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Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas, representação e participação: desafios e possibilidades à gestão da água e dos recursos hídricos no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09) Barbosa, Flávia Darre; Romera e Silva, Paulo Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5149754112323658; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5207224763577173
This research discusses about the representation and participation in Management and Planning of Water Resources process in Brazil which is carried out by Hydrographic Basin Committees (CBH’s). The hypothesis of this research was based on the principle: “The Hydrographic Basin Committee, considered in the National Water Resources Policy, is the fundamental collegiate organization of National Water Resources Management System (SINGREH) to ensure the decentralization, effectiveness and democratization of the public management of water resources through the participation and representation of the segments involved in management decisions. The general aim of this study was to understand how representation and participatory management in water resources public policy, based on the CBH, to assess the qualification, representation and participation to strengthen the performance of these entities integrated management of water and water resources in Brazil. To develop this study a systemic-critical approach was adopted. The methodology was based in a bibliographic and documentary research, field survey with interviews (with key actors in water resources management), questionnaires (with state and interstate CBH members), a field study with non-participant observation (CBH Grande Interstate) and participant observation (CBH Turvo Grande / SP). It allowed the identification of the main challenges and possibilities for the representative and participatory management of water resources. The analysis and interpretation of the data was performed with the triangulation of these techniques, associated with progressive theorization. As a result, it was stablished that participation and representation in water resources management in Brazil occur in different stages, with degrees and forms that generate a participatory process composed of social, public and popular participation. The steps of this process in the management of water resources, considering the CBH's occur with the institutionalization of the collegiate, representation of the segments (public power, civil society, water users), the openness to organized civil society participation and participatory practices. The challenges identified are mainly related to the responsibility in representation, information and the need for training on the CBH, as well as, the recognition of the CBH as a fundamental collegiate in water resources management. The conclusion of the study is that the CBH occupies a central position, especially as regards the integration of the different segments involved in the management of this resources. Also, at the deliberations and proposals for management instruments, the proximity to society, expansion of citizenship and management of water.
Hipóxia intermitente durante o período pós-natal e mecanismos epigenéticos: implicações a longo prazo na ventilação pulmonar e no padrão motor respiratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09) Bittencourt-Silva, Paloma Graziele; Zoccal, Daniel Breseghello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1958567557189244; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5004431512937897
During the postnatal period, the respiratory network undergoes through developmental and maturational processes that are critical for the proper functioning of central mechanisms that controls breathing. Periods of apnea are commonly observed in preterm infants and it is suggested to be an important risk factor for the development of cardiorespiratory diseases in adults. In this study, we investigated the changes in pulmonary ventilation and respiratory motor outputs of juvenile and adult rats exposed to post-natal intermittent chronic hypoxia (pCIH), as well as the participation of DNA methylation processes in the induction of these alterations. To reach these goals, newborn rats (P1) were exposed to pCIH [6% O2 for 30 s every 10 min, 8 hours per day (9:30 - 5:30)] during the first 10 days of life, whereas control animals were maintained in normoxia. Injections of decitabine (DNA methylation inhibitor, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle were performed on days P1, P4, P7 and P10. After this period, the animals were kept in normoxia until the day of the experiments. When young, pCIH animals presented, under basal conditions, increased tidal volume and minute ventilation, associated with irregularities in the respiratory frequency. Decerebrated, artificially perfused in situ preparations of pCIH rats exhibited, at resting conditions, an increase in phrenic burst amplitude associated with reduced vagal efferent activity. No significant differences were observed in HN activity. The in situ preparations of pCIH animals also presented higher apneic threshold and lower sensitivity to hypercapnia at 7% CO2, but not at 10% CO2. The respiratory responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors with KCN in the pCIH in situ preparations were similar to controls. In adulthood, pCIH rats also exhibited increased tidal volume and irregularities in the respiratory frequency. Inhibition of DNA methylation during pCIH prevented the changes in pulmonary ventilation and respiratory motor activity of juvenile rats, as well as the modifications in pulmonary ventilation of adult rats. We therefore conclude that the exposure to intermittent hypoxia during the postnatal period modifies the functioning of the respiratory network and promotes persistent changes in respiratory pattern and pulmonary ventilation. Intermittent hypoxia, observed in the apnea of prematurity, may be a relevant factor predisposing to respiratory pathologies in adults, such as obstructive sleep apnea. We conclude that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, actively promote and sustain the changes induced by pCIH.
