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Produção de bambu laminado colado: propriedades e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Santos, Thiago Oliveira dos
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Barbosa, Juliana Cortez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8172590572025942
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Rubert, José Benaque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1726311467903505
This paper is a contribution to the process and usage development of bamboo as a raw material as a sustainable practice in several Brazilian economic fields, with emphasis on civil construction. The processed bamboo is used in the manufacture of glued laminates, designated as BLC, Bamboo Laminate Glued, is the object of object study. BLC beams were made using the plants Phyllostachys pubescens and Dendrocalamus giganteus, and with the usage of the Polyurethane Bicomponent and Monocomponent adhesives. Standardized specimens were prepared for the physical and mechanical characterization with obtained results compatible with other species mentioned in literature. Bamboo blades were then produced for the manufacture of BLC beams. The beams produced were submitted to the control of the glue quality (glue line resistance, and delamination) and to the static bending test in order to evaluate the rupture modes and to compare the experimental rigidity with the theoretical model. The results of the glue quality test ranged between 25.59 to 55% at the delamination test, and the results figured between 4.66 and 6.69% at the glue line resistance test. The rigidity was compared following standard ABNT NBR 7190: 2013 expression. The differences between the experimental and theoretical rigidity in BLC produced with bamboo P. pubescens and Polyurethane Bicomponent and Monocomponent adhesives were around 20.41 and 5.00%, respectively. In the BLC beams produce with D. giganteus bamboo this difference between rigidities was around 11% for both types of adhesives.
Ativação da GCs no endotélio como estratégia para reverter e/ou prevenir a disfunção endotelial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Martinelli, Ariane Migliato
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Rodrigues, Gerson Jhonatan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6725550216586910
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3110739864735199
Introduction: The vascular endothelium presents an important protective function against cardiovascular diseases, and the release of NO has a central role in this protection. Reduction of NO bioavailability and decreased sensitivity of sGC to NO are well recognized in endothelial dysfunction. Although the underlying mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial, the main cause is an NO / sGC / cGMP pathway. Therefore, sGC is an important pharmacological target, which can lead to the development of key drugs in the control and treatment of hypertension, heart failure, among others. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the accumulation of cGMP in the endothelium as a strategy to revert and / or prevent endothelial dysfunction by means of the soluble guanylate cyclase activator ataciguat. Methods: Aortic rings of male Wistar rats with and without endothelium were placed in a myograph and concentration-cumulative effect curves for ataciguat were performed. In addition, intact aortic rings of normotensive (2K) and hypertensive (2K-1C) rats were incubated with ataciguat and cumulative concentration curves for acetylcholine (Ach) were measured to measure endothelial function. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) was measured by fluorescence or selective electrode on human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to some treatments, including ataciguat, 8-Br-cGMP and A23187. Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and superoxide anion (O2-) were performed using fluorescent probes, including DHE and lucigenin. Results: The presence of endothelium enhanced the ataciguat-induced relaxation in the aortic rings. In the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (NOS), the endothelium effect was abolished. Treatment of the aortic rings with ataciguat improved the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in 2K-1C and 2K vessels. In the endothelial cell culture, treatment with ataciguat (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) decreased angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion formation. In addition, ataciguat, 8-Br-cGMP and A23187 were able to induce NO production in HUVECs. In the presence of the NOS inhibitor, the NO production induced by ataciguat and 8-Br-cGMP was abolished. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the activation of sGC in endothelial cells induces the production of NO by a mechanism dependent on the activation of NOS and decrease of O2-, with consequent potentiation of vascular relaxation dependent on the endothelium.
Design and automation of a new reactor for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass at high solids loading
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Furlong, Vitor Badiale
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
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Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
Several bottlenecks need to be overcome in order to establish the biorefinery concept as a feasible and lucrative second generation ethanol production technology. Lignocellulosic biomass enzymatic saccharification presents itself as one of the major challenges. This process needs high productivity while retaining low cost in order to become a regular practice. However, high enzymatic cocktail cost and complex phenomena makes its optimization a difficult task. Different strategies are necessary to deal with this task. In this work, different research fronts have been explored to improve the sugarcane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysis process performance. To improve modeling, a Fuzzy reaction rate model was proposed. Aiming to improve hydrolysis state prediction, specially under fed-batch conditions. This methodology proved to be useful in this situation, improving prediction both in training and validation assays. This model was coupled to a state estimator to enable monitoring of the hydrolysis process in real time. To do such, a Moving Horizon Estimator was implemented, and instrumentation data was obtained from a soft-sensor using an Artificial Neural Network to predict solids concentration from the reactor’s mixing power requirement. This algorithm was able to predict the desired state variables, however, further studies are necessary before online implementation. Another research front explored in this work was the design of a new reactor architecture. A Semisolid Horizontal Saccharification Bioreactor was developed and coupled to a stirred reactor to compose a parallel reactor system. An automated solids feeder and liquid autosampler were also developed. These apparatus improved energy consumption of the process, while retaining performance indexes from other architectures. The development of the new reactor architecture opens new technologies possibilities inside the bioethanol biorefinery.
