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É viável uma proposta de audiolivro para o autocuidado de idosos com pé diabético?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-07)
Pantoja, Maria do Socorro Souza
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Varoto, Vania Aparecida Gurian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7449531039410521
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4420161407347292
Most people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for developing foot problems due to poor treatment adherence. Complications of both DM and person with diabetic feet impact the quality of life. The aged are prominent among with the greatest involvement of the disease and its complications. Care strategies in primary care are important for the prevention and promotion of care, and the use of technological resources associated with the sociocultural reality of the population can facilitate. Objective: To know the seniors with Diabetes type 2 and diabetic foot of a Basic Health Unit and to verify how they perform the self-care. Methodology: A study with a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory approach and with emphasis on the analysis of thematic content. All ethical principles have been applied. The study was carried out in a city in the state of São Paulo with seven seniors, between September 2017 and March 2018. A semi-structured questionnaire for data collection was developed and applied, characterizing the senior’s profile and the care process. The inclusion criteria were: to be a UBS user, to be elderly with DM2 and to have diabetic foot (the MMSE and the Whispering Test were applied). Results: The participants were 4 women and 3 men, median age 63 and 73 years respectively. Both with low schooling and mostly married. Participants indicate the bathroom and living room as the most commonly used sites for self-care. They use soap, brush and moisturizers as their primary materials, and have available home radio and television as technological support equipment they can use to listen and receive care guidelines. Everyone is unaware of what it is, and how to use an audiobook, and has little access to the acquisition, use and handling of more technological equipment. The initial proposition of constructing an audiobook as a tool to aid the participants' health education was not practicable. Conclusion: The impossibility of the initial proposal of the audiobook as a care aid tool for this group was verified and confirmed by professionals in the area of image and sound. It was decided as an alternative proposal for this study to use the available resources of the participants, radio and television, and a sequence of six programs of orientation on the subject of study was organized with local radio to cover the study population and others with similarities with DM type 2 and with diabetic foot complications.
O engajamento político entre o “renomear o vivido” e dispositivos de normatização social: experiências femininas pelos ativismos e militâncias populares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-07)
Formagio, Cessimar de Campos
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Rizek, Cibele Saliba
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0540870380815135
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1272668889524080
This text reflects about the relationship between popular activist involvement and the individual and collective process of naming strange sensations arising from social subordinations that build subalternities perceived in everyday life. In interviews with women, conducted from 2015 to 2017, who had experiences in popular activism in the cities of Campinas and São Paulo, it was perceived that popular activism involvement can be part of a social quest to name anxieties and dissatisfaction related to social norms that weave socializing in public places and in the family. Public dialogues about social issues, made possible by activist meetings, may be a possibility of naming previously sensations that were previously confusing sensations and to strengthen dis-identification in relation to two social regulators present in neoliberal rationality: the discourses/ practices of privatization of public spaces and the family dispositive that centralizes domestic and family care responsibilities for women
Genes e variantes genéticas na regulação da eficiência alimentar de gado Nelore
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-08)
Lima, Andressa Oliveira de
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Tizioto, Polyana Cristine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754030540306395
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Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9595338480545794
Feeding accounts for most of the costs in beef cattle production. To reduce it, as well as the environmental impact, greenhouse gas emission, and land occupation have been mandatory to improve the animal feed efficiency. Multifactorial, feed efficiency (FE) has been evaluated by different indexes and approaches. Among them, genomic studies from animals genetically divergent for FE pointed out candidate genes and pathways such as energy metabolism, inflammatory and oxidative stress. However, these studies did not take into account the continuous variation of the gene expression within the population. Thereby, from a previous differential approach carried out in divergent Nelore steers for FE, we selected six hepatic candidate genes (COL1A1, CTGF, CYP2B6, EGR1, PRUNE2, and the PRUNE2_isoform) based on their biological role on pathways related to feed efficiency. We carried out a realtime quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay in 52 Nelore steers to evaluate the hepatic expression profile of the overmentioned genes and their association with FE related-traits such as average daily gain (ADG), body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FE), Kleiber index (KI), metabolic body weight (MBW), residual feed intake (RFI), and relative growth rate (RGR). Based on a linear mixed model, we identified that the total expression of PRUNE2 has an unfavorable effect on feed efficiency related-traits, likely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, when taking only the PRUNE2_isoform, we observed a favorable effect on the evaluated trait. Still, to shed light on the genetic mechanisms affecting feed efficiency in Nelore, we applied a coexpression approach using muscle RNAseq data from 180 animals. Based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) software, we identified 391 potential biomarkers (hub genes) related to feed efficiency variation. These hub genes partook in protein synthesis, muscle growth, and immune response pathways. Among the hub genes, we highlighted CCDC80, FBLN5, SERPINF1, and OGN genes, which were associated to ADG, FCR, FE, KI, and RGR traits, and were related to glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, and osteogenesis. Furthermore, we found 13 transcription factors among the hub genes described for bovine and six of them are putative regulators for the others hub genes identified in this study. Among them, the TCF4 may have a role in muscle growth metabolism and regulator of DE genes for divergent RFI in muscle previously identified by our research group. Finally, we identified potential regulatory regions and functional variants related to the potential biomarkers identified in this study.
