves, there are weaknesses, in particular a low popular participation in the process of auditing public accounts, which can be attributed to a racial stance in the Court of Auditors and evolution is necessary.
Síntese in situ pelo método Pechini assistido por micro-ondas dos compósitos livres de chumbo (1-x)BaZr0,08Ti0,92O3/(x)CoFe2O4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Caminata, Laís Pacheco; Perdomo, Claudia Patricia Fernández; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0062895903351287; Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6407002611399130
Currently, there is considerable interest in developing lead-free composites in the scientific area. This is occurs due to the growing demand for new multifunctional materials with potential technological applications. Thus, there is also a need to improve the methods to obtain these materials to achieve the desired properties and optimization of the subsequent processing steps. Considering this, the purpose of this study is the synthesis via in situ by microwave assisted Pechini method of biphasic lead-free composites of the system (1-x)BaZr0,08Ti0,92O3/(x)CoFe2O4, with several molar ratios of the CFO phase. Microwave energy was used for heating only in solvent evaporation and polymeric resins formation steps. The microwave assisted Pechini method provided a significant reduction in the duration and in the temperatures used in the evaporation of the solvents and formation of the resins steps. Thus, a lower energy expenditure in the procedures was promoted. Furthermore, the methodology proposed resulted in obtaining BZT nanopowders with a high degree of crystallinity and a decrease in the temperatures and energies required for crystallization. While for lead-free biphasic composites (1-x)BZT/(x)CFO, 0.10≤x≤0.50, the synthesis in situ obtained both constituent phases of the system in only one stage of heat treatment, also reaching a highly homogeneous distribution of the phases with average sizes of particles on a nanometric scale. Using microwave heating in the in situ synthesis of the composites favored the decrease of the crystallization temperatures of both phases, as well as lower particle sizes for the BZT phase. All the nanopowders of the lead-free biphasic composites (1-x)BZT/(x)CFO, 0.10≤x≤0.50, synthesized by the microwave assisted Pechini method presented ferrimagnetic behavior. In general, it is inferred that the protocol established for the in situ synthesis by the microwave assisted Pechini method showed to be reproducible, ensuring its viability to obtain lead-free biphasic systems.
An inclusive end-user development framework for tailorable games
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Garcia, Franco Eusébio; Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2935753656974386
Following the growing purposes and applications of digital games, the creation of this interactive media has been becoming more popular. Industry and academy alike have studied and created tools, methods, and techniques to allow end-users to develop their own games. However, intended audiences are still restricted (normally to anglophone youngsters without physical, cognitive, and emotional disabilities). To overcome barriers, it is necessary to allow people with different interaction abilities and needs to contribute on game development. This thesis presents an end-user development framework for tailorable games, with the purpose of promoting inclusive creation of inclusive games. Our lemma is games for everyone, by everyone. The thesis starts from the hypothesis that if end-users used creation tools suitable to their interaction needs and followed a collaborative work model to iteratively improve accessibility features to be inserted into a software architecture able to modify human-computer interaction at use-time, then they would be able create games satisfying heterogeneous interaction needs of possible players. In this thesis, we have explored documental research (systematic review to identify current approaches), creation and specification (for required software systems, models, and architectures), and field research (to understand interaction requirements and evaluate the framework). The framework encompasses a formal software architecture for implementing inclusive games, a collaborative work model for co-creation of inclusion, and an end-user game development platform (Lepi). Our framework was used by an audience not yet considered by the Literature (adult people -- some of which with low literacy and that had never used a computer before -- undergoing supervision for alcohol and drug abuse rehabilitation) over four months. Our results show that the participants were able to create games that satisfied their own interaction needs, as well as those from people with different needs than theirs (therefore, they have confirmed our research hypothesis). We have also observed that game creation and play transformed the participants. The benefits went beyond software co-creation, towards self-improvements. In this way, we have contributed with participatory and universal to creation and access of knowledge by the Brazilian citizen. Moreover, as the architecture allows continuous inclusion of new audiences via the addition of new alternatives of use, we hope that we can continue enabling more people to create and play -- small steps from users, giant leaps towards universal access.
Influência das cargas eletrostáticas na filtração de partículas em meios filtrantes de fibra de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Oliveira da Silva, Flavia Matias; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1536476217054773
Currently, in the gas filtration processes, the presence of electrostatic charges in the particles has been shown to contribute positively to the performance of the filter medium. Due to its high competitiveness in the market for gas-solid separation equipment, the hybrid filter has shown great benefits, being able to operate with low pressure drop and high collection efficiency for fine particulate matter, increasing the useful life of bags, besides reducing the expenses with energy and maintenance of filtration equipment. Hybrid filters are the combination of two or more gas-solid separation equipment with the aim of improving the gas filtration process. In this purpose, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the electrostatic charge applied on the cement particles, during the formation of the dust cake filtration in a glass fiber filter medium. For this purpose, we investigated the particle size distribution of the cement particles, the specific resistance of the cake and the porosity of the filter cake using the Ergun equation with an electrostatic charge of -1, -2, -4, -10 and -12 kV but just -10 and -12 kV there are corona effect. Images were obtained in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the penetration of the particles in the filter media, the mean particle diameter and the experimental porosity of the filter cake. For the -1, -2 and -4 kV loads applied to the particles, the specific resistance of the dust cake, the pressure drop as a function of the collected mass and the filtration time were estimated and it was verified that the specific resistance of the dust cake and the pressure drop decreased while the amount of particulate material retained in the filter media and the total filtration time increased. At the tensions of -10 and -12 where the corona effect was active, the electrostatic precipitator retained 89% of the particulate material fed in the process and thus the penetration of the particles in the tissue decreased and the filtration time increased by up to 6 times for a -12 kV curve. The filtration tests showed a positive influence of the electrostatic charge on the cement particles during the formation of the dust cake.
Desenvolvimento de algoritmo e programa de análise de estruturas em concreto armado levando em consideração as etapas construtivas e a variação das características do concreto com o tempo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-30) Oliveira, Marcelo Eduardo Fernandes de; Carvalho, Roberto Chust; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1393148424333602
The structural analysis of reinforced concrete buildings fabricated on site is usually done considering the structure in its final state, with the load applied on a given date and the concrete with its characteristic values. To examine a structural analysis closer to reality, it is necessary to consider the evolutionary stages of the building construction, the dates in which the various actions begin to act, the actual values of the resistance, the modulus of elasticity and the current structure geometry at the time. This work aims to elaborate a detailed procedure that takes all the mentioned aspects in consideration, including the provisional stages of shoring, without using simplified techniques currently found in literature. Certain structural analysis programs may consider some of the variables listed, but they must be configured through a laborious and repetitive process, and end up making the analysis slow, often incomplete and error-prone, due to the difficulty of data entry. With modern database programming techniques, we have elaborated an algorithm that analyzes the structure of the building considering the presented variables, developing a three-dimensional frames program specially tailored to suit the algorithm presented in this work. Thus, the behavior and the displacement of the structure throughout its construction and use can be visualized, enabling a better choice for the cross sections of beams, columns and slabs.