Modelos série de potência zero-modificado para séries temporais com dados de contagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Shirozono, Aimée
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Conceição, Katiane Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5789619620619667
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
The goal of this work is to propose the Zero-Modified models with Power Series distribution (ZMPS) for time series with counting data. The ZMPS model have a huge portfolio of count data distributions wherein, with an appropriate link function, we can write the regression models using the ZMPS distributions similar to what is done with generalized linear models. Then, we can use the idea of the Generalized Autoregressive and Moving Average (GARMA) models to propose the Zero-Modified Power Series models for Time Series with counting data.
O lugar do ensino de ciências na escolha da carreira universitária de jovens negros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Souza, Milena de
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Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6687376315564427
The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between school science education and the choice of university career, taking into account the ethnic-racial cohort, and identifying the place of science education in the choice of the career of young people, in view of this cohort. In order to reach the proposed goal, it was necessary to characterize the vision of this research subjects on science education, to know their life projects and their career choices, and to identify the possible relationships between the vision of science teaching and the developments in this choice. Thus, it was decided to use a methodological clipping that would allow the participants to reflect on their school experiences and their possible career choices, and the researcher, the interpretation of the meaning relations. The research was developed with students of the pre-university course of the Federal University of São Carlos, and had as methodological consisted of a questionnaire with multiple-choice question in order to know general data, life project characteristics and career pretensions of the participants; and a focus group, where the discussions initially presented in this paper were shared, in order to verify the hypotheses generated by the group. Based on the data analysis, inspired by the phenomenological method of Merleau Ponty (1989), and based on the participants, units of meaning that relate to career choice were identified. Analyzing these units of meanings, it was noticed that there are two dimensions with which subjects and career are connected: internal dimension that includes the factors that arise from the internal conditions of the individual; and external dimension that refers to the factors that relate to the culture, class and aspects of the individual's social context. Based on these dimensions, four factors were identified that relate to career choice: the aptitude, the teacher, the school subjects and the family. Thus, it was possible to conclude that science education does not have a special place in career choice, it is involved in a larger set of circumstances, from aptitude to social context, involving the affinity that the young person establishes with the teacher himself/herself and his/her qualification the view they have of themselves from the learning verifications developed in the school environment, and the overlap between the contents, the identity of the teacher and the work of the scientist. Such circumstances reflect part of the interaction that individuals make with the world, and thus relate to the creation of the life project of these young people. Therefore, with the results found, it is hoped to highlight the importance that schooling, and especially science education, deal with the life project of young people a more profound and explicit way, leading them to reflect significantly on their positioning regarding their choices, and the distortions demarcated by racial and ethnic dimensions.
Comparação de ciclagem de nutrientes em pastagens convencionais, sistemas silvipastoris e floresta estacional semidecídua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-10)
Marcondelli, Ana Carolina Buzzo
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Nicodemo, Maria Luiza Franceschi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4892401475655718
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
Silvopastoral systems combine trees, pastures and livestock. Cattle production systems cause fewer ecosystem effects compared to conventional pasture systems. The cycle of organic capacity has an essential role, once that integrated the biogeochemical cycles, which are the following cycle of elements and energy between the environment and the organisms. The litter is of fundamental importance for the transfer of nutrients to the system, with much of the nutrients absorbed by the vegetation to the soil through its deposition. The decomposition of litter is one of the main ways of filling organic and inorganic fields for the processes of nutrient control and control of return to the system. The objective of this work was to compare and analyze the decomposition of litter and its nutrients in production systems with the monoculture of grasses and grasses + trees, using a semideciduous seasonal forest as a control. For litter collection, three replicates of samples collected monthly for 12 months, through collectors 0.5 m x 0.5 m. In the case of the Urochloa litter, non-fallen senescent material was collected alone, in 0.5 m x 0.5 m frames. The dry matter, organic matter, carbon, lignin, cellulose, macro and micronutrients elements were analyzed both in the dry season and in all systems. For the decomposition study, senescent leaves with no sign of decomposition were collected in each of the systems. Then, 10 g of dried leaves were packed in nylon bags, measuring 25 cm x 25 cm, 2 mm thick, steel at 60 ° C for 72 hours and finally weighed. Later, these pockets were made on a litter accumulated in the soil. The degradation rate, done in six periods, in dry season: 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 days, with three replicates each, being withdrawn and weighed at the end of each year and taken to nutrient analysis. There was no significant difference in litter between the production systems, however, the greater existential support in pastures with native trees, demonstrating that the larger systems of greater availability of nutrients to the soil. It was not different between the systems in relation to the decomposition process, being greater only in the forest. The production of nutrition, we conclude that pastoral systems with native species the soil tends to be richer, reducing the impact of livestock.