A emergência da criminalidade urbana violenta na sociedade moçambicana pós-colonial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-08)
Maloa, Joaquim Miranda
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3526963701681982
This doctoral thesis studies the relationship between crime, violence and conflict in the Modern Mozambican Society. This thesis aims to analyze the emergence of violent urban crime in the post-colonial Mozambican society. It was investigated through Historic sociology that way the practs of institutional violence and civil war of the years 1975-1990, Currently joins violent urban crime, about everything, to homicides, armed robberies and kidnappings that proved crucial to understanding the passage “of tingling crime or chicken pile”, for violent urban crime. By Between interviews, direct observation and journalistic reporting, it has been found that current forms of urban crime retain some traces of violence inherited from the period prior the 1990s. Finally, in order to portray the impact f violent urban crime, this research analyzed the social representations of police officers who have the powers to protect people, property, ensure respect for legality, guarantee order, security, tranquility and repress crime, are being hit by violent crimes. Asked what is the impact of it on this work and in mozambican society life.
Hipóxia intermitente durante o período pós-natal e mecanismos epigenéticos: implicações a longo prazo na ventilação pulmonar e no padrão motor respiratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09)
Bittencourt-Silva, Paloma Graziele
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Zoccal, Daniel Breseghello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1958567557189244
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5004431512937897
During the postnatal period, the respiratory network undergoes through developmental and maturational processes that are critical for the proper functioning of central mechanisms that controls breathing. Periods of apnea are commonly observed in preterm infants and it is suggested to be an important risk factor for the development of cardiorespiratory diseases in adults. In this study, we investigated the changes in pulmonary ventilation and respiratory motor outputs of juvenile and adult rats exposed to post-natal intermittent chronic hypoxia (pCIH), as well as the participation of DNA methylation processes in the induction of these alterations. To reach these goals, newborn rats (P1) were exposed to pCIH [6% O2 for 30 s every 10 min, 8 hours per day (9:30 - 5:30)] during the first 10 days of life, whereas control animals were maintained in normoxia. Injections of decitabine (DNA methylation inhibitor, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle were performed on days P1, P4, P7 and P10. After this period, the animals were kept in normoxia until the day of the experiments. When young, pCIH animals presented, under basal conditions, increased tidal volume and minute ventilation, associated with irregularities in the respiratory frequency. Decerebrated, artificially perfused in situ preparations of pCIH rats exhibited, at resting conditions, an increase in phrenic burst amplitude associated with reduced vagal efferent activity. No significant differences were observed in HN activity. The in situ preparations of pCIH animals also presented higher apneic threshold and lower sensitivity to hypercapnia at 7% CO2, but not at 10% CO2. The respiratory responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors with KCN in the pCIH in situ preparations were similar to controls. In adulthood, pCIH rats also exhibited increased tidal volume and irregularities in the respiratory frequency. Inhibition of DNA methylation during pCIH prevented the changes in pulmonary ventilation and respiratory motor activity of juvenile rats, as well as the modifications in pulmonary ventilation of adult rats. We therefore conclude that the exposure to intermittent hypoxia during the postnatal period modifies the functioning of the respiratory network and promotes persistent changes in respiratory pattern and pulmonary ventilation. Intermittent hypoxia, observed in the apnea of prematurity, may be a relevant factor predisposing to respiratory pathologies in adults, such as obstructive sleep apnea. We conclude that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, actively promote and sustain the changes induced by pCIH.
Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas, representação e participação: desafios e possibilidades à gestão da água e dos recursos hídricos no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09)
Barbosa, Flávia Darre
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Romera e Silva, Paulo Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5149754112323658
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Hanai, Frederico Yuri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175
This research discusses about the representation and participation in Management and Planning of Water Resources process in Brazil which is carried out by Hydrographic Basin Committees (CBH’s). The hypothesis of this research was based on the principle: “The Hydrographic Basin Committee, considered in the National Water Resources Policy, is the fundamental collegiate organization of National Water Resources Management System (SINGREH) to ensure the decentralization, effectiveness and democratization of the public management of water resources through the participation and representation of the segments involved in management decisions. The general aim of this study was to understand how representation and participatory management in water resources public policy, based on the CBH, to assess the qualification, representation and participation to strengthen the performance of these entities integrated management of water and water resources in Brazil. To develop this study a systemic-critical approach was adopted. The methodology was based in a bibliographic and documentary research, field survey with interviews (with key actors in water resources management), questionnaires (with state and interstate CBH members), a field study with non-participant observation (CBH Grande Interstate) and participant observation (CBH Turvo Grande / SP). It allowed the identification of the main challenges and possibilities for the representative and participatory management of water resources. The analysis and interpretation of the data was performed with the triangulation of these techniques, associated with progressive theorization. As a result, it was stablished that participation and representation in water resources management in Brazil occur in different stages, with degrees and forms that generate a participatory process composed of social, public and popular participation. The steps of this process in the management of water resources, considering the CBH's occur with the institutionalization of the collegiate, representation of the segments (public power, civil society, water users), the openness to organized civil society participation and participatory practices. The challenges identified are mainly related to the responsibility in representation, information and the need for training on the CBH, as well as, the recognition of the CBH as a fundamental collegiate in water resources management. The conclusion of the study is that the CBH occupies a central position, especially as regards the integration of the different segments involved in the management of this resources. Also, at the deliberations and proposals for management instruments, the proximity to society, expansion of citizenship and management of water.
Efeitos do regime hidrológico sobre comunidades de macrófitas aquáticas na APA Rio Pandeiros, MG, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09)
Medeiros, Guilherme Ruas
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Santos, Anderson Medeiros dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9905683948197460
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
The diversity of aquatic macrophytes is associated to the heterogeneity habitats and the wetlands are favorable to the development of several life forms of the species and contribute with nutrients and organic matter to the aquatic ecosystems during their decomposition, besides presenting high biomass and high productivity. The wetland area of the Pandeiros River, located in the north of Minas Gerais, is unique in the state, presenting a high diversity of macrophytes and serving as a refuge for several other species of the fauna. The study was carried out between September 2017 and August 2018, contemplating a hydrological cycle. Data collection was carried out in environments with lotic and lentic characteristics, which are predominant in the wetland area, being represented respectively by the bed of the Pandeiros river and its adjacent areas composed predominantly of marginal lagoons and marshes. The research evaluated the dynamics of the community of aquatic macrophytes in this region, focusing its relation with the hydrological dynamics and limnological characteristics of the area. The lentic environment presented a more eutrophic condition in relation to the lotic with higher concentrations of total phosphorus and nitrogen during the evaluated period. The macrophyte mass decay was different among the evaluated environments, occurring more intensely in the lentic environment, contributing to the accumulation of debris as a function of decomposition, contributing to the total nitrogen and phosphorus contribution in the water. Regarding the seasonal variation of Eichhornia azurea biomass, there were no significant differences between the lotic and lentic conditions, however in both areas, there was an increase of biomass in the rainy season, indicating the pulse as a condition for such an increase. The wetlands Pandeiros has a dendritic pattern, the river bed is well delimited in all its extension, and topographic characteristics contribute to the formation of a floodplain in the surroundings along the channel down to the confluence with the São Francisco river, providing connectivity between the lotic and lentic environments. The occurrence of different life forms in the evaluated areas. The absence of water flow in the lentic condition of the upstream and downstream areas evaluated provided a relatively constant pattern in the diversity of life forms present, as well as the establishment of more species. At the points present in lotic conditions, the species present were more susceptible to the pulses, thus providing an environment with lower diversity of life forms of aquatic macrophytes comparison with to the lotic environment and also lower species similarity between upstream and downstream stretches, caused by greater vulnerability to the fixation of some species, especially those with free and fixed floating life forms. The floodplain of the Pandeiros River in Minas Gerais presents a large occurrence of the E. azurea macrophyte under the lotic and lentic conditions, predominant characteristics in the region. As a wetland, the number of researches developed in the region is still scarce, a pre-condition for understanding a series of ecosystem services and their importance as an aquatic ecosystem vulnerable to environmental impacts at regional and global levels.
