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Avaliação da gestão de projetos de inovação no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais - IFSULDEMINAS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30) Novaes, Paulo Henrique; Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7092604290264977
This dissertation addresses the results of research focused on innovation projects managed by a scientific technological institution (ICT) in the context of program and project management. The theoretical framework is based on the PMBOK guide (6th ed.), The Standard for Program Management (SPM), both developed by the Project Management Institute (PMI) and the Model Practical NCTP "Diamond" (Shenhar et al., 2005). Among the various public ICTs that promote innovation, the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology emerge in a regional environment. The objective of the research was to evaluate the management of the program and its innovation projects to improve the performance of IFSULDEMINAS in fulfilling its strategic mission to promote innovation in its territorial environment. Research is defined as predominantly qualitative, exploratory-descriptive, delineated as a single case study. The analysis of the public and private documents allowed to describe the profile of the innovation projects and to compare the management of the Institutional Program of Incentive to the Development of Technological Innovation (PIIDIT) with the PMI-SPM standard. The data collected by questionnaire allowed to evaluate the final maturity (AFM), adherence to the levels and dimensions of maturity of the project managers and the management of PIIDIT, according to model Prado-MMGP Sector. Regarding the comparison between PIIDIT management and PMI-SPM program management standard, the results demonstrated that quality and risk program activities, such as program activity management plans, need to be created and executed. In addition, it demonstrated that the lack of a specific computer program and a project management office or a human resources adequacy in the NTI/IFSULDEMINAS, become critical points for future pretensions. The profile of the innovation projects completed in PIIDIT points out congruent characteristics related to innovative projects, in addition the data obtained through the AFM, adherence to the levels and dimensions of maturity allowed to conclude that both innovation project managers and management of PIIDIT are at level 2 (known) of maturity, but with a maturity level to other brazilian references and with the potential to evolve from a growth plan in maturity in management.
Território da cidadania do Cariri: os programas de fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30) Costa Junior, Juscelino Martins; Bergamasco, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863899187043019; Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5499879064836253
The attention of the State to the Brazilian countryside was for a long time focused only on the medium and large producer. In the mid-1990s family farming was considered in some state actions. In this sense, programs and public policies were implemented. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the role of the State, through its actions and programs of public policies, in the strengthening of rural settlements in the Citizenship Territory of Cariri Ceará. As a methodology was carried out a qualitative study, with the application of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, as well as participatory observation methods. In 2008, the Territory of Citizenship program was created and in 2009 the program began in Cariri, the largest in Ceará, with 29 municipalities. It was found that few settlers were able to access programs such as the PNAE and the PAA. Low access to the Programs was linked to local environmental characteristics and lack of technical assistance and rural extension services. The NEDET's aim is to support territorial colleges, to disseminate methods and technologies geared to the social management of territorial politics, but it has not been able to attend and not to insert the federal settlements in its plan of action. The State, with all its policies, has the potential to promote development in settlements and for all family agriculture in Cariri, but it is necessary to work more steadily with a network of actors who favor agriculture.
Ampliação do repertório de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) após uma intervenção comportamental não intensiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30) Manoni, Nathalia de Vasconcelos; Domeniconi, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8486242805328688
It is known the people with developmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), present significant deficits in the various areas of development. The ABA behavioral intervention (in English: Applied Behavior Analysis – Applied Behavior Analysis) is the one that shows the greatest evidence of effectiveness and it consists on assessing and intervening in a systematic and progressive manner, favoring repertories of the child in all areas of development, such as: language socialization, self-care, academic skills (Languages, History, Mathematics, etc), motor skills, among others. The purpose of this study was to analyze in retrospect the effects of a non-intensive intervention (1 hour and 30 minutes to 3 hours per week), applied by an interdisciplinary team to 4 children diagnosed with ASD. The following steps were analyzed: pretests to assess the children’s input repertoire; intervention applied by professionals during a maximum of twenty-two (22) months, and two post-tests carried out during and after the intervention period. The effectiveness measures of the non-intensive intervention were presented and discussed according to the skills and parameters described by Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program-guide – VBMAPP (Sundberg, 2008). It was evidenced gains in repertoire of the children with ASD, specially on language skills. The research results suggest that the effectiveness of the non-intensive intervention was facilitated by the interdisciplinary approach based on ABA principles. It is expected that the discussion on the obtained results and the structure of the analyzed intervention can provide information for the planning and implementation of more accessible interventions for families of the children with ASD, when compared to the cost of intensive interventions.