Regularização social em sistemas de recomendação com filtragem colaborativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-14)
Zabanova, Tatyana
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Stern, Rafael Bassi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7846211197320014
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7702409804193862
Models based on matrix factorization are among the most successful implementations of Recommender Systems. In this project, we study the possibilities of incorporating the information from social networks to improve the quality of predictions of the model both in traditional Collaborative Filtering and in Neural Collaborative Filtering. Based on four examples, we registered that incorporating information from the social network in fact leads to better estimates of the evaluations of itens by users.
Contraste entre propriedades optoeletrônicas em estruturas de tunelamento ressonante n-i-n baseadas em GaAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-15)
Oliveira, Edson Rafael Cardozo de
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Teodoro, Marcio Daldin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5602634309535528
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3121276256053722
Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs) are semiconductor devices usually composed of two barrier structures embedding a single quantum well (QW) and highly doped layers in its extremities. Under an applied bias voltage, the charge carriers‘ energy aligns with the QW bound state and they can tunnel resonantly through the double barrier with, ideally, unity transmission probability and a peak in the current density for a certain voltage value is observed. This process occurs until the charge carriers‘ energy passes the energy of the QW bound state and now a sharp decline of the current density emerges due to the energetic misalignment of the charge carriers‘ energy and the QW bound state. The reduction of the current density at higher bias voltages leads to a region of Negative Differential Resistance, which for instance is utilized in high frequency RTD applications. Another essential property of RTDs is the peak-to-valley current ratio, which determines the device quality. It was demonstrated that the insertion of a pre-well adjacent to the emitter barrier enhances the PVCR through 2D-2D tunneling between pre-well and QW quantized states. Resonant Tunneling Diodes can also emit light. Accelerated electrons can experience collisions with other electrons, bringing them to the conduction band and generating holes at the valence band. Generated holes eventually recombine with electrons, thus, emitting light. This process is denominated electroluminescence through impact ionization. The electroluminescence combined with the unique RTDs properties, such as the NDR region and high frequency operation, enables the development of high speed functional opto-electronic devices, e.g., optical switches, logic gates, etc. In this work we study two resonant tunneling structures based on GaAs/AlGaAs with and without the presence of an InGaAs potential prewell and quantum well, using mainly transport and electroluminescence techniques. The main goal is to contrast the electroluminescent and transport properties in the study of charge carrier dynamics in these structures, and also, to compare the optoelectronic properties which the prewell addition provides. First, it is identified two independent impact ionization channels associated with the coherent resonant tunneling current and the incoherent valley current. Furthermore, by simulating a resistance variation for the I-V and the EL we observe the possibility to tune the EL on-off ratio up to 6 orders of magnitude and further observe that the EL on and off states can be either direct or inverted compared to the tunneling current on and off states. By comparing with the prewell containing sample, it is demonstrated that at room temperature the charge carriers confined at the prewell quantized state preserve the electrical current intensity with respect to the sample without prewell, therefore, it is thematically more stable. Finally, by studying the electroluminescence with magnetic field, it is demonstrated for the first time the Landau levels splitting in RTDs with emitter prewell.