Avaliação da mielinização do sistema auditivo de recém-nascidos e fatores que a influenciam
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09)
Pallone, Leticia Valerio
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Germano, Carla Maria Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1685750854841732
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1429629739012337
Introduction: Adequate hormonal and nutritional levels during fetal development and early postnatal period are critical for the proper development of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies suggest a developmental impairment and myelination of the auditory system, part of the CNS, associated with iron deficiency (ID) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH), which can be detected in the neonatal period through BERA (Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry). Objectives: To analyze the relationship between latent iron deficiency (LID) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values with auditory nerve myelination in the newborn (NB) evaluated by BERA. Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative study developed at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Maternity Hospital in São Carlos, Brazil, on a convenience sample, from August 2016 to January 2018. Sixty-five newborns were evaluated, and 165 of them were BERA. The levels of ferritin and hematocrit were measured. The TSH values were recovered from the neonatal screening tests of the newborns. The same professional who did not have previous access to the results of the blood tests performed BERA exams in the neonatal period. For the analysis of the relationship between LID and BERA latencies, the newborns were divided into two groups: control group (n = 71), with ferritin greater than 75 ng / ml; and LID group (n = 38), with ferritin between 11 and 75 ng / ml. In view of the TSH results, the study participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 35): TSH between 0 and 5 μIU / L; and Group 2 (n = 27): TSH between 5 and 15 μUI / L. Statistical analyzes were done by GraphPad Prism and SPSS 24 (IBM). The level of significance was 5%. Results: The percentage of congenital anemia was 26.4% and that of LID was 29.4% among those without anemia. The LID NB group showed a significant increase in V-latency and I-III, I-V, and III-V intervals in relation to the control group. These parameters showed a significant and negative correlation with ferritin. The multiple correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the presence of LID and the latencies of the I-III and III-V intervals, even taking into account the gestational age of the newborn. There was no significant difference in the BERA scores between the groups with different TSH levels or a significant correlation between the TSH levels of the neonatal screening test and the values of the BERA waves and intervals. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated a negative effect of LID on the conductivity and myelination of the auditory pathways of the affected NB. On the other hand, in this study, no significant differences were found in wave latencies and BERA intervals between groups with different TSH values. Although insufficient evidence has been found to support a change in the TSH cutoff value for CH, the results of the present study may contribute to the discussion about the best value to be adopted by the national neonatal screening program and its impact on the development of the CNS.
Desafios da inclusão das pessoas com deficiência no trabalho: contribuições de uma experiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09)
Navas, Paula Márcia Gomes
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Oliver, Fátima Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4165666833220509
From the twentieth century, both in Brazil and in other countries, legislation is well known, which aims to promote the inclusion of people with disabilities in different social spheres, be they educational, work or leisure. In this way, this research seeks to contribute to the debates about the challenges posed for the participation of persons with disabilities in the world of work, through the understanding that people with disabilities have about this experience considering how they recognize themselves in the world of work and how they identify the meaning of work in their lives. This is a qualitative case study that aims to analyze the work experiences of people with disabilities participating in the ATO Project - Work and Opportunity Action, held in the city of São Carlos - SP. The study was developed in two stages: (i) documentary research in the Project files, such as activity reports and other available records; and (ii) semi-structured interviews with people with disabilities who dealt with their daily lives: a) when they were included by the ATO Project; b) during the phase in which the Project was active; c) after the closing of the Project until the moment of the interview. The information in the reports and records of the Project were presented seeking to build a timeline for the activities, actions and strategies carried out. The interviews were analyzed from the categorical content analysis. According to documentary research, among the 85 people who were included in the work world by the Project, 15 presented interaction profile and interpersonal communication. Through telephone contact and social networks, five of these 15 people agreed to participate in the study. Through a transcription process, interview data were organized into categories, considering the issues that were addressed in the interviews: Life before the ATO Project; The insertion in the Project and its Consequences; Life after the ATO Project. These categories indicated the prevalence of work in the industries of transformation, education, commerce and services, from subjects such as employability restricted to that provided by the Quota Law; the type of function performed in a company in accordance with the constraints; the stereotype in relation to the type of disability; levels of schooling and new job opportunities, influenced by the type of disability; the re-signification of social participation; interpersonal relationships and their development; the execution of the tasks of daily life; the importance of the support network and the quotidian It can be observed that interpersonal relations were promoted or improved with inclusion in the work as well as positive changes, which led the DPs to new positions and protagonism in the family and financial organization, the expansion of their support networks, purchasing power and social participation. Processes of illness, promoted from work, similar to those of other workers have also been identified. The positive results and the limitations and barriers encountered by the DPs enabled recommendations to expand the legal attributions of inclusion programs in the world of work beyond the occupation of vacancies made possible by the Quota Law, emphasizing the need to attend to the complexity of the processes. It is essential that the programs strengthen the study of jobs and people skills and their experiences, as well as the monitoring of the permanence in the work as strategies to enable greater participation in the world of work respecting the right to work as part of the contribution of people to the construction of the world.
