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Estratificação vertical de quirópteros na Floresta Atlântica, Reserva Biológica Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba - Santo André, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16) Paste, Rodrigo Fescina; Rocha, Vlamir José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2678182713152050
By being actively embedded in the dynamics of forests, bats perform a range of ecosystem services, making the group key to ecological, agricultural and economic interests. Due to the structure of a forest influencing the vertical distribution of resources, the structure of a community of bats varies within the vertical structure and there are few studies that explore more than one forest stratum, as well as existing knowledge about bat ecology in the Atlantic forest, is underestimated. It is in this context that the objective is to characterize the community structure of bats in the use of vertical space in the Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba Biological Reserve. By collecting bats by fog networks installed in the understory (3m), below-canopy(4-7m) and canopy (8-12m), we analyzed the frequency of species capture in each vertical stratum and related the frequency of catches in the different strata of each trophic guild registered with biotic variables ( weight and wingspan) and abiotic (humidity and temperature). For the 117 individuals of the 14 species captured, the results indicate that the community of bats in the region is regulated by the vertical structure, with the species Carollia perspicillata preferring exclusively the understory. Also the use of upper strata is associated with body size for frugivorous bats and enviroment temperature for insectivorous bats. This work highlights the need to explore the higher strata in inventories and wildlife monitoring programs.
Efeitos do exercício excêntrico na reabilitação do músculo esquelético de camundongos mdx após 3 e 21 dias de treinamento. Avaliações morfológica, funcional e molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16) Pedrazzani, Paulo Silva; Cornachione, Anabelle Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0547232657871313; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7843244578611831
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative genetic disease of a recessive nature linked to the mutation of the Xp21 region of the X chromosome. DMD is characterized by the absence of the protein dystrophin, which causes progressive muscle degeneration and weakness, resulting in death of the patient due to respiratory failure and or cardiac. Changes in the content of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) are commonly observed in dystrophic muscles and may be related to the greater fragility of this tissue. Because it is a progressive and disabling disease, physiotherapeutic resources such as physical exercise are commonly used to provide greater comfort for patients during disease progression. However, the major limitation is to determine the type and intensity of the exercise to be applied. For some time, eccentric exercise has been used in the rehabilitation of skeletal muscle after disuse, in the same way, studies show its effectiveness in the rehabilitation of dystrophic muscles, however, there are few reports in the scientific literature on the cellular and involved in the regeneration process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the molecular processes involved in the destruction of myofibers of mdx animals and to evaluate the consequences of the application of low intensity eccentric training for 21 days in the cytoarchitecture and in the contractile function of myofibers. Methods: Male mice aged 6 weeks, divided into 8 groups: sedentary mdx 3 days (mdxSED3) and sedentary mdx 21 days (mdxSED21) were used in this study; mdx trained 3 and 21 days, mdxTR3 and mdxTR21, respectively; wild type sedentary 3 and 21 days (wtSED3 and wtSED21) and finally, wild type trained 3 (wtTR3) and 21 days (wtTR21). After the training periods the animals were euthanized and blood samples were obtained for analysis of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK). Afterwards, both of the muscles were excised and subjected to functional analysis, for single fiber contraction force; morphology, for general aspects of the tissues; and morphometry, for the proportion of different types of fibers and tropism. Results: The single fiber strength analysis of the mdx mice showed a significant reduction when compared to the control group. In the morphological analysis it was possible to observe important alterations determined by the disease, such as: necrosis, increased connective tissue, nuclear centralization, among others. In the proportion of fibers, the dystrophic muscles presented a reduction in the number of types IIA fibers (FTIIA) concomitant to the increase of type I fibers (FTI), when compared to the respective controls. For trophic analysis, all types of fibers were observed in the youngest dystrophic group (3 days) while the oldest group (21 days) had a reduction in FTI and FTIIA fibers. After application of the low intensity eccentric training, it was possible to observe in the dystrophic muscles that the application of the exercise for 21 days was more effective in almost all aspects analyzed when compared to the more acute time (3 days). Conclusion: Our results suggest that eccentric exercise when applied at a low intensity for a longer period may be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve the functional, morphological and biochemical changes determined by the absence of the protein dystrophin.
Synthesis and characterization of micro-and mesoporous materials for catalytic biomass upgrading
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-16) Jorge, Erlen Yizenia Cruz ; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569650458694196
In the last years, biomass, especially lignocellulosic, has emerged as an alternative source of carbon. From the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, a series of chemical compounds or platforms can be obtained, having multiple industrial applications: lubricants, solvents, additives for fuels and personal hygiene products. Industrially, the fractionation process uses mineral acids, high temperatures and pressure, which has led to the emergence of solid catalysts such as micro and mesoporous materials. These are separated from the reaction medium more easily and are usually less industrially aggressive. On the other hand, to carry out the fractionation of the lignocellulosic biomass, catalysts with both Brönsted and Lewis sites are needed. So far, to carry out the different steps of this fractionation are used mixtures of catalysts, one that works as Brönsted acid and other as Lewis acid. The objective of this work is to synthesize bifunctional catalysts that are able to perform cascade reactions for the recovery of compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass. To achieve this, two catalysts were synthesized, characterized and evaluated: zeolite-β magnetically recoverable in its acid form and exchanged with transition metal ions such as iridium, iron and palladium; as well as dendritic silica functionalized with sulfonic acid. Despite the enormous industrial importance of zeolites, their applications in technological processes in which high added value products are obtained and involving large molecules are limited due to the small size of their pores. The need of materials with a pore size greater than a nanometer boosted research in the field of materials science through the synthesis of mesoporous materials. In the present work, we proceeded to the synthesis of two materials: one microporous, very useful for the valorization of small molecules and another mesoporous, for the fractionation of more complex molecules such as sugars and disaccharides.