Estratificação vertical de quirópteros na Floresta Atlântica, Reserva Biológica Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba - Santo André, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16)
Paste, Rodrigo Fescina
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Rocha, Vlamir José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2678182713152050
By being actively embedded in the dynamics of forests, bats perform a range of ecosystem services, making the group key to ecological, agricultural and economic interests. Due to the structure of a forest influencing the vertical distribution of resources, the structure of a community of bats varies within the vertical structure and there are few studies that explore more than one forest stratum, as well as existing knowledge about bat ecology in the Atlantic forest, is underestimated. It is in this context that the objective is to characterize the community structure of bats in the use of vertical space in the Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba Biological Reserve. By collecting bats by fog networks installed in the understory (3m), below-canopy(4-7m) and canopy (8-12m), we analyzed the frequency of species capture in each vertical stratum and related the frequency of catches in the different strata of each trophic guild registered with biotic variables ( weight and wingspan) and abiotic (humidity and temperature). For the 117 individuals of the 14 species captured, the results indicate that the community of bats in the region is regulated by the vertical structure, with the species Carollia perspicillata preferring exclusively the understory. Also the use of upper strata is associated with body size for frugivorous bats and enviroment temperature for insectivorous bats. This work highlights the need to explore the higher strata in inventories and wildlife monitoring programs.
Efeitos do exercício excêntrico na reabilitação do músculo esquelético de camundongos mdx após 3 e 21 dias de treinamento. Avaliações morfológica, funcional e molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16)
Pedrazzani, Paulo Silva
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Cornachione, Anabelle Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0547232657871313
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7843244578611831
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative genetic disease of a recessive nature linked to the mutation of the Xp21 region of the X chromosome. DMD is characterized by the absence of the protein dystrophin, which causes progressive muscle degeneration and weakness, resulting in death of the patient due to respiratory failure and or cardiac. Changes in the content of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) are commonly observed in dystrophic muscles and may be related to the greater fragility of this tissue. Because it is a progressive and disabling disease, physiotherapeutic resources such as physical exercise are commonly used to provide greater comfort for patients during disease progression. However, the major limitation is to determine the type and intensity of the exercise to be applied. For some time, eccentric exercise has been used in the rehabilitation of skeletal muscle after disuse, in the same way, studies show its effectiveness in the rehabilitation of dystrophic muscles, however, there are few reports in the scientific literature on the cellular and involved in the regeneration process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the molecular processes involved in the destruction of myofibers of mdx animals and to evaluate the consequences of the application of low intensity eccentric training for 21 days in the cytoarchitecture and in the contractile function of myofibers. Methods: Male mice aged 6 weeks, divided into 8 groups: sedentary mdx 3 days (mdxSED3) and sedentary mdx 21 days (mdxSED21) were used in this study; mdx trained 3 and 21 days, mdxTR3 and mdxTR21, respectively; wild type sedentary 3 and 21 days (wtSED3 and wtSED21) and finally, wild type trained 3 (wtTR3) and 21 days (wtTR21). After the training periods the animals were euthanized and blood samples were obtained for analysis of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK). Afterwards, both of the muscles were excised and subjected to functional analysis, for single fiber contraction force; morphology, for general aspects of the tissues; and morphometry, for the proportion of different types of fibers and tropism. Results: The single fiber strength analysis of the mdx mice showed a significant reduction when compared to the control group. In the morphological analysis it was possible to observe important alterations determined by the disease, such as: necrosis, increased connective tissue, nuclear centralization, among others. In the proportion of fibers, the dystrophic muscles presented a reduction in the number of types IIA fibers (FTIIA) concomitant to the increase of type I fibers (FTI), when compared to the respective controls. For trophic analysis, all types of fibers were observed in the youngest dystrophic group (3 days) while the oldest group (21 days) had a reduction in FTI and FTIIA fibers. After application of the low intensity eccentric training, it was possible to observe in the dystrophic muscles that the application of the exercise for 21 days was more effective in almost all aspects analyzed when compared to the more acute time (3 days). Conclusion: Our results suggest that eccentric exercise when applied at a low intensity for a longer period may be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve the functional, morphological and biochemical changes determined by the absence of the protein dystrophin.