Produção de bambu laminado colado: propriedades e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Santos, Thiago Oliveira dos
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Barbosa, Juliana Cortez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8172590572025942
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Rubert, José Benaque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1726311467903505
This paper is a contribution to the process and usage development of bamboo as a raw material as a sustainable practice in several Brazilian economic fields, with emphasis on civil construction. The processed bamboo is used in the manufacture of glued laminates, designated as BLC, Bamboo Laminate Glued, is the object of object study. BLC beams were made using the plants Phyllostachys pubescens and Dendrocalamus giganteus, and with the usage of the Polyurethane Bicomponent and Monocomponent adhesives. Standardized specimens were prepared for the physical and mechanical characterization with obtained results compatible with other species mentioned in literature. Bamboo blades were then produced for the manufacture of BLC beams. The beams produced were submitted to the control of the glue quality (glue line resistance, and delamination) and to the static bending test in order to evaluate the rupture modes and to compare the experimental rigidity with the theoretical model. The results of the glue quality test ranged between 25.59 to 55% at the delamination test, and the results figured between 4.66 and 6.69% at the glue line resistance test. The rigidity was compared following standard ABNT NBR 7190: 2013 expression. The differences between the experimental and theoretical rigidity in BLC produced with bamboo P. pubescens and Polyurethane Bicomponent and Monocomponent adhesives were around 20.41 and 5.00%, respectively. In the BLC beams produce with D. giganteus bamboo this difference between rigidities was around 11% for both types of adhesives.
Ativação da GCs no endotélio como estratégia para reverter e/ou prevenir a disfunção endotelial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Martinelli, Ariane Migliato
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Rodrigues, Gerson Jhonatan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6725550216586910
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3110739864735199
Introduction: The vascular endothelium presents an important protective function against cardiovascular diseases, and the release of NO has a central role in this protection. Reduction of NO bioavailability and decreased sensitivity of sGC to NO are well recognized in endothelial dysfunction. Although the underlying mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial, the main cause is an NO / sGC / cGMP pathway. Therefore, sGC is an important pharmacological target, which can lead to the development of key drugs in the control and treatment of hypertension, heart failure, among others. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the accumulation of cGMP in the endothelium as a strategy to revert and / or prevent endothelial dysfunction by means of the soluble guanylate cyclase activator ataciguat. Methods: Aortic rings of male Wistar rats with and without endothelium were placed in a myograph and concentration-cumulative effect curves for ataciguat were performed. In addition, intact aortic rings of normotensive (2K) and hypertensive (2K-1C) rats were incubated with ataciguat and cumulative concentration curves for acetylcholine (Ach) were measured to measure endothelial function. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) was measured by fluorescence or selective electrode on human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to some treatments, including ataciguat, 8-Br-cGMP and A23187. Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and superoxide anion (O2-) were performed using fluorescent probes, including DHE and lucigenin. Results: The presence of endothelium enhanced the ataciguat-induced relaxation in the aortic rings. In the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (NOS), the endothelium effect was abolished. Treatment of the aortic rings with ataciguat improved the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in 2K-1C and 2K vessels. In the endothelial cell culture, treatment with ataciguat (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) decreased angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion formation. In addition, ataciguat, 8-Br-cGMP and A23187 were able to induce NO production in HUVECs. In the presence of the NOS inhibitor, the NO production induced by ataciguat and 8-Br-cGMP was abolished. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the activation of sGC in endothelial cells induces the production of NO by a mechanism dependent on the activation of NOS and decrease of O2-, with consequent potentiation of vascular relaxation dependent on the endothelium.
Design and automation of a new reactor for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass at high solids loading
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Furlong, Vitor Badiale
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
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Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
Several bottlenecks need to be overcome in order to establish the biorefinery concept as a feasible and lucrative second generation ethanol production technology. Lignocellulosic biomass enzymatic saccharification presents itself as one of the major challenges. This process needs high productivity while retaining low cost in order to become a regular practice. However, high enzymatic cocktail cost and complex phenomena makes its optimization a difficult task. Different strategies are necessary to deal with this task. In this work, different research fronts have been explored to improve the sugarcane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysis process performance. To improve modeling, a Fuzzy reaction rate model was proposed. Aiming to improve hydrolysis state prediction, specially under fed-batch conditions. This methodology proved to be useful in this situation, improving prediction both in training and validation assays. This model was coupled to a state estimator to enable monitoring of the hydrolysis process in real time. To do such, a Moving Horizon Estimator was implemented, and instrumentation data was obtained from a soft-sensor using an Artificial Neural Network to predict solids concentration from the reactor’s mixing power requirement. This algorithm was able to predict the desired state variables, however, further studies are necessary before online implementation. Another research front explored in this work was the design of a new reactor architecture. A Semisolid Horizontal Saccharification Bioreactor was developed and coupled to a stirred reactor to compose a parallel reactor system. An automated solids feeder and liquid autosampler were also developed. These apparatus improved energy consumption of the process, while retaining performance indexes from other architectures. The development of the new reactor architecture opens new technologies possibilities inside the bioethanol biorefinery.
