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Treinamento de força de baixa intensidade realizado até a falha muscular ou próximo à falha não promove ganhos adicionais de força, hipertrofia muscular e funcionalidade de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-22) Bergamasco, João Guilherme Almeida; Libardi, Cleiton Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746229265588551
Background: The present study compared the effects of low-load resistance training (RT) protocols performed to failure (FAI), to voluntary interruption (VOL) or lower-volume fixed repetitions (FIX) on muscle strength, hypertrophy and functionality in older adults. Methods: Forty-one older adults (60-77 years) were randomized into three RT groups: FAI, VOL and FIX. The three groups completed 12 weeks of RT at 40% of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM). Training protocols involved three sets in knee extension, leg press and leg curl, performed twice a week, in which in FAI protocol repetitions were performed to muscle failure, in VOL, repetitions were performed to voluntary interruption and FIX performed 10 repetitions per set. Muscle strength was measured through 1-RM, cross-sectional area (CSA) by ultrasonography and functionality through chair stand (CS), habitual and maximal gait speed (HGS and MGS, respectively), timed up-and-go (TUG) and 6-minute walking test (6MWT). All the assessments were performed pre- and post-training. Results: The results showed similar increases from Pre to Post in 1-RM values for all groups (P < 0.0001). There were no significant increases in CSA. Additionally, all groups demonstrated significant and similar increases in CS and HGS and there were no significant changes in MGS, TUG and 6MWT for any group. Conclusions: Low-load protocols do not require to be performed to muscle failure or near failure to promote significant improvements in strength and some of the functional parameters in initial stages of training in older adults.
Podridão abacaxi da cana-de-açúcar: reação de variedades, controle químico e diversidade patogênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-22) Uzan, Juliana; Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289170266294665; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6570923247710425
Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, and its main products are sugar, ethanol and biomass. With the high demand for its products, there was a need to plant it all year round. Thus sugarcane pineapple disease, became a problem in winter plantings. The soil pathogen Thielaviopsis paradoxa infects newly planted grinding seedpieces, causing major failures in the field. The genetic resistance of cultivars presents as the ideal method of control, however, there are no reports of the resistance of the four cultivars studied in this work. Chemical control is an alternative to susceptible cultivars. Aiming to analyze the reaction to T. paradoxa of four sugarcane cultivars, its control with fungicide, and the pathogenic diversity of fungus isolates, four trials were installed: 1st experiment (analyzed at 28 days) and the trays containing substrate inoculated with T. paradoxa (105, 104, 10³, 10² spores.mL-1 and Control) and individualized buds of the cultivars RB867515, RB966928, RB855156 and RB92579 were used in the 2nd experiment (analyzed at 40 days) ; less (RB867515) and more (RB92579) susceptible to the pathogen, new buds were planted in trays, using substrate inoculated with 104 and 107 spores.mL-1 and Control, with the application of Strobilurin + Triazole. For the fourth experiment, five buds of the four cultivars were used, and suspensions of 105 spores.mL-1 of five T. paradoxa isolates were inoculated at both ends of the grinding seedpieces. The substrate of experiments 1, 2 and 3 was maintained at 25% humidity and all experiments were maintained in a controlled environment with a temperature of 20°C and photoperiod of 12h. In experiments 1, 2 and 3 the sprouting rate and final sprouting were analyzed at 28 days (experiments 1 and 3) and at 40 days (experiment 2), in experiment 4 the necrotic area inside the grinding seedpieces was measured. The data were transformed into percent and submitted to analysis of variance by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The results showed that the cultivar RB867515 was the least susceptible and the most susceptible RB92579; the intermediate cultivars RB966928 and RB855156; the fungicide with the combination of the active principles Strobilurin + Triazol presented potential for the control of T. paradoxa; there is pathogenic diversity among isolates of T. paradoxa obtained from different lesions and even field in sugarcane producing areas of Brazil.