Synthesis and characterization of micro-and mesoporous materials for catalytic biomass upgrading
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16)
Jorge, Erlen Yizenia Cruz
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Paixão, Márcio Weber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569650458694196
In the last years, biomass, especially lignocellulosic, has emerged as an alternative source of carbon. From the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, a series of chemical compounds or platforms can be obtained, having multiple industrial applications: lubricants, solvents, additives for fuels and personal hygiene products. Industrially, the fractionation process uses mineral acids, high temperatures and pressure, which has led to the emergence of solid catalysts such as micro and mesoporous materials. These are separated from the reaction medium more easily and are usually less industrially aggressive. On the other hand, to carry out the fractionation of the lignocellulosic biomass, catalysts with both Brönsted and Lewis sites are needed. So far, to carry out the different steps of this fractionation are used mixtures of catalysts, one that works as Brönsted acid and other as Lewis acid. The objective of this work is to synthesize bifunctional catalysts that are able to perform cascade reactions for the recovery of compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass. To achieve this, two catalysts were synthesized, characterized and evaluated: zeolite-β magnetically recoverable in its acid form and exchanged with transition metal ions such as iridium, iron and palladium; as well as dendritic silica functionalized with sulfonic acid. Despite the enormous industrial importance of zeolites, their applications in technological processes in which high added value products are obtained and involving large molecules are limited due to the small size of their pores. The need of materials with a pore size greater than a nanometer boosted research in the field of materials science through the synthesis of mesoporous materials. In the present work, we proceeded to the synthesis of two materials: one microporous, very useful for the valorization of small molecules and another mesoporous, for the fractionation of more complex molecules such as sugars and disaccharides.
Arginase: da imobilização à modulação de ensaios de afinidade em coleções de produtos naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-17)
Costa, Romário Pereira da
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Severino, Richele Priscila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8692556857906176
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
ARGINASE: FROM THE IMMOBILIZATION TO MODULATION OF AFFINITY ASSAY IN COLLECTIONS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS. The use of natural products from plants dates from antiquity and they are often targets as they exhibit biological properties of interest for new drug discovery. Unfortunately screening natural products for biologically active compounds, is laborious, time consuming and Costly. To meet this end, new affinity assay model based on the use immobilized protein have developed and it was the objective of this work. This work consisted of the immobilization of arginase on to magnetic beads (Arg-MBs) for screening of natural products extracts. The modulation of the assay was initially carried out for the compounds: catechin and epicatechin (reported as arginase inhibitors) and as negative control (not inhibitor), acyclovir. For the assays, two ethanolic extracts were selected: Byrsonima coccolobifolia (Malpighiaceae) and Tabebuia ochracea (Bignoniaceae). From the leaves extract of Byrsonima coccolobifolia (Malpighiaceae) 12 ligands were identified, and 9 of these characterized by LC-HRMS. While from crude ethanolic roots extract of Tabebuia ochracea (Bignoniaceae) nineteen ligands were fished out. For chemical elucidation, these compounds need to be isolated in milligram scale. The number of ligands identified in the two ethanolic extracts showed the potential of the affinity assay developed. The development of the assays, results and studies for structural elucidation of the ligands identified will be discussed in detail in this dissertation.
Lean & Six Sigma initiatives in the food industry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-17)
Costa, Luana Bonome Message
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911803539950651
Food industry is an important sector that generates significant economic benefits. However, it is an industry that faces many challenges, due to the demanding market that requires a wide range of products, with short delivery times, frequent deliveries, and with price reductions. In view of this scenario, Continuous Improvement (CI) initiatives could assist this sector to deal with its challenges and to survive in the global market. Two widely used and stand as the best CI initiatives are Lean and Six Sigma, that can be integrated in a hybrid approach, Lean Six Sigma, joining their strengths. To understand the relevance of adoption of these initiatives in the food industry context, this research firstly performed a systematic literature review, which found a low amount of papers published, late adoption of the initiatives in the sector, and their low use, indicating the sector lacks familiarity with the subject. In spite of that, some implementation cases showed the sector can benefit with their implementation. Several improvements in food industry’s performance can be obtained with their adoption, most of them related to cost reduction. Moreover, it was found that the main barriers to their use are strongly related to sector characteristics and managerial factors. Therefore, a survey was performed to better evaluate the potential for food industry to adopt Lean Six Sigma practices. First, a new multi-item measurement scales reflecting the multidimensional construct, Lean Six Sigma, in the food industry sector, was developed. A two-stage approach was used to ensure validity and reliability of the measurement items and scales. The scales were developed based on an initial set of 13 Lean and Six Sigma constructs and 73 items. They were purified and refined through four rounds of an item-sorting exercise and a prestest conducted using a questionnaire sent via web to fifty respondents (American Food and Beverage sector) from the SurveyMonkey Audience. Then, a large sample of 229 Brazilian and American food industries was used in order to confirm reliability and validity of Lean Six Sigma multi-item scales. The result was 11 constructs and 45 items to measure the adoption of Lean Six Sigma practices in the food sector. Then, a survey was conducted with 145 factories from Brazil and the United States. The findings showed a fragmented use of Lean Six Sigma practices; low adoption of practices related to pull, statistical process control and six sigma role structure; the effect of sector’s characteristics to a certain extent in the degree of adoption of Lean Six Sigma practices; and the positive effect of their adoption in the food industry’s performance, moderated by their level of experience. So, there is a great potential for the sector to adopt Lean Six Sigma practices; there are opportunities to increase the level of adoption of some practices low explored; expand the level of experience and the maturity of the sector in this field, and consequently, obtain better results with their adoption.