Modelos série de potência zero-modificado para séries temporais com dados de contagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Shirozono, Aimée
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Conceição, Katiane Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5789619620619667
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
The goal of this work is to propose the Zero-Modified models with Power Series distribution (ZMPS) for time series with counting data. The ZMPS model have a huge portfolio of count data distributions wherein, with an appropriate link function, we can write the regression models using the ZMPS distributions similar to what is done with generalized linear models. Then, we can use the idea of the Generalized Autoregressive and Moving Average (GARMA) models to propose the Zero-Modified Power Series models for Time Series with counting data.
O lugar do ensino de ciências na escolha da carreira universitária de jovens negros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Souza, Milena de
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Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6687376315564427
The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between school science education and the choice of university career, taking into account the ethnic-racial cohort, and identifying the place of science education in the choice of the career of young people, in view of this cohort. In order to reach the proposed goal, it was necessary to characterize the vision of this research subjects on science education, to know their life projects and their career choices, and to identify the possible relationships between the vision of science teaching and the developments in this choice. Thus, it was decided to use a methodological clipping that would allow the participants to reflect on their school experiences and their possible career choices, and the researcher, the interpretation of the meaning relations. The research was developed with students of the pre-university course of the Federal University of São Carlos, and had as methodological consisted of a questionnaire with multiple-choice question in order to know general data, life project characteristics and career pretensions of the participants; and a focus group, where the discussions initially presented in this paper were shared, in order to verify the hypotheses generated by the group. Based on the data analysis, inspired by the phenomenological method of Merleau Ponty (1989), and based on the participants, units of meaning that relate to career choice were identified. Analyzing these units of meanings, it was noticed that there are two dimensions with which subjects and career are connected: internal dimension that includes the factors that arise from the internal conditions of the individual; and external dimension that refers to the factors that relate to the culture, class and aspects of the individual's social context. Based on these dimensions, four factors were identified that relate to career choice: the aptitude, the teacher, the school subjects and the family. Thus, it was possible to conclude that science education does not have a special place in career choice, it is involved in a larger set of circumstances, from aptitude to social context, involving the affinity that the young person establishes with the teacher himself/herself and his/her qualification the view they have of themselves from the learning verifications developed in the school environment, and the overlap between the contents, the identity of the teacher and the work of the scientist. Such circumstances reflect part of the interaction that individuals make with the world, and thus relate to the creation of the life project of these young people. Therefore, with the results found, it is hoped to highlight the importance that schooling, and especially science education, deal with the life project of young people a more profound and explicit way, leading them to reflect significantly on their positioning regarding their choices, and the distortions demarcated by racial and ethnic dimensions.
Comparação de ciclagem de nutrientes em pastagens convencionais, sistemas silvipastoris e floresta estacional semidecídua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Marcondelli, Ana Carolina Buzzo
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Nicodemo, Maria Luiza Franceschi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4892401475655718
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
Silvopastoral systems combine trees, pastures and livestock. Cattle production systems cause fewer ecosystem effects compared to conventional pasture systems. The cycle of organic capacity has an essential role, once that integrated the biogeochemical cycles, which are the following cycle of elements and energy between the environment and the organisms. The litter is of fundamental importance for the transfer of nutrients to the system, with much of the nutrients absorbed by the vegetation to the soil through its deposition. The decomposition of litter is one of the main ways of filling organic and inorganic fields for the processes of nutrient control and control of return to the system. The objective of this work was to compare and analyze the decomposition of litter and its nutrients in production systems with the monoculture of grasses and grasses + trees, using a semideciduous seasonal forest as a control. For litter collection, three replicates of samples collected monthly for 12 months, through collectors 0.5 m x 0.5 m. In the case of the Urochloa litter, non-fallen senescent material was collected alone, in 0.5 m x 0.5 m frames. The dry matter, organic matter, carbon, lignin, cellulose, macro and micronutrients elements were analyzed both in the dry season and in all systems. For the decomposition study, senescent leaves with no sign of decomposition were collected in each of the systems. Then, 10 g of dried leaves were packed in nylon bags, measuring 25 cm x 25 cm, 2 mm thick, steel at 60 ° C for 72 hours and finally weighed. Later, these pockets were made on a litter accumulated in the soil. The degradation rate, done in six periods, in dry season: 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 days, with three replicates each, being withdrawn and weighed at the end of each year and taken to nutrient analysis. There was no significant difference in litter between the production systems, however, the greater existential support in pastures with native trees, demonstrating that the larger systems of greater availability of nutrients to the soil. It was not different between the systems in relation to the decomposition process, being greater only in the forest. The production of nutrition, we conclude that pastoral systems with native species the soil tends to be richer, reducing the impact of livestock.
