Natureza e cultura na filosofia de Bergson

Abstract

This thesis investigates the relation between the concepts of nature and nurture (culture) in the philosophy of Henri Bergson (1859-1941). Starting from the diagnosis of the "crisis of philosophy" at the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century, characterized by the predominance of the natural sciences in European intellectual scene, we established two axes that we consider to be the structure of the chosen problem: 1. Bergson's early and constant assimilation of what we can generically call evolutionism; 2. The philosopher's attempt to reconcile two seemingly opposite theoretical frameworks, naturalism (realism) and spiritualism (idealism).