Análise do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos-PAA no município de Caxias-MA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-22) Carneiro, Joabe Alves; Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9000407801770157
The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the configuration of the dynamics of the economic, social and environmental aspects of the Food Acquisition Program in Caxias, Maranhão state, showing the importance of family farming in local development. According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the municipality has a population of 155,129 inhabitants, 24% of which are in rural areas. The research tool used was qualitative and quantitative, through a case study. 45 Forms with open and closed questions were applied, which were completed by the researcher. The dissertation is organized in (chapter-article) format, structured with general introduction, three article-chapters and general considerations. The second chapter-article was titled “Coverage of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in BRAZIL: An Approach from the Analysis of Conab Executive Summaries (2003-2017)”. In this second chapter, it was noticed that in Brazil there was growth and decrease of the financial resources destined to the PAA, besides the disparities in its distribution among the Brazilian regions. In the third chapter entitled “PAA Socioeconomic Profile, Functioning, Marketing and Income: A Case Study in the Municipality of Caxias-Maranhão”, it was observed that among the beneficiaries surveyed 70% are female, 50% are aged between 36 and 49 years, 25% are aged 18-35 and people over 50 also represent 25%. Of the 44 farmers participating in the study, 43% self-described brown, 25% black and 28% self-described as “dark brown”. It was observed that 61% of the sample beneficiaries do not have complete elementary school, those who receive social benefit are 54% and 75% are female. The average amount received per beneficiary was R $ 182.33, the minimum of R $ 77.00 and the maximum of R $ 436.00. The Fourth Chapter, entitled “Agricultural Production Diversification, Farmers' Organization and Environmental Aspects within the PAA in the Municipality of Caxias Maranhão” analyzed that before the PAA farmers produced 11 different types of productive crops and with the arrival of the program this amount went up. to 36. In environmental aspects, it was found that even in the farmers' properties that benefited from rivers, streams, marshes and ponds, some did not conserve them. It was also noticed that the system of consortium between agricultural activities is practiced by 61% of farmers. The use of pesticides in productive areas totaled 63.63%, while 68.18% of farmers use chemical fertilizers. Regarding the knowledge of agroecology, 45.45% of the survey respondents said they were completely unaware of the term and 54.55% knew the term. The holdings of farmers in associations, according to the survey, represent 56.81% and in cooperatives 15.9%. The advantages of participating in the program, according to farmers, were: increased income; self esteem; incentive to cultivate the land; exchange of experiences and others.
Diversidade bacteriana em cavidade oral e retal de mico-leão-preto Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-22) Fatoretto, Bruna Talita; Ramos, Patrícia Locosque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7542477918045216; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8968513355716027
The black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus is an endangered primate species, restricted to fragments of the Atlantic Forest in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Information on microbiology, epidemiology and pathogens transmission are scarce and the aim of this study was to describe the bacterial diversity in the oral and rectal cavities of free-ranging (in situ) and captive (ex situ) animals. For identification of bacterial isolates, we used Matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), Gram stain and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 249 bacterial isolates were studied and the results revealed a different profile of bacterial diversity between in situ and ex situ animals. In total, 19 bacteria genera were found and the most frequent genera in captive animals were: Escherichia, Neisseria, Streptococcus, Proteus, Enterobacter; and in free-ranging animals were: Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas. There are no reports in the literature regarding the identification of Cronobacter sp., Delftia sp., Kocuria sp., Lysinibacillus sp., Neisseria sp., Paenibacillus sp. in Leontopithecus chrysopygus, which are presented in this study for the first time. Bacterial with pathogenic potential were found and this work demonstrated the importance of identifying these microorganisms for future management and conservation practices.
Mapeamento da fragilidade ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio do Quilombo – São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-22) Asciutti, Gustavo Augusto Mendonça; Stanganini, Fabio Noel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600; Melanda, Edson Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1554762456965991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0712650323875472
This research consisted in the elaboration of the Environmental Fragility map for the Quilombo River Basin, in its parcel located in the municipality of São Carlos / SP, adapting the methodologies proposed by Calijuri (2007) and Cereda Junior (2011), applying the fuzzy nonlinear sigmoidal logic in the standardization of the characteristics of the physical environment of the study area. The non-linear fuzzy sigmoidal standardization showed a higher concentration of results at the extremes of the lowest and highest values, therefore, its application in the mapping of environmental fragility should be performed with caveats, preferably combined with maps algebra models that allow the attribution of weights to the parameters analyzed, according to their importance in the stability of the terrain. The Environmental Fragility map was elaborated through the correlation of the parameters "land use and occupation", "slope", "pedology", "distance of water bodies" and "pedology". The map algebra methods applied in this research were the AHP, Weighted Arithmetic Mean and Simple Arithmetic Mean, the latter used as the comparison value. The results for the AHP model were 6% for "Very Poor", 22% for "Weak", 37% for "Average", 28% for "Strong" and 8% for "Very Strong" respectively. The Weighted Arithmetic Average presented 4% for "Very Poor", 18% for "Weak", 46 for "Average", 29% for "Strong" and 3% for "Very Strong". The methodology for mapping the environmental fragility proposed in this study prioritized the parameter soil use and occupation, bringing as a positive result the possibility of updating the values of environmental fragility according to changes in soil cover. In relation to the Municipal Master Plan, the guidelines for land use and occupation are in line with the natural characteristics of the study area, mainly in the conditioning of urban expansion with the adequacy of road infrastructure and urban drainage, as well as the preservation and recovery of native vegetation and areas of permanent preservation.