A exclusão escolar e o Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Campus Bragança Paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-18)
Silva, Karla Cristiny Moraes da
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Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1132670772678230
The present study has as object of study the school dropout of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP), Campus Bragança Paulista. Understanding it as synonymous with school exclusion, we analyze its determinants based on Bourdieu's sociology, seeking to understand how the social positions of former students influenced their school trajectories, making them longer or shorter, completion or exclusion. The data collection involved three steps: (i) collection of secondary data in the academic systems of the Federal Institute; (ii) application of a survey survey; and (iii) semi-structured interviews. In the first one, we identified that the dropout / exclusion rates of the courses in the institution reach 69% (Bachelors in Mathematics). The data collected comprise a total of 8 years of activities (from the first half of 2009 to the second half of 2017). The data of the survey were interpreted through the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (LEBARON, 2009). This analysis showed that the excluded were, mostly, from popular social groups. We also selected graduated and non-formed alumni for interviews, generating a new database with which we used the technique of content analysis (BARDIN, 2011). We observed that the decision-making of these individuals on whether or not to complete the studies in the institution was delimited by their social origins. Among those excluded, we realized that, because of their properties, they did not feel they belonged to the school space. On the other hand, even among the poorest individuals, an organized family and the encouragement of parents to study, they differed for the students, as well as the support of classmates, teachers and institutional programs (monitoring and student aid). In this way, the research represents a contribution to the IFSP-BRA, by redefining the profile of its target audience, which will allow future studies to reflect on possible strategies to combat the exclusion of its courses.
Investigação de similaridade entre programas para apoiar o teste de mutação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-20)
Dallilo, Lucas
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Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5240609401895096
Context: The Mutation Analysis criterion – or, mutation testing – allows both the evaluation of test sets and the identiﬁcation of faults present in the software. The criterion is considered eﬀective, however has gaps in relation to its eﬃciency. Many cost reduction techniques have been presented however, the results yielded by these techniques are little generalizable to diﬀerent groups of programs. Some studies in this context presented heuristics to calculate similarity between programs as a way to support cost reduction, but the calculation was not the central theme of the studies. Goals: This work investigated the similarity between programs, in the context of mutation testing of object-oriented programs, as primary information source to support the deﬁnition of a strategy to reduce the cost of the criterion. Methodology: The work included: (i) A literature research to characterize the similarity calculation in the presented context; (ii) The deﬁnition of a conceptual framework to apply similarity as a supportive technique for cost reduction strategies; and (iii) automation of the framework. The similarity is inferred through the clustering of CK metrics information. The tool also handles calculation and results from the employed cost reduction techniques; and (iv) An experiment and results analysis. Java classes were clustered and the values of mutation scores per operator of the classes and clusters were calculated. In the context of the One-Op cost reduction technique, the best candidate operators were compared between the generated groups and the classes individually. Results: As results, we have the description of similarity calculation in the presented context; a conceptual framework and respective support tool; and a experiment in 38 classes organized in 3 databases. Conclusion: The relevance of similarity was observed, thus allowing for further experiments involving operators obtained from similar programs to be applied to untested programs in the context of the criterion and strategy of cost reduction.