Avaliação da mielinização do sistema auditivo de recém-nascidos e fatores que a influenciam
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09) Pallone, Leticia Valerio; Germano, Carla Maria Ramos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1685750854841732; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1429629739012337
Introduction: Adequate hormonal and nutritional levels during fetal development and early postnatal period are critical for the proper development of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies suggest a developmental impairment and myelination of the auditory system, part of the CNS, associated with iron deficiency (ID) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH), which can be detected in the neonatal period through BERA (Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry). Objectives: To analyze the relationship between latent iron deficiency (LID) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values with auditory nerve myelination in the newborn (NB) evaluated by BERA. Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative study developed at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Maternity Hospital in São Carlos, Brazil, on a convenience sample, from August 2016 to January 2018. Sixty-five newborns were evaluated, and 165 of them were BERA. The levels of ferritin and hematocrit were measured. The TSH values were recovered from the neonatal screening tests of the newborns. The same professional who did not have previous access to the results of the blood tests performed BERA exams in the neonatal period. For the analysis of the relationship between LID and BERA latencies, the newborns were divided into two groups: control group (n = 71), with ferritin greater than 75 ng / ml; and LID group (n = 38), with ferritin between 11 and 75 ng / ml. In view of the TSH results, the study participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 35): TSH between 0 and 5 μIU / L; and Group 2 (n = 27): TSH between 5 and 15 μUI / L. Statistical analyzes were done by GraphPad Prism and SPSS 24 (IBM). The level of significance was 5%. Results: The percentage of congenital anemia was 26.4% and that of LID was 29.4% among those without anemia. The LID NB group showed a significant increase in V-latency and I-III, I-V, and III-V intervals in relation to the control group. These parameters showed a significant and negative correlation with ferritin. The multiple correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the presence of LID and the latencies of the I-III and III-V intervals, even taking into account the gestational age of the newborn. There was no significant difference in the BERA scores between the groups with different TSH levels or a significant correlation between the TSH levels of the neonatal screening test and the values of the BERA waves and intervals. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated a negative effect of LID on the conductivity and myelination of the auditory pathways of the affected NB. On the other hand, in this study, no significant differences were found in wave latencies and BERA intervals between groups with different TSH values. Although insufficient evidence has been found to support a change in the TSH cutoff value for CH, the results of the present study may contribute to the discussion about the best value to be adopted by the national neonatal screening program and its impact on the development of the CNS.
Efeitos do regime hidrológico sobre comunidades de macrófitas aquáticas na APA Rio Pandeiros, MG, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09) Medeiros, Guilherme Ruas; Santos, Anderson Medeiros dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9905683948197460; Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9794950718150922
The diversity of aquatic macrophytes is associated to the heterogeneity habitats and the wetlands are favorable to the development of several life forms of the species and contribute with nutrients and organic matter to the aquatic ecosystems during their decomposition, besides presenting high biomass and high productivity. The wetland area of the Pandeiros River, located in the north of Minas Gerais, is unique in the state, presenting a high diversity of macrophytes and serving as a refuge for several other species of the fauna. The study was carried out between September 2017 and August 2018, contemplating a hydrological cycle. Data collection was carried out in environments with lotic and lentic characteristics, which are predominant in the wetland area, being represented respectively by the bed of the Pandeiros river and its adjacent areas composed predominantly of marginal lagoons and marshes. The research evaluated the dynamics of the community of aquatic macrophytes in this region, focusing its relation with the hydrological dynamics and limnological characteristics of the area. The lentic environment presented a more eutrophic condition in relation to the lotic with higher concentrations of total phosphorus and nitrogen during the evaluated period. The macrophyte mass decay was different among the evaluated environments, occurring more intensely in the lentic environment, contributing to the accumulation of debris as a function of decomposition, contributing to the total nitrogen and phosphorus contribution in the water. Regarding the seasonal variation of Eichhornia azurea biomass, there were no significant differences between the lotic and lentic