Decomposição in situ de macrófitas aquáticas: influência das características de diferentes ecossistemas, atividade celulolítica e interação de macroinvertebrados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30) Schiavone, Daniele Cristina; Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0929824061582314
Macrophytes are plants that actively participate in the biogeochemical cycles of aquatic ecosystems. They are important in dynamics and cycling, especially in the carbon cycle. The determination of the decomposition kinetics is a result of the environmental factors in association to the intrinsic characteristics of each species. The present study described the in situ decomposition kinetics of Salvinia auriculata and Urochloa arrecta macrophytes, isolated and mixed, in two types of systems, lentic and lotic, with two types of water, oligotrophic, at Fazzari in São Carlos (SP), and humic water, at Parque das Dunas, in Salvador (BA), with litterbags of thick mesh, in order to allow the interaction of macroinvertebrates, and with fine mesh, without the presence of these organisms. On sample days 1, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 (n = 216), the plant samples were placed in the systems in triplicates with the combinations. The limnological variables were analyzed to verify their influence in the decomposition process, as well as measured the organic matter, the total fibers and the enzymatic activity of the detritus cellulase. The decomposition decay parameters were obtained by means of mathematical modeling. Statistics were applied to verify the differences between limnological variables, kinetic and mass loss, aquatic organisms abundances, fiber content in detritus and enzymatic decomposition activities. Environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, conductivity and carbon had influences in some treatments, regardless of the type of system. Salvinia auriculata presented a slower decomposition with respect to Urochloa arrecta isolated, so that the mixture of species was maintained with intermediate values in the majority of treatments of the Fazzari system. As for the study done at Parque das Dunas, there were no significant differences in the loss of mass and in the time of decomposition of the different treatments. It also did not present significant alteration related to the macrophyte type. Therefore, humic water was the most relevant factor in this environment. The presence of macroinvertebrates did not affect the decomposition kinetics. Urochloa arrecta presented lower fiber contents compared to Salvinia auriculata, the difference was mainly in relation to the lignin content. The enzymatic kinetics were mainly affected by the type of macrophytes, being the largest accumulation obtained with Urochloa arrecta. The lentic and lotic systems did not present differences even in relation to the type of mesh used. In short, the decomposition process was influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, depending on the experimental conditions tested.
Transporte e exclusão social: um estudo de caso nas áreas rurais e periurbanas da cidade de Itirapina – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30) Carvalho, Camila Umbelino; Sanches, Suely da Penha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7049053880288745
Spatial characteristics are related to the level of mobility and accessibility of people inserted in a given society. In low-density areas, transport faces more specific challenges such as urban sprawling, long-distance travel, and sometimes a precarious road system. These challenges, when associated with some socioeconomic profiles, may create transport disadvantage and inhibition of access to vital activities, and in some cases risk of exclusion. Given that, the main topic of this work is focused on groups of transport disadvantage residents of low-density areas, mainly rural and peri-urban areas. It was also performed analysis in the way socioeconomic profiles affect transport disadvantage and may relate to social exclusion. Data were collected by a survey applied to 75 residents of rural and peri-urban regions of the city of Itirapina, São Paulo, Brazil. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS IBM. Results indicate that women, the elderly, students, low-income individuals, lower members in the family structure, unemployed, individuals without driver’s license or automobiles are more susceptible to transport disadvantage. It can be highlighted that individuals without a driver's license present more differences related to transport disadvantage when compared with those with a driver's license. Regarding travel characterization, transport disadvantage individuals present different behavior of trips. They usually present fewer alternatives for their commute regarding transport mode. Also, the ones in transport disadvantage situation tended to perform their commute more often in times in which Transports for Rural Schools were available. This tendency evidenced a higher dependency on this mode of transport. Lastly, it was found a relationship between transport disadvantage and dimensions of social exclusion. After all, this research can benefit the studied area in terms of formulation of transport guidelines and promotion of social inclusion to residents most affected by transport disadvantage.