Regularização social em sistemas de recomendação com filtragem colaborativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-14)
Zabanova, Tatyana
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Stern, Rafael Bassi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7846211197320014
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7702409804193862
Models based on matrix factorization are among the most successful implementations of Recommender Systems. In this project, we study the possibilities of incorporating the information from social networks to improve the quality of predictions of the model both in traditional Collaborative Filtering and in Neural Collaborative Filtering. Based on four examples, we registered that incorporating information from the social network in fact leads to better estimates of the evaluations of itens by users.
Contraste entre propriedades optoeletrônicas em estruturas de tunelamento ressonante n-i-n baseadas em GaAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-15)
Oliveira, Edson Rafael Cardozo de
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Teodoro, Marcio Daldin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5602634309535528
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3121276256053722
Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs) are semiconductor devices usually composed of two barrier structures embedding a single quantum well (QW) and highly doped layers in its extremities. Under an applied bias voltage, the charge carriers‘ energy aligns with the QW bound state and they can tunnel resonantly through the double barrier with, ideally, unity transmission probability and a peak in the current density for a certain voltage value is observed. This process occurs until the charge carriers‘ energy passes the energy of the QW bound state and now a sharp decline of the current density emerges due to the energetic misalignment of the charge carriers‘ energy and the QW bound state. The reduction of the current density at higher bias voltages leads to a region of Negative Differential Resistance, which for instance is utilized in high frequency RTD applications. Another essential property of RTDs is the peak-to-valley current ratio, which determines the device quality. It was demonstrated that the insertion of a pre-well adjacent to the emitter barrier enhances the PVCR through 2D-2D tunneling between pre-well and QW quantized states. Resonant Tunneling Diodes can also emit light. Accelerated electrons can experience collisions with other electrons, bringing them to the conduction band and generating holes at the valence band. Generated holes eventually recombine with electrons, thus, emitting light. This process is denominated electroluminescence through impact ionization. The electroluminescence combined with the unique RTDs properties, such as the NDR region and high frequency operation, enables the development of high speed functional opto-electronic devices, e.g., optical switches, logic gates, etc. In this work we study two resonant tunneling structures based on GaAs/AlGaAs with and without the presence of an InGaAs potential prewell and quantum well, using mainly transport and electroluminescence techniques. The main goal is to contrast the electroluminescent and transport properties in the study of charge carrier dynamics in these structures, and also, to compare the optoelectronic properties which the prewell addition provides. First, it is identified two independent impact ionization channels associated with the coherent resonant tunneling current and the incoherent valley current. Furthermore, by simulating a resistance variation for the I-V and the EL we observe the possibility to tune the EL on-off ratio up to 6 orders of magnitude and further observe that the EL on and off states can be either direct or inverted compared to the tunneling current on and off states. By comparing with the prewell containing sample, it is demonstrated that at room temperature the charge carriers confined at the prewell quantized state preserve the electrical current intensity with respect to the sample without prewell, therefore, it is thematically more stable. Finally, by studying the electroluminescence with magnetic field, it is demonstrated for the first time the Landau levels splitting in RTDs with emitter prewell.
Estratificação vertical de quirópteros na Floresta Atlântica, Reserva Biológica Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba - Santo André, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16)
Paste, Rodrigo Fescina
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Rocha, Vlamir José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2678182713152050
By being actively embedded in the dynamics of forests, bats perform a range of ecosystem services, making the group key to ecological, agricultural and economic interests. Due to the structure of a forest influencing the vertical distribution of resources, the structure of a community of bats varies within the vertical structure and there are few studies that explore more than one forest stratum, as well as existing knowledge about bat ecology in the Atlantic forest, is underestimated. It is in this context that the objective is to characterize the community structure of bats in the use of vertical space in the Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba Biological Reserve. By collecting bats by fog networks installed in the understory (3m), below-canopy(4-7m) and canopy (8-12m), we analyzed the frequency of species capture in each vertical stratum and related the frequency of catches in the different strata of each trophic guild registered with biotic variables ( weight and wingspan) and abiotic (humidity and temperature). For the 117 individuals of the 14 species captured, the results indicate that the community of bats in the region is regulated by the vertical structure, with the species Carollia perspicillata preferring exclusively the understory. Also the use of upper strata is associated with body size for frugivorous bats and enviroment temperature for insectivorous bats. This work highlights the need to explore the higher strata in inventories and wildlife monitoring programs.