conditions, however in both areas, there was an increase of biomass in the rainy season, indicating the pulse as a condition for such an increase. The wetlands Pandeiros has a dendritic pattern, the river bed is well delimited in all its extension, and topographic characteristics contribute to the formation of a floodplain in the surroundings along the channel down to the confluence with the São Francisco river, providing connectivity between the lotic and lentic environments. The occurrence of different life forms in the evaluated areas. The absence of water flow in the lentic condition of the upstream and downstream areas evaluated provided a relatively constant pattern in the diversity of life forms present, as well as the establishment of more species. At the points present in lotic conditions, the species present were more susceptible to the pulses, thus providing an environment with lower diversity of life forms of aquatic macrophytes comparison with to the lotic environment and also lower species similarity between upstream and downstream stretches, caused by greater vulnerability to the fixation of some species, especially those with free and fixed floating life forms. The floodplain of the Pandeiros River in Minas Gerais presents a large occurrence of the E. azurea macrophyte under the lotic and lentic conditions, predominant characteristics in the region. As a wetland, the number of researches developed in the region is still scarce, a pre-condition for understanding a series of ecosystem services and their importance as an aquatic ecosystem vulnerable to environmental impacts at regional and global levels.
Desafios da inclusão das pessoas com deficiência no trabalho: contribuições de uma experiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-09) Navas, Paula Márcia Gomes; Oliver, Fátima Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4165666833220509
From the twentieth century, both in Brazil and in other countries, legislation is well known, which aims to promote the inclusion of people with disabilities in different social spheres, be they educational, work or leisure. In this way, this research seeks to contribute to the debates about the challenges posed for the participation of persons with disabilities in the world of work, through the understanding that people with disabilities have about this experience considering how they recognize themselves in the world of work and how they identify the meaning of work in their lives. This is a qualitative case study that aims to analyze the work experiences of people with disabilities participating in the ATO Project - Work and Opportunity Action, held in the city of São Carlos - SP. The study was developed in two stages: (i) documentary research in the Project files, such as activity reports and other available records; and (ii) semi-structured interviews with people with disabilities who dealt with their daily lives: a) when they were included by the ATO Project; b) during the phase in which the Project was active; c) after the closing of the Project until the moment of the interview. The information in the reports and records of the Project were presented seeking to build a timeline for the activities, actions and strategies carried out. The interviews were analyzed from the categorical content analysis. According to documentary research, among the 85 people who were included in the work world by the Project, 15 presented interaction profile and interpersonal communication. Through telephone contact and social networks, five of these 15 people agreed to participate in the study. Through a transcription process, interview data were organized into categories, considering the issues that were addressed in the interviews: Life before the ATO Project; The insertion in the Project and its Consequences; Life after the ATO Project. These categories indicated the prevalence of work in the industries of transformation, education, commerce and services, from subjects such as employability restricted to that provided by the Quota Law; the type of function performed in a company in accordance with the constraints; the stereotype in relation to the type of disability; levels of schooling and new job opportunities, influenced by the type of disability; the re-signification of social participation; interpersonal relationships and their development; the execution of the tasks of daily life; the importance of the support network and the quotidian It can be observed that interpersonal relations were promoted or improved with inclusion in the work as well as positive changes, which led the DPs to new positions and protagonism in the family and financial organization, the expansion of their support networks, purchasing power and social participation. Processes of illness, promoted from work, similar to those of other workers have also been identified. The positive results and the limitations and barriers encountered by the DPs enabled recommendations to expand the legal attributions of inclusion programs in the world of work beyond the occupation of vacancies made possible by the Quota Law, emphasizing the need to attend to the complexity of the processes. It is essential that the programs strengthen the study of jobs and people skills and their experiences, as well as the monitoring of the permanence in the work as strategies to enable greater participation in the world of work respecting the right to work as part of the contribution of people to the construction of the world.