Ações sustentáveis desenvolvidas pela rede sociotécnica da Cooperativa Mista Flona Tapajós: uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento local
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-21)
Nobre, Deusa Nara Viana
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Abreu, Lucimar Santiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7025928931374268
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1768067327960343
The Flona Tapajós region is part of the National Conservation Unit System (SNUC) of the Amazon biome and is located in western Pará. It is a region of high ecological and social importance, but is threatened by predatory human exploitation of natural resources and the lack local development public policies that favor development actions inspired by ecologically based productive models. However, in recent years, a set of sustainable actions has been developed by a multi-actor network, whose key agent is the Flona Tapajós Mixed Cooperative, called Coomflona. These actions sought to generate a favorable environment for local development through the natural preservation and improvement of the quality of life of Flona Tapajós traditional families. Thus, the objectives of the work were: to identify and analyze the social impact of actions developed by the Cooperative Flona Tapajós Mixed (COOMFLONA), as a way to subsidize, qualify, enhance the social experience and boost the local development of the traditional communities of Flona Tapajós. and build an inventory of the actions taken. The research was conducted through a review of the bibliography accessed through the Internet and a set of interviews with producers from the communities of São Domingos, Maguari and Jamaraçá and representative of the cooperative. It was concluded that the actions of the socio-technical network contributed to the strengthening of local governance, as they sought to meet the demands of family farming communities and generated an environment conducive to improving the quality of life of traditional Flona Tapajós families. Thus, the social organization and the dynamism engendered by the cooperative socio-technical network provided the communities of the Tapajós National Forest with a set of alternatives, providing positive socioeconomic impacts on the generation of income, construction and maintenance of roads to flow the production and marketing of timber and non-timber forest products.
Detecção de ataques a sistemas de reconhecimento facial utilizando abordagens eficientes de aprendizado de máquina em profundidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-21)
Souza, Gustavo Botelho de
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Papa, João Paulo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194
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Marana, Aparecido Nilceu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6027713750942689
Biometrics emerged, in the last decades, as a robust and convenient solution for security systems. However, despite the higher difficulty to circumvent the biometric applications, nowadays, criminals are developing attacks, known as spoofing or presentation attacks, precisely simulating biometric traits of legal users, such as the facial image with high-definition printed photographs. Among the main biometric traits, face is a promising one given its high universality (everyone has a face) and non-intrusive capture. Despite all this, face recognition systems are the ones that most suffer with such frauds given the high availability of facial images of people in the worlwide computer network. In this context, face spoofing detection techniques must be developed and integrated to the traditional face recognition applications in order to preserve their robustness in real scenarios. Deep Learning based methods have presented state-of-the-art performances in many areas, including face spoofing detection. However, the methods proposed in the literature so far present high computational costs, being not feasible in real situations, with significant hardware restrictions. In this context, in this thesis, efficient architectures of deep neural networks for face spoofing detection are proposed. Among the proposed approaches, modifications in the architectures of the Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM), generative and efficient models turned into deep discriminative neural networks, as well as modifications in the architecture of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), expanding them in width instead of depth, and a novel training algorithm for CNNs, able to capture local spoofing cues of different parts of the faces, allowed a significant reduction on the amount of parameters and operations required for processing the facial images, as well as a faster convergence of the deep neural networks, allowing them to reach accuracy results, in attack detection, compatible with the state-of-the-art, at lower computational costs.
Síntese de celulose bacteriana a partir de resíduos lignocelulósicos via evolução adaptativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-21)
Vasconcellos, Vanessa Molina de
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-190X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9050729757066272
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced mainly by the Komagataeibacter genus. BC is a biopolymer free of impurities, built from the interlacing of cellulose nanofibers, which presents remarkable properties, such as: high mechanical strength, high water retention capacity, susceptibility to chemical modifications and biocompatibility. The BC is a product of great interest in several biotechnological applications, ranging from noble applications, e.g. medical and pharmaceutical fields, to less sophisticated ones, e.g. reinforcement material in polymers. For the BC synthesis is necessary that the culture medium be rich in glucose, one of the key points that increase the final product. In this context, the present thesis aims to contribute to the reduction of costs involved in the process of CB synthesis using as substrate an alternative source of C: the liquid hot water (LHW) pretreated liquid fraction of lignocellulosic wastes (corn stover and sugarcane bagasse) produced in biorefineries. A challenge to be overcome is related to the presence of inhibitors in the medium, and bypassing this barrier with the addition of a detoxification step with activated charcoal, for example, implies an increase in process cost. The alternative presented in this work was to obtain an inhibitor resistant cellulose producing strain through the adaptive laboratory evolution technique, using the HLW pretreated liquid fraction from corn stover as culture medium. The development of the adapted K. hansenii strain makes possible to directly convert, and thereby concentrate, a dilute form of glucose into an insoluble, readily recovered and value-added cellulose product. While genetic stability, its nature and mechanisms behind the synthesis still need to be revealed, the evolutionary adaptation of this nanocellulose-producing bacteria not only made the bacterium resistant to inhibitors but also capable of producing significantly more nanocellulose compared to the original strain. In addition, the nanocellulose of the adapted strain maintained the same properties as those produced in the standard culture medium.