Efeitos do exercício excêntrico na reabilitação do músculo esquelético de camundongos mdx após 3 e 21 dias de treinamento. Avaliações morfológica, funcional e molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16)
Pedrazzani, Paulo Silva
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Cornachione, Anabelle Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0547232657871313
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7843244578611831
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative genetic disease of a recessive nature linked to the mutation of the Xp21 region of the X chromosome. DMD is characterized by the absence of the protein dystrophin, which causes progressive muscle degeneration and weakness, resulting in death of the patient due to respiratory failure and or cardiac. Changes in the content of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) are commonly observed in dystrophic muscles and may be related to the greater fragility of this tissue. Because it is a progressive and disabling disease, physiotherapeutic resources such as physical exercise are commonly used to provide greater comfort for patients during disease progression. However, the major limitation is to determine the type and intensity of the exercise to be applied. For some time, eccentric exercise has been used in the rehabilitation of skeletal muscle after disuse, in the same way, studies show its effectiveness in the rehabilitation of dystrophic muscles, however, there are few reports in the scientific literature on the cellular and involved in the regeneration process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the molecular processes involved in the destruction of myofibers of mdx animals and to evaluate the consequences of the application of low intensity eccentric training for 21 days in the cytoarchitecture and in the contractile function of myofibers. Methods: Male mice aged 6 weeks, divided into 8 groups: sedentary mdx 3 days (mdxSED3) and sedentary mdx 21 days (mdxSED21) were used in this study; mdx trained 3 and 21 days, mdxTR3 and mdxTR21, respectively; wild type sedentary 3 and 21 days (wtSED3 and wtSED21) and finally, wild type trained 3 (wtTR3) and 21 days (wtTR21). After the training periods the animals were euthanized and blood samples were obtained for analysis of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK). Afterwards, both of the muscles were excised and subjected to functional analysis, for single fiber contraction force; morphology, for general aspects of the tissues; and morphometry, for the proportion of different types of fibers and tropism. Results: The single fiber strength analysis of the mdx mice showed a significant reduction when compared to the control group. In the morphological analysis it was possible to observe important alterations determined by the disease, such as: necrosis, increased connective tissue, nuclear centralization, among others. In the proportion of fibers, the dystrophic muscles presented a reduction in the number of types IIA fibers (FTIIA) concomitant to the increase of type I fibers (FTI), when compared to the respective controls. For trophic analysis, all types of fibers were observed in the youngest dystrophic group (3 days) while the oldest group (21 days) had a reduction in FTI and FTIIA fibers. After application of the low intensity eccentric training, it was possible to observe in the dystrophic muscles that the application of the exercise for 21 days was more effective in almost all aspects analyzed when compared to the more acute time (3 days). Conclusion: Our results suggest that eccentric exercise when applied at a low intensity for a longer period may be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve the functional, morphological and biochemical changes determined by the absence of the protein dystrophin.
Synthesis and characterization of micro-and mesoporous materials for catalytic biomass upgrading
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16)
Jorge, Erlen Yizenia Cruz
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Paixão, Márcio Weber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569650458694196
In the last years, biomass, especially lignocellulosic, has emerged as an alternative source of carbon. From the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, a series of chemical compounds or platforms can be obtained, having multiple industrial applications: lubricants, solvents, additives for fuels and personal hygiene products. Industrially, the fractionation process uses mineral acids, high temperatures and pressure, which has led to the emergence of solid catalysts such as micro and mesoporous materials. These are separated from the reaction medium more easily and are usually less industrially aggressive. On the other hand, to carry out the fractionation of the lignocellulosic biomass, catalysts with both Brönsted and Lewis sites are needed. So far, to carry out the different steps of this fractionation are used mixtures of catalysts, one that works as Brönsted acid and other as Lewis acid. The objective of this work is to synthesize bifunctional catalysts that are able to perform cascade reactions for the recovery of compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass. To achieve this, two catalysts were synthesized, characterized and evaluated: zeolite-β magnetically recoverable in its acid form and exchanged with transition metal ions such as iridium, iron and palladium; as well as dendritic silica functionalized with sulfonic acid. Despite the enormous industrial importance of zeolites, their applications in technological processes in which high added value products are obtained and involving large molecules are limited due to the small size of their pores. The need of materials with a pore size greater than a nanometer boosted research in the field of materials science through the synthesis of mesoporous materials. In the present work, we proceeded to the synthesis of two materials: one microporous, very useful for the valorization of small molecules and another mesoporous, for the fractionation of more complex molecules such as sugars and disaccharides.