Silenciamento e tomada de palavra: ambivalências discursivas em pronunciamentos de Evo Morales e Lula da Silva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30) Pereira, Maísa Ramos; Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4570938983795878
In this work, based on materialist Discourse Analysis, we analyze linguistic formulations of Evo Morales and Lula da Silva, extracted from their respective first presidential inaugurations. We discuss issues concerning discursive processes involving the silencing of minority majorities and the word-of-mouth of their spokespersons. The emergence of representative rulers of majorities allows us to observe how exclusionary the "democratic" regime is: centuries have gone by until representatives with characteristics of historically marginalized social segments who embodied language, body and voice of those who could supposedly exercise their sovereignty under democracy. In this sense, we seek to understand the historical and discursive process of the construction of Presidents Evo Morales and Lula da Silva as political representatives, analyzing, in their public statements, constructions of a particular identity and / or generic republican identity, production of conciliations and / or consensuses, marks of historicity of the struggles of social movements and of leaderships that preceded them and that established their respective paths to the presidency of the Republic, relations with opponents and mentions to the poorest segments of the population. Through the taking of words by subjects that emerge from a socially silenced and excluded majority, which succeeds in raising one of their own, our thesis is that ambivalent discursive functions occur in the pronouncements of possession of such historical subjects derived from the oscillation between the events of their political ascents and the political history of their countries, between the popular conquest and the aristocratic concession, between the need to speak of social struggles and not to name opponents. From the silencing to the taking the floor, in the irruption of the discursive event, there are previous histories of struggles as well as imposed silencing, that compete for the ways of saying of such subjects. In such a way, Evo Morales and Lula da Silva carry out the historical narratives of their peoples, while they undergo historical discursive coercions about their speeches. Since discourse is something that struggles and is a power that must be seized, to exercise its right to make itself heard, subjects whose lives are excluded and exploited do not have the public speech with transformative potential at their disposal. It is necessary to take the floor. Thus, the place of speech will contribute to the legitimacy and performative force of what is said by the people and their representatives, because these lines have the foundation and consistency of life and a History of struggles.
Padrões filogenéticos de comunidades vegetais em um gradiente altitudinal na Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-05-30) Mattos, Jacqueline Salvi de; Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4360061354751397
Since the beginning of ecology studies, scientists have been worried in exploring natural communities and how the vary across time and space, looking for patterns to describe. Mountains are often great systems to study these patterns of diversity and how environmental factors can shape them. Phylogenetic diversity, one of the ways of measuring biological diversity, incorporates the evolutionary history of species, and along with other methods of species distributions, can help in the investigation of biogeographic patterns in many scales. In the present study, we used four metrics of phylogenetics diversity and spatial structure (phylogenetic species richness, phylogenetics species variability, specific overrepresentation score and geographic node divergence) and their relationship to environmental filters, along an elevational gradient, to study the influence of niche conservatism and node allopatry. We have studied the vascular plant flora of rocky grasslands in the Cipó Mountains, located in the Espinhaço Range, Southeastern Brazil. We allocated 180 1m² plots in five areas along the altitude gradient (ranging from 800 to 1400 m) and collected all angiosperm species present in those. We also collected soil properties and declivity. The phylogenetic species variability decreased with altitude, whereas richness increased. Therefore, the clustering of species increased towards more elevated areas. Both metrics presented significate relationships with environmental variables such as pH, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, confirming that intensity of environmental filters have also increased with altitude. Regarding the other two metrics, we found three allopatric nodes in the phylogeny, which separates: Monocots from Eudicots, Eriocaulaceae from Poaceae, Xyridaceae from Cyperaceae. With that we could reveal the nodes with the higher degrees of environmental and geographic divergence, which could also lead to exploration of major biogeographical changes in their distributions. Finally, we concluded that there is a pattern of phylogenetic diversity and structure along the environmental gradient of the Cipó Mountains. Thus, plant species from rocky grasslands probably have their main traits conserved, and mostly, are shaped by environmental filters.