Avaliação de condições ambientais de nascentes de cursos de água: ferramenta de subsídio à gestão de recursos hídricos e ao planejamento de bacias hidrográficas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-21)
Pinto, Mauricio José Rosso
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Hanai, Frederico Yuri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0029934262855663
The protection, conservation, assessment and monitoring of natural water sources are the foundation for integrated water management and environmental planning of a watershed. Springs are important water sources, they are defined as an environmental system established by geomorphological features or geological structures, in which the outcrop of groundwater occurs in a temporary or perennial way, forming drainage channels downstream. The springs have fundamental ecological and ecosystem functions, as the maintenance of the hydrological cycle, therefore it is necessary to develop mechanisms to guarantee its conservation. The aim of this research was to investigate, identify and analyze parameters, indicators and tools related to assessment, conservation, monitoring and sustainable use of springs, in order to elaborate an integrated assessment tool for their environmental conditions that subsidize water resources management and watershed planning. For this, a Systematic Bibliographic Review (SBR) was developed to identify scientific articles and documents related to springs, showing the different approaches through which, the springs have been studied. After that, those articles and documents were analyzed to find proposals or applications of parameters, indicators, tools and instruments related to assessment, conservation, monitoring, management and/or use of springs. As a result, the list of these parameters, indicators, tools and instruments was obtained and validated by a three-step process (3S): self-validation; scientific validation and social validation. The result of this process was the elaboration of an Integrated Assessment and Monitoring Protocol for Springs (PANÁgua), which was tested through field applications and optimized according to the results of this experience and the significant contributions of the specialists who participated in the validation process. The PANÁgua is a protocol composed by three stages of application and some categories of evaluation that integrate a group of parameters and indicators related to the spring’s conservation state. Finally, this protocol was used to evaluate the environmental conditions of some springs of the Ribeirão do Tamanduá and Córrego Mineirinho watersheds located at the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Many impacts were found with the application of PANÁgua, some of them are the low density of natural vegetation coverage, as well as the erosion and silting processes because of agricultural and livestock activities that predominate in the area. In addition, the evaluation of the water quality showed the presence of total coliforms and high values of electrical conductivity in most springs. Both watersheds evaluated presents different characteristics of the land cover use, that’s why some impacts of the Córrego Mineirinho urban springs were evidenced in more critical conditions, for instance the discharge of sewage and solid waste as springs and the severe degradation of soil in general. The PANÁgua has shown to be a useful and efficient tool that synthesizes and assess the environmental conditions of the springs in a coherent way and can be used to help the environmental agencies in the decision-making processes related to integrated water resource management and watershed environmental planning.
Treinamento de força de baixa intensidade realizado até a falha muscular ou próximo à falha não promove ganhos adicionais de força, hipertrofia muscular e funcionalidade de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-22)
Bergamasco, João Guilherme Almeida
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Libardi, Cleiton Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746229265588551
Background: The present study compared the effects of low-load resistance training (RT) protocols performed to failure (FAI), to voluntary interruption (VOL) or lower-volume fixed repetitions (FIX) on muscle strength, hypertrophy and functionality in older adults. Methods: Forty-one older adults (60-77 years) were randomized into three RT groups: FAI, VOL and FIX. The three groups completed 12 weeks of RT at 40% of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM). Training protocols involved three sets in knee extension, leg press and leg curl, performed twice a week, in which in FAI protocol repetitions were performed to muscle failure, in VOL, repetitions were performed to voluntary interruption and FIX performed 10 repetitions per set. Muscle strength was measured through 1-RM, cross-sectional area (CSA) by ultrasonography and functionality through chair stand (CS), habitual and maximal gait speed (HGS and MGS, respectively), timed up-and-go (TUG) and 6-minute walking test (6MWT). All the assessments were performed pre- and post-training. Results: The results showed similar increases from Pre to Post in 1-RM values for all groups (P < 0.0001). There were no significant increases in CSA. Additionally, all groups demonstrated significant and similar increases in CS and HGS and there were no significant changes in MGS, TUG and 6MWT for any group. Conclusions: Low-load protocols do not require to be performed to muscle failure or near failure to promote significant improvements in strength and some of the functional parameters in initial stages of training in older adults.