Contra eletrodos de sulfetos metálicos aplicados a células solares sensibilizadas por pontos quânticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-22) Soares, Leandro Luiz; Mascaro, Lucia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2509632591058445
The quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (CSSPQ) are considered as third generation solar cell, derived from dye-sensitized solar cells (CSSC). Several works in the literature shown that the optimization of counter electrodes (CE) is an important factor to improve the CSSPQs performance. In this study different types of CE and its production methods were evaluated by electrochemical techniques as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, as well as physic techniques as X-Ray Diffraction (DRX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Initially, it prepared NbS2 films by spray pyrolysis at 500 and 700 ºC deposited over brass. The film treated at 700 ºC presented higher crystallinity and current density in cyclic voltammetry and smaller resistance to the charge transfer. However, the brass substrate presented problems of leaking in the moment of the device confection and, this film could not be applied in the cell. In order to avoid the leak, the brass was substituted by glass covered by fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and the NbS2 films were supported by carbon-black and deposited by drop. Electrochemical characterization showed that this material presented a resistance of charge transfer of 164,24 Ω that is smallest than the FTO/Pt resistance that was 3,29 kΩ and also a higher current density. Even thought, carbon-black interfered in the surlyn® adherence, which made harder to seal effectively the device, occasioning that way a leaking in the supporting electrolyte, making also impossible to apply this material in the solar cell. The materials CuS and CuGaS2 electrodeposited potentiostatically over FTO were also tested. Both of them present better electrochemistry properties than FTO/Pt CE. The electrode CuGaS2 presented a higher density value than the CuS and Pt. The resistance value of charge transfer was close for both materials, but the CuGaS2 electrode presented a higher current density for the polysulfides redox process. After the individual CEs characterization, four different devices were constructed with the structure photoelectrode/TiO2/PQ/polysulfides electrolyte/CE. The photovoltaic device study shown that the PbS quantic point with CdS chemical bath increase 10 times the current density if the short circuit (Jsc), when compared to the device just with PbS. The device with CuGaS2 CE conducted to a improve in the fill factor (FF) doubling the solar cell efficiency if compared to the device with the same photoanode but with the FTO/Pt CE.
Validação de material didático para pessoas com deficiência visual: construção mútua entre usuários e projetistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-22) Souza, Thaís Andressa de; Fontes, Andréa Regina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4848646681792317; Saltorato, Patrícia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2169463248578681
The curricular adaptations contribute to the development of Assistive Technologies and these to support the process of Inclusive Education. The education system, at its different levels, needs to be able to provide tools that guarantee students with some form of disability access to the curriculum. This dissertation is a branch of the research project "Vertátil: Development of didactic resources for teaching and learning of people with visual impairment", which had the purpose of developing didactic resources for teaching and learning of people with visual impairment, aiming to favor the learning of these people. students. The main objective of the dissertation was to validate prototypes of didactic material for people with visual impairment, which aims at better student development. The methodology used was participant research, with survey of the necessary characteristics, exploratory visits, elaboration of 3D material, pedagogical, technical and final validation. In this sense, it was possible to emphasize the inclusive nature of the resources, which were praised by both the visually impaired and the visionaries. The results indicated that the impact of these new representations (tactical and universal perceptual didactic materials) and interactions between the involved actors (mutual project process) anticipated misuse of use, since the evaluated prototypes obtained few indications of improvement. In addition, according to the reports, the materials aroused interest and curiosity on the part of the users, aspects favorable to the learning stimulus. The validated resources were considered by the mediators of learning, offering through tactile perception the achievement of the proposed didactic objectives. Finally, the research brings a contribution of social value when presenting the possibility of equating the learnings of the students through the universal design.